CN108633601A - The method of multiple bud grafting and breeding nutritive cube peach seedling is utilized in winter greenhouse - Google Patents
The method of multiple bud grafting and breeding nutritive cube peach seedling is utilized in winter greenhouse Download PDFInfo
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- CN108633601A CN108633601A CN201810566529.8A CN201810566529A CN108633601A CN 108633601 A CN108633601 A CN 108633601A CN 201810566529 A CN201810566529 A CN 201810566529A CN 108633601 A CN108633601 A CN 108633601A
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- grafting
- bud
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- nutritive cube
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
Abstract
The invention discloses include using the method for multiple bud grafting and breeding nutritive cube peach seedling, step in a kind of winter greenhouse：(1) stock seed pre-treatment；(2) stock seed, which is placed in freezer, refrigerates vernalization；(3) it sows；(4) stock culture and screening；(5) scion acquires：The full fruitful branch of sprout is acquired from maternal plant as scion；(6) winter is grafted：Full multiple bud in the middle part of scion is chosen, the bud tablets with multiple bud is taken with wooden cut, the interface more slightly longer than bud tablets is cut at the smooth place of stock base portion, is grafted；(7) cut anvil is deflorated after grafting；(8) it is managed after grafting deflorates；(9) it is out of the garden.Peach seedling is grafted in winter in the present invention, and spring is out of the garden, and shortens growing-seedling period.Stock is directly grown in nutritive cube, and damage of the lifting to peach seedling root system is avoided, and improves peach seedling planting survival rates.Nutrition pot seedling can be colonized with the anniversary and be survived.Grafting carries out indoors, avoids conventional seedbed system grafting from being carried out in high temperature season, reduces grafting labor intensity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to, using the method for multiple bud grafting and breeding nutritive cube peach seedling, belong to cultivation of fruit tree skill in a kind of greenhouse
Art field.
Background technology
High-quality peach seedling is the basis of peach garden building well, and in peach produces, the peach nursery stock that all building wells use is grafting
Wood.At present in southern peach seedling raising process, substantially all nursery stocks are all the outdoor sowing used, open country grafting, winter lifting
Method.Often occur outdoor sowing germination it is irregular, summer grafting high-temperature operation labor intensity is big, winter lifting peach seedling root system damage
The problems such as wound is serious, and planting survival rates are low after the germination of spring bare-root seeding wood.
Invention content
It is an object of the present invention to provide the method for multiple bud grafting and breeding nutritive cube peach seedling is utilized in a kind of winter greenhouse.
To realize above-mentioned target, the present invention provides multiple bud grafting and breeding nutritive cube peach seedling is utilized in a kind of winter greenhouse
Method, step includes：
(1), the pre-treatment of stock seed：August part chooses the full seed of current year harvesting, without the fresh of apparent disease pest harm
Wild peach seed, then pre-treatment；
(2) the refrigeration vernalization of stock seed：Seed, which is placed in freezer, after processing refrigerates vernalization；
(3) it sows：Refrigeration seed, which is directly seeded in nutritive cube, waits for its germination；
(4) stock culture and screening：It is long to starting to apply fertilizer after 15cm after stock germination, pinching when 30 ㎝ of height of seedling~35 ㎝；
(5) scion acquires：From robust growth in kind cutting orchard or production garden, the maternal plant without quarantine pest and disease damage,
The fruitful branch that tree crown periphery or middle part acquisition growth are normal, sprout is full is as scion；
(6) winter is grafted：Grafting work carries out in 1 to 2 month next year greenhouse, chooses full multiple bud, band in the middle part of scion
It is wooden to cut the bud tablets for taking the multiple bud of band, the interface more slightly longer than bud tablets is cut at the smooth place of stock base portion, is grafted, and when grafting will answer
Bud exposes；
(7) cut anvil is deflorated after grafting：Stock all cut at 1~2 blade in top of buddering after grafting, wait for scion at
It after work, is expanded in bud, completely not open preceding removal peach blossom；
(8) it is managed after grafting deflorates：After spike length waiting length, all sublateral shoots for erasing on stock；
(9) it is out of the garden：It can be out of the garden with nutritive cube after spike length waiting to certain length.
Preferably, the pre-treatment of seed is to impregnate 20% saline solution of seed in step (1), and rejecting floats on solution water
The seed in face；After remaining seed removes kind of shell, the seed with kind skin is impregnated with clear water, rejects float on the shrivelled of the water surface again
Seed；Remaining seed clear water is impregnated into for 24 hours fully water suction；75% alcohol of seed is impregnated 2 minutes later, uses sterile water
Cleaning 3 times.
Preferably, seed is positioned in the container of bottom humid in step (2), preservative film sealing be placed in 4 degrees Celsius it is cold
In library, the refrigeration period is 50d, intermediate routine observation, and sterile water is replenished in time in when container bottom water shortage.
Preferably, in step (3) nutritive cube mesostroma select soil, peat soil and carbendazim mixed-matrix, soil：Mud
Charcoal soil：Carbendazim=500：:499:1；Nutritive cube after planting is placed in 22~25 degrees Celsius of germinations, emergence, during germination not
It is periodically sprayed water with equipment of sprinkler irrigation, to keep nutritive cube matrix to moisten.
Preferably, 0.5g/L urea foliage-sprays are used in step (4), 1 times a week；15 ㎝ or less of base portion is removed after pinching
Branch, while retaining radical leaves.
Preferably, multiple bud will select the multiple bud that a leaf one flower, a leaf Lonicera Japonica or two leaves one are spent in step (6), cut
It is 3 ± 1cm to take bud tablets length, and interface is located at 15 ± 2cm of stock base portion, then interface exposes xylem by scion bud tablets and anvil
The alignment of the forming layer on the both sides of the wooden interface or one side is adjacent to, then with special plastic graft strip by graft union Bao Yan, tighten, binding is transferred
Multiple bud is exposed when tape splicing.
Preferably, the stock for top of buddering all is cut in 3d~5d after grafting in step (7), waits for that scion survives
Afterwards, it is expanded in bud, completely not open preceding removal peach blossom.
Preferably, in step (8) after spike length to 15cm waiting, all sublateral shoots erased on stock, nutritive cube is interior to be used
Composite fertilizer's top dressing, while monthly spraying 0.5g/L urea 2 times.
Preferably, scion is out of the garden after growing to 50cm in step (9).
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows：
1, peach seedling is grafted in winter, by winter in warm indoor growing, spring can seedling be out of the garden sale, substantially reduce
During conventional seedbed system, period that summer grafting, winter lifting, spring next year are out of the garden.
2, grafting operation carries out indoors, can divide the work, pipelined operation, avoids conventional seedbed system grafting in high temperature season
It carries out, greatly reduces the labor intensity of grafting work.
3, winter graft when branch is directly acquired from stock tree, with take with, during reducing conventional seedbed system, winter
The link that scion branch refrigerates or sand is hidden.
4, winter is grafted, and can make full use of the branch cut when winter pruning, reduces the quantity of winter branch discarding.
5, stock is directly grown in nutritive cube, is eliminated the work of winter lifting, is avoided the damage to peach seedling root system, simultaneously
Nutrition pot seedling can be colonized with the anniversary and be survived, and can meet anniversary building well needs, avoid southern conventional peach seedling, the Ching Ming Festival after germinate after
The low problem of planting survival rates.
6, the seed of current year harvesting directly sowing germination after refrigeration, is substantially shorter stock and cultivates the time, meanwhile, refrigeration
Germination is neat, germination percentage is high, avoid stock seed outdoor sowing germination percentage in conventional seedbed system it is low, emergence it is irregular existing
As.
7, using band xylem bud grafting method, each bud tablets only need a multiple bud, more save scion dosage, winter is spent again
Bud grafting can be substantially reduced from being grafted onto the period being out of the garden, meanwhile, lifting after conventional peach seedling will generally fall leaves in winter,
It can be planted later, be out of the garden field planting when spring.But as Spring In Southern temperature increases, conventional seedling generally can be in Clear and Bright left and right
Rudiment grows blade, and survival rate can reduce when being colonized again at this time, and nutrition pot seedling due in warm indoor growing, being not present the winter always
Season fallen leaves, the rudiment of spring next year the problem of, and due to nutrition pot seedling without winter lifting (by nursery stock from ground Li Liangen dig
Go out), root system is complete, and planting survival rates are unaffected after Clear and Bright.
Specific implementation mode
Embodiment 1
Include using the method for multiple bud grafting and breeding nutritive cube peach seedling, step in this greenhouse：
(1), the pre-treatment of stock seed
Part of in August, 2017 chooses the full seed of current year harvesting, the fresh seeds without the harm of apparent disease pest；Seed is used
20% saline solution impregnates, and rejects the seed for floating on the solution water surface；It, will be with kind skin after remaining seed removes kind of shell (endocarp)
Seed is impregnated with clear water, rejects the shrivelled seed for floating on the water surface again；Remaining seed clear water is impregnated into for 24 hours fully water suction；
75% alcohol of seed is impregnated 2 minutes later, uses sterile water wash 3 times.
(2) the refrigeration vernalization of stock seed
Wild peach seed after screening is positioned in the container of bottom humid by part of in August, 2017, and container bottom places moistening
Aseptic filter paper moisturizing will hold seed-bearing container preservative film sealing and be placed in 4 degrees Celsius of freezers, and periodically take out seed later
Sowing counts germination percentage.With the extension of cold preservation time, percentage of seedgermination increases, until when the refrigeration period is 50d, seed tip
Part endotesta cracking, illustrates that seed will germinate, and sowing counts percentage of seedgermination up to 94.5%.
The comparison of the different cold preservation time wild peach percentages of seedgermination of table 1
| Processing | Average germination percentage (mean+SD) |
| Deepfreeze 10d | 25.7±9 |
| Deepfreeze 25d | 46.4±11 |
| Deepfreeze 35d | 60.7±7 |
| Deepfreeze 50d | 94.5±10 |
(3) it sows
Refrigeration seed is directly seeded in nutritive cube, nutritive cube mesostroma selects the mixed of soil, peat soil and carbendazim
Close matrix, soil：Peat soil：Carbendazim=500：:499:1；Nutritive cube after planting is placed in 22~25 degrees Celsius of germinations, is gone out
Seedling is irregularly sprayed water with equipment of sprinkler irrigation during germination, to keep nutritive cube matrix to moisten.
(4) stock culture and screening
Start to apply fertilizer after stock germination length to 15cm, using 0.5g/L urea foliage-sprays, 1 times a week.30 ㎝ of height of seedling
Pinching when~35 ㎝ removes 15 ㎝ of base portion branches below, but to retain radical leaves in time.Prevention powdery mildew, red spider in time
The pest and disease damages such as spider, chafer, oriental fruit months.
(5) scion acquires
It is test variety to choose red No. 3 nectarine of Zijin in January, 2018 in the cutting orchard of Jiangsu Province Agriculture Science Institute, is being grown
On the healthy and strong, maternal plant without quarantine pest and disease damage, tree crown periphery is chosen, the fruitful branch that middle part growth is normal, sprout is full.Acquire branch
Item is directly grafted.
(6) winter is grafted
Full multiple bud in the middle part of scion is chosen, with the wooden bud tablets cut and the band of 3 ± 1cm long is taken to answer bud.Select a leaf one
The multiple bud of flower, a leaf Lonicera Japonica or two leaves one flower.It is in smooth place in 15 ± 2cm of stock base portion and cuts more slightly longer than bud tablets connect
Mouthful, expose xylem and be then aligned the forming layer on both sides or one side that scion bud tablets and stock cut mouth and be adjacent to, then with special modeling
Expect graft strip by graft union Bao Yan, tighten, will multiple bud exposing when paying attention to binding graft strip.Grafting work is in January, 2018
It carries out.
(7) cut anvil is deflorated after grafting
3d~5d all cuts stock at 1~2 blade in top of buddering after grafting.After buddering and surviving, bud meeting
It expands and blooms, need to expand in bud, completely open preceding hand removal peach blossom.It is counted on 2 10th, 2018, is grafted
Seedling quantity is 500 plants, and the peach seedling quantity of grafting survival is 481 plants.
(8) it is managed after grafting deflorates
After spike length to 15cm waiting, all sublateral shoots erased on stock, nutritive cube is interior using composite fertilizer's top dressing, while often
The moon sprays 0.5g/L urea 2 times.
Composite fertilizer is compound potassium sulfate fertilizer.Manufacturer：Jiangsu bohr agricultural development Co., Ltd；Brand：Bohr；
Model：N-P2O5-K2O；15 phosphorus of nitrogen, 15 potassium, 15 total nutrient >=45%.
(9) it is out of the garden
It can be out of the garden with nutritive cube after spike length waiting to 50cm, damage when avoiding autumn and winter lifting to root system.Together
When can meet anniversary building well needs, avoid conventional peach seedling, the Ching Ming Festival after the low problem of planting survival rates.Grafting nursery stock is existed
On April 10th, 2018 and on May 10th, 2018, secondary in two batches to be colonized in big Tanaka, it is 100 plants, 2018 5 to be colonized quantity every time
The investigation of the moon 25 field planting peach seedling all survives, and grows fine.
Claims (9)
1. including using the method for multiple bud grafting and breeding nutritive cube peach seedling, step in a kind of winter greenhouse：
(1), the pre-treatment of stock seed：August part chooses the full seed of current year harvesting, the fresh wild peach without the harm of apparent disease pest
Seed, then pre-treatment；
(2) the refrigeration vernalization of stock seed：Seed, which is placed in freezer, after processing refrigerates vernalization；
(3) it sows：Refrigeration seed, which is directly seeded in nutritive cube, waits for its germination；
(4) stock culture and screening：It is long to starting to apply fertilizer after 15cm after stock germination, pinching when 30 ㎝ of height of seedling~35 ㎝；
(5) scion acquires：From robust growth in kind cutting orchard or production garden, the maternal plant without quarantine pest and disease damage, in tree crown
The fruitful branch that periphery or middle part acquisition growth are normal, sprout is full is as scion；
(6) winter is grafted：Grafting work was carried out 1 to 2 month next year, chooses full multiple bud in the middle part of scion, band is taken with wooden cut
The bud tablets of multiple bud, the interface more slightly longer than bud tablets is cut at the smooth place of stock base portion, is grafted；
(7) cut anvil is deflorated after grafting：Stock is all cut at 1~2 blade in top of buddering after grafting, waits for that scion survives
Afterwards, it is expanded in bud, completely not open preceding removal peach blossom；
(8) it is managed after grafting deflorates：After spike length to certain altitude waiting, all sublateral shoots for erasing on stock；
(9) it is out of the garden：It can be out of the garden with nutritive cube after spike length waiting to certain length.
2. utilizing the method for multiple bud grafting and breeding nutritive cube peach seedling, feature in winter greenhouse according to claim 1
It is：The pre-treatment of seed is to impregnate 20% saline solution of wild peach seed in step (1), rejects the kind for floating on the solution water surface
Son；After remaining seed removes kind of shell, the seed with kind skin is impregnated with clear water, rejects the shrivelled seed for floating on the water surface again；
Remaining seed clear water is impregnated into for 24 hours fully water suction；75% alcohol of seed is impregnated 2 minutes later, uses sterile water wash 3
It is secondary.
3. utilizing the method for multiple bud grafting and breeding nutritive cube peach seedling, feature in winter greenhouse according to claim 2
It is：Seed is positioned in the container of bottom humid by step in (2), and preservative film sealing is placed in 4 degrees Celsius of freezers, refrigeration week
Phase is 50d, intermediate routine observation, and sterile water is replenished in time in when container bottom water shortage.
4. utilizing the method for multiple bud grafting and breeding nutritive cube peach seedling, feature in winter greenhouse according to claim 3
It is：Nutritive cube mesostroma selects the mixed-matrix of soil, peat soil and carbendazim, soil in step (3)：Peat soil：More bacterium
Spirit=500：:499:1；Nutritive cube after planting is placed in 22~25 DEG C of germinations, emergence, equipment of sprinkler irrigation is irregularly used during germination
Water spray, to keep nutritive cube matrix to moisten.
5. utilizing the method for multiple bud grafting and breeding nutritive cube peach seedling, feature in winter greenhouse according to claim 4
It is：0.5g/L urea foliage-sprays are used in step (4), 1 times a week；15 ㎝ of base portion branches below are removed after pinching, together
When retain radical leaves.
6. utilizing the method for multiple bud grafting and breeding nutritive cube peach seedling, feature in winter greenhouse according to claim 5
It is：Multiple bud selects the multiple bud that a leaf one flower, a leaf Lonicera Japonica or two leaves one are spent in step (6), and it is 3 to cut and take bud tablets length
± 1cm, interface are located at 15 ± 2cm of stock base portion, then interface exposes xylem by the both sides of scion bud tablets and stock interface
Or the forming layer alignment on one side is adjacent to, then with special plastic graft strip by graft union Bao Yan, tighten, by bud when binding graft strip
Expose.
7. utilizing the method for multiple bud grafting and breeding nutritive cube peach seedling, feature in winter greenhouse according to claim 6
It is：The stock for top of buddering all is cut in 3d~5d after grafting in step (7), it is swollen in bud after scion survives
Greatly, completely not open preceding removal peach blossom.
8. utilizing the method for multiple bud grafting and breeding nutritive cube peach seedling, feature in winter greenhouse according to claim 7
It is：In step (8) after spike length to 15cm waiting, all sublateral shoots erased on stock, nutritive cube is interior to use composite fertilizer's top dressing,
Monthly spray 0.5g/L urea 2 times simultaneously.
9. utilizing the method for multiple bud grafting and breeding nutritive cube peach seedling, feature in winter greenhouse according to claim 8
It is：Scion is out of the garden after growing to 50cm in step (9).
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| CN201810566529.8A CN108633601A (en) | 2018-06-05 | 2018-06-05 | The method of multiple bud grafting and breeding nutritive cube peach seedling is utilized in winter greenhouse |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112425388A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-03-02 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Grafting seedling raising method for sterculia plants |
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| CN112425388A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-03-02 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Grafting seedling raising method for sterculia plants |
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Application publication date: 20181012 |