JP3643143B2 - Tomato cultivation method - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a method for cultivating tomatoes in which fruits are harvested by growing seedlings with cuttings or the like using buds as cuttings.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, the cultivation form of tomato has various things, such as outdoor cultivation, hydroponics, and hydroponic cultivation. Outdoor cultivation is a method of cultivation using soil, hydroponics is a method of cultivation using water, and hydroponic cultivation is performed by planting seedlings in a medium such as rock wool and supplying the nutrient solution. Is the method.
[0003]
Regardless of which cultivation method is used, the seedling is sown in the medium, given appropriate moisture to germinate and root, and after 55 to 60 days from sowing, the seedlings are seeded at the time when the flower buds of the first inflorescence bloom. Allow to plant. By pinching the main branch above the third inflorescence at the time when the third inflorescence of the seedling blooms, the growth of the fruit is promoted together with the suppression of the vegetative growth of the seedling. Through this growth period, the matured fruit can be harvested at a period of 110 to 120 days after sowing.
[0004]
In such tomato cultivation, the period until the flower buds of the first inflorescence are differentiated is called the vegetative growth period, and after the flower buds are differentiated, it is called the reproductive growth period. The plant height at the time of planting reaches 60-80cm.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, in the cultivation where seedlings are grown through such seeding and fixed planting and fruits are harvested from the seedlings, the characteristics of the individual seedlings greatly affect the plant height, cultivation period, fruit harvesting, and the like. For this reason, the good quality thing germinated through sowing is selected, and the one that has a good growth state even at the time of planting and that has the same plant height is selected as a seedling. In that case, the stem diameter is one of the quality judgments.
[0006]
However, even if the seedlings are grown with the same growing conditions at the time of selection, the subsequent growth environment and environmental adaptability greatly affect the growth, resulting in uneven plant height and fruit harvesting, making it difficult to plan and harvest uniform fruits. ing.
[0007]
Then, an object of this invention is to provide the cultivation method of the tomato which implement | achieved the growth uniform and planning of the harvest time of a fruit.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the tomato cultivation method of the present invention is characterized in that a seedling for harvesting fruit is grown while holding a stem in the cuttings or cultivation solution of the buds (31).
[0009]
That is, the present invention according to claim 1, as illustrated in FIG. 1, cuts the buds (31) having flower buds from the grown seedlings (200) and cuts the cut surface (312) of the stems (310) of the buds. After forming a sap film (314) on the sap, the axillary buds (31) are cut into a medium (40) to grow seedlings (20).
[0010]
Further, the present invention described in claim 2 is to cut off the buds (31) having flower buds from the grown seedlings (200), and the sap film (312) on the cut surface (312) of the stem (310) of the buds (31) ( 314) is formed, and then, the cut surface (312) side of the stem of the buds (31) is held in the cultivation liquid and rooted to grow seedlings.
[0011]
Further, the present invention described in claim 3 is to cut off the buds (31) having flower buds from the first seedlings (200) grown by sowing or cutting, and cutting surfaces (310) of the stems (310) of the buds (31) ( 312), a sap film (314) is formed, and then the axillary buds (31) are inserted into the medium (40), or a stem is held in the cultivation liquid to grow a second seedling. Fruit is harvested from the first seedling and the first seedling.
[0012]
Moreover, this invention of Claim 4 prescribed | regulated about the method of forming a membrane | film | coat (314), Comprising: The said membrane | film | coat is formed by air-drying the sap which an bud has by drying the bud.
[0013]
Moreover, this invention of Claim 5 is the method of rooting with a culture medium (40).
[0014]
[Action]
This tomato cultivation method grows seedlings for collecting buds. This seedling may be a seedling for harvesting fruits, and a tomato seedling is grown until it becomes an adult tree by sowing or cutting. Due to the characteristics of tomatoes, these seedlings always grow buds with flower buds in the process of reaching the mature tree. Therefore, the buds to be cut are separated from the seedlings. When the buds are cut off from the adult tree, the sap oozes out on the cut surface of the stem, and a film of this sap is formed on the cut surface of the shoots of the bud. A sprout bud with a film formed is cut into a medium, or a seedling for growing a seed is grown by attaching a stem to a culture solution such as water and rooting. This seedling undergoes pinching and the like in the same manner as the conventional method grown from sowing, and after reproductive growth, the fruit harvest time comes. Here, cutting is a method of asexual propagation of plants, in which a plant stem such as buds is cut out and adventitious roots are generated from the stem to form a new strain. That is, this cultivation method can be used for hydroponics using a culture medium, hydroponics using a culture solution such as water, and the like.
[0015]
When seedlings are grown using such cuttings as a medium, compared to seedlings that have undergone sowing and planting, it is possible to avoid uneven seed quality, and as a result, the growth state becomes uniform and the growth period until the fruit is harvested. Is made common. Further, the fruit harvesting period can be made uniform, fruit harvesting can be carried out in a planned manner, fruit quality is good, and uniform fruit can be harvested.
[0016]
Seedlings can be formed by sowing or cutting. Then, the cultivation method of Claim 3 cuts off the bud which has a flower bud from the 1st seedling grown by sowing or cutting, and forms the film | membrane by a sap on the cut surface of this stem of this bud, Then, this bud The fruit can be harvested from the second seedling and the first seedling by growing the second seedling by cutting into a medium.
[0017]
Moreover, in this cultivation, the buds collected from the mature tree can form a film on the cut surface by air-drying the stem by shade drying. It has been confirmed that when the buds having a film formed by air-drying are inserted in this way, the survival rate is high.
[0018]
And the cuttings of axillary buds may be either water or a medium, and a good survival rate is obtained.
[0019]
Embodiment
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to embodiments shown in the drawings.
[0020]
FIG. 1: has shown the flowchart which is 1st Embodiment of the cultivation method of the tomato of this invention. In this embodiment, a first seedling is grown from sowing, and the second seedling is grown by harvesting the axillary buds of the first seedling and cutting them, and the fruit is harvested.
[0021]
In step S1, the first seedling is cultivated, for example, by hydroponics. This hydroponics is a cultivation method in which water or nutrient solution is circulated through a medium made of rock wool or the like as means for retaining the roots of the plant to supply appropriate moisture or nutrients to the cultivated plant. In the cultivation of seedlings in this embodiment, the cultivation pattern shown in FIG. 2 is taken, and in this embodiment, fruits are also harvested from this seedling. In the cultivation of this seedling, seeding is carried out in a medium, and if it exceeds 10 days from seeding, cotyledons are developed through rooting and germination. Then, when 1 leaf and 2 leaves are developed and 20 days after sowing, the flower buds differentiate. The first inflorescence differentiates, and in the process from over 20 days to 30 days after sowing, 3 leaves and 4 leaves are developed, and the second inflorescence differentiates. In a steady growth state, 30 days and 40 days after sowing, the development of 5 leaves and 6 leaves, the differentiation of the third inflorescence, and 7 leaves and 8 in the process from 40 days to 50 days after sowing. The development of the leaves and the differentiation of the fourth inflorescence are observed, and then the development of 9 and 10 leaves and the flowering of the first inflorescence are observed after 50 days and 60 days after sowing. In addition, the development of 11 and 12 leaves in the process from 60 days to 70 days after sowing, the flowering of the second inflorescence, the development of 13 and 14 leaves in the process from 70 days to 80 days after sowing. The flowering of the third inflorescence can be seen. And 15 leaves and 16 leaves are developed in the period from 80 days after sowing to 90 days.
[0022]
After such differentiation of the first to fourth inflorescences, the flowering of the first to third inflorescences indicates a transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth for attaching fruits. Then, when the first inflorescence is flowered, the seedling is planted in a medium for growing fruits from the medium as a nursery. This is so-called replanting of seedlings. From such a fixed planting, the seedling shifts to reproductive growth, and from the flowering of the first inflorescence to the second and third inflorescences. Usually, in consideration of the fruit harvesting period, harvesting efficiency, quality, etc., after the third inflorescence has opened, that is, the culling is performed between 80 and 90 days after sowing. This pinching leaves the third inflorescence and cuts the tip to forcibly stop the seedling growth. As a result, the reproductive growth of the seedling becomes remarkable.
[0023]
In this seedling, the period from seeding over 50 days to 85 days is a period for growing 8-12 buds, and the period from planting to pinching is set as the bud collection time.
[0024]
FIG. 3 shows the growth state of this seedling. Medium 100 is planted with seedlings 200 of tomatoes grown and planted from sowing, where 0 is the cotyledon, 1 is the 1 leaf, 2 is the 2 leaf, 3 is the 3 leaf, 4 is the 4 leaf, and 5 is the 5 leaf. 6 is 6 leaves, 7 is 7 leaves, 8 is 8 leaves, 9 is 9 leaves, 10 is 10 leaves, 11 is 11 leaves, 12 are leaves, 13 are 13 leaves, 14 are 14 leaves, 21 is the first Inflorescence, 22 indicates the second inflorescence, 23 indicates the third inflorescence, and 31, 32, 33... The buds 31 to be used for cutting are formed between the 8 leaves and the trunk 30, the buds 32 are formed between the 9 leaves and the trunk 30, and the buds 33 are formed between the 10 leaves and the trunk 30. ing.
[0025]
In this embodiment, the first seedling is used not only as a seedling for collecting buds but also as a fruit harvesting seedling, and when it exceeds 120 days from sowing, it shifts to the fruit harvesting time. When smooth growth is expected, the time when 35 days have passed since pinching corresponds to the harvest time. This harvesting period lasts for about 20 days, and the fruit harvesting is finished.
[0026]
Next, in step S2, the grower determines whether the seedling has buds. That is, 60 days is set as a periodical measure from sowing that the seedlings have moved at the time of harvesting the buds in FIG. 2, and if a favorable nutritional state is obtained, it is suitable for harvesting in this period. Axillary buds grow into seedlings. Next, in step S3, the presence or absence of a flower bud in the bud, that is, the presence or absence of a first inflorescence is determined. This is the condition of buds suitable for cutting.
[0027]
In step S4, the buds 31 as shown in FIG. 4 are collected by cutting the buds 31 from the seedlings 200 shown in FIG. Select uniforms, group them into classes, for example, and bundle them together.
[0028]
In step S5, the buds 31 are shaded as the second seedling, and the end surfaces of the stems are air-dried. In this case, the sap oozes out from the cut surface 312 of the stem 310 of the bud 31 and leaves 313 and the like wither as shown in FIG. 5, but a film 314 is formed by air drying. Air drying is performed in the shade for about 2 hours.
[0029]
Next, in step S6, as shown in FIG. 6, this axillary bud 31 is cut into a culture medium 40 made of rock wool or the like, and water is supplied as a cultivation liquid to be entrapped. FIG. 7 shows a state in which the root 315 has grown from the cut surface 312 of the stem 310 of the bud 31 in the culture medium 40, that is, a rooting state from the bud 31. The coating 314 on the cut surface 312 of the stem 310 prevents corrosion of the stem 310 and promotes rooting.
[0030]
In step S7, the cut buds 31 are grown as seedlings, and vegetative growth is promoted by supplying nutrient solution. FIG. 8 shows a vigorous rooting state from the culture medium 40. In this state, the culture medium 40 is inserted into the recess 44 formed in the main culture medium 42 to promote the growth of seedlings made of the buds 31.
[0031]
In step S8, planting is performed, and in step S9, growth by vegetative growth is performed. FIG. 9 shows a fixed planting state. Supported by a plurality of two columns 81, 82, 91, 92, and a horizontal bar 80 bridged between the columns 81, 82, and 91, 92,. The cultivated bench 100 is provided with side plates 104 and 106 on a bottom plate 102 extending in the longitudinal direction to form a bowl shape, and a groove 108 is formed on the side plate 106 side of the bottom plate 102. In the longitudinal direction of the cultivation bench 100, a guide rope 110 is stretched on the support columns 81, 82..., And a guide rope 112 is stretched on the support columns 91, 92. On the bottom plate 102, a strip slab 120 made of rock wool or the like is installed, and on the slab 120, a plurality of rectangular main culture media 42 are installed in an array. Each main medium 42 is planted with seedlings 310 grown from the buds 31. Moreover, in step S9, a tomato is grown on the cultivation bench of FIG. 9, a nutrient solution is intermittently supplied, and growth is promoted.
[0032]
In step S10, culling is performed, and in step S11, reproductive growth of the seedling is promoted. As a result, the seedling 310 grows into an adult tree. However, as shown in FIG. 10, guide ropes 116, 117 between the support columns 81, 82,..., 91, 92,. The guide ropes 116 and 117 are grown in the vertical direction as a means for attracting the extending direction of the tomato. In this embodiment, the one that extends upward binds the stem to the upper guide ropes 116 and 117, and the one that extends downward attracts the stem below the guide ropes 110 and 112 to suspend the stem by the weight of the fruit. After pinching, newly sprouted buds are picked and fruit harvested to promote reproductive growth. In this way, tomato stalks are alternately attracted in the vertical direction to produce fruit, facilitating fruit picking at the time of harvest, facilitating the management of the growing state of the fruit, and irradiating with sunlight. It can be made uniform. In short, the fruit picking work can be facilitated together with the harvesting of fruits of uniform quality.
[0033]
Next, FIG. 11 has shown the cultivation condition by cutting of the bud 31. FIG. In the bud 31 suitable for cutting, the third inflorescence is differentiated in a form independent of the first seedling, and three leaves are developed. In the process from cutting to the 10th, the differentiation of the 4th inflorescence is seen with the development of 4 leaves and 5 leaves. In the process from 10 days to 20 days, the development of 6 and 7 leaves and the flowering of the first inflorescence are seen. At this time, seedlings are planted in a medium. The standard planting is 20 days from cutting, and in the case of cultivation from the sowing shown in FIG. 2, 60 days from sowing was required, but it can be planted in only 20 days.
[0034]
Through this fixed planting, the development of 8 and 9 leaves and the flowering of the second inflorescence can be seen in the period from cutting to 30 days. Next, in the period from 30th day to 40th day after cutting, the development of 10 leaves and 11 leaves and the flowering of the third inflorescence are seen. In the same manner as in the case of sowing, the third inflorescence needs no further vegetative growth in consideration of the fruit harvest period, quality, and the like. Therefore, with the lapse of 45 days from cutting as a target, pinching is performed after the third inflorescence has opened. From this point on, the seedlings with buds 31 are in reproductive growth. In the period up to 50 days after pinching, the development of 12 and 13 leaves is seen, and after 70 days from cutting, the fruit harvest period starts after the period of vegetative growth. Reaching this harvest period is a short period of only 70 days after cutting, while sowing took 120 days from sowing. In this embodiment, it can be seen that a harvest period of about 15 days is obtained.
[0035]
As described above, when the buds are grown as seedlings and the pinching is performed with the flowering of the third inflorescence as a target, the fruit can be harvested in a short time after cutting. In addition, when cutting the buds 31, the buds collected from the parent are air-dried, and the cut surfaces 312 of the stalks 310 are protected by drying their sap to form a film, thereby promoting rooting and survival. The rate can be increased.
[0036]
Note that the buds may be collected as second seedlings from the seedlings in which the buds 31 are grown on adult trees. In this case, the period from the fixed planting to the pinching is the bud collection time.
[0037]
Next, FIG. 12 has shown 2nd Embodiment in the cultivation method of the tomato of this invention. This flowchart collects the sprouts generated in the process from planting to pinching on tomatoes that have grown into mature trees by cutting, and cutting the fruits to harvest the fruits in the cultivation method shown in FIG. . As shown in FIG. 11, in the process from step S8 to step S10 of the tomato grown from cuttings, the process proceeds to step S13, and the buds are collected and selected. That is, the process from step S13 to step S21 is to grow a new seedling from the bud and harvest the fruit in the same process as steps S4 to S12.
[0038]
Next, FIG. 13 shows a tomato cultivation system using the tomato cultivation method of the present invention. In the above cultivation method, since the seedlings for collecting the buds to be cut may be seeded or grown by cutting, this is applied among a plurality of cultivation benches. In this system, for example, four sets of cultivation benches 5A, 5B, 5C, and 5D are installed as a plurality of cultivation benches, and these are provided with a medium such as rock wool, and water or A nutrient solution is circulated or supplied. Then, the tomatoes are grown on the cultivation bench 5A by sowing or cutting, and are planted on the cultivation bench 5B from which the buds generated from the tomato are collected. When the tomatoes grown on this cultivation bench 5B reach from the planting to pinching, the buds are collected and cut on the cultivation bench 5C. Arrows X1, X2, X3, X4,... Indicate operation for collecting buds, air drying, and cutting. Thus, a continuous fruit harvest is obtained by harvesting a fruit from cuttings with several cultivation benches 5A-5D. The difference in the growth period between summer and winter can be achieved by increasing the number of cultivation benches so that the harvest time can be continued.
[0039]
Next, FIG. 14 shows another cultivation system. In this cultivation system, a plurality of cultivation benches 61, 62,... 65 are installed in a plurality of cultivation lanes 6A, 6B, 6C, 6D, respectively, and in the cultivation bench 61, harvesting time 614 is obtained through sowing 610, planting 612, pinching, and the like. Greet. Then, the buds are collected from the cultivation bench 62 side of the cultivation lane 6B on the cultivation bench 61 side, which has reached the time of pinching, and the cuttings 615 are performed on the cultivation bench 62 side of the cultivation lane 6A, and seedlings for harvesting are obtained. Grow. In this way, the buds are collected from the cultivation benches 61 to 65 of the lanes 6A to 6D in the process from the fixed planting to the culling with respect to the vacant spaces of the cultivation benches 61 to 65 between the lanes 6A to 6D, and the seedlings are grown by cutting. Let By repeating such mutual bud collection, cutting, and harvesting, tomatoes can be harvested throughout the year, and products of good quality can be provided to the market.
[0040]
Next, FIG. 15 shows another tomato cultivation system using the tomato cultivation method of the present invention. In this cultivation system, a nursery bed 7A and a plurality of cultivation beds 7B to 7D are installed, and a nutrient solution is supplied to the nursery bed 7A and the cultivation beds 7B to 7D through the nutrient solution supply system 70. . The nursery bed 7A grows seedlings for collecting buds, and the cultivation beds 7B to 7D grow seedlings for fruit harvesting. Arrow 72 indicates the supply of cuttings from bud collection. In this embodiment, the growth of the seedling and the seedling for harvesting can be grown independently, and the management of the seedling for collecting buds can be facilitated.
[0041]
In the above embodiment, hydroponics has been mainly described. However, the same cultivation method holds the stems of buds in the cultivation bench in the same manner as cuttings, and supplies the cultivation liquid such as water, thereby cutting the cuttings. Fruits can be harvested as in the case.
[0042]
【Example】
Axillary buds were collected from the seedlings, and cuttings were performed by comparing the ones that were not air-dried with the cut surfaces of the stems of the axillary buds. In that case, when it is not air-dried, it has been confirmed that the sap exudes from the stem cut surface of the collected buds, which rots the stem in the medium and leads to death. Therefore, there was a problem that the survival rate was low even after cutting.
[0043]
On the other hand, in the air-dried buds, the sap is dried on the cut surface of the stem to form a film, and this film serves as a protective film and can prevent the growth and invasion of spoilage bacteria. Air-drying will kill the buds over a long period of time, but in the shade-drying for about 2 hours, the wilting is confirmed, but it is in a state where it can be regenerated with water. It was confirmed that the survival rate by was increased.
[0044]
In addition, the seedlings grown by cuttings of buds can be mechanically aligned with the length of the buds at the time of collection, how to thicken the leaves, the thickness of the stems, etc. During the harvest period, the quality of the harvested fruits can be aligned.
[0045]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the following effects can be obtained.
a. As a result of air-drying the buds collected from the seedlings and holding them in cuttings or a culture solution, the survival rate of the seedlings by the buds can be increased.
b. Since seedlings are grown from the buds by cuttings, etc., the growth state of the seedlings can be mechanically adjusted, and the harvest time of the fruits can be aligned and the fruits to be harvested can be made uniform.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing a first embodiment of a tomato cultivation method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing cultivation of seedlings in the first embodiment of the tomato cultivation method of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a view showing seedlings for collecting buds.
FIG. 4 is a view showing collected axillary buds.
FIG. 5 is a view showing air-dried buds.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing axillary buds cut into a medium.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a rooting state from stems of buds.
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing seedling transplantation.
FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing a planting state of a planted seedling.
FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a growing state of a tomato that has been harvested.
FIG. 11 is a diagram showing cultivation from cutting to fruit harvesting.
FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing a second embodiment of the tomato cultivation method of the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing a cultivation system using the tomato cultivation method of the present invention.
FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of a cultivation form using the tomato cultivation method of the present invention.
FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing another cultivation system using the tomato cultivation method of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
31 buds (second seedlings)
40 medium 200 seedling (first seedling)
310 Stem 312 Cut surface 314 Film

Claims (5)

A method for cultivating tomatoes, comprising: separating a sprout having flower buds from a grown seedling, forming a film of sap on a cut surface of the stem of the sprout, and then cutting the sprout into a medium to grow the seedling. After separating the buds with flower buds from the grown seedlings and forming a film of sap on the cut surfaces of the stems of these buds, the cut surface side of the stems of these buds is held in the cultivation liquid and rooted. Growing a tomato, After separating the sprouts with flower buds from the first seedlings grown by sowing or cutting, a sap film is formed on the cut surface of the stems of the sprouts, and then the stems are retained in the cuttings or in the cultivation liquid. And growing a second seedling, and harvesting fruit from the second seedling and the first seedling. 2. The method for cultivating tomatoes according to claim 1, wherein the film is formed by drying the sap of the buds by air-drying the buds. The method for cultivating tomatoes according to claim 1, wherein the stems of the buds are rooted by cutting into the medium.

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