CN105557320A - Greenhouse stock grafting, propagation and seedling method for nectarines - Google Patents
Greenhouse stock grafting, propagation and seedling method for nectarines Download PDFInfo
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- CN105557320A CN105557320A CN201510971091.8A CN201510971091A CN105557320A CN 105557320 A CN105557320 A CN 105557320A CN 201510971091 A CN201510971091 A CN 201510971091A CN 105557320 A CN105557320 A CN 105557320A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
Abstract
The invention discloses a greenhouse stock grafting, propagation and seedling method for nectarines. The method comprises the following steps: a wild peach seedling provided with ground diameter being 1.0-1.4cm and full terminal buds and not suffering from pest or disease damage is selected; a nectarine mother tree which grows vigorously without pest or disease damage is selected, a fully-developed current grown branch, which has the branch diameter being 0.8-1.0cm and a full main bud, on the periphery of the middle part of a crown is cut off and taken as a scion, a shrinkage segment at the root is cut off for 1-2cm, and the root is immersed in NAA (naphthalene acetic acid) at 500-600 mg/L; on the day before grafting, a nursery land is thoroughly irrigated, the scion with a petiole is cut in early July for budding, and the scion is coated with film for moisture preservation after grafting; full-exposure spray management is adopted after grafting, the day temperature is maintained at 15-25 DEG C in the greenhouse, the soil humidity is kept at 70%-90%, and foliage fertilizer is sprayed three times. By using the method for grafting, propagation and seedling of the nectarines, the seedling rate is 89.65% or more, the survival rate is 96.2% or more, the qualitative characters of grafted seedlings of the nectarines are outstanding, and stress resistance is high.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural plantation technology field, belong to field of fruit tree cultivation especially, relate to a kind of greenhouse bred turtle seedling grafting breeding and seedling method.
Background technology
Nectarine (Prunuspersicavar.nectarina) belongs to perennial tone fruit trees for rose family peach, economy, society and the ecological value are higher, be the important nonwood forest trees of China, originate in the ground such as Xinjiang of China and Gansu, germ plasm resource is very abundant.It is the color leaf and green tree species that in afforestation in recent years, Application comparison is many that facility views and admires class nectarine, not only for abundant local protected fruit trees resource and to increase City Green view of great advantage, also can increase the diversity of Landscape Trees configuration, for local modern agriculture industrial structure adjustment provides technical support.It is more that the kind selected is produced in the cultivation of China greenhouse bred turtle, at present based on ' dawn ', ' the domestic autonomous seed selection main breed such as middle peasant Jin Shuo '.In recent years, along with the development of modern agriculture with high efficiency, China's greenhouse bred turtle area under cultivation expands year by year, and quickly breeding high-quality, safe seedling are the basic assurances that new varieties expand Demonstration And Extension.Current propagation by grafiting nursery is as the vegetative a kind of mode of fruit nursery stock, large by such environmental effects in production practices, to nectarine propagation by grafiting nursery on producing, is main, does not have objective data reference mainly with personal experience; And different grafting period, stock specification etc. are larger on the impact of nectarine grafting survival rate, planting percent and amount of growth.But not yet set up the greenhouse culture nursery stock raising technology system of a set of suitable different Nectarine Cultivars Revealed (strain) at present for producing upper application, for other fruit trees, greenhouse bred turtle seedling-wood breeding technical system demands perfection urgently.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the above-mentioned deficiency for prior art, a kind of greenhouse bred turtle seedling grafting breeding and seedling method is provided.
Object of the present invention realizes by following technical scheme:
A kind of greenhouse bred turtle seedling grafting breeding and seedling method, comprises the following steps:
(1), stock pretreatment: choose leading thread 1.0 ~ 1.4cm, height of seedling 80 ~ 100cm, the long I grade of side radical more than 5 of long more than the 26cm of root, >=5cm, be stock without the wild peach seedling of damage by disease and insect, with wild peach seedling being planted in Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat Seedlings nursery; Wherein, described Seedlings nursery ground soil property is mixed by sandy loam and fertilizer, and described sandy loam, the volume ratio of fertilizer are 4:1;
(2), scion Acquire and process: choose the nectarine elite stand without damage by disease and insect, in the middle part of clip tree crown, the annual shoot of periphery, branch diameter 0.8 ~ 1.0cm is as scion, cut off base portion 1 ~ 2cm drying shrinkage section, soak base portion 10 ~ 12h with 500 ~ 600mg/LNAA;
(3), band petiole bud grafting: water permeable before grafting 1d Seedlings nursery, in early or mid July, cut to get and be with petiolate scion to carry out bud grafting, wrap up interface with plastic film sleeve after grafting, then cover Hydra plastic film and carry out film moisturizing;
(4), managing after grafting: after grafting, adopt full exposure spraying management, in maintenance Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat, day temperature is at 15 ~ 25 DEG C, soil moisture is 70% ~ 90%, 45d, 60d and 75d after grafting, spray foliage fertilizer respectively 1 time, carry out conventional field management; Cultivate and within 4 ~ 6 months, obtain nectarine grafting finished product.
In step (1), the leading thread of described stock is preferably 1.2cm.Choose leading thread 1.2cm, height of seedling 80 ~ 100cm, the long I grade of side radical more than 5 of long more than the 26cm of root, >=5cm, terminal bud full, be stock without the wild peach seedling of damage by disease and insect.
Wild peach seedling of the present invention is planted in Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat Seedlings nursery ground by distance between rows and hills 2 × 1m.
Fertilizer of the present invention is made up of turfy soil, decomposed cow dung, furfural dregs, soya-bean cake and corn flour, the weight proportion of described turfy soil, decomposed cow dung, furfural dregs, soya-bean cake and corn flour is 1:2 ~ 4:0.6 ~ 0.8:0.5 ~ 1:0.1 ~ 0.3, is preferably 1:3.2:0.7:0.8:0.2.
In step (2), preferably soak scion base portion 12h with 500mg/LNAA.Choose without damage by disease and insect, the healthy and strong nectarine elite stand that grows fine, periphery in the middle part of clip tree crown, branch diameter 0.8 ~ 1.0cm, main bud be full, grow the annual shoot of enriching as scion,
In step (3), the concrete operations of band petiole bud grafting are: cut and get the petiolate scion of band, carry out bud grafting at stock apart from 10cm place, ground; Preferably carry out bud grafting apart from ground 10cm by smooth place, southern side at stock.
Hydra plastic film of the present invention is 20 μm of thick self-adhering-type PE material films.
In step (4), after grafting survival, outwards wipe out anvil at 0.5 ~ 1.0cm place, interface top and do, clip is the shape of a hoof, is convenient to interface healing; When growing to 7 ~ 10cm Deng nectarine young sprout, solution is tied up, and removes Hydra plastic film and plastic film sleeve, assigns brace to be fixed, tied up young sprout at stock welt, long in guiding.The judgement of grafting survival: after grafting 7 ~ 8d, grafting port part occurs too fat to move, and secretes some colloidal objects, and contact pin is dark green shape, touching namely to fall, just showing grafting survival as retained petiole one.
In method of the present invention, described foliage fertilizer is the nutrient solution containing N, P, K, and the concentration of described N, P, K is followed successively by 350mg/L, 30mg/L and 60mg/L.
In method of the present invention, described conventional field management comprises bud picking, loosens the soil, weeding, water and a series of field planting management such as the extermination of disease and insect pest.
Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat of the present invention, it comprises between rear wall, the greenhouse forward foot in a step, east side gable, west side gable, greenhouse bow member, buffering; Described rear wall comprises fixing rear wall and wall support structure, and described fixing rear wall comprises inner wall, heat-insulation layer and exterior wall outward by interior; Described inner wall is piled up by common brick and is formed, and described heat-insulation layer is styrofoam, and described exterior wall is piled up by common brick and formed; Wall be provided with dismounting in described wall support structure after, after dismounting, wall can free installation and removal; After described dismounting, the inner side of wall is coated with fly net, and after dismounting, the outer side covers of wall has plastic film; Described wall support structure comprises inner column, outer column, lacing wire, crossbeam and longeron, described inner column is equidistantly arranged along rear wall length direction, outer column dislocation is arranged in the middle of two adjacent inner columns, inner column, outer column, lacing wire, crossbeam and longeron form a box supporting construction jointly, this Stability Analysis of Structures performance is comparatively strong, and the load born by Sunlight greenhouse frame directly passes in ground; Described greenhouse bow member is the coating steel pipe fabricated construction be made up of top boom, lower boom, connector and longitudinal tie, every root top boom and the lower boom corresponding with it are hinged to assembled bow member by connector, the hinged top being fixed on the greenhouse forward foot in a step and rear wall respectively, two ends of top boom and lower boom, top boom is connected with longitudinal tie by wire clip at east-west direction with lower boom, forms network structure; Described greenhouse bow member is provided with many tie-beams, and the two ends of tie-beam are separately fixed on the assembled bow member that is hinged to by connector by top boom and lower boom; Described tie-beam is obliquely installed, and tie-beam becomes 10 ~ 30 degree of angles with horizontal plane; Described greenhouse bow member comprises front roof and adverse grade, and be respectively equipped with top portion ventilation window and sidepiece vent window at the top of described front roof and sidepiece along east-west direction, described top portion ventilation window and sidepiece vent window are all furnished with fly net and plastic film; Described front roof is coated with canopy film except the empty air regulator in top and sidepiece vent window, and canopy film film-pressing line compresses, and described canopy film is coated with thermal insulation quilt, and thermal insulation quilt is put by volume film mechanism controls volume; Roofing after described adverse grade is provided with; The west side of the rear wall of greenhouse by solar heat is positioned between described buffering.
The thick 240mm of described inner wall, described insulation thickness 100mm, the thick 120mm of described exterior wall.
Described inner column arranges a place along the every 4m of rear wall length separation, arranges longeron respectively, arrange crossbeam along rear wall width at described inner column and outer column top along rear wall length direction.After described dismounting, wall is piled up by stalk block and is formed.Wall not load-bearing after dismounting, but jointly form a box supporting construction by inner column, outer column, lacing wire, crossbeam and longeron, this Stability Analysis of Structures performance is comparatively strong, and the load born by Sunlight greenhouse frame directly passes in ground.After dismounting, in wall, outside covers fly net and plastic film respectively, can carry out rainy day waterproof, insect protected in summer, and winter, control was wet.After the greenhouse bow member of Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat of the present invention and rear roofing construction, carry out waterproof and isothermal holding in rear roofing and Hou Qiang junction and Hou Qiang top.Do on described Hou Qiang top process of dripping, overboardly drench Hou Qiang to reduce the rainy day.
Described rear wall through after wall damp-proof layer, ram bed course be connected with ground, described rear wall damp-proof layer comprises the waterproof mortar course and linoleum that arrange from top to bottom; Described waterproof mortar thickness 20mm, the thick 2mm of linoleum.Rear wall damp-proof layer can not only waterproof, and after making dismounting, the stalk block of wall does not make moist, and also helps compacting and rams bed course upright post basic, increase infrastructure stability.
Be provided with forward foot in a step built-in fitting in the described greenhouse forward foot in a step, wall built-in fitting after the crossbeam of described rear wall is provided with, forward foot in a step built-in fitting and rear wall built-in fitting hinged with greenhouse bow member respectively.
Be provided with forward foot in a step heat-insulation layer in the outside of the described greenhouse forward foot in a step, described forward foot in a step heat-insulation layer is the thick styrofoam of 50mm.
The plastic film rolls that top portion ventilation window and sidepiece vent window are furnished with is the pull-type plastic film of volume, and during the rainy day, the pull-type covered rearing with plastic film vent window of drop-down volume carries out waterproof.The width of described top portion ventilation window is 80 ~ 100cm, and the width of described sidepiece vent window is 80 ~ 100cm.
Described canopy film is the long-lived fogging-resistance film of aging-resistant polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride.
Described thermal insulation quilt is acrylic staple fibre and cold-proof felt composite thermal-insualting quilt, and described acrylic staple fibre and cold-proof felt complex heat-preservation are included 2 layers of acrylic staple fibre thermal insulation quilt and 2 layers of cold-proof felt, and acrylic staple fibre thermal insulation quilt and cold-proof felt alternately lay stitching.Acrylic staple fibre thermal insulation quilt and each 2 layers of cold-proof felt are commercially available prod, and those skilled in the art can by buying commercially available acrylic staple fibre thermal insulation quilt and cold-proof felt and carry out processing or directly by producer's customized production.Put by the volume of Juan Mo mechanism reed time controll composite thermal-insualting quilt, composite thermal-insualting quilt can meet the demands completely in heat-insulating property, solve problems such as " film that front roof covers are because solar radiation on daytime is through soon; heat loss is slow; and heat radiation at night is exceedingly fast; only rely on film thermal insulating to be nowhere near ", the utilization of composite thermal-insualting quilt, effectively compensate for short, the shortcoming such as heat insulation effect is undesirable, permeability is slightly poor in greenhouse conventional careless felt service life.The technology that Juan Mo mechanism is known to the skilled person.
Described backhouse face comprises from interior the single-faced color steel plate, expansion polyphenyl plate, cement, flyash haydites of book structure screed-coat, SBS modified bituminous pitch coiled material watertight composition, cement mortar protective course and the GMC backhouse stiffened panel that set gradually outward.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
The greenhouse that the inventive method is optimized, soil property proportioning, onset can be worked in coordination with between the factors of influence such as grafting process and grafting method, optimal level is in Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat, adopt sandy loam: fertilizer=4:1 soil property formula, early or mid July adopts the bud grafting of 1.2cm leading thread stock band petiole, grafting rear port adopts greenhouse film moisturizing process, more single optimization process not only ensures that nectarine scion and stock form layer contact area and maximize, especially between healing contact surface, enough parenchyma cells are produced, remarkable quickening anvil fringe healing rate, grafting amount of growth can also be improved, strengthen seedling resistance, and then promote nursery stock robust growth.The inventive method carries out nectarine seedling grafting breeding and seedling in Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat, lower to technical requirement in grafting procedures, and nectarine grafting qualitative character is excellent, and nursery stock growing way is good, and planting percent is more than 89.65%, and survival rate is more than 96.2%.Can garden be gone out then, grafting then can be realized, when year's harvest garden and the object when annual bearing.
The present invention is optimized traditional graft technology, by taking various technical measures to set up high-quality and efficient greenhouse bred turtle propagation by grafiting technical system in production practices, solution nectarine grafting morphological characters can be concentrated poor, planting percent and the problem such as survival rate is low, so promote produce in significantly improve the economic benefit of seeling industry.Greenhouse propagation by grafiting nursery has played great function on China's nectarine seedling year-round supply, not only alleviate the contradiction of producing between seasonal and consumption equilibrium, this technology is also utilized to produce high-grade seedling, enrich nursery stock kind, famous-particular-excellent nursery stock, seasonal nursery stock, substantially meet and vastly produce cultivation enterprise and the demand of orchard worker, enhance the occupation rate of nectarine nursery stock in fruits and vegetables market and competitiveness.In addition, the economic benefit that the present invention adopts band petiole bud grafting nectarine to produce is apparently higher than other traditional grafting methods, and one is that this grafting method all can carry out other periods except winter, as unsuccessful in first grafting, can grafting on the spot after stock rudiment, grafting efficiency improves greatly; Two is that the method field management is convenient, reduces seedling cost; Band petiole bud grafting grafting is short for vegetative period, and input expenditure is less, and individual plant average income is higher; Three be unit are can nursery stock number many, the unit are output value is high, reaches 19.5 ten thousand strains/hm
2, economic benefit reaches 97.5 ten thousand yuan/hm
2.
The Optimization-type sunlight greenhouse structure that the inventive method adopts is simple, more stable and stronger, build and easy accessibility, recycling rate of waterused is high, and cost of investment is low, heat storing and heat preserving effect is given prominence to, during practice is produced, winter reduces heat loss, can guarantee temperature needs during crop production, other, ventilation effect was even in season, crop production moisture requirement can be met, and possess insect protected, waterproof, good looking appearance and the feature such as operating space is large.Be embodied in: adopt acrylic staple fibre and cold-proof felt composite thermal-insualting quilt, make full use of its heat preservation property, better as its insulating power of covering outside greenhouse, after covering greenhouse temperature be significantly higher than common cotton be capped after greenhouse temperature, in greenhouse, 15cm ground temperature is also significantly higher than common cotton and is capped greenhouse; And composite thermal-insualting quilt long service life, permeability are good.Compared with wall after tradition, the wall support structural stability of the rear wall that the present invention adopts is strong, dismounting body of wall can free installation and removal, can heat-insulation and heat-preservation, reduce heat loss in winter, good heat-insulating property when ensureing that Solar Greenhouse in Winter is produced, meets the temperature needs of greenhouse by solar heat, again can be aeration-cooling, guarantee that other ventilation effect even in season.Greenhouse bow member is provided with the night insulation effect that tie-beam can promote front roof on the one hand, to the indoor temperature improving greenhouse by solar heat night, there is vital effect, greenhouse bow member can be made to have good durability and structural stability on the other hand, play the effect that greenhouse globality is reinforced, increase the service life in greenhouse.It is 25 degree by arranging front roof angle (lighting roof angle), improve greenhouse material materials such as () steel pipes that intensity is large, sectional area is little, optimize the measures such as Greenhouse Construction type (without pillar structure), under the condition without any measure of heating, greenhouse light transmittance generally can reach 75% ~ 80%, and light transmittance at least improves 4.1% compared with ordinary greenhouse, increases temperature more than 3.9 DEG C winter, winter, indoor maintenance ground temperature was at about 11 DEG C, facilitated indoor crops growth.Sidepiece vent window and the top portion ventilation window of Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat can form cross-ventilation, promote indoor air circulation, be beneficial to hot-air to be got rid of rapidly by top portion ventilation window, both the even temperature at indoor each position, significantly reduce indoor temperature again, during the rainy day, the drop-down covering vent window of the pull-type plastic film of volume on top portion ventilation window and sidepiece vent window is carried out waterproof.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat plane that the present invention adopts.
Fig. 2 is the south elevation figure of the Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat that the present invention adopts.
Fig. 3 is the east elevation figure of the Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat that the present invention adopts.
Fig. 4 is the western elevation of the Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat that the present invention adopts.
Fig. 5 is the A-A profile of Fig. 1.
Fig. 6 is the rear wall construction schematic diagram of the Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat that the present invention adopts.
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of the greenhouse forward foot in a step of the Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat that the present invention adopts.
In figure, wall after 1-, the forward foot in a step of 2-greenhouse, 3-east side gable, 4-west side gable, 5-greenhouse bow member, roofing after 6-, 7-top boom, 8-lower boom, 9-connector, 10-longitudinal tie, 11-front roof, 12-canopy film, 13-thermal insulation quilt, wall after 14-is fixing, 15-wall support structure, wall after 16-dismounting, 17-adverse grade, 18-tie-beam, 19-forward foot in a step heat-insulation layer, 20-forward foot in a step built-in fitting, wall built-in fitting after 21-, wall damp-proof layer after 22-, 23-rams bed course, 24-forward foot in a step heat-insulation layer, 141-inner wall, 142-heat-insulation layer, 143-exterior wall, 151-inner column, 152-outer column, 153-lacing wire, 154-crossbeam.
Embodiment
1 experimental field overview
Research field trial is carried out in facilities horticulture research institute of Xiuqian City nectarine germ plasm resource nursery, Growing season greenhouse temperature 15 ~ 25 DEG C, humidity 70% ~ 90%, and sunshine is sufficient, the plot of first crop seedless fruit fruit trees plantation.
2 test materials
Be the excellent Nectarine Cultivars Revealed ' red coral ' of facilities horticulture research institute of Xiuqian City introduction and acclimatization for examination material, pick up from facilities horticulture research institute of Xiuqian City nectarine Germplasm Resources in April, 2013, choose growing way good, without the seedling of damage by disease and insect for for trying material.Thered is provided by units such as College of Horticultures of Agricultural University Of Nanjing for material such as examination stock, scion etc., propagation by grafiting.
Stock: choose leading thread 1.0 ~ 1.4cm, height of seedling 80 ~ 100cm, the long I grade of side radical more than 5 of long more than the 26cm of root, >=5cm, terminal bud full, be stock without the wild peach seedling of damage by disease and insect, plant in experimental plot by distance between rows and hills 2 × 1m;
Scion: choose without damage by disease and insect, healthy and strong Nectarine Cultivars Revealed ' red coral ' the elite stand clip scion of growing fine, periphery in the middle part of clip tree crown, branch diameter 0.8 ~ 1.0cm, main bud be full, grow the annual shoot of enriching as scion, cut off base portion 1 ~ 2cm drying shrinkage section, soak base portion 12h with 500mg/LNAA.
3 experimental scheme
Adopt random blocking experimental scheme completely, in the establishment types such as Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat, carry out nectarine seedling grafting breed comparative trial, select and optimize greenhouse.Ground, garden soil property situation is improved, screens best nectarine graft seedling growth soil property formula.On this basis, the combinations such as orthogonal test analysis different grafting period, grafting method, stock specifications are adopted, the grafting treatment measures that screening is suitable.Utilize film moisturizing, bagging heats and the method etc. such as to process and carry out nectarine propagation by grafiting and test with sheltering from heat or light, analyze distinct methods to seedling planting percent, the impact of survival rate and growth amount, preferably a kind of grafting method.Integrated to key technology novelty in grafting procedures, set up greenhouse bred turtle propagation by grafiting seedling growing process system.
After grafting 6 weeks, statistics final data (comprising amount of growth index and survival rate, the planting percents etc. such as height of seedling, stem are thick, branch length, branch thick), evaluated nectarine grafting quality Q, adopts SPSS18.0 statistical software to analyze related data.
Planting percent=unit are can grafting strain number ÷ unit are to be emerged strain number × survival rate;
Evaluate nectarine grafting quality Q=survival rate × 30%+ planting percent × 30%+ height of seedling × 10%+ stem thick × 10%+ branch length × 10%+ branch thick × 10%.
3.1 different greenhouses are on the impact of Relationship between Graft Effect
In early or mid July, 2013, to grow the substantial peach of oil generation then branch for scion material, choosing 1.2cm leading thread specification wild peach is stock examination material, adopts band petiole bud grafting method to carry out nectarine propagation by grafiting nursery comparative trial (see table 1) respectively in the facilities such as ordinary construction greenhouse by solar heat, Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat, simple and easy lew, plastic tunnel and sunlight board greenhouse.Water permeable before seedling grafting, each temperature grafting 30 seedlings 1d Seedlings nursery, repeat for 3 times.Grafting 1,8,15, random sampling after 22d, observe the situations such as grafting survival rate and growth amount, each test item gets 3 seedlings.
Band petiole bud grafting method: cut to get and be with petiolate scion to carry out bud grafting, carry out bud grafting at the smooth place, southern side of leaning on of stock distance ground about 10cm; After grafting survival, outwards wipe out anvil dry (clip is the shape of a hoof, is convenient to its healing) at 0.5cm place, interface top.When growing to 7 ~ 10cm in new long nectarine branch, assign brace to be fixed at stock welt, tied up young sprout, long in guiding, as do not taken over a job, carry out secondary grafting in time.
The different grafting greenhouse of table 1
Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat as shown in Figures 1 to 7, comprises between rear wall 1, the greenhouse forward foot in a step 2, east side gable 3, west side gable 4, greenhouse bow member 5, rear roofing 6, buffering, described rear wall 1 comprises fixing rear wall 14 and wall support structure 15, and described fixing rear wall 14 comprises inner wall 141, heat-insulation layer 142 and exterior wall 143 outward by interior, described inner wall 141 is piled up by common brick and is formed, and described heat-insulation layer 142 is styrofoam, and described exterior wall 143 is piled up by common brick and formed, wall 16 be provided with dismounting in described wall support structure 15 after, after described dismounting, wall 16 is piled up by stalk block and is formed, can free installation and removal, after described dismounting, the inner side of wall 16 is coated with fly net, and after dismounting, the outer side covers of wall has plastic film, can carry out rainy day waterproof, insect protected in summer, and winter, control was wet, described wall support structure 15 comprises inner column 151, outer column 152, lacing wire 153, crossbeam 154 and longeron, described inner column 151 is equidistantly arranged along rear wall length direction, outer column 152 dislocation is arranged in the middle of two adjacent inner columns, along rear wall length direction, longeron is set respectively at described inner column 151 and outer column 152 top, along rear wall width, crossbeam 154 is set, inner column 151, outer column 152, lacing wire 153, crossbeam 154 and longeron form a box supporting construction jointly, this Stability Analysis of Structures performance is stronger, and the load born by Sunlight greenhouse frame directly passes in ground, described greenhouse bow member 5 is the coating steel pipe fabricated constructions be made up of top boom 7, lower boom 8, connector 9 and longitudinal tie 10, described top boom 7 and lower boom 8 are hinged to assembled bow member by connector 9, the hinged top being fixed on the greenhouse forward foot in a step 2 and rear wall 1 respectively, two ends of top boom 7 and lower boom 8, top boom 7 is connected with longitudinal tie 10 by wire clip at east-west direction with lower boom 8, forms network structure, described greenhouse bow member 5 is provided with tie-beam 18, the two ends of every root tie-beam 18 are separately fixed on the assembled bow member that is hinged to by connector 9 by top boom 7 and lower boom 8, tie-beam 18 is obliquely installed, 10-30 degree angle (the present embodiment is 30 degree) is become with horizontal plane, tie-beam 18 can make greenhouse bow member have good durability and structural stability, play the effect that greenhouse globality is reinforced, increase the service life in greenhouse, described greenhouse bow member 5 comprises front roof 11 and adverse grade 17, top portion ventilation window (not marking in figure) and sidepiece vent window (not marking in figure) is respectively equipped with along east-west direction at the top of described front roof 11 and sidepiece, described top portion ventilation window and sidepiece vent window are all furnished with fly net, top portion ventilation window and sidepiece vent window are equipped with the pull-type plastic film of volume, and during the rainy day, the pull-type plastic film of drop-down volume carries out waterproof for covering vent window, described front roof 11 is coated with canopy film 12 except the empty air regulator in top and sidepiece vent window, and canopy film 12 film-pressing line compresses, and described canopy film 12 is coated with thermal insulation quilt 13, and thermal insulation quilt 13 is put by volume film mechanism controls volume, roofing 6 after described adverse grade 17 is provided with, be positioned at the east side of the rear wall 1 of greenhouse by solar heat between described buffering, its length direction can freely extend, and the interior space as the storeroom of wall after dismounting and can stack farm implements, or greenhouse management workman lives.
Described rear wall 1 through after wall damp-proof layer 22, ram bed course 23 be connected with ground, described rear wall damp-proof layer 22 comprises the waterproof mortar course and linoleum that arrange from top to bottom; Rear wall damp-proof layer 22 can not only waterproof, and after making dismounting, the stalk block of wall 16 does not make moist, and also helps compacting and rams bed course upright post basic, increase infrastructure stability.Forward foot in a step heat-insulation layer 24 is provided with in the outside of the described greenhouse forward foot in a step 2.
Be provided with forward foot in a step built-in fitting 20 in the described greenhouse forward foot in a step 2, wall built-in fitting 21 after the crossbeam 154 of described rear wall 1 is provided with, forward foot in a step built-in fitting 20 and rear wall built-in fitting 21 hinged with greenhouse bow member respectively.
Described canopy film 12 is the long-lived fogging-resistance film of aging-resistant polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride.Described thermal insulation quilt 13 is acrylic staple fibre and cold-proof felt composite thermal-insualting quilt, and described acrylic staple fibre and cold-proof felt complex heat-preservation are included 2 layers of acrylic staple fibre thermal insulation quilt and 2 layers of cold-proof felt, and acrylic staple fibre thermal insulation quilt and cold-proof felt alternately lay stitching.Make full use of its heat preservation property, better as its insulating power of covering outside greenhouse, after covering greenhouse temperature be significantly higher than common cotton be capped after greenhouse temperature, in greenhouse, 15cm ground temperature is also significantly higher than common cotton and is capped greenhouse; And composite thermal-insualting quilt long service life, permeability are good.
Do on described rear wall 1 body of wall top process of dripping, overboardly drench Hou Qiang to reduce the rainy day.Wall 16 not load-bearing after the dismounting of described Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat, but jointly form a box supporting construction by inner column 151, outer column 152, lacing wire 153, crossbeam 154 and longeron, this Stability Analysis of Structures performance is comparatively strong, and the load born by Sunlight greenhouse frame directly passes in ground.
In a particular embodiment, Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat net span 9.4m, greenhouse length (east-west direction) 50m, greenhouse ridge height 3.9m, the high 2.66m of rear wall of greenhouse 1.Wherein, the high 1.3m of wall 14, buried depth 0.8m, thick 0.48m after fixing, by interior comprise outward 0.24m thick piled up by common brick inner wall 141, the thick styrofoam of 0.10m as heat-insulation layer 142 and the thick exterior wall 143 piled up by common brick of 0.12m, all adopt each 1cm of cement mortar troweling inside and outside body of wall; The high 1.36m of wall 16 after dismounting.25 °, front roof angle, this elevation angle is determined with reference to China's North Jiangsu Area actual sunshine characteristic.
Top portion ventilation window height 3.3m on described front roof bow member 7, its trend is parallel with the length in greenhouse, and width is 100cm; Be positioned at the sidepiece vent window height 1.6m in front roof bow member 7 southern side, it moves towards all parallel with the transverse direction in greenhouse (east-west direction), and width is 80cm.
Wall support structure 3 is made up of zinc-plated component, the size of inner column 151, outer column 152, lacing wire 153, crossbeam 154 and longeron is respectively the zinc-plated square steel of 70 × 50 × 3.0mm, the zinc-plated square steel of 50 × 50 × 2.0mm, 40 × 40 × 2.0mm Zinc-coated angle steel, the zinc-plated square steel of 50 × 50 × 2.0mm and the zinc-plated square steel of 50 × 50 × 2.0mm, and described inner column 151 arranges a place along the every 4m of rear wall length separation.
Described greenhouse bow member 5 is coating steel pipe, and wherein top boom 7, top boom 8 size are respectively Φ 32 × 2.5mm, Φ 25 × 2.0mm.
Described rear roofing 6 comprises from the interior 5cm set gradually outward thick single-faced color steel plate, the thick expansion polyphenyl plate of 10cm, 2cm thick 1:0.2:3.5 cement, flyash haydites of book structure screed-coat, 2cm thick SBS modified bituminous pitch coiled material watertight composition, 2cm thick 1:3 cement mortar protective course and 10cm thick GMC backhouse stiffened panel.
The waterproof mortar thickness 20mm of described rear wall damp-proof layer 22, the thick 2mm of linoleum.Described forward foot in a step heat-insulation layer is the thick styrofoam of 50mm.
The rear wall of plain edition greenhouse by solar heat of the present invention, vent window, tie-beam, thermal insulation quilt arrange different from Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat, and other structures are identical.Rear wall height 2.8m, the thick 0.6mm of plain edition greenhouse by solar heat, the perlite of filling heat transfer coefficient, specific heat capacity and density less by building-block is formed, rear wall is provided with vent window every 3m, vent window terrain clearance 1.4m, vent window is of a size of 30 × 40cm, double-deck inside and outside body of wall; Do not arrange tie-beam, thermal insulation quilt adopts careless felt.
The conventional plants type of simple and easy lew of the present invention, plastic tunnel, Jun Shi this area, sunlight board greenhouse.
3.2 different soil properties are on the impact of Relationship between Graft Effect
Soil improvement situation, in table 2, adopts different soil property to combine, and screens best nursery soil property proportioning.In early or mid July, adopt 1.2cm diameter stock, carry out nectarine propagation by grafiting educate to be with petiole bud grafting method, often group test grafting 30 seedlings, repeats for 3 times.After grafting 1,8,15,22d random sampling, statistics grafting growing state.
Table 2 different soil property formula combination ratio (V/V)
Described fertilizer is made up of turfy soil, decomposed cow dung, furfural dregs, soya-bean cake and corn flour, and the weight proportion of described turfy soil, decomposed cow dung, furfural dregs, soya-bean cake and corn flour is 1:3.2:0.7:0.8:0.2.
3.3 different disposal measures (grafting period, grafting method, the stock leading thread) impact on Relationship between Graft Effect
Experimental scheme, in table 3,4, often processes grafting 60 strain, and take sandy loam as contrast, soil property is combined as sandy loam: fertilizer=4:1; Grafting period is mid or late Febuary, early or mid July and 12 last ten-days period; Grafting method is cut-grafting, band petiole bud grafting and rhizome grafting; Stock leading thread is 1.0cm, 1.2cm and 1.4cm.Often group test grafting 30 seedlings.After grafting 1,8,15,22d random sampling, observe grafting and to grow situation.
Cut-grafting: cut off apart from 8 ~ 10cm place, ground at stock, selects to be applicable to position by scion rugosity, and to rive from top to bottom a crack with cutter, the degree of depth is identical with the long bevel of scion.Scion base portion is whittled into two bevels, and long bevel reams the xylem of more than 1/3, long 2 ~ 3cm; The short bevel being about 1cm is whittled on the opposite of long bevel.Long for scion bevel inwards, insert rootstock opening-cleaving, both form layer and aim at snap, carry out colligation.
Band petiole bud grafting: cut and get with petiole scion, carries out bud grafting, after 7 ~ 8d at the smooth place, southern side of leaning on of stock distance ground about 10cm, grafting port part occurs too fat to move, and secretes some colloidal objects, and contact pin is dark green shape, touching namely to fall as retained petiole one, just showing to take over a job.Then, anvil dry (clip is the shape of a hoof, is convenient to its healing) is outwards wiped out at 0.5cm place, interface top.When growing to 7 ~ 10cm Deng young sprout, assign brace to be fixed at stock welt, tied up young sprout, long in guiding, as do not taken over a job, carry out secondary grafting in time.
Rhizome grafting: cut off dry for rhizome epimere anvil, take rhizome surrounding soil off and carry out scion grafting, Soil covering after grafting, scion is exposed a little, covers mulch film, in next year, allly survives scion, just germinates rapidly, the timely striping of early and middle ten days in April.
Late December, stock resin stops flowing, can in the grafting of stock root stem.Mid or late Febuary, stock moisture rises, can at stock apart from ground 8 ~ 10cm place cut-grafting.
Table 3 orthogonal experiment factor level
Table 4 Orthogonal Experiment and Design
3.4 different grafting post processings are on the impact of Relationship between Graft Effect
On the basis determining greenhouse, soil property formula and grafting method, (grafting rear port plastic film sleeve is wrapped up to adopt film moisturizing respectively, cover Hydra plastic film, moistening effect is smeared in realization), bagging heats (promoting that bagging heats by carrying out the process of brown paper bagging to grafting part), process of sheltering from heat or light is (by carrying out the maintenances of sheltering from heat or light such as Shading net covering to plant after grafting, realization is sheltered from heat or light effect) carry out nectarine graft seedling growth comparative trial, in table 5 with control treatment (being left intact after grafting) etc.Often group test grafting 30 seedlings.After grafting survival, outwards wipe out anvil at 0.5 ~ 1.0cm place, interface top and do, clip is the shape of a hoof, is convenient to its healing; When growing to 7 ~ 10cm in nectarine branch, solution is tied up, and assigns brace to be fixed, tied up young sprout at stock welt, guides it upwards to grow.
The different grafting post-processing approach of table 5
Grafting time is in early or mid July, 2013, water permeable before seedling grafting 1d Seedlings nursery, choose growing way strong and without damage by disease and insect elite stand, peripheral in the middle part of clip tree crown, main bud is full, growth is substantial, the annual shoot of branch diameter 0.8 ~ 1.0cm is as scion, cut off base portion 1 ~ 2cm drying shrinkage section, after soaking base portion 12h with 500mg/LNAA, be with petiole bud grafting (be selected in that wind-force is little, cloudy day or cloudy weather carry out); Adopt film moisturizing respectively after grafting, bagging heat, shelter from heat or light process and control treatment, observe 1 grafting every 6d and to grow situation.Adopt full exposure spraying management, 45d, 60d and 75d after grafting, spray foliage fertilizer 3 times, foliage fertilizer is proportioning is the nutrient solution that N, P, K are followed successively by 350mg/L, 30mg/L and 60mg/L, carry out bud picking, loosen the soil, weeding, to water and the field management such as the extermination of disease and insect pest, do not survive plant and mend in time and connect.
4 results and analysis
4.1 different grafting greenhouses grow on nectarine grafting the impact of situation
The impact that the different greenhouse of table 6 grows on grafting
Note: branch thick refers to the diameter that grafting mouth above 1.0cm place seedling is dry; With significant difference (p<0.05) between letter representation process, lower same.
Table 6 is found out, in different greenhouse, nectarine graft survival rate and planting percent otherness are comparatively large, wherein the seedling grafting survival rate of Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat and planting percent the highest, reach 96.77%, 78.88% respectively, be all significantly higher than other process; Sunlight board greenhouse graft survival rate and planting percent minimum, be only 80.93%, 63.87% respectively, significantly lower than other process.There is some difference for different greenhouses grafting amount of growth, and wherein grafting of tender branch height of seedling otherness is obvious, and the grafting of Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat and plastic tunnel is relatively high, reaches 131.93cm, 125.33cm respectively, processes there is statistical analysis meaning with other; Grafting height of seedling in sunlight board greenhouse is minimum, is only 93.8cm, significantly lower than other process.Grafting stem is thick substantially identical with branch thick variation tendency and height of seedling in different facility types: in Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat and plastic tunnel, grafting stem is slightly larger, reach 1.57cm, 1.49cm respectively, ordinary construction type greenhouse by solar heat takes second place, and sunlight board greenhouse is minimum.Branch length aspect, in Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat and plastic tunnel, grafting branch length is significantly higher than other process, and sunlight board greenhouse is minimum.On this basis, in conjunction with grafting survival rate, planting percent and amount of growth situation, show that Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat grafting quality is maximum, be 68.58, plastic tunnel and ordinary construction type greenhouse by solar heat take second place, difference 63.43 and 62.24, therebetween there is not pole significant difference, and the grafting quality in sunlight board greenhouse is the poorest, be only 54.9, significantly lower than other process.
Test also shows, the effect of Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat heat storing and heat preserving is given prominence to, during practice is produced, winter reduces heat loss, can guarantee temperature needs during crop production, other, ventilation effect was even in season, can meet crop production moisture requirement, and possess insect protected, waterproof, good looking appearance and the feature such as operating space is large.Therefore, the seedling growth developmental state of carrying out propagation by grafiting in Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat is best, is optimum greenhouse, should give Demonstration And Extension.
4.2 different soil improvements grow on nectarine grafting the impact of situation
The impact that the different soil property formula of table 7 grows on grafting
Drawn by table 7, different Seedlings nursery ground soil improvement process nectarine grafting survival rate and planting percent otherness larger, nectarine graft survival rate and the planting percent of wherein T1 process (sandy loam: fertilizer=4:1) are the highest, reach 95.76%, 85.77% respectively, be all significantly higher than other process; T3 process (sandy loam: turfy soil: fertilizer=2:1:1) graft survival rate and planting percent minimum, be respectively 79.43%, 70.1%, all remarkable lower than other process; T1 and T4 processes grafting survival rate between (sandy loam), T2 (fertilizer: yellow soil=1:4) and T4 process and there is not pole significant difference (P > 0.01).Under different soil improvement condition, nectarine grafting amount of growth differs greatly, and wherein grafting height of seedling exists notable difference, and T2 process grafting is the highest, reaches 119cm, and T3 process grafting is minimum, is only 87cm.The thick aspect of stem, T1 process is optimum, and reach 1.47cm, T3 process is the poorest, and T2 and T4 process does not exist pole significant difference (P > 0.01).T1 process grafting branch thick is maximum, reaches 0.45cm, and T3 process is minimum, is only 0.21cm.Branch length aspect, T1 process is the longest, reaches 25.69cm, and T3 process is taken second place, and T2 process is minimum, is only 18.37cm.On this basis, comprehensive growth indexes situation, show that T1 soil melioration formula grafting quality is maximum, be that 67.76, T2 process is taken second place, the two all processes with other exists statistical analysis meaning, T3 process grafting quality is the poorest, is only 55.96, significantly lower than other process.To sum up show, sandy loam: fertilizer=4:1 soil improvement can be used as the soil formula of greenhouse bred turtle grafting and breeding.
4.3 different grafting process are grown on nectarine grafting the impact of situation
Table 8 different disposal nectarine grafting grows the Multiple range test of situation
As can be seen from Table 8, the nectarine grafting of T5 process (early or mid July adopts the bud grafting of 1.2cm leading thread stock band petiole) is highly maximum, reaches 124.5cm, is all significantly higher than other process; T9 process (late December adopts the grafting of 1.4cm leading thread rhizome) is minimum with T6 process (early or mid July adopts the grafting of 1.4cm leading thread stock rhizome) height of seedling, is respectively 86.2cm and 88.7cm.The nectarine grafting stem of T4 process (early or mid July adopts the cut-grafting of 1.0cm leading thread stock) is thick the highest, reaches 1.36cm, is significantly higher than other process; The stem of T2 process (mid or late Febuary adopts the bud grafting of 1.2cm leading thread stock band petiole) slightly takes second place, and is 1.26cm, is significantly higher than other process; T3 process (early or mid Febuary adopts the grafting of 1.4cm leading thread stock rhizome) stem is slightly minimum, is 0.83cm.Branch length aspect, the nectarine grafting of T4 process is the longest, reaches 23.18, T9 process (late December adopts the grafting of 1.4cm leading thread stock rhizome) minimum.The nectarine grafting branch thick of T9 process is maximum, reaches 0.49cm; T6 process is taken second place, and is 0.43cm; T8 process (late December adopts the bud grafting of 1.2cm leading thread stock band petiole) is minimum, is only 0.15cm.
Survival rate aspect, T2 process can promote that nectarine grafting survives, and survival rate is taken second place up to 95.09%, T5 process and T4 process, is respectively 93.3% and 90.69%, but both othernesses are not remarkable, all remarkable in other process; T1 process grafting survival rate is minimum, is only 66.86%.The grafting planting percent of T5 process is the highest, reaches 87.51%, is significantly higher than other process; T6 process and T7 (late December adopts the cut-grafting of 1.0cm leading thread stock) process are taken second place, and be respectively 83.15% and 82.47%, but both othernesses are not remarkable, all remarkable in other process; T9 process planting percent is minimum.In addition, the grafting quality of T5 process is the highest, reaches 69, is significantly higher than other process; Secondly be T7 process, grafting quality is 64.32, and this process and T4 process do not exist significant difference (P > 0.05), do not have statistical analysis meaning; The grafting of T1 process and T9 process is second-rate, is respectively 52.16 and 52.14.Comprehensive analysis, the optimum condition promoting that nectarine grafting grows is: in early or mid July, adopts 1.2cm leading thread stock to carry out band petiole bud grafting process.
Comprehensive nectarine grafting survival rate, planting percent and amount of growth situation, draw in early or mid July, adopts 1.2cm leading thread stock to carry out being with the grafting quality of petiole bud grafting process high.
The relation that 4.4 grafting post processings and nectarine grafting grow
The relation that table 9 grafting post processing and nectarine grafting grow
Table 9 can be found out, under different grafting post processing, greenhouse bred turtle grafting amount of growth is different, and wherein, except height of seedling index, the grafting amount of growth indices of greenhouse film moisturizing process is all the highest, and the every physical signs of grafting of process of sheltering from heat or light is minimum; Control treatment and bagging heat process grafting amount of growth situation between the above two, amount of growth index is more excellent, both there was no significant differences (P > 0.05) in the indexs such as branch thick rear, in indexs such as stem are thick, though there is some difference, and otherness is not extremely significantly (P > 0.01).
Test shows, different post processing grafting nursery stock planting percent and survival rate exist very big-difference, and wherein, grafting planting percent and the survival rate of the process of film method for moisturizing are the highest, reach 89.65% and 96.2% respectively; Shelter from heat or light process grafting planting percent and survival rate minimum, be respectively 77.95% and 87.61%; Control treatment grafting planting percent is relatively high, there is not significant difference (P > 0.05) with film moisturizing process; It is relatively high that bagging heats process grafting survival rate, though there is significant difference (P<0.05) with film moisturizing process, do not reach pole significant difference level (P > 0.01).
Comprehensive above index analysis, the nectarine plant grafting quality of film method for moisturizing process is the highest, reach 70.15, this processing method is grown can play facilitation to greenhouse bred turtle grafting, but the seedling grafting quality that bagging heats process is minimum, be only 66.14, significantly lower than other process, the method is unfavorable for that nursery stock grows.Therefore, in conjunction with grafting amount of growth, survival rate and planting percent situation, show that film moisturizing process seedling grafting quality is high.
Embodiment 1
This is tested and carried out in facilities horticulture research institute of Xiuqian City nectarine germ plasm resource nursery in 2013, Growing season Greenhouse day temperature 15 ~ 25 DEG C, humidity 70% ~ 90%, sunshine is sufficient, Seedlings nursery ground mixing soil property selects sandy loam: fertilizer=4:1 (V/V), the plot of first crop seedless fruit fruit trees plantation.
Described fertilizer is made up of turfy soil, decomposed cow dung, furfural dregs, soya-bean cake and corn flour, and the weight proportion of each composition is as follows: turfy soil: decomposed cow dung: furfural dregs: soya-bean cake: corn flour=1:3.2:0.7:0.8:0.2.
Be the excellent greenhouse bred turtle kind ' red coral ' of facilities horticulture research institute of Xiuqian City introduction and acclimatization for examination material, pick up from facilities horticulture research institute of Xiuqian City nectarine Germplasm Resources in April, 2013, choose growing way good, without the seedling of damage by disease and insect for for trying material.
Stock: choose leading thread 1.2cm, height of seedling 80 ~ 100cm, the long I grade of side radical more than 5 of long more than the 26cm of root, >=5cm, terminal bud full, be stock without the wild peach seedling of damage by disease and insect etc., plant in experimental plot by distance between rows and hills 2 × 1m.
Scion: choose Nectarine Cultivars Revealed ' red coral ' elite stand without damage by disease and insect, periphery in the middle part of clip tree crown, branch diameter 0.8 ~ 1.0cm, main bud be full, grow the annual shoot of enriching as scion, cut off base portion 1 ~ 2cm drying shrinkage section, soak base portion 12h with 500mg/LNAA.
A kind of greenhouse bred turtle seedling grafting breeding and seedling method, comprises the following steps:
(1), stock pretreatment: choose leading thread 1.2cm, height of seedling 80 ~ 100cm, the long I grade of side radical more than 5 of long more than the 26cm of root, >=5cm, wild peach seedling without damage by disease and insect, be planted in Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat Seedlings nursery ground by distance between rows and hills 2 × 1m;
(2), scion Acquire and process: choose the nectarine elite stand without damage by disease and insect, in the middle part of clip tree crown, the current-year branch of periphery, branch diameter 0.8-1.0cm is as scion, cuts off base portion 1-2cm drying shrinkage section, soaks base portion 12h with 500mg/LNAA;
(3), band petiole bud grafting: water permeable before seedling grafting 1d Seedlings nursery, in early or mid July, cut to get and be with petiolate scion to carry out bud grafting apart from ground 10cm by smooth place, southern side at stock; Wrap up interface with plastic film sleeve after grafting, then cover Hydra plastic foil and carry out film moisturizing;
(4), managing after grafting: after grafting, adopt full exposure spraying management, keep daytime temperature 15 ~ 25 DEG C in Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat, soil moisture is 70% ~ 90%; After grafting survival, outwards wipe out anvil at 0.5cm place, interface top and do, clip is the shape of a hoof; When growing to 7 ~ 10cm Deng new long nectarine young sprout, assign branch to be fixed at stock welt, tied up young sprout, guide it upwards to grow; Within after grafting about 4 weeks, remove Hydra plastic foil and plastic film sleeve; 45d, 60d and 75d after grafting, spray foliage fertilizer (described foliage fertilizer is the nutrient solution containing N, P, K, and the concentration of described N, P, K is followed successively by 350mg/L, 30mg/L and 60mg/L) 1 time respectively, carry out conventional field management; Cultivate and obtain nectarine grafting finished product after 4 ~ 6 months.
Described Hydra plastic film is 20 μm of thick self-adhering-type PE material films.
Conventional field management comprises, bud picking, loosen the soil, weeding, to water and a series of field planting management such as the extermination of disease and insect pest.
After grafting 1,8,15,22d observes grafting growing state respectively, adds up all growth indexes, but for reference only index.After grafting about 6 weeks, statistics final data, and carry out data analysis, comprised amount of growth index and survival rate, the planting percents etc. such as height of seedling, stem are thick, branch length, rugosity, in table 10.
The growing state of nectarine nursery stock under table 10 optimal treatment condition of the present invention
Claims (10)
1. a greenhouse bred turtle seedling grafting breeding and seedling method, is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
(1), stock pretreatment: choose leading thread 1.0 ~ 1.4cm, height of seedling 80 ~ 100cm, the long I grade of side radical more than 5 of long more than the 26cm of root, >=5cm, be stock without the wild peach seedling of damage by disease and insect, with wild peach seedling being planted in Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat Seedlings nursery; Wherein, described Seedlings nursery ground soil property is mixed by sandy loam and fertilizer, and described sandy loam, the volume ratio of fertilizer are 4:1;
(2), scion Acquire and process: choose the nectarine elite stand without damage by disease and insect, in the middle part of clip tree crown, the annual shoot of periphery, branch diameter 0.8 ~ 1.0cm is as scion, cut off base portion 1 ~ 2cm drying shrinkage section, soak base portion 10 ~ 12h with 500 ~ 600mg/LNAA;
(3), band petiole bud grafting: water permeable before grafting 1d Seedlings nursery, in early or mid July, cut to get and be with petiolate scion to carry out bud grafting, wrap up interface with plastic film sleeve after grafting, then cover Hydra plastic film and carry out film moisturizing;
(4), managing after grafting: after grafting, adopt full exposure spraying management, in maintenance Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat, day temperature is at 15 ~ 25 DEG C, soil moisture is 70% ~ 90%, 45d, 60d and 75d after grafting, spray foliage fertilizer respectively 1 time, carry out conventional field management; Cultivate and within 4 ~ 6 months, obtain nectarine grafting finished product.
2. greenhouse bred turtle seedling grafting breeding and seedling method according to claim 1, is characterized in that in step (1), and the leading thread of described stock is 1.2cm; Described wild peach seedling is planted in Optimization-type greenhouse by solar heat Seedlings nursery ground according to distance between rows and hills 2 × 1m.
3. greenhouse bred turtle seedling grafting breeding and seedling method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in step (1), described fertilizer is made up of turfy soil, decomposed cow dung, furfural dregs, soya-bean cake and corn flour, and the weight proportion of described turfy soil, decomposed cow dung, furfural dregs, soya-bean cake and corn flour is 1:2 ~ 4:0.6 ~ 0.8:0.5 ~ 1:0.1 ~ 0.3.
4. greenhouse bred turtle seedling grafting breeding and seedling method according to claim 3, is characterized in that the weight proportion of turfy soil, decomposed cow dung, furfural dregs, soya-bean cake and corn flour in described fertilizer is 1:3.2:0.7:0.8:0.2.
5. greenhouse bred turtle seedling grafting breeding and seedling method according to claim 1, is characterized in that in step (2), soaks scion base portion 12h with 500mg/LNAA.
6. greenhouse bred turtle seedling grafting breeding and seedling method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (3), the concrete operations of bud grafting are: cut and get the petiolate scion of band, carry out bud grafting at stock apart from 10cm place, ground.
7. greenhouse bred turtle seedling grafting breeding and seedling method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described Hydra plastic film is that 20 μm of thick self-adhering-type PE expect film.
8. greenhouse bred turtle seedling grafting breeding and seedling method according to claim 1, is characterized in that in step (4), and after grafting survival, outwards wipe out anvil at 0.5 ~ 1.0cm place, interface top and do, clip is the shape of a hoof; When nectarine young sprout grows to 7 ~ 10cm, solution is tied up, and removes Hydra plastic film and plastic film sleeve, assigns brace to be fixed, tied up young sprout at stock welt.
9. greenhouse bred turtle seedling grafting breeding and seedling method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described foliage fertilizer is the nutrient solution containing N, P, K, the concentration of described N, P, K is followed successively by 350mg/L, 30mg/L and 60mg/L.
10. greenhouse bred turtle seedling grafting breeding and seedling method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described Optimization-type greenhouse comprises between rear wall, the greenhouse forward foot in a step, east side gable, west side gable, greenhouse bow member, buffering; Described rear wall comprises fixing rear wall and wall support structure, described fixing rear wall comprises inner wall, heat-insulation layer and exterior wall outward by interior, described inner wall is piled up by common brick and is formed, and described heat-insulation layer is styrofoam, and described exterior wall is piled up by common brick and formed; Wall be provided with dismounting in described wall support structure after, after dismounting, wall can free installation and removal; After described dismounting, the inner side of wall is coated with fly net, and after dismounting, the outer side covers of wall has plastic film; Described wall support structure comprises inner column, outer column, lacing wire, crossbeam and longeron, described inner column is equidistantly arranged along rear wall length direction, outer column dislocation is arranged in the middle of two adjacent inner columns, and inner column, outer column, lacing wire, crossbeam and longeron form a box supporting construction jointly; Described greenhouse bow member is the coating steel pipe fabricated construction be made up of top boom, lower boom, connector and longitudinal tie, every root top boom and the lower boom corresponding with it are hinged to assembled bow member by connector, the hinged top being fixed on the greenhouse forward foot in a step and rear wall respectively, two ends of top boom and lower boom, top boom is connected with longitudinal tie by wire clip at east-west direction with lower boom, forms network structure; Described greenhouse bow member is provided with many tie-beams, and the two ends of tie-beam are separately fixed on the assembled bow member that is hinged to by connector by top boom and lower boom; Described tie-beam is obliquely installed, and tie-beam becomes 10 ~ 30 degree of angles with horizontal plane; Described greenhouse bow member comprises front roof and adverse grade, and be respectively equipped with top portion ventilation window and sidepiece vent window at the top of described front roof and sidepiece along east-west direction, described top portion ventilation window and sidepiece vent window are all furnished with fly net and plastic film; Described front roof is coated with canopy film except the empty air regulator in top and sidepiece vent window, and canopy film film-pressing line compresses, and described canopy film is coated with thermal insulation quilt, and thermal insulation quilt is put by volume film mechanism controls volume; Roofing after described adverse grade is provided with; The east side of the rear wall of greenhouse by solar heat is positioned between described buffering.
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| CN106613366A (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2017-05-10 | 昆明理工大学 | Nectarine grafting method |
| CN107242067A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-10-13 | 枞阳县横山生态农业有限公司 | A kind of management method for improving peach summer grafting survival rate of seedling |
| CN108633601A (en) * | 2018-06-05 | 2018-10-12 | 江苏省农业科学院 | The method of multiple bud grafting and breeding nutritive cube peach seedling is utilized in winter greenhouse |
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