JP2791781B2 - Hydroponics method and hydroponics panel - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to a hydroponic cultivation method and a hydroponic cultivation panel. Dramatically improved, cultivation efficiency, facility efficiency,
This is a plan to dramatically improve production efficiency.

(Prior art 1) Conventionally, in a hydroponic method, a hydroponic bed is formed in a longitudinal direction, and a planting panel of a cultivated crop is immersed and floated in a hydroponic solution stored in the hydroponic bed, or both ends thereof are floated. Appropriately supported and used for hydroponic cultivation, a typical example of which is a special issue of agriculture and horticulture separate volume published by Seibundo Shinkosha on September 25, 1986, FIG. 1 on page 2 and 42-
FIG. 1 on page 43 and a method called M-type hydroponic (trade name) disclosed elsewhere (for example, shown in FIG. 2 (b) in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-210928).

In addition, a method of placing a planting panel of a cultivated crop on a hydroponic bed, lengthening a hydroponic solution on its lower surface, and providing it for hydroponic cultivation,
Typical examples thereof include the diagram B in FIG. 12 on page 9 of “New Technique of Hydroponic Culture” and the practice of the present applicant belonging to the hydroponic liquid thin film method disclosed on pages 57 to 59 also. Sansui type
A method called NFT hydroponic (trade name).
There is an NFT hydroponic system shown in FIG.

The rectangular planting panel used in these hydroponic methods has a circular planting hole with a diameter of about 3 cm,
A plurality of lines are juxtaposed in the width direction and the longitudinal direction with appropriate pipes underneath, and the interval between the fixed planting holes is a target for hydroponic cultivation such as three leaves, spring chrysanthemum, universal leek, soft vegetables such as salad vegetables. In consideration of the growth and cultivation efficiency of leafy vegetables, carnations, flowers of eustoma, and medicinal herbs,
Many types are prepared, from relatively densely spaced ones to coarsely spaced ones, to accommodate them.

(Problem 1 to be Solved by the Invention) Therefore, in a place where a cultivated crop is changed, it is necessary to completely change a planting hole to a planting panel which is opened at a suitable interval.

Of course, depending on the case, in the case of a planting panel having planting holes that are relatively closely spaced, planting holes at every one or two or three intervals may be used, or some other planting hole may be separately provided. This does not mean that it is not possible to respond by closing with a plug member.

However, in the former case, light enters the inside of the hydroponic bed from holes that are not planted, and therefore, it is not preferable because algae are generated inside the bed, and in the latter case,
It is troublesome to plug the unused holes.

In the case of a planting panel having planting holes formed at relatively coarse intervals, one or two or three new planting holes are made by equally dividing the planting holes. If, on the contrary, the cultivated crop is to be returned to its original state, the troublesome work as described above must be performed again.

Therefore, conventionally, many types of planting panels according to cultivated crops are prepared, and usually, a set is prepared for each time the cultivated crop changes, and facility costs are required each time,
Also, a place to store a large number of planting panels must be secured.

(Prior art 2) On the other hand, the conventional general method of the hydroponic cultivation method is to make a cut in a vertical and horizontal lattice shape in a urethane mat serving as a nursery bed,
The cut side of the urethane mat is placed in a nursery box or nursery tank with the cut side down, and an appropriate amount of seeds are sown per unit area on the surface of the fully hydrated urethane mat, or a grid-like cut urethane A cut is made in the center of the small block of the mat, and a few seeds are seeded in the cut, and the seeds are germinated and rooted, and seedlings are cultivated until a hydroponic seedling of an appropriate size is obtained (seedling cultivation) Process).

Therefore, the hydroponic seedlings grown to an appropriate size were separated for each urethane block, and were then planted in the planting holes of the planting panel configured to suit various hydroponic cultivation methods, hydroponic bed structures and cultivated crops. Then, it is subjected to hydroponic cultivation for a predetermined growth period (growth and cultivation step).

At this time, naturally, in the early stage of planting, the planting space per plant, which has ample room, gradually grows as the growing stage progresses, and is finally harvested. In this case, the planting panel grows densely and grows in a dense state.

For example, after cultivating and cultivating soft vegetables separately on seedlings and then cultivating them by planting them on a planting panel, if it is three-leaf, it is usually about 8 to 10 times a year and about 30 to 40 days per crop In the case of hydroponic green onion, it usually grows to a size that can be harvested about 6 to 7 times per year and about 50 to 60 days per crop.

As described above, the cultivation period of the cultivated crop itself slightly varies depending on the season and before and after the cultivated crop, but the number of cultivation days per crop of the cultivated crop is substantially unchanged.

(Problem 2 to be Solved by the Invention) However, in the conventional method, the planting panel for each cultivated crop provides a uniform response over the entire period from the planting to the harvesting of the hydroponic seedlings. Therefore, utilizing the limited cultivation area, facility area, etc. as effectively as possible, dramatically increasing the cultivation turnover rate of hydroponics and leaving room for improvement in dramatically increasing the number of crops Have left.

Looking at the case of trefoil, which is a soft vegetable,
After planting the hydroponic seedlings in the planting panel, the growth is relatively slow until the growing stage of about 15-20 days in the first half where the three leaves grow, despite the fact that there is enough room for the growing space in the planting panel However, the conventional method has been neglected as the unavoidable existence of the empty space.

(Means for Solving the Problems) Therefore, in the present invention, cultivation at relatively narrow intervals is made possible in the first half of the growing and cultivating process.
After the middle stage, they developed a new cultivation method that can relatively easily respond to normal cultivation intervals.

Specifically, first, the first stage of cultivation, in which the hydroponic seedlings X are transplanted into the fixed planting holes 3 formed in the strip panel 1 having a relatively narrow width and a long length and formed in the opening and provided for hydroponics, At the stage when it has grown to an appropriate size, a hydroponic cultivation method comprising a cultivation late stage step of transferring the entire band panel 1 to the long hole 4 formed in the frame panel 2 and providing it to hydroponics, In addition, the cultivation turnover of hydroponic cultivation has been significantly increased, and a dramatic increase in the number of times of planting has been addressed.

Second, as a constituent member, a rectangular substrate is formed in a frame shape by opening a plurality of rows of long holes 4 having a small subcutaneous width and a long length, so as to correspond to an extremely wide variety of cultivated crops. It is a versatile support panel for hydroponics that can be used.

Thirdly, a dedicated narrow band panel 1 having a relatively small width and a long length formed by opening an appropriate number of fixed planting holes 3 roughly defined according to a cultivated crop, and an opening formed in a rectangular substrate. A hydroponic cultivation panel in which the band panel 1 is detachably provided in the long holes 4 of the frame panel 2 by combining the versatile frame panel 2 having a plurality of rows of long holes 4 is provided. Thereby, the cultivation area, the facility area, and the like are efficiently used as much as possible to cope with the hydroponic cultivation, and the cultivation efficiency, the facility efficiency, and the like are significantly improved.

(Example) A cultivation panel P, which is a constituent member according to the present invention, is configured by combining a band panel 1 and a frame panel 2 functioning as a support member thereof, and both are integrally molded products made of styrene foam.

Among them, the band panel 1 is formed into a band-shaped plate having a relatively small width and a long length, and a plurality of fixed planting holes 3 are formed at substantially equal intervals in the longitudinal direction.

The frame panel 2 functions as a support member for the band panel 1. The rectangular panel has a relatively long narrow hole 4 formed in the longitudinal direction of the rectangular substrate, which is spaced apart in the width direction. It has a frame shape in which a plurality of rows are arranged side by side, and engagement step portions 5 for fitting and supporting the band panel 1 project from lower left and right ends of the long holes 4.

Next, the hydroponic bed B on which the cultivation panel P of the present invention is set is made of styrofoam integrally molded in an upward U-shape, and the main body of the hydroponic bed B is a side plate portion 6 raised on both left and right sides. 7 and a bottom plate portion 8 having irregularities formed therein, of which a relatively low step ridge portion 9 is protruded in the center of the bottom plate portion 8 in the longitudinal direction, and a left and right side portion thereof has The shallow grooves 10 and 11 at the bottom are recessed in the longitudinal direction, and the grooves 10, 11
A slightly narrow groove 12 is slightly recessed in the center of
A pipe 13 having a function of passing hot water or cold water, a ridge function, a support function for the cultivation panel P, and the like is installed so as to be freely laid in the longitudinal direction, and left and right side plates 6 and 7 and a bottom plate are provided. At the left and right corners of the section 8, the ridge 9 and the installation pipe
12 and corner steps 14 and 15 having substantially the same height are formed.

Of course, it is optional to lay the pipe 13 on the hydroponic bed B, and the ridge 9
Similarly, a relatively low step ridge (not shown) can be provided by protruding in the longitudinal direction.

In addition, the hydroponic cultivation apparatus for the present invention usually comprises a frame (not shown) of the hydroponic bed B at a position about the waist level, which is slightly inclined backward in the longitudinal direction with a pipe material or the like, The hydroponic beds B are successively arranged in the longitudinal direction by successively abutting the hydroponic beds B on the gantry, and the front end and the rear end thereof are fixed by applying a cover plate thereto. A hydroponic fluid W feed pipe is connected to the front end of the hydroponic bed B, and a hydroponic fluid W discharge pipe is connected to the rear end of the hydroponic bed B. Between the feed pipe and the discharge pipe, a bacterial device for the hydroponic liquid W, a hydroponic liquid tank, a supply pump, and the like are configured.

(Hydraulic cultivation method) Next, a procedure of a hydroponic cultivation method using the cultivation panel P of the present invention including the above-described band panel 1 and frame panel 2 will be described.

First, in the same manner as in the prior art, a cut is made in a vertical and horizontal lattice in a urethane mat to be a nursery bed, and the cut side of the urethane mat is placed in a nursery box or a nursery tank, and a unit is placed on the surface of the sufficiently hydrated urethane mat. Spread an appropriate amount of seeds per area, or make a cut in the center of a small block (or urethane block) of urethane mat with cuts in a grid, and put one or two or three seeds in the cuts. Are seeded, germinated and rooted, and subjected to seedling cultivation until a hydroponic seedling X of an appropriate size is obtained (seedling cultivation step).

Next, the hydroponic seedlings X grown on this urethane mat are cut off for each urethane block U, transplanted into the fixed planting holes 3 of the sash panel 1, and the horizontal direction of the hydroponic bed B (possibly in the longitudinal direction). ), The belt panels 1 are inserted one after the other, and are arranged one after another in the longitudinal direction of the hydroponic bed B, and
A sufficient amount of hydroponic solution W to form a kind of hydroponic tank. In this growth stage, the strip panel 1 is immersed in a hydroponic bed B in order to promote root survival and elongation in principle. Cultivate hydroponics in a floating state (early growth stage).

Of course, depending on the cultivated crop, when the roots take root and the growth starts to stabilize, the hydroponic solution W is intermittently supplied to the hydroponic solution W from the upstream side to the downstream side of the hydroponic head B. It is also possible to use hydroponic cultivation in a so-called NFT method in a thin film state.

In particular, in the early stage of planting, it is desirable to cultivate in a floating state in order to promote root vigor and sufficient growth of hair roots, and when it is stabilized, switch to the NFT method and use for hydroponics, or In this early stage of the growth, mainly, the belt panel 1 is immersed in the hydroponic bed B and cultivated uniformly in a floating state.

Next, when the growth of the cultivated crop Y approaches the latter half of the growth, the leaf stems of the cultivated crop in the band panel 1 elongate and grow densely.

Then, at the stage of approaching the latter half of the growth, this time, the growing cultivated crop Y is taken out of the hydroponic bed B together with the zonal panel 1 and the frame panel 2 is attached in the longitudinal direction and is continuously connected. It is transferred to the bed B as it is, the band panel 1 is fitted into the long hole 4 of the frame barrel 2 and transferred, and the growing interval of the cultivated crop is expanded to about 2 to 3 times and used for hydroponic cultivation (growing) Late stage).

At this stage, especially in the initial stage of transfer, the roots are cultivated for a while in a floating state in order to promote root vigor and sufficient growth of hair roots. After sufficient oxygen is supplied, cultivation is performed by switching to the so-called NFT method and providing hydroponic cultivation.

Of course, even in this late growth stage, depending on the cultivated crop, the frame panel 2 on which the band panel 1 has been transferred is immersed in the hydroponic bed B and cultivated in a floating state, or the hydroponic solution W
It can also be cultivated while changing the liquid level.

(Modification) In FIGS. 6 (a) to 6 (d) showing a modification in which the band panel 1 is fitted into the long hole 4 of the frame panel 2, in the case of FIG. Instead of the stepped portion 5, both side walls of the elongated hole 4 in the frame panel 2 are formed into a tapered shape, and the tapered wall surfaces 16 are formed so that the tapered wall surfaces 17 formed on the left and right side surfaces of the band panel 1 are fitted. I have.

In the case of FIGS. (C) and (d), the engaging flanges 18 are formed by projecting the left and right side portions of the band panel 1 and molded, and are formed on the long holes 4 and the engaging step portions 5 of the frame panel 2. It is fitted detachably.

(Application Example) Next, specific examples and application examples of the size relationship between the band panel 1 and the frame panel 2 in the cultivation panel P, and the hydroponic bed B will be described.

First, when the bed width of the hydroponic bed B is about 60 cm and the cultivated crop is planted in four rows and provided for hydroponic cultivation, the panel width is about 6 to 8 cm and the length is about 60 cm. In order to function as a supporting member for the band panel 1 and the band panel 1, the rectangular substrate has a panel width of about 60 cm, a length of about 65 cm, and a position where the panel width is divided into four equal parts. Slot 4 into which a strip panel 1 of a size of
And the frame panel 2 having openings formed in four rows, constitute a hydroponic cultivation panel P.

In this case, the number of the planting holes 3 formed in the 60 cm long strip panel 1 is about 12 holes for three leaves, about 9 for hydroponic green onions, and about 5 for carnations. In the case of salad greens, about four items will be adopted.

Therefore, when changing the cultivated crop, it is possible to cope with it by exchanging the band panel 1, and it is extremely convenient to use the frame panel 2 as it is even if the cultivated crop changes.

Of course, if the bed width of the hydroponic bed B is 30cm and the bed width is 60cm, two strip panels 1 of about 30cm length are used for the hydroponic bed B of about 60cm. It is also possible to adopt a usage mode in which the frame panel 2 is fitted in the elongated hole 4 having a length of about 60 cm.

If the bed width of the hydroponic bed B is 60cm and the bed width is 120cm, two of the strip panels 1 of about 60cm length are used for the hydroponic bed B of about 120cm. The frame panel 2 may be fitted in the elongated hole 4 having a length of about 120 cm.

In addition, if the bed width of the hydroponic bed B is 30cm and 90cm, the three strip panels 1 of about 30cm length are used for the hydroponic bed B of about 90cm. It is also possible to transfer three of them in the elongated hole 4 having a length of about 90 cm of the frame panel 2.

Therefore, the bed width of the hydroponic bed B is 30 cm, 60 cm, 90 cm.
Conversion to the hydroponic bed B of each manufacturer standardized to about cm, 120 cm, and 150 cm can be very easily performed, and its versatility is extremely large.

(Effects of the Invention) First, the present invention is directed to cultivation in which a hydroponic seedling X is transplanted into a fixed planting hole 3 formed in a belt panel 1 having a relatively narrow width and a long length and formed in an opening, and subjected to hydroponic cultivation. A hydroponic cultivation method comprising a first-stage process and a second-stage cultivation process in which the band panel 1 is transferred to the long hole 4 formed in the frame panel 2 together with the band panel 1 and provided for hydroponic cultivation when it has grown to an appropriate size. In the first half of the growth of cultivated crops, cultivation at relatively narrow intervals is possible, and after the middle stage, cultivation at normal cultivation intervals is relatively easy. Therefore, it is possible to significantly increase the cultivation turnover rate in hydroponics and contribute to a dramatic increase in the number of times of planting.

In addition, a dedicated band panel 1 having a relatively narrow width and a long length formed by opening an appropriate number of planting holes 3, and a versatile frame panel having a plurality of rows of elongated holes 4 formed in a rectangular substrate. 2 to provide a hydroponic cultivation panel plant in which the strip panel 1 is detachably configured in the long hole 4 of the frame panel 2, so that the limited cultivation area, facility area, etc. are effective. The cultivation space can be used as efficiently as possible for hydroponic cultivation, and the cultivation efficiency, facility efficiency, production efficiency, etc. are not only significantly improved, but also extremely important for growers And various effects such as an increase in profitability.

At this time, in the case of claim 2, an engaging step 5 is formed on the left and right inner side walls of the long hole 4 of the frame panel 2, and the engaging step 5
The strip panel 1 was fitted into the elongated hole 4 having a hole. In the case of the third aspect, the inner wall of the long hole 4 of the frame panel 2 is formed in a tapered shape, and the tapered wall portion 16 is formed.
The strip panel 1 having the tapered wall surface 17 formed on both left and right sides is fitted into the elongated hole 4 having a hole. Also,
In the case of claim 4, engaging step portions 5 are formed on left and right inner side walls of the long hole 4 of the frame panel 2, and engaging flanges are formed on the left and right side portions of the long hole 4 having the engaging step portion 5. The band panel 1 on which the portion 18 was formed was fitted. In the case of the fifth aspect, the strip panel 1 having the engagement flanges 18 formed on both left and right sides is fitted into the long hole 4 of the frame panel 2. In short, by inserting the relatively narrow and long strip panel 1 into the long hole 4 of the frame panel 2, the strip panel 1 constituting the base (base) of the cultivated crop is stable on the frame panel 2. It can be used for hydroponic cultivation in the state fixed to. Therefore, the growth of the cultivated crop proceeds by absorbing the nutrient solution, and even if the upper part of the cultivated crop becomes heavier, the band panel 1 supporting the root of the cultivated crop does not fall or tilt.

[Brief description of the drawings]

1 is an exploded perspective view of a hydroponic panel showing a frame panel and a band panel, FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a state in which a band panel is provided across a hydroponic bed, and FIG. 3 is a hydroponic bed. FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional front view showing a state of a cultivated crop in the early growth stage, and FIG. 5 is a vertical sectional front view showing a state of a cultivated crop in a late growth stage. FIGS. 6 (a) to 6 (d) are cross-sectional views showing modified examples of a state in which a band panel is fitted into a long hole of a frame panel. Code table B: hydroponic bed, W: hydroponic liquid P: cultivation panel, S: vinyl sheet X: hydroponic seedling, Y: cultivated crop U: urethane block 1: band panel 2, …… Frame panel 3 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. … Narrow groove 13 …… Pipe, 14, 15 …… Step 16, 17 …… Taper wall surface, 18 …… Flange

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. A pre-growth step in which a hydroponic seedling (X) is transplanted into a fixed planting hole (3) opened in a strip panel (1) having a relatively narrow width and a long length and subjected to hydroponic cultivation. A hydroponic cultivation method comprising the step of transferring the whole band panel (1) together with the band panel (1) to the elongated hole (4) opened in the frame panel (2) at the stage of growing to an appropriate size and subjecting it to hydroponic cultivation. 2. A frame panel (2) formed in a rectangular substrate by forming a plurality of rows of long holes (4) having a relatively narrow width and a long length to form a frame.
Are formed on the left and right inner side walls of the long hole (4) of the frame panel (2), and an appropriate number of holes are formed in the long hole (4) having the engaging step (5). A panel for hydroponics, wherein a relatively narrow and long strip panel (1) formed by opening the fixed planting hole (3) is fitted. 3. A frame panel (2) formed in a rectangular substrate by forming a plurality of rows of elongated holes (4) having a relatively narrow width and a long length to form a frame.
The inner wall of the elongated hole (4) of the frame panel (2) is formed in a tapered shape, and the elongated hole (4) having the tapered wall portion (16) is tapered on both left and right side surfaces (17). Is formed, and a relatively narrow and long strip panel (1) formed by opening an appropriate number of planting holes (3) is fitted therein. panel. 4. A frame panel (2) formed in a rectangular substrate by forming a plurality of rows of elongated holes (4) having a relatively narrow width and a long length to form a frame.
Are formed on the left and right inner side walls of the long hole (4) of the frame panel (2), and the left and right sides of the long hole (4) having the engaging step (5) are formed. A relatively narrow and long strip panel (1) having an engaging collar (18) formed in the portion and having an appropriate number of planting holes (3) opened is fitted. A panel for hydroponics, characterized by: 5. A frame panel (2) formed in a rectangular substrate by forming a plurality of rows of elongated holes (4) having a relatively narrow width and a long length to form a frame.
The frame panel (2) has a long hole (4) formed with engaging flanges (18) on both left and right sides, and a relatively wide width formed by opening an appropriate number of fixed planting holes (3). A panel for hydroponic cultivation, characterized in that a narrow and long strip panel (1) is fitted.