JPH02171123A - Method for water culture and panel therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To remarkably increase cropping frequency by transplanting seedlings of water culture into planting holes of a belt panel, carrying out water culture and then transferring the seedlings in a moderately grown stage with the belt panel into a slot, opened and formed in a frame panel. CONSTITUTION:Seedlings (X) of water culture grown in a urethane mat are initially separated for each urethane block (U) and then transplanted into planting holes 3, opened and formed in a long belt panel 1 having a relatively narrow width. The belt panel 1 is then dipped in a water culture bed (B) sufficiently filled with a water culture solution (W) to carry out water culture. When the cultured seedlings are grown to approach to the latter half period of growth, the cultured crops (Y) in the course of growth with the belt panel 1 are taken out of the above-mentioned water culture bed (B) and the aforementioned belt panel 1 is fitted into a slot 4, opened and formed in a frame panel 2 and transplanted to remarkably increase turnover rate of the house field and increase cropping frequency.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] (Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to a hydroponic cultivation method and a hydroponic cultivation panel, which significantly increases the turnover rate of main fields in greenhouses with limited cultivation area and facility area. It is intended to dramatically improve cultivation efficiency, facility efficiency, production efficiency, etc.

(Conventional technology) Conventionally, in hydroponic cultivation methods, a hydroponic bed is formed in the longitudinal direction, and a planting panel for cultivated crops is dipped and floated in the hydroponic liquid stored in the hydroponic bed, and both ends are A representative example of the method for supporting hydroponic cultivation is the one published by Seibundo Shinkosha on September 25, 1986, and featured in the agriculture and horticulture special issue, ``New Techniques of Hydroponic Cultivation.'' Figure 1 on page 2 and Figure 4
M-type hydroponic (
(product name) method (for example, JP-A-60-2109
(Illustrated in FIG. 2 (B) in Publication No. 28).

In addition, planting panels for cultivated crops are placed on the hydroponic bed,
A method in which water iJF liquid is poured onto the bottom surface for hydroponic cultivation.
Typical examples include Figure B in Figure 12 on page 9 of the same page ``New Technology of Hydroponic Cultivation,'' and the applicant's implementation of the hydroponic liquid thin film method disclosed on pages 57 to 59. There is a system called Sansui type NFT hydroponic (trade name), which is similar to the NFT hydroponic system shown in FIG.

The rectangular planting panels used in these hydroponic cultivation methods have circular planting holes with a diameter of about 3 cm.
Multiple rows are placed in parallel at appropriate intervals in the width and length directions, and the spacing between the planting holes is set to accommodate soft vegetables such as mitsuba, garland chrysanthemums, all-purpose green onions, and salad greens, which are the targets of hydroponic cultivation. Considering the growth and cultivation efficiency of leafy vegetables, flower types such as carnations and lisianthus, and even medicinal herbs, a wide variety of plants are available, ranging from relatively closely spaced plants to coarsely spaced plants. That's what I do.

(Problem 1 to be Solved by the Invention) Therefore, when changing the cultivated crop, it is necessary to completely change the planting panel to a planting panel in which planting holes are opened at intervals suitable for the change.

Of course, in some cases, in the case of planting panels with relatively closely spaced planting holes, planting holes spaced every 1 or 2 to 3 holes may be used, or some other method may be used. This does not mean that it is not possible to respond by closing the plug with a plug member.

However, in the former case, light enters the inside of the hydroponic bed through the holes where the plants are not planted, which is undesirable as it causes the growth of algae inside the bed, and in the latter case,
Opening unused holes is a cumbersome task.

In addition, in the case of a planting panel that has planting holes opened at relatively coarse intervals, the space between the planting holes should be equally divided.
Alternatively, if the problem is dealt with by making two or three new planting holes, on the other hand, if the cultivated crops are to be returned to their original state, the troublesome work described above must be repeated.

Therefore, in the past, many types of planting panels were prepared depending on the cultivated crops, and usually a complete set was prepared each time the cultivated crops changed, requiring facility costs each time, and requiring a large amount of planting panels. A place must be secured to store the planting panels.

(Conventional technology 2) On the other hand, the general technique of the conventional hydroponic cultivation method is to make cuts in a urethane mat that serves as a seedling bed in a vertical and horizontal lattice pattern, and place the urethane mat in a seedling box or a seedling nursery with the cut side facing down. Place an appropriate amount of seeds per unit area on the surface of a sufficiently hydrated urethane mat placed in a tank, or make a cut in the center of a small block of urethane mat that has been cut in a lattice pattern. A few seeds are sown in the seedlings, and the seedlings are raised and cultivated until they germinate, take root, and become appropriately sized seedlings (seedling cultivation process).

Therefore, the hydroponic seedlings that were grown to an appropriate size were separated into urethane blocks, and then used in various hydroponic cultivation methods.
Plants are planted in the planting holes of a planting panel configured to match the hydroponic bed structure and cultivated crops, and are subjected to hydroponic cultivation over a predetermined growing period (growth cultivation process).

At this time, of course, at the initial stage of planting, there is sufficient space for each plant to plant, but as the growth stage progresses, the plants gradually become overgrown, and at the final stage of harvesting. In this case, the top surface of the planting panel will grow thickly and densely.

For example, if you raise and cultivate soft vegetables separately and then plant them in the main field of Novus and grow them, if the vegetables are three-leafed, you will usually have to cultivate them by hand 8 to 10 times, and each crop will have 30 to 4
In the case of hydroponic green onions, they usually grow to a size that can be harvested in about 50 to 60 days per crop, with about 6 to 7 manual cultivations.

In this way, although the cultivation period itself varies somewhat depending on the season and depending on the cultivated crop,
The number of cultivation days per cultivated crop remains almost constant.

(Problem 2 to be solved by the invention) However, in the conventional method, planting panels for each cultivated crop are used to uniformly handle the entire growing cultivation period from planting of hydroponic seedlings to harvesting. Therefore, there is room for improvement in making the most effective use of the limited cultivation area and facility area, dramatically increasing the turnover rate of greenhouse fields, and dramatically increasing the number of plantings. ing.

In the case of trefoil, which is a soft vegetable, after the hydroponic seedlings are planted on the planting panel, the growth is relatively slow until the first half of the growth stage, which is about 15 to 20 days, when the trefoil grows. Even though there is sufficient growth space in the panels, conventional methods either ignore it or
It was dismissed as something that could not be stopped.

(Means for Solving the Problems) Therefore, in the present invention, in the first half of the growing cultivation stage, cultivation can be performed at relatively narrow intervals, and in the middle stage, normal cultivation can be carried out. They developed a new cultivation method that allows for relatively easy adjustment of spacing.

Specifically, firstly, the first stage of cultivation is to transplant the hydroponic seedlings X into the planting holes 3 formed in the relatively narrow and long band panel 1 and to use them for hydroponic cultivation; To provide a hydroponic cultivation method comprising a late cultivation step in which the band panel 1 is transferred to a long hole 4 formed in a frame panel 2 to be used for hydroponic cultivation at the stage when it has grown to an appropriate size. This has greatly increased the turnover rate of the main greenhouse field, allowing us to cope with the dramatic increase in the number of plantings.

In addition, as a component, secondly, the rectangular substrate has a relatively narrow width (long length) and is formed into a frame with multiple rows of elongated holes 4, making it compatible with an extremely wide range of cultivated crops. This is a versatile supporting panel for hydroponic cultivation.

Furthermore, thirdly, a dedicated band panel 1 having a relatively narrow width and a long length is formed with an appropriate number of planting holes 3 approximately determined according to the cultivated crops, and a rectangular substrate with openings formed therein. A hydroponic cultivation panel is provided in which a versatile frame panel 2 having multiple rows of long holes 4 is combined, and the band panel 1 is configured to be detachably attached to the long holes 4 of the frame panel 2. As a result, the cultivation area, facility area, etc. can be used as efficiently as possible to deal with water cultivation, and the cultivation efficiency, facility efficiency, etc. can be significantly improved.

(Example) The cultivation panel P, which is a component according to the present invention, is configured by combining a band panel 1 and a frame panel 2 that functions as a supporting member thereof, and both are integrally molded from polystyrene foam.

Among them, the band panel 1 is formed into a band plate shape with a relatively narrow width and a long length, and a large number of planting holes 3 are formed at approximately equal intervals in the longitudinal direction.

The frame panel 2 is intended to function as a support member for the band panel 1, and is formed with relatively narrow and long elongated holes 4 in the longitudinal direction of the rectangular substrate, which are spaced apart in the width direction. It has the shape of a frame in which a plurality of rows are arranged in parallel at intervals, and at the lower left and right ends of the elongated hole 4, engaging step portions 5 into which the Shibanel 1 is fitted and supported protrude.

Next, the hydroponic hezod B in which the cultivation panel P of the present invention is set
is made of polystyrene foam integrally molded in an upward U-shape, and a part of the main body of the water bed B consists of side panels 6.7 raised on both left and right sides, and a bottom panel 8 with an uneven surface.
A relatively low-level soft part 9 is provided at the center of the bottom plate part 8 in the longitudinal direction, and relatively shallow groove parts 10 and 11 are recessed in the longitudinal direction on both left and right sides of the soft part 9. A narrow groove 12 is slightly recessed in the center of the groove parts 1a and 11, and the narrow groove 12 has a function of passing hot water and cold water, a ridge function, a support function for the cultivation panel P, etc. The vibrator 13 having the above-mentioned soft part 9 and the installed vibrator 12 are installed in a part of the left and right corners of the left and right side plate parts 6.7 and the bottom plate part 8, and the vibrator 13 is installed so that it can be laid freely in the longitudinal direction. Corner steps 14 and 15 having the same height are formed.

Of course, it is optional to install the vibrator 13 on the hydroponic bed B, and instead of the vibrator 13, a relatively low soft part (not shown) may be installed in the longitudinal direction in the same way as the soft part 9. It can also be installed protrudingly.

In addition, the hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to the present invention usually comprises a frame (not shown) for the hydroponic bed B at a position of approximately waist height, which is slightly tilted backward in the longitudinal direction, using pipe materials, etc. The above-described hydroponic beds B are placed on the mount one after another in the longitudinal direction, and a lid plate is placed on the sprout end and the rear end to fix the beds. A vinyl root S is laid almost in close contact with the inner surface of the water IF bed B, and a supply pipe for the hydroponic liquid W is connected to the prong end of the water IF bed B, and a discharge pipe for the hydroponic liquid W is connected to the rear end thereof. A sterilizer for the hydroponic liquid W, a hydroponic liquid tank, a supply pump, etc. are constructed between the feed pipe and the discharge pipe.

(Hydroponic Cultivation Method) Next, the procedure of a hydroponic cultivation method using the cultivation panel P of the present invention consisting of the above-mentioned band panel 1 and frame panel 2 will be explained.

First, as in the conventional method, make cuts in a urethane mat that will serve as a seedling bed in a vertical and horizontal grid pattern, place the urethane mat with the cut side facing down in a seedling box or tank, and place the units on the surface of the urethane mat that is sufficiently moistened with water. Either sow an appropriate amount of seeds per area, or make a cut in the center of a small block of urethane mat (or urethane block) with cuts in a grid pattern, and place about 1 or 2 to 3 seeds in the cut. Seeds are sown, allowed to germinate and root, and then used for seedling cultivation until they become water-sprinkled seedlings X of appropriate size (seedling cultivation process).

Next, the hydroponic seedlings X grown on this urethane mat are separated into urethane blocks U, and transplanted into the planting holes 3 of the band panel 1. ), the band panels 1 are placed one after another in the longitudinal direction of the hydroponic beds B, and a sufficient amount of water vE liquid W is supplied to the hydroponic beds B to form a kind of hydroponic tank. In this stage, in principle, the band panel 1 is immersed in the hydroponic bed B and hydroponically cultivated in a floating state in order to promote root attachment and elongation (early growth process).

Of course, depending on the cultivated crop, once the roots have taken root and growth has begun to stabilize, the hydroponic solution W may be intermittently supplied from the upstream side to the downstream side of the hydroponic bed B. Hydroponic cultivation using the so-called NFT method, in which the material is poured in a thin film state, can also be used.

In particular, at the initial stage of planting, it is desirable to cultivate in a floating state to encourage root attachment and sufficient growth of hair roots, and once this is stabilized, switch to the NFT method and use hydroponic cultivation. Alternatively, at this growing stage, the band panel 1 is mainly immersed in the hydroponic bed B and cultivated in a uniform manner in a floating state.

Next, when the cultivated crop Y enters the latter half of its growth period, the leaves and stems of the cultivated crop in the band panel 1 elongate and grow densely.

Therefore, at this stage when the second half of growth is approaching, the cultivated crop Y, which is in the process of growing, is placed in the hydroponic bed B along with the belt panel 1.
It is then transferred to a hydroponic bed B which is made up of frame panels 2 butted together in the longitudinal direction, and the band panel 1 is inserted into the long hole 4 of the frame panel 2 and transferred. The growth interval is expanded to about 2 to 3 times and subjected to hydroponic cultivation (late growth process).

Even at this stage, especially in the early stage of transfer, cultivation is carried out in a floating state for a while to encourage roots to take root and sufficient growth of hair roots, and then the hydroponic solution W is cut off and the water is drained. After supplying sufficient oxygen, the cultivation is performed using the so-called N F 'I' method, which is used for hydroponic cultivation.

Of course, even at this late stage of growth, depending on the cultivated crop, the frame panel 2 to which the band panel 1 has been transferred may be immersed in the hydroponic bed B and cultivated in a floating state, or It can be cultivated by changing the height of the plant.

(Modified Example) Note that in FIGS.
), in place of the above-mentioned engagement step portion 5, both side wall surfaces of the elongated hole 4 in the frame panel 2 are formed into a tapered shape, and the tapered wall surfaces 17 formed on both left and right side surfaces of the band panel 1 are attached to the tapered wall surface 16. It is molded so that it fits in.

In addition, in the case of Figures (C) and (d), the engaging flanges 1a are formed by projecting from both left and right sides of the band panel 1, and are inserted into the elongated holes 4 and the engaging steps 5 of the frame panel 2. Insert it in a removable way.

(Application example) Next, the band panel 1 and frame panel 2 in the cultivation panel P,
Specific examples and application examples of the size relationship with the hydroponic bed B will be explained.

First, when the bed width of hydroponic bed B is about 60 cm and four rows of cultivated crops are planted and used for hydroponic cultivation, the panel width is about 6 to 8 cm and the length is about 60 cm. In order to function as a support member for the band panel 1 and the band panel 1, the panel width of the rectangular substrate is about 60 cm, the length is about 65 cm, and the above-mentioned plate is placed at a position dividing the panel width into four equal parts. A hydroponic cultivation panel P is constituted by a frame panel 2 in which four rows of long holes 4 into which band panels 1 of the same size are fitted are formed.

In this case, the number of planting holes 3 formed in the 60 cm long strip panel 1 is about 12 holes for trefoil, about 9 holes for hydroponic green onions, and about 5 holes for carnations. In the case of salad greens, approximately 4 pieces are selected.

Therefore, if the cultivated crops are to be changed, this can be done by replacing the belt l < flannel 1, and even if the cultivated crops are changed, the frame panel 2 can be used individually, which is extremely convenient.

Of course, if the hydroponic bed B has a mixed bed width of 30 cm and 60 cm, two of the strip panels 1 with a length of about 30 cm can be placed on the hydroponic bed B with a width of about 60 cm. It can also be used in such a manner that it is connected and fitted into a long hole 4 having a length of about 60 cm in the frame panel 2 to be used.

In addition, the bed widths of hydroponic bed B are 60cm and 120cm.
If a facility is constructed with a mixture of materials, two strip panels 1 each approximately 60 cm long are placed in a water tank approximately 120 cm long.
The frame used for the bed B can be fitted in a continuous manner into a long hole 4 having a length of about 120 cm in the flannel 2.

In addition, if the facility has a mix of hydroponic beds B with bed widths of 30cm and 90cm, three strip panels 1 with a length of about 30cm are used for hydroponic bed B with a width of about 90C1η. It is also possible to place three pieces in a row in the elongated hole 4 of about 90 cm in length in the tunnel 2 for transfer.

Therefore, the bed width of hydroponic bed B is 30 cm.

It is extremely easy to use it for hydroponic beds B from various manufacturers, which are standardized at about 60 cm, 90 cm, 120 cm, and 5150 cm, and its versatility is extremely large.

(Effects of the Invention) Firstly, the present invention provides cultivation in which hydroponic seedlings In the first step and when it grows to an appropriate size, a long hole 4 is formed in the frame panel 2.
Since we have provided a water i, IF cultivation method that consists of the latter stage of cultivation in which the whole strip panel is transferred to the farm and used for hydroponic cultivation, cultivation at relatively narrow intervals is possible in the first half of the growth stage of cultivated crops. In addition, after passing the middle stage,
It is relatively easy to adapt to cultivation at normal cultivation intervals, which greatly increases the turnover rate of greenhouse fields and contributes to a dramatic increase in the number of plantings.

In addition, as a component thereof, secondly, a frame panel 2 is provided, which is formed into a frame shape by opening a plurality of rows of relatively narrow and long elongated holes 4 in a rectangular substrate, so that it is versatile in itself. As a support panel for hydroponic cultivation, it can be effectively used for a wide variety of cultivated crops.

Furthermore, thirdly, there is a dedicated band panel 1 having a relatively narrow width and a long length, which is formed with an appropriate number of planting holes 3, and a general-purpose panel panel 1, which has a plurality of rows of long holes 4 formed in a rectangular substrate. Since we have provided a hydroponic cultivation panel in which the band panel 1 is detachably attached to the long hole 4 of the frame panel 2, the cultivation area and facilities are limited. It is possible to deal with hydroponic cultivation by utilizing the greenhouse field as efficiently as possible, such as the area, and the cultivation efficiency, facility efficiency,
Not only does it dramatically improve production efficiency, but it also negates the effects of increased yield and profitability, which are extremely important for growers.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 is an isolated perspective view of the hydroponic cultivation panel showing the frame panel and band panel, Figure 2 is a perspective view showing the band panel placed side by side across the hydroponic bed, and Figure 3 is the hydroponic bed. A perspective view showing the state in which the band panel has been transferred to the set frame panel, Figure 4 is a longitudinal front view showing the state of the cultivated crops in the early stage of growth, and Figure 5 is a longitudinal front view showing the state of the cultivated crops in the latter stage of growth. , and FIGS. 6(a) to 6(d) are sectional views showing a modified example in which a band panel is fitted into a long hole of a frame panel. Code table B Hydroponic bed W Hydroponic liquid P Cultivation panel S Vinyl sheet Department
9 Soft part 10.11 Groove part 12 Narrow groove 13 Vibrator 14.15 Step part 16.17 Tapered wall surface 18 Flange part Fig. 4 Fig. 5

Claims (9)

[Claims] (1) Relatively narrow and long strip panel 1 for hydroponic seedlings
In the first stage of growth, the seeds are transplanted into the planting hole 3 formed in the hole 3 and subjected to hydroponic cultivation, and at the stage when they have grown to an appropriate size.
This hydroponic cultivation method comprises a late growth step in which the entire band panel 1 is transferred to a long hole 4 formed in a frame panel 2 and subjected to hydroponic cultivation. (2) The hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 1, in which the band panel 1 is spread across the width of the hydroponic bed B. (3) The hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 1 or 2, in which the band panels 1 are arranged in a row in the longitudinal direction of the hydroponic bed B. (4) During the early growing period when hydroponic seedlings X are cultivated on band panel 1,
The hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 1, 2, or 3, which mainly involves cultivating by immersing the band panel 1 in the hydroponic solution W of the hydroponic bed B. (5) In the late stage of cultivation in which the band panel 1 was transferred to the frame panel 2, the frame panel 2 was immersed in the hydroponic solution W during the early stage of the transfer, and then it was supplied to the hydroponic bed B. Claims 1 and 2 for cultivating by pouring hydroponic solution W into a thin film state.
The hydroponic cultivation method according to paragraph 3, paragraph 4. (6) A support panel for hydroponic cultivation characterized in that the frame panel 2 is configured with a rectangular substrate having a plurality of rows of relatively narrow and long long holes 4. (7) Combining a relatively narrow and long strip panel 1 formed with an appropriate number of planting holes 3 and a frame panel 2 having multiple rows of long holes 4 formed in a rectangular substrate, A hydroponic cultivation panel characterized in that the band panel 1 is configured to be detachably attached to the long hole 4 of the frame panel 2. (8) The hydroponic cultivation panel according to claim 6 or 7, in which the engagement step portion 5 is formed in the elongated hole 4. (9) One or more strip panels 1 in the long holes 4 of the frame panel 2
A hydroponic cultivation panel according to claim 6, 7, or 8, which is fitted with a hydroponic cultivation panel.