CN111034478A

CN111034478A - Planting method of soft-seed pomegranate

Info

Publication number: CN111034478A
Application number: CN201811192673.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 周绪来; 张祖辉; 廖海南; 叶长庚
Original assignee: Liuyang Yintian Firework Manufacturing Co ltd
Current assignee: Liuyang Yintian Firework Manufacturing Co ltd
Priority date: 2018-10-13
Filing date: 2018-10-13
Publication date: 2020-04-21

Abstract

The invention relates to a planting method of soft-seed pomegranates, which comprises the following steps: step one, culturing seedlings by using a matrix; planting and planting; step three, field management; step four, introducing young chicken feeding and straw fertilizer making; step five, bagging; harvesting fruits; and seventhly, performing cold-resistant management in winter. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the bagasse is added into the planting holes, so that the fertility is increased, the good soil is improved, the environment resistance of the planting holes is enhanced, and the survival quantity and quality of the planted seedlings are improved.

Description

Planting method of soft-seed pomegranate

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of melon and fruit planting, in particular to a planting method of soft-seed pomegranates.

Background

Pomegranate, which is deciduous shrub or small arbor, contains antioxidant, flavonoid, organic acid, ellagic acid, various minerals and various vitamins, and has effects of preventing and delaying aging, arteriosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases and slowing down canceration process after long-term consumption. The soft seed pomegranate is a new variety formed by degeneration, softening and variation of seed kernel, seed skin and cutin in individual fruit seeds under the condition of variable factors. The inner seed core of the soft seed pomegranate fruit can be directly eaten after being degenerated into soft cutin. The soft seed pomegranate solves the problem that people eat pomegranate and vomit once, changes the idea of eating pomegranate and increases the degree of dependence.

The soft-seed pomegranate is not cold-proof, and the growth habit of the variety is particularly strict on the temperature and the humidity. In the south, the soft-seed pomegranate has low fruit setting rate and low yield in the flowering period due to frequent rain, and the soft-seed pomegranate has low sugar content and unsweetened fruits due to small temperature difference. In the Hunan area, the temperature is unstable in winter, and the continuous freezing injury causes great loss to farmers, so that a new planting method needs to be developed when soft-seed pomegranate is introduced to plant in the Hunan area.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects of the prior art and improve the planting survival rate and the planting yield of soft-seed pomegranates in Hunan, the invention provides a planting method of the soft-seed pomegranates.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a planting method of soft-seed pomegranates comprises the following steps:

step one, culturing seedlings by using a matrix: picking and shearing 1-year-old healthy branches without diseases and insect pests, cutting the branches into cutting slips of 8-12 cm, soaking the cutting slips in a potassium permanganate solution for 5 minutes, transferring the cutting slips into a prepared matrix for cutting, transferring the cutting slips into a greenhouse for cultivation after cutting, and supplementing water in time during cultivation according to the drying degree of the matrix;

step two, planting and field planting: selecting nursery stocks with the height of more than 100 cm and the ground diameter of 1.0-1.5 cm and developed root systems after cuttage cultivation, and planting the nursery stocks in a field in spring, wherein the soil in the field is fertile and deep, the pH value of the soil is 6.5-8, and the row spacing between the nursery stocks and the row is 2-3 m; planting at 60 cm × 50cm, mixing thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure with appropriate amount of phosphorus potassium fertilizer, mixing with surface soil, backfilling, watering, keeping soil humidity, and fertilizing for 1 time per month;

step three, field management: stopping fertilizing after 3 months after planting, reducing water and irrigating, pruning and shaping the whole plant after 5 months, wrapping the leaves of the whole plant with a non-woven fabric sunshade net after 10 days of pruning, removing the sunshade net after 25-35 days of shading adjustment, fertilizing each plant, spraying flower forcing liquor on the plant, and removing 10% of the number of the new buds of the whole plant to weaken the apical dominance when the plant grows out flower buds; when more than 50% of flower buds of the soft seed pomegranate flower are exposed, thinning the flower, shearing off the flower spike with poor growth, reserving a cluster of flower spike with good growth state every 15-30cm on the branches, then reserving 1-4 high-quality fruits for each cluster after the flower spike withers to grow fruits, and shearing off the redundant pearl guava fruits; weeding, pruning and shaping, cold protection, pest control and irrigation and drainage management are carried out according to a common method;

step four, introducing chick feeding and straw fertilizer making: selecting chicks with strong physique, lively and powerful action, clear villi, good umbilical contraction and uniform individual size, and carrying out free-ranging breeding in a soft-seed pomegranate garden at a density of 5-10 chickens per mu; paving straws around the root of the seedling by 30-50 cm as a natural fertilizer, and manually stirring when the straws are decomposed to burn out the root at high temperature;

step five, bagging: bagging the soft pomegranate with waterproof paper bag after the soft pomegranate grows small fruits;

step six, fruit harvesting: the pearl guava peel is light green, and can be harvested when 80-95% of the peel is ripe;

seventhly, cold-resistant management in winter: after the soft-seed pomegranates are picked, the greenhouse film is tidied up in the middle of 11 months, and 0.2% monopotassium phosphate is sprayed 2 times per month to leach out the clear liquor after the soft-seed pomegranates are picked, so that the nutrition of the tree can be further increased, the filling degree of branches can be improved, and the cold resistance of the branches and flower buds can be improved; spraying 0.1% ethephon once to force the soft seed pomegranate tree to fall leaves and promote the soft seed pomegranate to enter dormancy in advance; in late 12 months, top dressing in late autumn is carried out on both sides of the root of the soft-seed pomegranate tree, after finishing the top dressing, winter water is poured, a film is covered to increase the ground temperature, and a plant antifreezing agent is sprayed at the bottom of 12 months, so that the concentration of cell sap can be improved, a protective film is formed on the surface of the tree body, and the freezing resistance of the plant is enhanced. In late 3 months after beginning of spring, 1 time of paclobutrazol is sprayed, so that spring tip and summer tip stop growing, branches are promoted to grow fully, and the cold resistance of the branches is enhanced.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the invention adds bagasse into planting hole, and adds calcium lime, cellulose and Baibaibai into bagasse

Clear bacteria and compost zymogen, promote the bagasse to be decomposed in the planting holes, increase the fertility, improve the good soil and simultaneously have very good effect

Has good effects of keeping moisture, draining water and retaining water, especially for subtropical pearl guavas, enhancing its ability to resist environment and improving its quality

The number and quality of the survival of the planted seedlings. Meanwhile, the invention also uses a base fertilizer suitable for the growth of the pearl guavas to promote flowering and fruit growth

Different fertilizing modes are adopted in the period, different fertilizers are adopted according to different growth stages of plants, the growth of the pearl guavas is ensured,

meanwhile, the grown fruits are sweet and crisp in mouth feel and are more popular with consumers.

2. At the moment, because the weather in the south is very hot, the invention passes through the whole shading

The black sunshade net with light rate of 70-85% wraps the whole plant leaves, so as to reduce the trimming, root trimming and iron content

The damage of the filament hoop in the burning sun to plants is reduced, the water evaporation is reduced, and the photosynthesis of leaves can be reduced. After the delivery period is adjusted, in order to enable the same batch of plants to flower and bear fruits intensively, the management is convenient, and the quality of the pearl guavas is improved, the invention adopts the method;

3. the eggplants are planted among the fruit trees, so that the land resources are effectively utilized, and the benefit is improved;

4. by adopting a scientific fertilizer and water management method and a flower and fruit promoting means, the fruit bearing rate and the fruit quality of the August fruit are effectively improved;

5. straw is selected as late-stage additional fertilizer, and the straw is a pure natural plant fertilizer, so that the sweetness and the taste of the fruit can be ensured;

6. 2-3 melons and fruits are left on each branch and vine after the fruits of the August fruits are harvested, the fruiting rate of the August fruits in the second year can be effectively improved, new plants which are germinated at the roots of old plants growing for more than 2 years are transplanted in a division manner in early spring, the redundant plants are cleaned while the planting range is improved, the smooth air and the passing convenience of a plantation are guaranteed, and the good growth of the old plants is promoted.

Detailed Description

Example 1: a method for planting August fruits comprises the following steps:

step one, selecting seedlings: selecting a wild two-year-old dominant seedling of the August fruits as a seedling to be cultivated, wherein the dominant seedling is the best seedling with the distance from the ground of 1m and the stem thickness of 1 cm;

step two, soil preparation and cultivation: selecting fertile weakly acidic soil as cultivating soil, filling cultivating soil with a box with specification of 600 × 120 × 30cm3, and digging soil in the box with specification of 40 × 50 × 30cm³36 pit holes are arranged in each box, and a layer of nutrient soil with the thickness of 2cm is spread at the bottom of each pit;

step three, water and fertilizer management: checking the survival condition of seedlings after 20 days of field planting, finding dead plants, timely removing and replanting, applying 1kg of fertilizer to each plant when the seedlings grow young shoots, applying fertilizer periodically every 6 weeks later, wherein the watering condition is determined by weather, and the water content of the soil of the planting garden is kept to be 25-40%;

step four, cutting cultivation and grafting treatment: selecting the cultured seedlings which are strong in growth, semi-lignified and free of diseases and insect pests as mother trees, cutting branches on the mother trees into branches with the length of 10-12 cm, cutting the branches into seedling culture mediums, enabling the distance between the cutting plants to be 8-12 cm, and grafting and culturing the seedlings and fruiting branches on the mother trees after culturing for one year;

step five, transplanting, afforesting and building frames: transplanting the grafted and cultivated August fruit tree seedlings, backfilling excavated soil, covering soil 3-5 cm above the roots of the tree seedlings when transplanting is carried out, watering thoroughly after planting, turning the land deeply by 30-40 cm again in the early spring of the next year, finely crushing and leveling the land, and bridging by adopting stainless steel pipes to form an August fruit growing frame with a net structure;

step six, straw fertilization: paving straws around the root of the seedling by 30-50 cm as a natural fertilizer, and manually stirring when the straws are decomposed to burn out the root at high temperature;

step seven, interplanting: planting eggplants among the pits of the saplings;

step eight, shaping and trimming and pest control: pruning mainly comprises thinning out, pruning dead branches and thin and weak branches, climbing branches and tendrils onto a melon frame, planting eggplants under the frame to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests without spraying the eggplants onto branches and tendrils and fruits of august fruits, removing redundant melons and fruits when the branches and tendrils bloom and grow, reserving 2 fruits for each flower, and applying a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer; moxa is matched with tobacco leaf frying water spray to prevent diseases and pests from biting tender leaves during the growth period of the branches and tendrils;

ninth, harvesting and managing: picking can be carried out when the August fruits grow to eight to nine minutes of maturity, 2-3 melons and fruits are reserved on each vine after the August fruits are picked for the last time every year, young plants which sprout from the roots of the plants growing for more than 2 years are divided and transplanted in the early spring period, and the planting range is enlarged.

The above examples are only partial embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modifications and variations of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The planting method of the soft-seed pomegranate is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step two, planting and field planting: selecting nursery stocks with the height of more than 100 cm and the diameter of 1.0-1.5 cm and developed roots after cuttage cultivation, and planting the nursery stocks in a sunny and irrigated field in spring, wherein the soil of the field is fertile and deep, the pH value of the soil is 6.5-8, and the row spacing of the nursery stocks is 2-3 m; planting at 60 cm × 50cm, mixing thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure with appropriate amount of phosphorus potassium fertilizer, mixing with surface soil, backfilling, watering, keeping soil humidity, and fertilizing for 1 time per month;

step four, introducing chick feeding and straw fertilizer making: selecting chicks with strong physique, lively and powerful action, clear villi, good umbilical contraction and uniform individual size, scattering and culturing the chicks in a soft-seed pomegranate garden area at the density of 5-10 chickens/mu, paving straws around the root of each seedling by 30-50 cm to serve as natural fertilizer, and manually stirring and burning the roots at high temperature when the straws are decomposed; (ii) a

seventhly, cold-resistant management in winter: after the soft-seed pomegranates are picked, the greenhouse film is tidied up in the middle of 11 months, and 0.2% monopotassium phosphate is sprayed 2 times per month to leach out the clear liquor after the soft-seed pomegranates are picked; spraying 0.1% ethephon once, in the late 12 th month, performing late autumn topdressing on both sides of the root of the soft-seed pomegranate tree, after finishing, watering in winter, covering a film to increase the ground temperature, spraying a plant antifreezing agent at the bottom of 12 th month, and spraying paclobutrazol for 1 time in the late 3 th month after beginning spring.