CN112273130A

CN112273130A - Method for planting apple trees in southern Xinjiang desert area

Info

Publication number: CN112273130A
Application number: CN202011343841.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘丽; 高登涛; 魏志峰; 石彩云; 刘军伟
Original assignee: Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute CAAS
Current assignee: Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute CAAS
Priority date: 2020-11-25
Filing date: 2020-11-25
Publication date: 2021-01-29

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for planting apple trees in Xinjiang southern Xinjiang desert areas, and relates to a planting method of apple trees. Comprises storing and preserving in a cold storage; leveling the land before planting and improving the soil; making planting furrows, fertilizing and back filling; putting the wheat seeds on a drip irrigation belt, and spraying the wheat seeds on the planting rows while dripping water; permanent planting in the first 4-month ten days of each year; after field planting, fixing the stem, and reserving 2-3 plump bud short sections above a grafting opening; meanwhile, a plastic film or a black non-woven fabric is coated along the planting rows to preserve soil moisture and heat; the distance between the trunk and the ground is more than 20-30 cm, and the trunk is completely wound and wrapped by plastic adhesive tapes from the position flush with the ground to the position 20cm away from the ground; grass is grown between the rows 50cm or so from the planted rows. By adopting the method for planting the apple trees, the survival rate of the apple trees can reach more than 95 percent, the seedlings in the built orchard grow well, the trunks are thick and strong, the branches are full, the eyes of the buds are full, the rapid forming can be realized, and the fruiting is promoted.

Description

Method for planting apple trees in southern Xinjiang desert area

Technical Field

The invention relates to a planting method of apple trees.

Background

The produced apples are rich in flavor, especially Aksu apples are popular in south China because of sufficient illumination, high effective accumulated temperature, large day and night temperature difference, less rainfall in growing season, dry air, strong ultraviolet rays and no pollution in the southern Xinjiang area of China. Therefore, the apple industry becomes the pillar industry of the southern Xinjiang forest fruit industry and plays an important role in the southern Xinjiang economic development.

However, in the development process of the apple industry in south China, due to frequent natural disasters, dry water shortage in spring, serious land desertification, large sand blown by wind, frequent tree body bite of hares, and backward cultivation management, seedling planting is not easy to survive, and the development of the apple industry in south China is influenced. At present, the field planting in southern Xinjiang area is commonly carried out by the traditional planting technology: few seedlings are stored in a cold storage, and the seedlings are planted after being thawed, the soil is not improved before being planted, the fixed dry height is high after being planted, no crop is moisturized and fixed sand is arranged in rows, no grass is grown between the rows and the like, so that the survival rate of the seedlings is low, and the growth vigor is poor.

In addition, when the trees are transplanted in spring, the root systems of the trees are easily damaged mechanically, so that nutrients and water required for the growth of the trees are blocked, the trees are gradually withered, and the transplanting survival rate is reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems of low fixed value survival rate and poor growth vigor of apple trees in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the method for field planting the apple trees, which can obviously improve the survival rate of the apples, enables the planted apples to grow well and to bear fruits in advance and is suitable for the desert area in south Xinjiang.

The invention relates to a method for field planting apple trees in southern Xinjiang desert areas, which comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the steps of storing and preserving the nursery stock before planting in a refrigeration house with the temperature of 0-4 ℃ and the humidity of 95-100%;

land leveling and soil improvement are carried out before planting;

opening planting furrows, fertilizing, and backfilling; putting the wheat seeds on a drip irrigation belt, and spraying the wheat seeds on the planting rows while dripping water;

fourth, permanent planting is carried out in the middle-upper ten days of 4 months every year;

fifthly, after the field planting, fixing the stem in a low way, and reserving 2-3 plump bud short sections above the grafting opening; meanwhile, a plastic film or a black non-woven fabric is coated along the planting rows to preserve soil moisture and heat; the distance between the trunk and the ground is more than 20-30 cm, and the trunk is completely wound and wrapped by plastic adhesive tapes from the position flush with the ground to about 20cm away from the ground;

sixthly, generating grass between lines which are 50cm away from the fixed planting lines.

The low fixed stem means that the distance between the arbor anvil and the self-rooted anvil is 15-20 cm above the ground, and the distance between the middle anvil and the ground is 20-30 cm above the ground.

Wherein, the prior art can be arbitrarily selected for watering, material setting and other field management after field planting without limitation.

Preferably, the steps of:

A. uniformly turning the land;

B. applying the mixture A according to 100-120 kg/mu, and covering the film for 10 days;

C. applying the mixture A according to 50-60 kg/mu, and keeping the film covering for 5 days;

D. uniformly turning and flattening the land;

the mixture A is obtained by crushing apples to 5-10 meshes, mixing the crushed apples with wheat seeds and water according to the mass ratio of 5:3:100, and composting for 60 days at 25-35 ℃.

In a further preferred embodiment, step fifthly further comprises: and inserting the nutrient blocks into the tops of the trunk and the branches of the nursery stock after trunk fixation from the date of field planting.

The nutrient block is preferably composed of a water absorption and moisture preservation material containing nutrient solution and a water loss prevention material wrapped outside the water absorption and moisture preservation material. More preferably, the nutrition block is prepared by the following method:

and soaking the water-absorbing and moisture-preserving material in the nutrient solution, taking out the water-absorbing and moisture-preserving material after 12-24 hours, and wrapping the outer surface of the water-absorbing and moisture-preserving material.

In a more preferred embodiment, the planting furrows are 30cm to 50cm deep and 50cm wide.

In another more preferred embodiment, the water-retaining agent is added while applying the fertilizer.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: by adopting the method for planting the apple trees, the survival rate of the apple trees can reach more than 95 percent, the seedlings in the built orchard grow well, the trunks are thick and strong, the branches are full, the eyes of the buds are full, the rapid forming can be realized, and the fruiting is promoted.

In the preferred embodiment, the method optimizes the land before field planting by using the waste apples, improves the soil environment, promotes apple trees to root, and improves the transplanting survival rate of seedlings.

In a more preferable embodiment, the nutrition supply block is inserted at the top end of the trunk or on the branch when the seedling is transplanted and planted or the root system of the tree is damaged and the absorption and supply capacity is reduced, so that the seedling or the tree can be continuously supplied with nutrition in the root-slowing period, the survival rate of the seedling is improved, and the tree can be promoted to recover from growth early.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below.

Example 1

A method for planting apple trees in Xinjiang south Xinjiang desert areas comprises the following steps:

preparing seedlings: storing and preserving the nursery stock before planting in a cold storage with the temperature of 0-4 ℃ and the humidity of 95-100% until the nursery stock does not sprout before planting;

improving soil before planting: crushing apples to 5-10 meshes in autumn one year before field planting, mixing the crushed apples with wheat seeds and water according to the mass ratio of 5:3:100, and carrying out stack retting at the temperature of 25-35 ℃ for 60 days to obtain a mixture A;

firstly, uniformly turning the land; then applying the mixture A according to 100-120 kg/mu, and covering the film for 10 days; applying the mixture A according to 50-60 kg/mu, and keeping the film covering for 5 days;

pulling the planting rows before planting in spring of the year, opening planting furrows with the depth of 30-50 cm and the width of 50cm, applying turfy soil or decomposed organic fertilizer or biological bacterial fertilizer and water-retaining agent to the acres before planting, and back filling.

(3) And (3) feeding a drip irrigation tape: and 3, water is dripped, and meanwhile, wheat seeds are scattered in the planting rows to help the seedlings to preserve soil moisture and fix sand.

(4) Planting: permanent planting in the first 4-month ten days of each year; determining planting points according to the row spacing of the seedlings, and digging small pits at the planting points for planting the seedlings. Ensure the root system of the seedling to be trampled and the trunk to be vertical to the ground.

(5) Managing after planting: and (3) after field planting, fixing the seedling at a low position, and reserving 2-3 plump bud cutlets (the distance between a tree stock and a self-rooted stock is 15-20 cm above the ground, and the distance between an intermediate stock and the ground is 20-30 cm above the ground) above a grafting opening. After planting, drip irrigation is carried out, water is dripped, and soil is timely supplemented in open places. And dripping water every 3-4 days until the seedlings root, growing young shoots to about 20cm, and then carrying out normal drip irrigation management.

After planting, plastic films (white and black) or black non-woven fabrics with the width of about 50cm are covered on the planting rows to preserve soil moisture and heat.

The trunk is more than 20-30 cm away from the ground, and the trunk is completely wrapped by plastic adhesive tapes from the position flush with the ground to about 20cm away from the ground, so that the hares are prevented from biting the tree bodies.

(6) Inserting a nutrition block: in addition to normal field management, from the date of field planting, the nutrient blocks are inserted into the trunk of the seedling and the top ends of the large branches until the seedling survives.

The preparation process of the nutrition block comprises the following steps: and soaking the water-absorbing and moisture-preserving material in the nutrient solution, and taking out the outer cover of the water-loss-preventing material after 12-24 hours. For convenience of use, the nutritional block may be trimmed, without limitation, to a cylinder having a diameter of about 5-10 times the diameter of the trunk or branches. Or can be trimmed into any shape capable of wrapping the trunk and branches of the seedling.

(7) Inter-row grass growing: drip irrigation tapes are arranged between the rows which are about 50cm away from the planting rows, and water is regularly dripped to grow the grass. Can grow grass naturally or breed grass artificially, preserve moisture and moisture, prevent wind and fix sand.

Control group 1

The steps are omitted, and the rest are the same as those in embodiment 1.

Control group 2

Step (6) was omitted, and the rest was the same as in example 1.

Control group 3

The two processes (6) without steps, the others being the same as those in embodiment 1.

In the four groups, three apple varieties of Fuji superior line, Huashuo and early-maturing Fuji are simultaneously selected for planting in each group, 10 apple varieties are treated in each group, and 3 apple varieties are treated in each group repeatedly, so that the total number of the apple varieties is 30. The activity of each composition obtained is shown in the following table.

Compared with other treatments, the transplanting survival rate of 3 varieties in the example 1 is higher, wherein the transplanting survival rate of early-maturing Fuji is 95.4%, the transplanting survival rate of the Fuji elite line is 92.1%, the transplanting survival rate of the Huashuo is 90.5%, and the transplanting survival rates are obviously higher than those of the three control groups.

The above-mentioned serial numbers of the embodiments of the present invention are merely for description and do not represent the merits of the embodiments.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims

1. A method for planting apple trees in Xinjiang south Xinjiang desert areas is characterized by comprising the following steps:

land leveling and soil improvement are carried out before planting;

fifthly, after the field planting, fixing the stem in a low way, and reserving 2-3 plump bud short sections above the grafting opening; meanwhile, a plastic film or a black non-woven fabric is coated along the planting rows to preserve soil moisture and heat; winding and wrapping the trunk with a plastic adhesive tape from the position flush with the ground to the position 20cm away from the ground;

sixthly, generating grass between lines 50cm away from the fixed planting lines.

2. The method for field planting apple trees in southern Xinjiang desert areas as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

A. uniformly turning the land;

D. uniformly turning and flattening the land;

3. The method of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that step fifthly further comprises: and inserting the nutrient blocks into the tops of the trunk and the branches of the nursery stock after trunk fixation from the date of field planting.

4. The method for planting apple trees in southern Xinjiang according to claim 3, wherein the nutrient blocks comprise a water-absorbing and moisture-preserving material containing nutrient solution and a water loss preventing material wrapped outside the water-absorbing and moisture-preserving material.

5. The method for field planting apple trees in southern Xinjiang desert areas as claimed in claim 4, wherein the nutrition block is prepared by the following method:

6. The method for planting apple trees in southern Xinjiang desert areas of claim 5, wherein the planting furrows are 30-50 cm deep and 50cm wide.

7. The method for field planting apple trees in southern Xinjiang desert areas as claimed in claim 6, wherein the fertilizer is applied while the water-retaining agent is added.