JP2000083469A - Cultivation of fruit vegetable - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enable a continuous or an intermittent harvest of a fruit vegetable and aim at the improvement in yield and quality thereof. SOLUTION: This method for cultivating a fruit vegetable, is to plant a new seedling (e.g. a root 2a belonging to a second group of roots 2) permanently in a state that the stalks and leaves of the previous crops (e.g. a root 1a belonging to a first group of roots 1) still remains. Therefore, the break of harvesting periods becomes shorter and it becomes possible to harvest continuously or intermittently. Also, since after planting the new seedling (the root 2a belonging to the second group of roots 2), the stalks of the previous crops (the root 1a belonging to the first group of roots 1) are toppled down at a part in the vicinity of the root, the root 2a belonging to the group of roots 2 can enjoy a sufficient sunlight in its young seedling period, and it becomes possible to obtain the fruits in a large yield with a high quality as compared with the conventional method.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for cultivating fruits and vegetables (fruits) for harvesting fruits of Cucurbitaceae and Solanaceae.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art For example, greenhouse cultivation usually carried out on tomatoes includes a cultivation method in which fruits are cultivated to about 5 to 10 tanata and a long cultivation method in which fruits are laid to 20 or more inflorescences. After the harvest is completed, the stalks and leaves of the previous crop are removed, and after that, new seedlings are planted, grown and harvested again. However, in any of these cultivation methods, a period occurs in which the harvest period is interrupted. Therefore, it has been conventionally desired to shorten the time of non-harvesting as much as possible to increase the yield per cultivation container.

[0003] As means for this, first, a plurality of strains (first strain group) are planted at predetermined intervals, the strains are grown until a predetermined time, and then the first strains are grown. If a plurality of strains (second strain groups) are newly planted and grown between the strains belonging to the strain group, and all the fruits are harvested from the strains belonging to the first strain group, If this is the case, the strain is cut and a new strain is planted as a first strain group. Next, when all the fruits are harvested from the strains belonging to the second strain group, the crops are cut, and then a new strain is planted as the second strain group. There is also known a method in which the next strain (second strain group) is planted before the completion of the harvesting of the first strain group, so that the period during which the harvest period is interrupted is made as short as possible.

[0004]

However, in the case of the above-mentioned means, a new crop (for example, the second strain group) is planted for a while after planting a new strain (for example, the first strain group). ) Stems and leaves are left behind, so that the new plant is shaded by these, and enjoys sufficient light despite the young seedlings needing enough light for good growth Can not do it. For this reason, in the case of the above-mentioned means, even if the harvest season is continuously or intermittently degraded,
It is often difficult to obtain satisfactory results in both yield and quality due to insufficient growth. In addition, as the height of the plant grows, the height of the plant grows and the hands of the workers cannot reach the fruit at the time of harvesting. Therefore, the height of the plant is lowered by rolling the lower stem sideways along the cultivation container. Work (hanging-off work) is performed, but conventionally, in the case of the hanging-off work, the fruit often breaks or is damaged.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and makes it possible to continuously or intermittently vary the harvesting season and to give sufficient light to a plant at the time of young seedlings. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for cultivating fruit and vegetables which can improve the yield, quality and quality of the fruits and vegetables more than before. It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for cultivating fruits and vegetables, which can eliminate the need for a dropping operation and reduce damage to fruits.

[0006]

Means for Solving the Problems In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a method for cultivating fruits and vegetables according to the present invention according to claim 1 is a method for cultivating fruits and vegetables in which a plurality of strains are arranged and grown in a cultivation container. A step of planting a first group of strains at predetermined intervals between adjacent strains, wherein each strain belonging to the first group of strains is grown upward until a predetermined time Thereafter, a step of pinching and dropping each of the strains belonging to the first group of strains from the middle is performed before and after the time of tilting each of the strains belonging to the first group of strains from the middle. A step of planting a new strain constituting the second strain group between the strains belonging to the body group; After hanging and hanging the stem support and harvesting the lower fruit, transfer each of the strains to a stem support farther away from the plant base. A step of sequentially harvesting fruits while changing the stem support to be hooked, a step of cutting each of the strains near the root after completion of the harvest, and a step of determining each of the strains belonging to the second strain group Growing the seeds upward until the time of the above, and then pinching and causing each of the strains belonging to the second strain group to fall from the middle, and causing each strain belonging to the second strain group to fall from the middle. Planting a new strain constituting the first strain group between each strain belonging to the second strain group around the time, After laying down, hook the appropriate part on the stem support and hang it down, and if the lower stage fruit is harvested, the stem support which hooks each of the strains to the stem support at a location further away from the plant base A process of successively harvesting fruits while changing the ingredients, and a step of cutting each strain near the root after harvesting , Characterized by having a.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of cultivating fruits and vegetables according to the first aspect, wherein one of the first group of plants and the second group of plants is planted first. Is a period from the flowering period of the inflorescence three stages below the pinching position to the end of the hormone treatment of the inflorescence immediately below the pinching position. It is characterized by the following.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for cultivating fruits and vegetables according to the first or second aspect, wherein the cultivation container is moved up and down to perform each of the operations. .

[0009]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail based on embodiments shown in the drawings. 1 and 2
FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a method for cultivating fruit vegetables according to the present embodiment. First, as shown in FIG. 1A, the first strain group 1
Are planted. As described below,
Since the strains 2a constituting the second strain group 2 are planted between the strains 1a, the interval between the strains 1a is set such that the strains 2a constituting the second strain group 2 can be planted. And However, in the present embodiment, as described later, after the plant 2a constituting the second plant group 2 is planted, the plant 1a constituting the first plant group 1 is laid down. The time when both the strain 1a constituting the first strain group 1 and the strain 2a constituting the second strain group are grown upward is extremely short. Therefore, since the leaves and fruits rarely come into contact with each other, the interval between the strain 1a and the strain 2a can be made smaller than before. As a new strain 2a to be planted as the second strain group 2, seedlings from the time when four true leaves are attached to the time of flowering are preferable, but direct seeding can also be performed. The new strain referred to in the present specification corresponds to a seed.

After planting the strains 1a belonging to the first strain group 1, each strain 1a is grown upward until a predetermined time (see FIG. 1 (b)). Each of the strains 2a constituting the second strain group 2 is planted between the strains 1a constituting the first strain group 1 described above. The time is set before or after the time when the strain 1a to which it belongs falls, preferably slightly before the time when it falls. Immediately after planting, it is usually necessary to place the pot-shaped medium 10b on the medium filled in the cultivation container 10 and then once irrigate it in order to promote survival or prevent wilting.
A little before the time of lodging of the strain 1a belonging to the first strain group 1a, the strain 1a belonging to the first strain group 1 is shaded at the time of planting, and the culture already supplied in the cultivation container 10 Pot-type medium 10b without evaporating the liquid much
Therefore, the watering treatment of the pot-shaped medium 10b can be omitted. In the present embodiment, FIG.
As shown in FIG. 1, one of strains 1a belonging to the first strain group 1
A strain 2a constituting the second strain group 2 is planted at the time of hormone treatment of the first-stage flower cluster. Further, in the present embodiment, the pinning position is set above the 12-stage flower cluster.

When the hormonal treatment of the 12th inflorescence of the strain 1a belonging to the first strain group 1 is completed, each of the strains 1a is laid down from near the root (see FIG. 1 (c)). By laying down the strains 1a belonging to the first strain group 1, it becomes easier for light to strike the strains 2a belonging to the second strain 2.

Here, the strain 1a belonging to the first strain group 1
The time to make the house fall will be described. As described above, before and after this lodging period, a new strain 2a belonging to the second strain group 2
For the purpose of the present invention, the time at which the planting is settled is set to a time at which a continuous or intermittent harvesting becomes possible by minimizing the period during which the harvesting period is interrupted.
That is, at the time when the uppermost fruit of the strain 1a belonging to the first strain group 1 is harvested, the harvest of the first-stage fruit of the strain 2a belonging to the second strain group 2 starts. Time is preferred. For example, in the case of tomato, although it varies depending on the variety, it is possible to harvest the fruits of the one-stage flower cluster from around the flowering period of one of the six to eight flower clusters, and to perform the hormone treatment of any of the six to eight-stage flower clusters. Since the harvesting of the fruit of the first-stage flower cluster is completed around the period, the second strain differs at the time when the top-most fruit of the strain 1a belonging to the first strain group 1 that differs depending on the pinching position has been harvested. 6 to 2 strains belonging to body group 2
It is preferable to have a period of growing to eight-stage flower clusters.
In other words, as described above, although the timing of lodging the previously planted strain 1a and the time of planting a new strain 2a are slightly different, but are almost at the same time, the planting is performed earlier. A period in which the new strain 2a grows to 6 to 8 steps of flower clusters is selected after the obtained strain 1a is laid down and before the harvest is completely completed.

[0013] In other words, the inflorescence at the harvesting stage is the inflorescence 5 to 7 steps below the inflorescence from the flowering stage to the hormone treatment stage.
Inflorescence immediately below the pinching position of the previously planted strain (for example, 8
If it is pinched above the inflorescence, it will fall between the flowering stage and the hormonal treatment stage of the 8-stage inflorescence and 12-stage inflorescence if it is pinched above the 12-stage inflorescence. Thus, a new strain 2a can grow to the 6-8-stage flower cluster.

However, the growth speed may vary depending on the type of plant, cultivar, season, or even between strains.
After the flowering period of the lower inflorescence (for example, 6 inflorescences when pinched above the 8th inflorescence, and 10 inflorescences when pinched above the 12th inflorescence), the hormone treatment of the inflorescence immediately below the pinching position ends. It is preferable to lay down at any time until later.

In the present embodiment, as described above, the strain 1a belonging to the first strain group 1 is pinched at the upper part of the twelve-stage inflorescence. A new strain 2a constituting the strain group 2 was planted, and immediately after the hormonal treatment of the 12-stage inflorescence was completed, the strain 1 was established.
a is lying down. In the harvesting operation, the first-stage fruit starts to be harvested when the six-stage flower cluster has opened, and then the second- and third-stage fruits are sequentially harvested, and the 12-stage flower cluster is harvested. At the end of the hormone treatment, 6
The harvest of the tiered fruits has been completed.

On the other hand, each strain 1a belonging to the first strain group 1
Simply laying down from the vicinity of the root may cause breakage from the vicinity of the root due to the weight of the fruit.
An appropriate portion of the strain 1a is hooked on a hook portion 10a which is a stalk support tool protruding from the side of the reference numeral 0. Here, hook part 1
A plurality of reference numerals 0a are provided in advance on the side of the cultivation container 10 at predetermined intervals.
The hooking position at 0a is preferably a position where the fruit to be harvested next can easily work. In the present embodiment, the cultivation container 10 itself is installed at a height of about 1 to 1.5 m from the ground, and as described above, in the strain 1a belonging to the first strain group 1, Since the fruit of the 6th stage has already been harvested, hook the gap between the 4-5th stage flower clusters so that the 7th stage fruit to be harvested next has a height that is easy to harvest. It is preferable to select a hook portion 10a which can be used.

When the harvesting of the seventh stage fruit from the strain 1a belonging to the first strain group 1 is completed, the hook 10a for hooking the strain 1a is provided at a position further away from the stock origin. (Fig. 1 (c) and Fig. 2 (a)
reference). As a result, the position of the fruit on the eighth stage is 7
The position is almost the same as the position at which the fruits of the stage are harvested, and it is possible to make the position easy to harvest. The position of the hook portion 10a to be hooked is changed, and when the fruit of the twelfth stage is finally harvested, each strain 1a is cut from the root.

At this point, in the strain 2a belonging to the second strain group 2, the six-stage flower cluster has bloomed, and it is time to harvest the first-stage fruit, and harvesting starts from the fruit. . Then, when it is time to perform hormone treatment on the 11th inflorescence of the strain 2a, a new strain 1a constituting the first strain group 1 is planted between the strains 2a ( 2 (b)), at the time when the hormonal treatment of the 12th inflorescence of the strain 2a belonging to the second strain group 2 is completed (when the harvest of the sixth-stage fruit is completed), the strain 2a Is laid down and hooked on a predetermined hook portion 10a (see FIG. 2 (c)). After that, while changing the hook portion 10a to be hooked, the fruits of the seventh and subsequent stages are harvested, and when the harvest of the fruits of the twelfth stage is completed, the strain 2a is cut near the root, and newly obtained. 11 of strain 1a constituting first plant group 1 planted
When it is time to perform hormonal treatment on the terraced flower clusters, plant a new strain (not shown) constituting the second strain group, and perform exactly the same operations as those shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. Repeat the above steps.

According to the present embodiment, a new seedling (for example, the second strain) is obtained at the stage where the stem and leaves of the previous crop (for example, the strain 1a belonging to the first strain group 1) remain. Since the plant 2a) belonging to the group 2 is planted, the period in which the harvest period is interrupted is short, and continuous or intermittent harvesting is possible. Moreover, before and after the planting of the new seedlings, the stems of the previous crop fall down from the vicinity of the root of the plant, so that the new seedlings can receive sufficient light at the time of young seedlings, compared with conventional means. ,
High yield and high quality fruits are obtained. In addition, since it is not necessary to perform the work of lowering the plant such that the lower part thereof becomes substantially horizontal as it grows as in the related art, it is possible to reduce the damage to the fruit that is likely to occur during the lowering operation.

The method for cultivating fruits and vegetables according to the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. In the above-described embodiment, cultivation is performed with the cultivation container 10 set at a predetermined height. However, a structure may be employed in which the height of the cultivation container 10 can be moved up and down as needed. By being able to move up and down,
For example, in summer, it is possible to perform an operation such as placing the device in a greenhouse at a relatively cool lower position, and in winter, placing the device in a greenhouse at a relatively warm upper position. The temperature environment can be used effectively. In addition, different temperature environments can be effectively used in the greenhouse by lowering the cultivation container 10 downward during the day and raising it upward during the night.

Further, by raising and lowering the cultivation container 10, it is possible to perform an attracting operation when the cultivation container 10 is grown upward, a work of laying down and hooking on the hook portion 10a, a leaf cutting, a mating (hormone treatment), a harvesting operation and the like. It can be easily adjusted to a position where the worker can easily work. In the control work, the pesticide can be easily sprayed by moving the cultivation container 10 up and down on any part of the plant including the front and back surfaces of the leaves. Furthermore, if the cultivation container 10 is positioned above, other crops can be cultivated or seedlings can be grown using the lower space.

The means for moving the cultivation container 10 up and down is not limited, and for example, the apparatus shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 can be used. The apparatus comprises a pair of wires 12 wrapped around a pulley member 14 whose upper end is supported on the ceiling of a greenhouse 11, and a pair of wires 12 movably up and down by the wires 12. And a set of two frames 13 arranged in the section. Frame 13
Are the guide frames 13a as shown in FIG.
And a movable frame 13b to which the wire 12 is connected and which moves up and down along the guide frame 13a. The cultivation container 10 is attached to the movable frame 13b. In addition, the wire 12, the frame 13, the pulley member 14
Are provided at appropriate intervals along the longitudinal direction of the cultivation container 10. Therefore, according to this device, the cultivation container 10 can be moved up and down stably.

As means for pulling the wire 12, a wire (not shown) is connected to a rod (not shown) at the ceiling, and a rack (not shown) is provided on the rod, and a motor (not shown) is provided. Converts the rotational force of a shaft with a pinion (not shown) connected to the wire into linear motion along the length of the greenhouse, thereby pulling or restoring the wire 12 following the movement of the rod. Or other means can be employed. Also, in this case, by providing a plurality of pinions on the shaft at predetermined intervals in the width direction of the greenhouse, the wires 12 provided at predetermined intervals in the width direction of the greenhouse can be pulled at once or returned to the original position. Or
It is good also as a structure which moves up and down a plurality of cultivation containers 10 collectively. Of course, a structure in which a plurality of prime movers and the like are installed and individually moved up and down may be adopted. As means for moving the cultivation container 10 up and down, a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder device or the like can be used in addition to the means using the wire 12 and the pulley member 14.

In the above-described embodiment, for convenience of explanation, the strain 1a constituting the first strain group 1 and the strain 2a constituting the second strain group 2 are separated from each other by the cultivation container 10. Although they are arranged in a line along the longitudinal direction, they are not limited to this. As shown in FIG. 5, both strains 1a and 2a
However, two plants can be planted at intervals in the width direction in one pot-shaped culture medium 10b (so-called two-planting). Further, instead of arranging the pot-shaped medium 10b on a straight line, as shown in FIG.
The pot-shaped medium 10b 'for the strain 2a and the pot-shaped medium 10b''for the strain 2a can be arranged along the cultivation container 10 in a zigzag positional relationship. In this case, it is also possible to plant the strains in a so-called two-row style. Further, as shown in FIG. 6 (b), each of the pot-shaped medium 10b ′ for the strain 1a and the pot-shaped medium 10b ″ for the strain 2a is in a zigzag position along the cultivation container 10. In other words, in the left column of the cultivation container 10, the right side of the cultivation container 10 has a pot-shaped medium 10b 'along the longitudinal direction of the cultivation container 10 and the next has a pot-shaped medium 10b''. In the row, it is also possible to arrange so that the front side becomes the pot-shaped medium 10b ″ and the next side becomes the pot-shaped medium 10b ′.

In the above-described embodiment, the hook portion 10a, which is a stalk support, is protruded from the side of the cultivation container 10. The hook portion 10a is protruded from the upper end of the side of the cultivation container 10. May be provided. Further, as the stem support, a string member may be used instead of the hard hook portion 10a made of metal or plastic, but tied through a hole or the like formed in the cultivation container 10, or an end portion may be tied to the ceiling portion. A string member hung in the vicinity may be used.

[0026]

According to the method for cultivating fruits and vegetables according to the present invention, a new seedling is planted at a stage where the stem and leaves of the previous crop remain, so that the period during which the harvest period is interrupted is short and continuous. Or intermittent harvesting is possible. Moreover, before and after the planting of new seedlings, the stems of the previous crop are laid down from the vicinity of the root of the plant, so that sufficient light can be enjoyed at the time of young seedlings. High quality fruits can be expected. In addition, since it is not necessary to perform the work of lowering the plant such that the lower part thereof becomes substantially horizontal as it grows as in the related art, it is possible to reduce the damage to the fruit that is likely to occur during the lowering operation.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a method for cultivating fruit and vegetables according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a method for cultivating fruit and vegetables according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram showing one mode of an apparatus for vertically moving a cultivation container.

FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a configuration of a frame in the device shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an embodiment in which two strains are planted in one pot-shaped medium.

FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing an aspect in which a pot-shaped medium is placed in a cultivation container.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 1st strain group 1a strain 2 2nd strain group 2a strain 10 Cultivation container 10a Hook part 10b Pot-shaped culture medium

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A method for cultivating fruits and vegetables, wherein a plurality of strains are arranged and grown in a cultivation container, wherein a predetermined interval is provided between adjacent strains, and a first strain group is planted. Growing each of the strains belonging to the first strain group upward until a predetermined time, then pinching, and causing each of the strains belonging to the first strain group to fall down halfway; Before and after the time when each of the strains belonging to the first group of plants falls from the middle, a second
Planting a new strain that constitutes the strain group of the above, after each strain belonging to the first strain group is laid down, the appropriate portion is hooked on a stem support and hung down, and the lower fruit Harvesting the fruits, successively harvesting the fruits while changing the stem support that hooks each of the strains to the stem support at a location farther from the plant, after the harvest, Cutting the strain near the root; growing each strain belonging to the second strain group upward until a predetermined time, and then pinching, and removing each strain belonging to the second strain group. Between the strains belonging to the second strain group before and after the time when each strain belonging to the second strain group falls down halfway.
Planting a new strain that constitutes the strain group of the above, after each of the strains belonging to the second strain group are laid down, the appropriate portion is hooked on a stem support and hung down, and the lower fruit Harvesting the fruits, successively harvesting the fruits while changing the stem support that hooks each of the strains to the stem support at a location farther from the plant, after the harvest, A method for cultivating fruits and vegetables, comprising a step of cutting a strain near the root. 2. The method for cultivating fruits and vegetables according to claim 1, wherein each of the first and second strain groups belongs to one of the previously planted strain groups. A cultivation method for fruits and vegetables, characterized in that the time of lodging from midway is any time from the flowering period of the inflorescence three stages below the pinching position to the end of the hormone treatment of the flower cluster immediately below the pinching position. . 3. The method for cultivating fruit and vegetables according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation container is moved up and down to perform each of the operations.