CN112056039B - Phyllanthus emblica seed treatment method - Google Patents
Phyllanthus emblica seed treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112056039B CN112056039B CN202011021852.0A CN202011021852A CN112056039B CN 112056039 B CN112056039 B CN 112056039B CN 202011021852 A CN202011021852 A CN 202011021852A CN 112056039 B CN112056039 B CN 112056039B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for treating phyllanthus emblica seeds. The method for treating the emblic leafflower fruit seeds has the advantages that the waxiness on the outer layers of the seeds is removed under the condition of hot water soaking, the seeds are soaked by the NAA solution, the germination rate and the seedling survival rate of the emblic leafflower fruit seeds are greatly improved, the seedlings of the obtained emblic leafflower fruit are robust, the preservation rate and the survival rate are high, the seedling culture and planting period of the emblic leafflower fruit is effectively shortened, the field adaptability is high after planting, the yield is high, and the benefit is good.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a method for treating phyllanthus emblica seeds.
Background
Phyllanthus emblica (Phyllanthus embilica) is a deciduous tree or shrub of Phyllanthus of Euphorbiaceae, commonly known as olive and fructus Phyllanthi, and is sour, sweet, crisp, sour and astringent in taste when eaten at first, and sweet and tasty after eaten, so it is named as Phyllanthus emblica. The emblic leafflower fruit is mainly distributed in tropical zone and tropical zone of south Asia, China is distributed in Yunnan province, Fujian province, Guangdong province, Guangxi province, Sichuan province, Hainan province and the like, and the content of vitamin C in the emblic leafflower fruit reaches 5.0-7.7 mg g-1Has the characteristics of high stability, no loss in heating and concentration, storage resistance, easy absorption by human bodies and the like; the SOD enzyme activity is also high, and the completely mature fruit can reach 300units g-1About, the fruit is an ideal health-care wild fruit integrating edible and medicinal functions, and is specified as one of 3 health-care plants popularized and planted in the world by the health organization of the united nations.
The phyllanthus emblica is naturally distributed in tropical and tropical regions in south China, particularly in the southwest river valley, but has great development potential, and becomes the first choice for regulating and controlling the structure of important economic forest species, ecological public welfare forest building species and forest stand in southwest river valley regions, Fujian, Guangdong, Zhejiang and the like in China. At present, the emblic leafflower fruit is mainly bred by adopting seeds, but the emblic leafflower fruit seeds have the characteristics of hard seed coats, waxy coating on the outer layers and difficult water absorption and expansion, the untreated seeds are irregular in germination and long in germination period, the germination rate of the seeds is 30-50% about 1 year after sowing, the seedling growing uniformity is low, and the seedling growing potential is weak. Therefore, how to effectively improve the germination rate of the emblic leafflower fruit seeds and obtain seedlings with regular and consistent properties and excellent growth is a key technology which limits the development of the emblic leafflower fruit industry and needs to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a method for treating emblic leafflower fruit seeds with high germination rate and excellent growth.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for treating fructus Phyllanthi seed comprises hot water dewaxing fructus Phyllanthi seed, NAA soaking seed for promoting germination, and accelerating germination.
Preferably, the selected seeds are soaked in hot water at the temperature of 50-60 ℃ for 1-2 hours, then naturally cooled, and hot water dewaxing is carried out.
Optionally, the NAA seed soaking is to soak the seeds for 4-6 h with NAA solution, and preferably for 4 h.
Optionally, the concentration of the NAA solution is 120-160 ppm, preferably 130-150 ppm.
Preferably, the seed treatment mode also comprises that the seeds soaked by the NAA solution are washed clean by clear water, drained and placed in a cool and ventilated place indoors, and plastic cloth or a film is padded for promoting germination.
Preferably, the drained seeds are sprayed with clean water for 1-2 times in the morning and evening every day, and when the temperature exceeds 28 ℃ or the humidity is lower than 40%, the seeds are sprayed with the clean water for 1 time within 3-4 hours and are turned over slightly.
Preferably, the germination is accelerated after the seeds are sprayed with clear water for 2-3 days.
Preferably, the pregermination is carried out by paving river sand with the thickness of 3-4 cm in a seedling raising facility, paving the germinated seeds on the river sand, covering the river sand with the thickness of 0.5-1.0 cm, and finally covering straws or straw mats.
Preferably, a sunshade net or a small plastic arched shed is erected on the seedling raising facility.
Preferably, the relative humidity of the seedling raising sand layer is kept between 40 and 60 percent, the temperature in the seedling raising facility is kept between 22 and 26 ℃, and the shading rate is 60 to 70 percent.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method for treating the emblic leafflower fruit seeds adopts hot water for dewaxing and NAA hormone to treat the emblic leafflower fruit seeds, so that the seedling culture period of the emblic leafflower fruit is shortened to about 170 days, the seed germination rate is improved to more than 93 percent, the seedling survival rate is more than 95 percent, and the excellent seedling survival rate is more than 96 percent. The germination rate, the preservation rate and the survival rate of the phyllanthus emblica seeds are greatly improved, the raised phyllanthus emblica seedlings are robust, the seedling raising and seed period is effectively shortened, the field adaptability is strong after planting, the yield is high, and the benefit is good.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for treating phyllanthus emblica seeds, which comprises the following steps: hot water dewaxing, NAA seed soaking to promote germination and germination.
According to the hot water dewaxing method disclosed by the invention, the preferred mode is that the emblic leafflower fruit seeds are soaked in hot water at the temperature of 50-60 ℃ for 1-2 hours and then naturally cooled, so that the seed wax can be well removed, and the seed germination is promoted.
The invention soaks the wax-removed seeds NAA to promote germination. As a preferred technical scheme, the concentration of the NAA solution is 120-160 ppm, and further 130-150 ppm; the time for soaking the seeds in the NAA solution is preferably 4-6 h, and further 5 h. The emblic leafflower fruit seed soaking with the NAA solution can promote embryo differentiation, internal germination hormone formation and germination rate, and can remarkably promote seed germination rate and improve uniformity.
The seeds soaked by the NAA solution are washed clean by clear water, drained and placed in a cool and ventilated place indoors, and plastic cloth or a film is padded for promoting germination. The method sprays the drained seeds with clean water for 1-2 times in the morning and evening every day. And if the temperature exceeds 28 ℃ or the humidity is lower than 40%, spraying clear water for 1 time within 3-4 hours. And slightly turning seeds in the germination promotion process. Because the seeds of the emblic leafflower fruits are small and easy to lose moisture, the humidity and the moisture of the seeds (seed coats and the interior of the seeds) can be kept by spraying clear water in the bud promoting process, and the seeds can be prevented from being easily rotten and rotten by breeding fungi, bacteria and the like after the lower plastic cloth or the film is in contact with the seeds for too long time by turning the seeds. Accelerating germination for 2-3 days.
The invention carries out germination accelerating treatment on the seeds for promoting germination, and comprises the following steps: river sand is laid at the bottom of the seedling raising facility, seeds are laid on the river sand, and the seeds are covered with the river sand and straws or straw mats.
According to the preferable technical scheme, river sand with the thickness of 3-4 cm is paved in a seedling raising facility, germinated seeds are paved on the river sand, the seeds are covered with the river sand with the thickness of 0.5-1.0 cm, and finally straws or straw mats are covered. The germination accelerating treatment of the invention keeps the relative humidity of the seedling sand layer at 40-60%, which is beneficial to the germination and growth of seeds.
The invention carries out germination accelerating treatment on the seeds for promoting germination and also comprises the step of building a sunshade net or a small plastic arched shed on a seedling raising facility. The method has the advantages that the shading net or the plastic small arched shed is erected, so that the temperature in the seedling raising facility can be kept at 22-26 ℃, the shading rate is 60-70%, the seed germination is prevented from being limited by the temperature and the humidity of the natural environment, the occupied area is small, the utilization rate is high, and the technical problems of low sowing germination rate, low survival rate, lack of propagation materials and the like in the traditional production of the phyllanthus emblica are solved.
The method for treating the emblic leafflower fruit seeds can greatly improve the germination rate, the survival rate and the excellent nursery stock rate of the emblic leafflower fruit seeds, effectively shortens the period of seedling culture and planting of the emblic leafflower fruit seeds, and has high field preservation rate and survival rate.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The method comprises the steps of selecting full phyllanthus emblica seeds without diseases and insect pests, soaking the seeds in hot water at 50 ℃ for 2 hours, naturally cooling the seeds, and removing the wax on the seeds. Soaking the seeds subjected to wax removal in a NAA solution with the concentration of 140ppm for 4 hours, washing the seeds with clear water, draining, placing the seeds in a cool and ventilated place indoors, laying plastic cloth, spraying clear water for 1-2 times in the morning and evening every day, spraying clear water for 1 time in 3-4 hours when the temperature exceeds 28 ℃ or the humidity is lower than 40%, and slightly turning over the seeds to promote seed germination. And (3) paving river sand with the thickness of 3cm in a seedling raising facility after 2 days, paving germinated seeds on the river sand, covering the seeds with the river sand with the thickness of 0.5cm, finally covering straws, and erecting a shading net on the seedling raising facility to keep the relative humidity of a seedling raising sand layer at 40-60%, keeping the temperature in the seedling raising facility at 22-26 ℃, carrying out germination acceleration under the condition that the shading rate is 60-70%, and sowing and raising seedlings when 80-90% of the embryonic roots of the seeds grow to about 0.5 cm.
Example 2
The method comprises the steps of selecting full emblic leafflower fruit seeds without diseases and insect pests, soaking the seeds in hot water at 55 ℃ for 1 hour, naturally cooling the seeds, and removing wax on the seeds. Soaking the seeds subjected to wax removal in a NAA solution with the concentration of 150ppm for 4 hours, washing the seeds with clear water, draining, placing the seeds in a cool and ventilated place indoors, bedding a film, spraying clear water for 1-2 times in the morning and evening every day, spraying clear water for 1 time in 3-4 hours when the temperature exceeds 28 ℃ or the humidity is lower than 40%, and slightly turning over the seeds to promote seed germination. And (3) paving river sand with the thickness of 4cm in a seedling facility after 2 days, paving germinated seeds on the river sand, covering the seeds with river sand with the thickness of 1cm, finally covering a straw mat, and erecting an arch shed on the seedling facility to keep the relative humidity of a seedling sand layer at 40-60%, keeping the temperature in the seedling facility at 22-26 ℃, accelerating germination under the condition that the shading rate is 60-70%, and sowing and seedling can be carried out when 80-90% of the embryonic roots of the seeds grow to about 0.5 cm.
Example 3
Selecting seeds: selecting plants with good dry type, large fruits and no plant diseases and insect pests, collecting fruits with luster, no plant diseases and insect pests, easy core separation and good taste when the fruits are changed from green to light yellow or light green and semitransparent, drying the collected fruits in the sun under natural light until the fruit peels are broken or stacked and rotted, placing the fruits in water for flushing and smashing, taking out the kernels after rinsing, spreading out and insolating, collecting seeds after the kernels are cracked, and removing the core shells, impurities and unsaturated seeds by adopting a water separation method.
Seed treatment: soaking the selected seeds in 60 ℃ hot water for 1.5 hours, naturally cooling, and removing the wax on the seeds. Soaking the seeds subjected to wax removal in a NAA solution with the concentration of 150ppm for 4 hours, washing the seeds with clear water, draining, placing the seeds in a cool and ventilated place indoors, bedding a thin film, spraying clear water for 1-2 times in the morning and evening every day, spraying clear water for 1 time in 3-4 hours when the temperature exceeds 28 ℃ or the humidity is lower than 40%, and slightly turning the seeds to promote seed germination. And (3) paving river sand with the thickness of 3cm in a seedling facility after 2 days, paving germinated seeds on the river sand, covering the seeds with the river sand with the thickness of 1cm, finally covering straws, and erecting a shading net on the seedling facility to keep the relative humidity of a seedling sand layer at 40-60%, keeping the temperature in the seedling facility at 22-26 ℃, carrying out germination acceleration under the condition that the shading rate is 60-70%, and sowing and seedling raising can be carried out when 80-90% of embryonic roots of the seeds grow to about 0.5 cm. And counting the germination rate, survival rate, excellent seedling rate and seedling period of the seeds.
Comparative example 1
The obtained emblic leafflower seeds are selected according to the seed selection mode of the example 3 and put into 0.2 percent of FeSO4The solution was soaked for 2 hours, washed with distilled water for 3 times, drained and placed in a cool and ventilated place indoors, and the rest of the treatment was the same as in example 3.
Comparative example 2
The obtained emblic leafflower seeds are selected according to the seed selection method in the embodiment 3, the seeds are firstly placed into acid solutions with different pH values equal to 4.0 to be soaked for 30min, the distilled water is washed for 3 times, the seeds are dried, the seeds are soaked for 30s by using 75% ethanol, the distilled water is washed for 1-2 times, then the seeds are disinfected by using 10% CaClO solution for 20min, the distilled water is washed for 5-6 times, the seeds are drained and then placed in an indoor cool and ventilated place, and the rest of the treatment methods are the same as those in the embodiment 3.
Comparative example 3
The obtained emblic leafflower seeds are selected according to the seed selection method in the embodiment 3, washed by clean water, drained and placed in a cool and ventilated place indoors, and the rest of the treatment methods are the same as those in the embodiment 3.
Comparative example 4
The obtained emblic leafflower seeds are selected according to the seed selection mode of the embodiment 3, washed by clean water, drained and dibbled on a seedbed of a nursery land for sowing.
TABLE 1 comparison of germination and growth of Emblica officinalis seeds by different treatments
| Seed germination Rate (%) | Survival rate (%) | Good seedling rate (%) | Seedling period (d) | |
| Example 1 | 93.05％ | 95.16％ | 96.28％ | 170 |
| Example 2 | 94.08％ | 95.34％ | 96.07％ | 165 |
| Example 3 | 93.15％ | 95.27％ | 96.39％ | 170 |
| Comparative example 1 | 74.36％ | 85.39％ | 76.44％ | 190 |
| Comparative example 2 | 64.21％ | 83.12％ | 75.61％ | 187 |
| Comparative example 3 | 53.22％ | 85.18％ | 55.39％ | 195 |
| Comparative example 4 | 42.58％ | 81.24％ | 45.37％ | 200 |
The test results in table 1 show that the phyllanthus emblica seed treatment mode shortens the seedling raising period to be less than 170 days, improves the seed germination rate to be more than 93%, the seedling survival rate to be more than 95% and the excellent seedling survival rate to be more than 96%, effectively shortens the seedling raising seedling period of phyllanthus emblica, improves the excellent seedling survival rate, enables the raised phyllanthus emblica seedlings to grow robustly and has high field afforestation preservation rate and survival rate.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The phyllanthus emblica seed treatment method is characterized by comprising the following steps: hot water dewaxing, NAA seed soaking to promote germination and germination;
the hot water dewaxing mode is that the selected seeds are soaked in hot water at the temperature of 50-60 ℃ for 1-2 hours and then naturally cooled;
the NAA seed soaking is to soak seeds for 4-6 h by using an NAA solution;
the concentration of the NAA solution is 120-160 ppm.
2. The method for treating the emblic leafflower fruit seeds according to claim 1, wherein the seeds soaked by the NAA solution are washed clean by clear water, drained and placed in a cool and ventilated place, and a plastic cloth or a film is laid under the seeds to promote germination.
3. The method for treating the emblic leafflower fruit seeds as claimed in claim 2, wherein the drained seeds are sprayed with clear water 1-2 times in the morning and evening every day, and when the temperature exceeds 28 ℃ or the humidity is lower than 40%, the clear water is sprayed for 1 time within 3-4 hours, and the seeds are turned slightly.
4. The method for treating the emblic leafflower fruit seeds according to claim 3, wherein the time for spraying clear water for treatment is 2-3 days.
5. The emblic leafflower fruit seed treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the pregermination is that river sand with a thickness of 3-4 cm is paved in a seedling raising facility, the germinated seeds are paved on the river sand, then the river sand with a thickness of 0.5-1.0 cm is covered, and finally straw or straw mats are covered.
6. The method for processing the emblic leafflower fruit seeds according to claim 5, wherein a sunshade net or a plastic small shed is erected on the seedling raising facility.
7. The method for treating the emblic leafflower fruit seeds according to claim 5, wherein the relative humidity of the seedling raising sand layer is kept between 40 and 60 percent, the temperature in a seedling raising facility is kept between 22 and 26 ℃, and the shading rate is 60 to 70 percent.
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