CN109006105A - A kind of selenium-rich outstanding achievement Yunnan olive and its cultivation management method - Google Patents
A kind of selenium-rich outstanding achievement Yunnan olive and its cultivation management method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109006105A CN109006105A CN201810703079.2A CN201810703079A CN109006105A CN 109006105 A CN109006105 A CN 109006105A CN 201810703079 A CN201810703079 A CN 201810703079A CN 109006105 A CN109006105 A CN 109006105A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of selenium-rich outstanding achievement Yunnan olive and its cultivation management method, the fruit diameter of the selenium-rich outstanding achievement Yunnan olive is 3 ~ 6cm, and fresh fruit selenium content is not less than 0.05mg/kg.The cultivation management method of the selenium-rich outstanding achievement Yunnan olive is the following steps are included: 1) seed treatment；2) it sows；3) it grafts；4) selection of land and site preparation；5) it is colonized；6) childhood tree manages；7) bearing tree management.The selenium-rich outstanding achievement Yunnan olive that the present invention obtains has that growth vigor is strong, the speed of growth is fast, blade is long, fruit is big, fruit yielding ability is prominent, and pulp astringent taste is light, crude fibre is few, Vitamin C content is high, Se content is greater than remarkable advantages such as 50 micrograms.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Yunnan olive growing technical fields, and in particular to a kind of selenium-rich outstanding achievement Yunnan olive and its cultivation management side
Method.
Background technique
Yunnan olive also known as emblic are NATURAL DISTRIBUTIONs in a kind of deciduous tree or shrub of south China, are a kind of important
Medicinal and edible plant, taste of fruit is unique, has very high health-care efficacy and medical value, and Yunnan olive has dry heat resistance lean
Thin environment, rudiment power is strong, and well developed root system conserves water and soil and acts on the advantages that strong.And research in recent years the result shows that, Yunnan olive fruits
Have it is anti-inflammatory, it is anti-oxidant, the effects of anti-aging, liver protection, oxygen radical can be eliminated, delayed senescence, while there are also abundant in the olive of Yunnan
Amino acid and microelement, Yunnan olive complete stool can be used as medicine, fruit eat it raw also have promote the production of body fluid to quench thirst, the function of preventing phlegm from forming and stopping coughing
Effect.In addition to this, Yunnan olive is also widely used in the prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia, hypertension, fatty liver, diabetes, obesity, cancer, can
It enhances human immunity, fundamentally improves human body lipidolysis ability and balance metabolism.
Although current Yunnan olive growing technology is still deposited it is known that olive growth conditions requirement in Yunnan is not too much high
In many problems, it is low that not only there are seed germination rates in cultivation, and the problems such as shoot survival percent is low is planted after sprouting, and obtain
Yunnan olive fruits entrance astringent taste weight, fruit are small, and palatability is poor.In view of the above problems, it is necessary to invent a kind of selenium-rich outstanding achievement Yunnan olive
Olive and its cultivation management method.
Summary of the invention
The first object of the present invention is to provide a kind of selenium-rich outstanding achievement Yunnan olive, and the second object of the present invention is to provide one
The cultivation management method of kind selenium-rich outstanding achievement Yunnan olive, the third object of the present invention are to provide a kind of answering for selenium-rich outstanding achievement Yunnan olive
With.
The first object of the present invention is achieved in that the fruit diameter of the Yunnan olive is 3 ~ 6cm, and fresh fruit selenium content is not
Lower than 0.05mg/kg.
The second object of the present invention be achieved in that the following steps are included:
1) seed treatment: its ripening fruits is harvested in the Yunnan Chinese olive tree of autumn and winter selection robust growth, no disease and pests harm, takes out kind
Seed is dried to water content 8 ~ 13%, carries out wet sand storage, prior to seeding progress vernalization processing in 7 ~ 15 days by son；
2) sow: by by vernalization processing Yunnan olive seed uniform broadcasting in seedling medium, after planting again covering 0.5 ~
The seedling medium of 1cm keeps seedling medium to moisten to seedling later and is unearthed；
3) it grafts: selecting within November to next year 2 months the seedling of 0.6 ~ 0.8cm of ground diameter as stock, select life in 1 ~ 2 year, axillary bud full
Full, result high yield prime of life Yunnan olive branch is as scion, and scion is with adopting with connecing, and 3 ~ 5cm is grown in each scion, after grafting in time
Except sprouting；
4) selection of land and site preparation: selection 1100~1700m of height above sea level, sunshine 2800 hours year or more, soil thickness 50cm or more, the gradient
For 8 ~ 20 ° of plot, the miscellaneous leaf of the deadwood on plot surface layer is cleaned out and flattened, applies selenium-enriched organic fertilizer, it is spare；
5) be colonized: the seedling after grafting is colonized by annual 5 ~ June on the plot Jing Guo selection of land, site preparation, when field planting, is first dug
It is colonized the pool, spacing in the rows is 2 ~ 3m, and line-spacing is 4 ~ 5m, and then seedling is implanted into the pool, guarantees that seedling root has 50 ~ 100g nursery base
Matter, then fill compaction, is watered with root water；
6) childhood tree manages: annual early Febuary and late September, the place 20 ~ 30cm digging annular groove, ditch depth on the outside of tree crown drip
30 ~ 50cm, it is primary to apply selenium-enriched organic fertilizer for ring respectively；April, July, November carry out tillage and weeding；
7) bearing-age tree management: annual early March and early November, 3 ~ 5 radiation are dug outward from the half of crown diameter
Ditch, 30 ~ 40cm of ditch depth apply that selenium-enriched organic fertilizer is primary respectively, and the position of the radial canal changes year by year；Annual 5 ~ September, every
Progress foliage-spray selenium-enriched liquid fertilizer is primary within 20 ~ 30 days, and August carries out tillage and weeding.
The third object of the present invention is achieved in that the selenium-rich outstanding achievement Yunnan olive is extracting selenoprotein, selenium polysaccharide
On application.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention:
1, the selenium-rich outstanding achievement Yunnan olive that the present invention obtains is with growth vigor is strong, the speed of growth is fast, blade is long, fruit is big, fruit
Yielding ability is prominent, and pulp astringent taste is light, crude fibre is few, Vitamin C content is high, Se content is greater than the remarkable advantages such as 50 micrograms.
2, realizing for Yunnan olive creativeness of the invention plants out high-quality on defective and low effect forest land or arable land of degenerating
Yunnan olive, be especially full of Yunnan olive new varieties of the beautiful emblic as Yunnan, there has been no relevant cultivation technique, present invention choosings
Waste mountain waste suitable for afforestation, defective and low effect forest land, arable land of degenerating are selected as cultivation plot, the spy on the one hand easily survived from Yunnan olive
Property, more important is the present invention by the research to fine tree species, using suitable seedling medium and suitable growth conditions,
Science management method, thus not only effectively realize selenium-rich, outstanding achievement, high yield Yunnan olive growing, but also realize concede the land also
Woods, returning farmland to grassland and fixing of soil and conservation of water effect.
3, the present invention solves existing by selecting field planting plot soil as seedling medium, effectively realization Adaptive planting
Being not suitable with when some is colonized from nursery into cultivation plot leads to slow growth.
4, the present invention realizes the selenium-enriching cultivation of organic Yunnan olive, passes through richness by carrying out selenium-rich processing in cultivation
The multiple application of selenium organic fertilizer and foliar fertilizer, so that the organic selenium content of Yunnan olive greatly increases, while using easily selenium-rich
Radix Astragali, osmund, Central China Hairy Bittercress plant crop between being used as, and on the one hand can promote symplastic growth, avoid increasing selenium fertilizer for a long time to soil
It is adversely affected caused by earth and seedling, on the other hand can obtain selenium-rich Radix Astragali, osmund, Central China Hairy Bittercress, both can be used as pair
Crop, and its cauline leaf can be used as in selenium-enriched organic fertilizer, further promote the selenium-rich growth of Yunnan olive.
5, cultural method of the invention enables to emblic per mu yield to improve 10% or more, and green ecological environmental protection, effectively
Emblic pest and disease damage is reduced, Pesticide use is controlled, to realize that emblic green, ecology, No-harmful apple orchard provide guarantee.
6, the processing method of seed of the present invention guarantees harvested seed good stress resistance, and storage practice ensure that sub-states
Stablize, activity is high and has good seeding quality.
7, by first using first time hot-water soak, softening kind shell then carries out rubble and rubs broken shell, finally again the present invention
Secondary progress warm water Steeping and budding, after vernalization processing through the invention, seed germination rate reaches 99% or more, and cooperation sowing manages,
Kind shoot survival percent can reach 97% or more, easily grow although efficiently solving Yunnan olive adverse environment resistant in the prior art, plant
Sub- germination rate, seedling setting ratio also not high problem after sprouting.
8, seedling medium of the invention is by using peat soil, addition humous so that seedling nutritional sufficiency, coco bran, pine
The addition of fruit effectively increases soil permeability water-retaining property, especially pine nut and shrinks when moisture abundance, is convenient for Li Shui, in matrix
Expansion effectively realizes water lock control water function convenient for water suction when dry.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated, but the present invention is limited in any way,
Based on present invention teach that it is made it is any transform or replace, all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.
The fruit diameter of selenium-rich outstanding achievement of the present invention Yunnan olive is 3 ~ 6cm, and fresh fruit selenium content is not less than 0.05mg/
kg。
The kind of the Yunnan olive is to be full of beautiful emblic, and Latin is entitledPhyllanthus。。
The cultivation management method of selenium-rich outstanding achievement of the present invention Yunnan olive, comprising the following steps:
1) seed treatment: its ripening fruits is harvested in the Yunnan Chinese olive tree of autumn and winter selection robust growth, no disease and pests harm, takes out kind
Seed is dried to water content 8 ~ 13%, carries out wet sand storage, prior to seeding progress vernalization processing in 7 ~ 15 days by son；
2) sow: by by vernalization processing Yunnan olive seed uniform broadcasting in seedling medium, after planting again covering 0.5 ~
The seedling medium of 1cm keeps seedling medium to moisten to seedling later and is unearthed；
3) it grafts: selecting within November to next year 2 months the seedling of 0.6 ~ 0.8cm of ground diameter as stock, select life in 1 ~ 2 year, axillary bud full
Full, result high yield prime of life Yunnan olive branch is as scion, and scion is with adopting with connecing, and 3 ~ 5cm is grown in each scion, after grafting in time
Except sprouting；
4) selection of land and site preparation: selection 1100~1700m of height above sea level, sunshine 2800 hours year or more, soil thickness 50cm or more, the gradient
For 8 ~ 20 ° of plot, the miscellaneous leaf of the deadwood on plot surface layer is cleaned out and flattened, applies selenium-enriched organic fertilizer, it is spare；
5) be colonized: the seedling after grafting is colonized by annual 5 ~ June on the plot Jing Guo selection of land, site preparation, when field planting, is first dug
It is colonized the pool, spacing in the rows is 2 ~ 3m, and line-spacing is 4 ~ 5m, and then seedling is implanted into the pool, guarantees that seedling root has 50 ~ 100g nursery base
Matter, then fill compaction, is watered with root water；
6) childhood tree manages: annual early Febuary and late September, the place 20 ~ 30cm digging annular groove, ditch depth on the outside of tree crown drip
30 ~ 50cm, it is primary to apply selenium-enriched organic fertilizer for ring respectively；April, July, November carry out tillage and weeding；
7) bearing-age tree management: annual early March and early November, 3 ~ 5 radiation are dug outward from the half of crown diameter
Ditch, 30 ~ 40cm of ditch depth apply that selenium-enriched organic fertilizer is primary respectively, and the position of the radial canal changes year by year；Annual 5 ~ September, every
Progress foliage-spray selenium-enriched liquid fertilizer is primary within 20 ~ 30 days, and August carries out tillage and weeding.
The method further includes that step 8) is made between in the ranks: being made between tree phase childhood selection Radix Astragali carries out in the ranks, in childhood
The early November current year harvesting that the tree phase terminates, and tree disk is carried out to childhood tree using the membranous milkvetch stem and leaf of harvesting and is covered, cladding thickness
For 10 ~ 15cm；Make between the bearing-age tree phase selects osmund and/or Central China Hairy Bittercress to carry out in the ranks, annual late September gathers in and to knot
Fruit tree carries out tree disk covering, and cladding thickness is 15 ~ 25cm.
Vernalization as described in step (1) is 30 ~ 60h of hot-water soak that seed to be sowed first is used to 30 ~ 40 DEG C, then
The seed Jing Guo first time hot-water soak is rubbed using blinding, rubs at least 1 cut on each seed, connects
Using 20 ~ 25 DEG C warm water impregnate 1 ~ 3h.
Seedling medium described in step (2) includes being colonized native 10 ~ 20 parts, 5 ~ 10 parts of peat soil, 4 ~ 6 parts of fertile soil, coconut palm
1 ~ 3 part of chaff, 1 ~ 3 part of deer natural pond soil, 2 ~ 4 parts of pine nut；The preparation method of the seedling medium is that first each raw material is disappeared using steam
The field planting soil of formula rate, peat soil, fertile soil, coco bran, deer natural pond soil are then sufficiently mixed, will finally grow by 10 ~ 20min of poison
Pine nut of the degree no more than 2cm is layered on lowest level, then mixed raw material is uniformly layered on above pine nut layer, obtains seedling medium.
Plot described in step (4) is deserted mountain wasteland suitable for afforestation, defective and low effect forest land, one of arable land or more of degenerating
Kind.
The selenium-enriched organic fertilizer includes the raw material of following parts by weight: 10 ~ 20 parts of plant stem-leaf, 8 ~ 12 parts of animal excreta, corruption
Grow 5 ~ 8 parts, 0.05 ~ 0.5 part of sodium selenite aqueous solution of soil；The plant stem-leaf includes Radix Astragali, osmund, Central China Hairy Bittercress cauline leaf
One of or it is a variety of；The preparation method of the selenium-enriched organic fertilizer is first that plant stem-leaf, animal excreta and fertile soil is sufficiently mixed
It closes uniformly, compost maturity, the water of the weight such as addition in sodium selenite is configured to sodium selenite aqueous solution, it will in composting process
Sodium selenite aqueous solution is added in batches, and is uniformly mixed, to sufficiently decomposed.
Selenium-enriched liquid fertilizer described in step (7) is organic selenium amino-acid nutrition liquid, and spraying time is the selection fine day dusk
It is sprayed, the amount of spraying is advisable with blade face wetting.
Application of the selenium-rich outstanding achievement of the present invention Yunnan olive on extraction selenoprotein, selenium polysaccharide.
Embodiment 1
The fruit diameter of a kind of selenium-rich outstanding achievement Yunnan olive, the selenium-rich outstanding achievement Yunnan olive is 6cm, and fresh fruit selenium content is
0.05mg/kg.The kind of the Yunnan olive is to be full of beautiful emblic, and Latin is entitledPhyllanthus。
A kind of cultivation management method of selenium-rich outstanding achievement Yunnan olive, comprising the following steps:
1) seed treatment: its ripening fruits is harvested in the Yunnan Chinese olive tree of autumn and winter selection robust growth, no disease and pests harm, takes out kind
Seed is dried to water content 13%, carries out wet sand storage, prior to seeding progress vernalization processing in 15 days by son；
2) it sows: by the Yunnan olive seed uniform broadcasting by vernalization processing in seedling medium, after planting covering 1cm's again
Seedling medium keeps seedling medium to moisten to seedling later and is unearthed；
3) it grafts: selecting within next year 2 months the seedling of ground diameter 0.8cm as stock, select that life in 2 years, axillary bud be full, result
Prime of life Yunnan olive branch get bumper crops as scion, with adopting with connecing, each scion long 5cm is removed in time after grafting and sprouted for scion；
4) selection of land and site preparation: selection height above sea level 1700m, sunshine 2800 hours year or more, soil thickness 50cm or more, the gradient are 20 °
Plot, the miscellaneous leaf of the deadwood on plot surface layer is cleaned out and is flattened, apply selenium-enriched organic fertilizer, it is spare；
5) be colonized: the seedling after grafting is colonized by annual June on the plot Jing Guo selection of land, site preparation, when field planting, is first dug calmly
The pool is planted, seedling is then implanted into the pool by spacing in the rows 3m, line-spacing 5m, is guaranteed that seedling root has 100g seedling medium, is then filled out
Soil pressure is real, is watered with root water；
6) childhood tree manages: annual early Febuary and late September, the place 30cm digging annular groove, ditch depth on the outside of tree crown drip
50cm, it is primary to apply selenium-enriched organic fertilizer for ring respectively；April, July, November carry out tillage and weeding；
7) bearing-age tree management: annual early March and early November, 5 radial canals is dug from the half of crown diameter outward,
Ditch depth 40cm, applies that selenium-enriched organic fertilizer is primary respectively, and the position of the radial canal changes year by year；Annual September was carried out every 30 days
Foliage-spray selenium-enriched liquid fertilizer is primary, and August carries out tillage and weeding.
Vernalization as described in step (1) is the hot-water soak 60h that seed to be sowed first is used to 40 DEG C, then using broken
Stone rubs the seed Jing Guo first time hot-water soak, rubs at least 1 cut on each seed, then uses
25 DEG C of warm water impregnates 3h.
Seedling medium described in step (2) includes being colonized native 20 parts, 10 parts of peat soil, 6 parts of fertile soil, 3 parts of coco bran, deer
3 parts, 4 parts of pine nut of natural pond soil；The preparation method of the seedling medium is that each raw material is first used moise-heat sterilization 20min, then will
Field planting soil, peat soil, fertile soil, coco bran, the deer natural pond soil of formula rate are sufficiently mixed, and length is finally not more than to the pine nut of 2cm
It is layered on lowest level, then mixed raw material is uniformly layered on above pine nut layer, obtains seedling medium.
Plot described in step (4) is deserted mountain wasteland suitable for afforestation.
The selenium-enriched organic fertilizer includes the raw material of following parts by weight: 20 parts of plant stem-leaf, 12 parts of animal excreta, fertile soil 8
Part, 0.5 part of sodium selenite aqueous solution；The plant stem-leaf includes Radix Astragali, osmund, Central China Hairy Bittercress cauline leaf；The selenium-rich
The preparation method of organic fertilizer is first to be sufficiently mixed plant stem-leaf, animal excreta and fertile soil uniformly, compost maturity, by sodium selenite
The water of the weight such as middle addition is configured to sodium selenite aqueous solution, and sodium selenite aqueous solution is added in batches in composting process,
And be uniformly mixed, to sufficiently decomposed.
Selenium-enriched liquid fertilizer described in step (7) is organic selenium amino-acid nutrition liquid, and spraying time is the selection fine day dusk
It is sprayed, the amount of spraying is advisable with blade face wetting.
Selenium-rich outstanding achievement Yunnan olive described in the present embodiment is extracting the application on selenoprotein.
The selenium-rich outstanding achievement Yunnan olive growth vigor that the present invention obtains is strong, the speed of growth is fast, blade is long, fruit is big, fruit is rich
Production property is prominent, and pulp astringent taste is light, crude fibre is few, Vitamin C content is high, Se content is high.The cultural method seed of the present embodiment is sprouted
Hair rate reaches 99.1% or more, and cooperation sowing management, kind shoot survival percent can reach 97.3%.
Embodiment 2
The fruit diameter of a kind of selenium-rich outstanding achievement Yunnan olive, the selenium-rich outstanding achievement Yunnan olive is 3cm, and fresh fruit selenium content is
0.057mg/kg.The kind of the Yunnan olive is to be full of beautiful emblic.
A kind of cultivation management method of selenium-rich outstanding achievement Yunnan olive, comprising the following steps:
1) seed treatment: its ripening fruits is harvested in the Yunnan Chinese olive tree of autumn and winter selection robust growth, no disease and pests harm, takes out kind
Seed is dried to water content 8%, carries out wet sand storage, prior to seeding progress vernalization processing in 7 days by son；
2) it sows: by the Yunnan olive seed uniform broadcasting by vernalization processing in seedling medium, after planting covering 0.5cm again
Seedling medium, later keep seedling medium moisten to seedling be unearthed；
3) it grafts: selecting the seedling of ground diameter 0.6cm December as stock, select that life in 1 year, axillary bud be full, high yield of result
Prime of life Yunnan olive branch is as scion, and with adopting with connecing, each scion long 3cm is removed in time after grafting and sprouted for scion；
4) selection of land and site preparation: selection height above sea level 1100m, sunshine 2800 hours year or more, soil thickness 50cm or more, the gradient are 8 °
The miscellaneous leaf of the deadwood on plot surface layer is cleaned out and is flattened by plot, applies selenium-enriched organic fertilizer, spare；
5) be colonized: the seedling after grafting is colonized by annual May on the plot Jing Guo selection of land, site preparation, when field planting, is first dug calmly
The pool is planted, seedling is then implanted into the pool by spacing in the rows 2m, line-spacing 4m, is guaranteed that seedling root has 50g seedling medium, is then filled out
Soil pressure is real, is watered with root water；
6) childhood tree manages: annual early Febuary and late September, the place 20cm digging annular groove, ditch depth on the outside of tree crown drip
30cm, it is primary to apply selenium-enriched organic fertilizer for ring respectively；April, July, November carry out tillage and weeding；
7) bearing-age tree management: annual early March and early November, 3 radial canals is dug from the half of crown diameter outward,
Ditch depth 30cm, applies that selenium-enriched organic fertilizer is primary respectively, and the position of the radial canal changes year by year；It was carried out every 20 days annual May
Foliage-spray selenium-enriched liquid fertilizer is primary, and August carries out tillage and weeding.
The method further includes that step 8) is made between in the ranks: being made between tree phase childhood selection Radix Astragali carries out in the ranks, in childhood
The early November current year harvesting that the tree phase terminates, and tree disk is carried out to childhood tree using the membranous milkvetch stem and leaf of harvesting and is covered, cladding thickness
For 10cm；Make between the bearing-age tree phase selects osmund and/or Central China Hairy Bittercress to carry out in the ranks, annual late September gathers in and to result
Tree carries out tree disk covering, cladding thickness 15cm.
Vernalization as described in step (1) is the hot-water soak 30h that seed to be sowed first is used to 30 DEG C, then using broken
Stone rubs the seed Jing Guo first time hot-water soak, rubs at least 1 cut on each seed, then uses
20 DEG C of warm water impregnates 1h.
Seedling medium described in step (2) includes being colonized native 10 parts, 5 parts of peat soil, 4 parts of fertile soil, 1 part of coco bran, deer
1 part, 2 parts of pine nut of natural pond soil；The preparation method of the seedling medium is that each raw material is first used moise-heat sterilization 10min, then will
Field planting soil, peat soil, fertile soil, coco bran, the deer natural pond soil of formula rate are sufficiently mixed, and length is finally not more than to the pine nut of 2cm
It is layered on lowest level, then mixed raw material is uniformly layered on above pine nut layer, obtains seedling medium.
Plot described in step (4) is deserted mountain wasteland suitable for afforestation, defective and low effect forest land, one of arable land or more of degenerating
Kind.
The selenium-enriched organic fertilizer includes the raw material of following parts by weight: 10 parts of plant stem-leaf, 8 parts of animal excreta, fertile soil 5
Part, 0.05 part of sodium selenite aqueous solution；The plant stem-leaf includes Radix Astragali, osmund；The preparation side of the selenium-enriched organic fertilizer
Method is first to be sufficiently mixed plant stem-leaf, animal excreta and fertile soil uniformly, compost maturity, by the weight such as addition in sodium selenite
Water is configured to sodium selenite aqueous solution, sodium selenite aqueous solution is added in batches in composting process, and is uniformly mixed, wait fill
Divide decomposed.
Selenium-enriched liquid fertilizer described in step (7) is organic selenium amino-acid nutrition liquid, and spraying time is the selection fine day dusk
It is sprayed, the amount of spraying is advisable with blade face wetting.
Selenium-rich outstanding achievement Yunnan olive described in the present embodiment is extracting the application on selenium polysaccharide.
The selenium-rich outstanding achievement Yunnan olive growth vigor that the present embodiment obtains is strong, the speed of growth is fast, blade is long, fruit is big, fruit
Yielding ability is prominent, and pulp astringent taste is light, crude fibre is few, Vitamin C content is high, Se content is high.The cultural method seed of the present embodiment
Germination rate reaches 99.3%, and cooperation sowing management, kind shoot survival percent can reach 97.8%.
Embodiment 3
The fruit diameter of a kind of selenium-rich outstanding achievement Yunnan olive, the selenium-rich outstanding achievement Yunnan olive is 4cm, and fresh fruit selenium content is
0.060mg/kg.The kind of the Yunnan olive is to be full of beautiful emblic, and Latin is entitledPhyllanthus。
A kind of cultivation management method of selenium-rich outstanding achievement Yunnan olive, comprising the following steps:
1) seed treatment: its ripening fruits is harvested in the Yunnan Chinese olive tree of autumn and winter selection robust growth, no disease and pests harm, takes out kind
Seed is dried to water content 9%, carries out wet sand storage, prior to seeding progress vernalization processing in 8 days by son；
2) it sows: by the Yunnan olive seed uniform broadcasting by vernalization processing in seedling medium, after planting covering 0.6cm again
Seedling medium, later keep seedling medium moisten to seedling be unearthed；
3) it grafts: selecting the seedling of ground diameter 0.7cm November as stock, select that life in 1 year, axillary bud be full, high yield of result
Prime of life Yunnan olive branch is as scion, and with adopting with connecing, each scion long 4cm is removed in time after grafting and sprouted for scion；
4) selection of land and site preparation: selection height above sea level 1200m, sunshine 3000 hours year or more, soil thickness 60cm or more, the gradient are 10 °
Plot, the miscellaneous leaf of the deadwood on plot surface layer is cleaned out and is flattened, apply selenium-enriched organic fertilizer, it is spare；
5) be colonized: the seedling after grafting is colonized by annual June on the plot Jing Guo selection of land, site preparation, when field planting, is first dug calmly
The pool is planted, seedling is then implanted into the pool by spacing in the rows 2.5m, line-spacing 4.5m, is guaranteed that seedling root has 60g seedling medium, is connect
Fill compaction, be watered with root water；
6) childhood tree manages: annual early Febuary and late September, the place 25cm digging annular groove, ditch depth on the outside of tree crown drip
40cm, it is primary to apply selenium-enriched organic fertilizer for ring respectively；April, July, November carry out tillage and weeding；
7) bearing-age tree management: annual early March and early November, 4 radial canals is dug from the half of crown diameter outward,
Ditch depth 35cm, applies that selenium-enriched organic fertilizer is primary respectively, and the position of the radial canal changes year by year；It was carried out every 25 days annual June
Foliage-spray selenium-enriched liquid fertilizer is primary, and August carries out tillage and weeding；
8) in the ranks between make: the tree phase childhood selection Radix Astragali carry out in the ranks between make, adopted in early November current year that tree phase childhood terminates
It receives, and tree disk is carried out to childhood tree using the membranous milkvetch stem and leaf of harvesting and is covered, cladding thickness 12cm；Osmund is selected in the bearing-age tree phase
Make between carrying out in the ranks, annual late September harvesting simultaneously carries out tree disk covering, cladding thickness 20cm to bearing-age tree.
Vernalization as described in step (1) is the hot-water soak 45h that seed to be sowed first is used to 35 DEG C, then using broken
Stone rubs the seed Jing Guo first time hot-water soak, rubs at least 1 cut on each seed, then uses
22 DEG C of warm water impregnates 2h.
Seedling medium described in step (2) includes being colonized native 15 parts, 8 parts of peat soil, 5 parts of fertile soil, 2 parts of coco bran, deer
2 parts, 3 parts of pine nut of natural pond soil；The preparation method of the seedling medium is that each raw material is first used moise-heat sterilization 15min, then will
Field planting soil, peat soil, fertile soil, coco bran, the deer natural pond soil of formula rate are sufficiently mixed, and are finally layered on the pine nut of length 1.8cm
Lowest level, then mixed raw material is uniformly layered on above pine nut layer, obtain seedling medium.
Plot described in step (4) is defective and low effect forest land.
The selenium-enriched organic fertilizer includes the raw material of following parts by weight: 15 parts of plant stem-leaf, 10 parts of animal excreta, fertile soil 6
Part, 0.1 part of sodium selenite aqueous solution；The plant stem-leaf includes Radix Astragali；The preparation method of the selenium-enriched organic fertilizer is first
Plant stem-leaf, animal excreta and fertile soil are sufficiently mixed uniformly, compost maturity, the water of the weight such as addition in sodium selenite is configured
At sodium selenite aqueous solution, sodium selenite aqueous solution is added in batches in composting process, and is uniformly mixed, to sufficiently rotten
It is ripe.
Selenium-enriched liquid fertilizer described in step (7) is organic selenium amino-acid nutrition liquid, and spraying time is the selection fine day dusk
It is sprayed, the amount of spraying is advisable with blade face wetting.
Selenium-rich outstanding achievement Yunnan olive described in the present embodiment is extracting the application on selenoprotein and selenium polysaccharide.
The selenium-rich outstanding achievement Yunnan olive growth vigor that the present embodiment obtains is strong, the speed of growth is fast, blade is long, fruit is big, fruit
Yielding ability is prominent, and pulp astringent taste is light, crude fibre is few, Vitamin C content is high, Se content is high.The cultural method seed of the present embodiment
Germination rate reaches 99.5% or more, and cooperation sowing management, kind shoot survival percent can reach 98.2%.
Embodiment 4
The fruit diameter of a kind of selenium-rich outstanding achievement Yunnan olive, the selenium-rich outstanding achievement Yunnan olive is 4cm, and fresh fruit selenium content is
0.086mg/kg.The kind of the Yunnan olive is to be full of beautiful emblic, and Latin is entitledPhyllanthus。。
A kind of cultivation management method of selenium-rich outstanding achievement Yunnan olive, comprising the following steps:
1) seed treatment: its ripening fruits is harvested in the Yunnan Chinese olive tree of autumn and winter selection robust growth, no disease and pests harm, takes out kind
Seed is dried to water content 9%, carries out wet sand storage, prior to seeding progress vernalization processing in 9 days by son；
2) it sows: by the Yunnan olive seed uniform broadcasting by vernalization processing in seedling medium, after planting covering 0.7cm again
Seedling medium, later keep seedling medium moisten to seedling be unearthed；
3) it grafts: selecting within next year 2 months the seedling of ground diameter 0.6cm as stock, select that life in 2 years, axillary bud be full, result
Prime of life Yunnan olive branch get bumper crops as scion, with adopting with connecing, each scion long 4cm is removed in time after grafting and sprouted for scion；
4) selection of land and site preparation: selection height above sea level 1500m, sunshine 2950 hours year or more, soil thickness 50cm or more, the gradient are 12 °
Plot, the miscellaneous leaf of the deadwood on plot surface layer is cleaned out and is flattened, apply selenium-enriched organic fertilizer, it is spare；
5) be colonized: the seedling after grafting is colonized by annual June on the plot Jing Guo selection of land, site preparation, when field planting, is first dug calmly
The pool is planted, seedling is then implanted into the pool by spacing in the rows 2.5m, line-spacing 4.5m, is guaranteed that seedling root has 80g seedling medium, is connect
Fill compaction, be watered with root water；
6) childhood tree manages: annual early Febuary and late September, the place 28cm digging annular groove, ditch depth on the outside of tree crown drip
48cm, it is primary to apply selenium-enriched organic fertilizer for ring respectively；April, July, November carry out tillage and weeding；
7) bearing-age tree management: annual early March and early November, 4 radial canals is dug from the half of crown diameter outward,
Ditch depth 38cm, applies that selenium-enriched organic fertilizer is primary respectively, and the position of the radial canal changes year by year；It was carried out every 26 days annual July
Foliage-spray selenium-enriched liquid fertilizer is primary, and August carries out tillage and weeding.
The method further includes that step 8) is made between in the ranks: being made between tree phase childhood selection Radix Astragali carries out in the ranks, in childhood
The early November current year harvesting that the tree phase terminates, and tree disk is carried out to childhood tree using the membranous milkvetch stem and leaf of harvesting and is covered, cladding thickness
For 12cm；Make between the bearing-age tree phase selects osmund and/or Central China Hairy Bittercress to carry out in the ranks, annual late September gathers in and to result
Tree carries out tree disk covering, cladding thickness 18cm.
Vernalization as described in step (1) is the hot-water soak 40h that seed to be sowed first is used to 32 DEG C, then using broken
Stone rubs the seed Jing Guo first time hot-water soak, rubs at least 1 cut on each seed, then uses
22 DEG C of warm water impregnates 1 ~ 3h.
Seedling medium described in step (2) include field planting soil 14 parts, 7 parts of peat soil, 4 ~ 6 parts of fertile soil, 1 part of coco bran,
2 parts, 3 parts of pine nut of deer natural pond soil；The preparation method of the seedling medium is that each raw material is first used moise-heat sterilization 13min, then
The field planting soil of formula rate, peat soil, fertile soil, coco bran, deer natural pond soil are sufficiently mixed, finally by length no more than 1.7cm's
Pine nut is layered on lowest level, then mixed raw material is uniformly layered on above pine nut layer, obtains seedling medium.
Plot described in step (4) is deserted mountain wasteland suitable for afforestation.
The selenium-enriched organic fertilizer includes the raw material of following parts by weight: 12 parts of plant stem-leaf, 9 parts of animal excreta, fertile soil 6
Part, 0.2 part of sodium selenite aqueous solution；The plant stem-leaf includes Radix Astragali, osmund, Central China Hairy Bittercress cauline leaf；The selenium-rich
The preparation method of organic fertilizer is first to be sufficiently mixed plant stem-leaf, animal excreta and fertile soil uniformly, compost maturity, by sodium selenite
The water of the weight such as middle addition is configured to sodium selenite aqueous solution, and sodium selenite aqueous solution is added in batches in composting process,
And be uniformly mixed, to sufficiently decomposed.
Selenium-enriched liquid fertilizer described in step (7) is organic selenium amino-acid nutrition liquid, and spraying time is the selection fine day dusk
It is sprayed, the amount of spraying is advisable with blade face wetting.
Application of the selenium-rich outstanding achievement Yunnan olive described in the present embodiment on extraction selenoprotein, selenium polysaccharide.
The selenium-rich outstanding achievement Yunnan olive growth vigor that the present embodiment obtains is strong, the speed of growth is fast, blade is long, fruit is big, fruit
Yielding ability is prominent, and pulp astringent taste is light, crude fibre is few, Vitamin C content is high, Se content is high.The cultural method seed of the present embodiment
Germination rate reaches 99.8% or more, and cooperation sowing management, kind shoot survival percent can reach 98.4%.
Embodiment 5
The fruit diameter of a kind of selenium-rich outstanding achievement Yunnan olive, the selenium-rich outstanding achievement Yunnan olive is 5 ~ 6cm, and fresh fruit selenium content is
0.11mg/kg.The kind of the Yunnan olive is to be full of beautiful emblic, and Latin is entitledPhyllanthus。。
A kind of cultivation management method of selenium-rich outstanding achievement Yunnan olive, comprising the following steps:
1) seed treatment: its ripening fruits is harvested in the Yunnan Chinese olive tree of autumn and winter selection robust growth, no disease and pests harm, takes out kind
Seed is dried to water content 11%, carries out wet sand storage, prior to seeding progress vernalization processing in 13 days by son；
2) it sows: by the Yunnan olive seed uniform broadcasting by vernalization processing in seedling medium, after planting covering 0.9cm again
Seedling medium, later keep seedling medium moisten to seedling be unearthed；
3) it grafts: selecting January in next year the seedling of ground diameter 0.8cm as stock, select that life in 1 year, axillary bud are full, result is rich
Prime of life Yunnan olive branch is produced as scion, with adopting with connecing, each scion long 5cm is removed in time after grafting and sprouted for scion；
4) selection of land and site preparation: selection height above sea level 1200m, sunshine 2850 hours year or more, soil thickness 55cm or more, the gradient are 9 °
The miscellaneous leaf of the deadwood on plot surface layer is cleaned out and is flattened by plot, applies selenium-enriched organic fertilizer, spare；
5) be colonized: the seedling after grafting is colonized by annual May on the plot Jing Guo selection of land, site preparation, when field planting, is first dug calmly
The pool is planted, seedling is then implanted into the pool by spacing in the rows 2m, line-spacing 5m, is guaranteed that seedling root has 80g seedling medium, is then filled out
Soil pressure is real, is watered with root water；
6) childhood tree manages: annual early Febuary and late September, the place 28cm digging annular groove, ditch depth on the outside of tree crown drip
45cm, it is primary to apply selenium-enriched organic fertilizer for ring respectively；April, July, November carry out tillage and weeding；
7) bearing-age tree management: annual early March and early November, 4 radial canals is dug from the half of crown diameter outward,
Ditch depth 38cm, applies that selenium-enriched organic fertilizer is primary respectively, and the position of the radial canal changes year by year；Annual August was carried out every 28 days
Foliage-spray selenium-enriched liquid fertilizer is primary, and August carries out tillage and weeding.
The method further includes that step 8) is made between in the ranks: being made between tree phase childhood selection Radix Astragali carries out in the ranks, in childhood
The early November current year harvesting that the tree phase terminates, and tree disk is carried out to childhood tree using the membranous milkvetch stem and leaf of harvesting and is covered, cladding thickness
For 13cm；Make between the bearing-age tree phase selects osmund and Central China Hairy Bittercress to carry out in the ranks, annual late September harvesting and to bearing-age tree into
Row tree disk covering, cladding thickness 22cm.
Vernalization as described in step (1) is the hot-water soak 55h that seed to be sowed first is used to 38 DEG C, then using broken
Stone rubs the seed Jing Guo first time hot-water soak, rubs at least 2 cuts on each seed, then uses
24 DEG C of warm water impregnates 2.5h.
Seedling medium described in step (2) includes being colonized native 18 parts, 9 parts of peat soil, 5.5 parts of fertile soil, coco bran 2.5
Part, 2.5 parts, 3.5 parts of pine nut of deer natural pond soil；The preparation method of the seedling medium is that each raw material is first used moise-heat sterilization
The field planting soil of formula rate, peat soil, fertile soil, coco bran, deer natural pond soil are then sufficiently mixed, finally by length by 18min
The pine nut of 1.5cm is layered on lowest level, then mixed raw material is uniformly layered on above pine nut layer, obtains seedling medium.
Plot described in step (4) is arable land of degenerating.
The selenium-enriched organic fertilizer includes the raw material of following parts by weight: 18 parts of plant stem-leaf, 11 parts of animal excreta, fertile soil 7
Part, 0.3 part of sodium selenite aqueous solution；The plant stem-leaf includes osmund, Central China Hairy Bittercress cauline leaf；The selenium-enriched organic fertilizer
Preparation method be first plant stem-leaf, animal excreta and fertile soil are sufficiently mixed uniformly, compost maturity will be added in sodium selenite
Etc. the water of weight be configured to sodium selenite aqueous solution, sodium selenite aqueous solution is added in batches in composting process, and mixes
Uniformly, to sufficiently decomposed.
Selenium-enriched liquid fertilizer described in step (7) is organic selenium amino-acid nutrition liquid, and spraying time is the selection fine day dusk
It is sprayed, the amount of spraying is advisable with blade face wetting.
Selenium-rich outstanding achievement Yunnan olive described in the present embodiment is extracting the application on selenoprotein.
The selenium-rich outstanding achievement Yunnan olive growth vigor that the present embodiment obtains is strong, the speed of growth is fast, blade is long, fruit is big, fruit
Yielding ability is prominent, and pulp astringent taste is light, crude fibre is few, Vitamin C content is high, Se content is high.The cultural method seed of the present embodiment
Germination rate reaches 99.9% or more, and cooperation sowing management, kind shoot survival percent can reach 98.9%.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of selenium-rich outstanding achievement Yunnan olive, it is characterised in that the fruit diameter of the Yunnan olive is 3 ~ 6cm, and fresh fruit selenium content is not low
In 0.05mg/kg.
2. selenium-rich outstanding achievement according to claim 1 Yunnan olive, it is characterised in that the kind of the Yunnan olive is to be full of beautiful emblic
Son.
3. a kind of cultivation management method of selenium-rich outstanding achievement according to claim 1 or 2 Yunnan olive, it is characterised in that including with
Lower step:
1) seed treatment: its ripening fruits is harvested in the Yunnan Chinese olive tree of autumn and winter selection robust growth, no disease and pests harm, takes out kind
Seed is dried to water content 8 ~ 13%, carries out wet sand storage, prior to seeding progress vernalization processing in 7 ~ 15 days by son；
2) sow: by by vernalization processing Yunnan olive seed uniform broadcasting in seedling medium, after planting again covering 0.5 ~
The seedling medium of 1cm keeps seedling medium to moisten to seedling later and is unearthed；
3) it grafts: selecting within November to next year 2 months the seedling of 0.6 ~ 0.8cm of ground diameter as stock, select life in 1 ~ 2 year, axillary bud full
Full, result high yield prime of life Yunnan olive branch is as scion, and scion is with adopting with connecing, and 3 ~ 5cm is grown in each scion, after grafting in time
Except sprouting；
4) selection of land and site preparation: selection 1100~1700m of height above sea level, sunshine 2800 hours year or more, soil thickness 50cm or more, the gradient
For 8 ~ 20 ° of plot, the miscellaneous leaf of the deadwood on plot surface layer is cleaned out and flattened, applies selenium-enriched organic fertilizer, it is spare；
5) be colonized: the seedling after grafting is colonized by annual 5 ~ June on the plot Jing Guo selection of land, site preparation, when field planting, is first dug
It is colonized the pool, spacing in the rows is 2 ~ 3m, and line-spacing is 4 ~ 5m, and then seedling is implanted into the pool, guarantees that seedling root has 50 ~ 100g nursery base
Matter, then fill compaction, is watered with root water；
6) childhood tree manages: annual early Febuary and late September, the place 20 ~ 30cm digging annular groove, ditch depth on the outside of tree crown drip
30 ~ 50cm, it is primary to apply selenium-enriched organic fertilizer for ring respectively；April, July, November carry out tillage and weeding；
7) bearing-age tree management: annual early March and early November, 3 ~ 5 radiation are dug outward from the half of crown diameter
Ditch, 30 ~ 40cm of ditch depth apply that selenium-enriched organic fertilizer is primary respectively, and the position of the radial canal changes year by year；Annual 5 ~ September, every
Progress foliage-spray selenium-enriched liquid fertilizer is primary within 20 ~ 30 days, and August carries out tillage and weeding.
4. the cultivation management method of the selenium-rich outstanding achievement Yunnan olive according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described
Method further includes that step 8) is made between in the ranks: being made between tree phase childhood selection Radix Astragali carries out in the ranks, in the current year that tree phase childhood terminates
Early November harvesting, and tree disk is carried out to childhood tree using the membranous milkvetch stem and leaf of harvesting and is covered, cladding thickness is 10 ~ 15cm；It is tying
Fruit tree phase selection osmund and/or Central China Hairy Bittercress are made between carrying out in the ranks, and annual late September, which gathers in and carries out tree disk to bearing-age tree, to be covered
Lid, cladding thickness are 15 ~ 25cm.
5. the cultivation management method of the selenium-rich outstanding achievement Yunnan olive according to claim 3, it is characterised in that step (1)
Described in vernalization be 30 ~ 60h of hot-water soak that seed to be sowed first is used to 30 ~ 40 DEG C, then using blinding to warp
The seed for crossing first time hot-water soak is rubbed, and rubbing at least 1 cut on each seed then uses 20 ~ 25 DEG C
Warm water impregnate 1 ~ 3h.
6. the cultivation management method of the selenium-rich outstanding achievement Yunnan olive according to claim 3, it is characterised in that step (2)
Described in seedling medium include field planting soil 10 ~ 20 parts, 5 ~ 10 parts of peat soil, 4 ~ 6 parts of fertile soil, 1 ~ 3 part of coco bran, deer natural pond soil 1 ~
3 parts, 2 ~ 4 parts of pine nut；The preparation method of the seedling medium is that each raw material is first used 10 ~ 20min of moise-heat sterilization, then will
Field planting soil, peat soil, fertile soil, coco bran, the deer natural pond soil of formula rate are sufficiently mixed, and length is finally not more than to the pine nut of 2cm
It is layered on lowest level, then mixed raw material is uniformly layered on above pine nut layer, obtains seedling medium.
7. the cultivation management method of the selenium-rich outstanding achievement Yunnan olive according to claim 3, it is characterised in that step (4)
Described in plot be deserted mountain wasteland suitable for afforestation, defective and low effect forest land, degenerate arable land one of or it is a variety of.
8. the cultivation management method of the selenium-rich outstanding achievement Yunnan olive according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described
Selenium-enriched organic fertilizer includes the raw material of following parts by weight: 10 ~ 20 parts of plant stem-leaf, 8 ~ 12 parts of animal excreta, 5 ~ 8 parts of fertile soil, sub- selenium
0.05 ~ 0.5 part of acid sodium aqueous solution；The plant stem-leaf includes one of Radix Astragali, osmund, Central China Hairy Bittercress cauline leaf or more
Kind；The preparation method of the selenium-enriched organic fertilizer is first to be sufficiently mixed plant stem-leaf, animal excreta and fertile soil uniformly, and compost is rotten
It is ripe, the water of the weight such as addition in sodium selenite is configured to sodium selenite aqueous solution, it is in composting process that sodium selenite is water-soluble
Liquid is added in batches, and is uniformly mixed, to sufficiently decomposed.
9. the cultivation management method of the selenium-rich outstanding achievement Yunnan olive according to claim 3, it is characterised in that step (7)
Described in selenium-enriched liquid fertilizer be organic selenium amino-acid nutrition liquid, spraying time be selection fine day at dusk sprayed, the amount of spraying
It is advisable with blade face wetting.
10. a kind of application of selenium-rich outstanding achievement according to claim 1 or 2 Yunnan olive on extraction selenoprotein, selenium polysaccharide.
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