CN102948305B - Greenhouse cultivation method and greenhouse structure for promoting high quality and high yield of dragon fruit - Google Patents
Greenhouse cultivation method and greenhouse structure for promoting high quality and high yield of dragon fruit Download PDFInfo
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- CN102948305B CN102948305B CN201110236014.XA CN201110236014A CN102948305B CN 102948305 B CN102948305 B CN 102948305B CN 201110236014 A CN201110236014 A CN 201110236014A CN 102948305 B CN102948305 B CN 102948305B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a greenhouse cultivation method for promoting high quality and high yield of the dragon fruit. The method includes steps of construction of greenhouse heat-preserving facility, soil preparation and bed making, frame erecting and modeling, planting, water and fertilizer management, shaping and trimming, artificial pollination, blossom and fruit thinning, pest control and the like. In addition, the invention further discloses a greenhouse structure and a dragon fruit frame building structure. The greenhouse cultivation method and the greenhouse structure for promoting high quality and high yield of the dragon fruit solves problems of high cost, low yield, poor quality and the like in conventional greenhouse cultivation technologies of the dragon fruit, cultivation of the dragon fruit is simplified, production cost is lowered, and the dragon fruit yielded is high in yield, is truly green and healthful fruit and has nutrient value obviously higher than that of the dragon fruit cultivated by conventional methods.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation method of dragon fruit, relate in particular to a kind of greenhouse cultivation method that promotes dragon fruit good quality and high output.In addition, the invention still further relates to a kind of greenhouse structure and a kind of dragon fruit trellising structure.
Background technology
Dragon fruit is Cactaeous plants, and, in Central America, there is very high economic worth in original producton location.It integrates " fruit ", " flowers ", " vegetables ", " health care ", " medicine ", is referred to as priceless treasure.On the traditional fiesta in Latin America, dragon fruit is indispensable a kind of " sacred fruit ".Dragon fruit is nutritious, and function is unique, and health is had to excellent effect.It contains the rare vegetalitas albumin of general plant and anthocyan, abundant vitamin and water-soluble dietary fiber.
; dragon fruit belongs to the torrid zone, subtropical fruits; property happiness warm moist; growth optimum temperature is 25～35 degrees Celsius; temperature will stop growing lower than 5 degrees Celsius; lower than zero degrees celsius, will produce freeze injury, thus at China's most areas dragon fruit, must just can survive by facility cultivation, even if be also the same in Jiangsu-zhejiang Shanghai Area area.And just it seems at present, facility cultivation input cost is high, and the dragon fruit quality and yield of output is not very high, many people prefer to seek something far and wide when it is within reach, the cost that can so transport again can be very high, for solve this contradiction we through test for many years, found a kind of greenhouse cultivation method that can make dragon fruit good quality and high output.
Mainly there are 2 problems in the greenhouse gardening of dragon fruit, how to be incubated and how to allow the dragon fruit of output not only output is high, and quality will be got well.In many data, also introduced the greenhouse cultivation technology of dragon fruit, and but implement, there will be cost high, and yielded poorly, the problems such as poor quality, so we need a set of complete greenhouse cultivation technology badly, in order to solve and to overcome these contradiction.
Summary of the invention
One of the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of greenhouse cultivation method that promotes dragon fruit good quality and high output, the method has overcome and has adopted the defects such as traditional heat preserving mode cost is high, seriously polluted, rationally utilize some discarded objects not only to play the effect of heating, also effectively reduced environmental pollution, in addition the method is conducive to promote dragon fruit good quality and high output, and cost is low.For this reason, the present invention also provides a kind of heat preservation greenhouse structure and a kind of dragon fruit trellising structure.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of greenhouse cultivation method that promotes dragon fruit good quality and high output, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
(1) booth thermal insulation Facilities Construction: the heat insulation work that will carry out dragon fruit in the situation that low temperature is below 5 ℃, can be on original booth basis, portion sets up a little shed within it, on the little shed film of little shed, add layer of non-woven fabric, need by day to be opened, be beneficial to printing opacity; Too low when temperature, only with adding canopy film, can not guarantee that its internal temperature when more than 5 degrees Celsius, need to arrange warming-up device in canopy;
(2) do furrow: before plantation dragon fruit, want many organic fertilizers, 4000～5000kg/ mu, after mixing, starts to do furrow with table soil, and line-spacing is 1.8 meters～2.2 meters, and furrow are wide is 110cm～120cm, and furrow are high is 12～15cm wholely;
(3) dragon fruit trellising moulding: stamp the square concrete column of several rows of 7～8cm on ready-made furrow face, post is apart from 3.5-4.5m, and high 1.2-1.4m sets up the support of durability above concrete column; Cross drilling above each concrete column, penetrates spiral, then with iron wire, longitudinally connects all spirals; Direction along support is longitudinally being provided with many bamboo poles between concrete column, and bamboo pole height is a little more than galvanized iron conduit or coating steel pipe, and bamboo pole is tied up on support; Dragon fruit is grown along bamboo pole, and the branch that dragon fruit sends rides on the iron wire of connecting thread reinforcing bar;
(4) planting of dragon fruit: while planting dragon fruit seedling, only under bamboo pole, dig a little fruit tray, root is just kept flat and wherein cover very thin one deck soil, be no more than 3cm thick, nursery stock is tied up on bamboo pole, do not allow it lodge, then on furrow face, cover the straw of 0.8～1.2cm thickness, after 2-3 days, water normal root water;
(5) water and fertilizer management: dragon fruit is more drought-enduring, 2-3 days field planting initial stage watered once, kept soil moist later; Fertilising should be on a small quantity repeatedly, prevents from burning root, rotten, adopts the mode of organic grow, only executes the fertilizer becoming thoroughly decomposed; After dragon fruit is yielded positive results, year is executed organic fertilizer 3 times, and the Hua Qianfei in April is, the fertilizer of surviving the winter in the fruit-promoting fertilizer in August and December; Spread organic fertilizer winter, 8～10 kilograms of every strains, strengthen plant heat-preservation cold-resistance ability;
(6) pruning: branch was climbed before on coating steel pipe and should be allowed it maintain single branch growth, when growing to 5cm left and right, coating steel pipe top, answer pinching, promote branch, select that more sturdy branch is horizontal to be tied up on coating steel pipe, on this horizontal branch of tying up, be easy to send shoot, consider locus, the branch that as far as possible allows its top send is neatly distributed on the iron wire of pillar both sides, naturally droops; For increasing and decreasing strong fruit bearing shoot, annual vegetative growth phase, every visible growth situation is stayed the new sprouting branch of 1-3 root growth stalwartness; During reproductive growth, for guaranteeing the nutritional need of fruit development, the new branch of sprouting should all be dredged and go;
(7) artificial pollination and flower and fruit thinning: dragon fruit enters after fruiting period, in the bud of sprouting at each fruit bearing shoot, select strong large, daylighting is good stays 3-4 bud, after about 20 days, note at dusk observing petal, as be horn-like open in the very night, the flowering of dragon fruit only overnight, sunrise lose, need artificial pollination before sunrise, increase fruit-setting rate; After 5 days, pollination successfully starts to expand in fruit room, and unsuccessful atrophy is dry yellow and slowly come off, and now should note fruit thinning, and every is stayed 1-2, and clean out in time dry hang down lose flower, in order to avoid fruit top is because of the parasitic insect of humidity;
(8) extermination of disease and insect pest: control snail can be raised several ducks scattered by every canopy, hits snail down and let alone to search for food and can control when pruning branch; The harm of ant is very little, mostly occur in spray, the rotten branch that prunes away in time and bitten by it, emergence period prodenia litura can trap and kill with trapping lamp and gyplure, for reducing the generation of damage by disease and insect, during stopping fruit in the winter time, stem bar is sprayed to bordeaux mixture, in dragon fruit initial planting, at its base portion, spread some lime, can effectively reduce the incidence of damage by disease and insect.
In step (1), described horticultural covering film selects toughness compared with the good OPP plastic foil of high light transmittance energy, and inner little shed film is the PE film that light transmission is good, quality is softer, and the nonwoven on described little shed film is selected the white nonwoven of 30～40g/ square metre; Described warming-up device adopts boiler to heat, the discarded object of most of agricultural production can be used as fuel and uses, booth in blocks need to be connected the pipeline of carrying warm braw between canopy and canopy, this carries the pipeline of warm braw to adopt PVC film, and between canopy and canopy, the outdoor position of pipeline snarls with the nonwoven of 1～2cm thickness.
In step (3), described support adopts galvanized iron conduit or the coating steel pipe of external diameter 2.5cm; The external diameter of described spiral is 1.7cm, long 1 meter, each 0.45m at least of the reinforcing bar of concrete column both sides; Described iron wire is positioned at the two ends of spiral; The spacing of described a plurality of bamboo poles is 35cm, and the diameter of bamboo pole is 1～2cm; Dragon fruit seedling is upwards long along bamboo pole, after higher than support, can select directly horizontal tying up on support of a healthy and strong branch, as trunk, the side shoot sending thereon just can allow it naturally droop on the iron wire of both sides later, become fruit bearing shoot, the orientation of described support, iron wire and bamboo pole be north and south row to.
In step (5), described organic fertilizer makes by the following method: after 100kg water, 12kg molasses, 6 eggs of smashing, 6kg rice bran, 6kg analysis for soybean powder, 2～4 liters of living bacterial liquids are mixed, put into bucket, seal fermentation, stir every day 1～2 time, after one month, can obtain inmature organic fertilizer, during use, can be diluted 100 times, do root perfusion.
In step (7), when artificial pollination, be noted that the Pitaya Flower selfing of red meat type is not affine, so while planting red meat type dragon fruit, plant the dragon fruit of the plain boiled pork type of 10% left and right between.
In step (8), the described bordeaux mixture spraying makes by the following method: the water-solubleization quicklime with 10%～20%, 80%～90% water-solubleization copper sulphate, after it fully dissolves, copper-bath is slowly poured in milk of lime, limit bevelling stir bordeaux mixture, three's weight ratio, i.e. copper sulphate: quicklime: water=1: be advisable at 0.5: 200; Spray bordeaux mixture to drench stem face but not drip and be advisable.
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of greenhouse structure, and this booth comprises support and horticultural covering film, it is characterized in that, is also provided with a little shed in this booth, and this little shed is mainly comprised of support and little shed film.
On the little shed film of described little shed, cover and be provided with layer of non-woven fabric; In described little shed, be provided with the boiler of heating; At booth inner bottom part, be provided with and carry the pipeline of warm braw to connect a plurality of booths; Between booth and booth, carry the outdoor position of warm braw pipeline to adopt the nonwoven of 1-2cm thickness to snarl; Described booth front is provided with canopy door; Described booth side is provided with a steel pipe, and this steel pipe is fixed on horticultural covering film, and steel pipe is provided with for opening and closing the rocking bar of part horticultural covering film, below part horticultural covering film to be opened/closed, is provided with fly net, and this fly net is fixed on the support of booth.
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of dragon fruit trellising structure, comprises and is arranged in square a plurality of concrete columns, and the distance between each concrete column is 3.5-4.5m, and the height of each concrete column is 1.2-1.4m; At concrete column top longitudinally, set up the support of durability; Cross drilling above each concrete column, penetrates spiral, is provided with iron wire and longitudinally connects all spirals; Direction along support is longitudinally being provided with many bamboo poles between concrete column, and bamboo pole height is a little more than support, and bamboo pole is tied up on support; Dragon fruit is grown along bamboo pole, and the branch that dragon fruit sends rides on the iron wire of connecting thread reinforcing bar.
Described support adopts galvanized iron conduit or the coating steel pipe that external diameter is 2.5cm; The external diameter of described spiral is 1.7cm, long 1 meter, each 0.45m at least of the reinforcing bar of concrete column both sides; Described iron wire is positioned at the two ends of spiral; The spacing of described a plurality of bamboo poles is 35cm, and the diameter of bamboo pole is 1～2cm; The orientation of described support, iron wire and bamboo pole be north and south row to.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the present invention has overcome and adopts the defects such as traditional heat preserving mode cost is high, seriously polluted, rationally utilizes some discarded objects not only to play the effect of heating, and has also effectively reduced environmental pollution.In addition, the present invention also overcome the cost that the greenhouse cultivation technology of traditional dragon fruit shows high, yield poorly, the problems such as poor quality, the cultivation of dragon fruit is simplified, reduced production cost, and the dragon fruit of output not only output is high, or the fruit of real green health, its nutritive value is significantly higher than the dragon fruit that conventional method plants out, has won consumers in general's favorable comment.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the contour structures schematic diagram of each booth in the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the syndeton schematic diagram of a plurality of booths in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of dragon fruit trellising moulding in the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
A is booth; B is little shed; The 1st, greenhouse bracket; The 2nd, horticultural covering film; The 3rd, canopy door; The 4th, rocking bar; The 5th, steel pipe; The 6th, fly net; The 7th, boiler; The 8th, the pipeline of conveying warm braw; The 9th, nonwoven heat-insulation layer; The 10th, ridge; The 11st, concrete column; The 12nd, iron wire; The 13rd, spiral; The 14th, support; The 15th, bamboo pole.
Embodiment
The present invention is further detailed explanation by the following examples:
Conventionally the eight type canopies in blocks (be to have the distance of 1 meter of left and right between canopy and canopy, but totally join together, the wide of each canopy is 8 meters) that adopt with District of Shanghai are example, and the present invention is described further:
1, booth thermal insulation Facilities Construction: the heat insulation work that will carry out dragon fruit in the situation that low temperature is below 5 ℃, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, District of Shanghai about November on original booth A (being eight type canopies in blocks) basis, portion sets up a little shed B within it, booth A comprises greenhouse bracket 1 and horticultural covering film 2, and this little shed B is mainly comprised of support and little shed film; The general steel pipe that adopts of greenhouse bracket 1, the support of little shed B can adopt bamboo pole; Horticultural covering film 2 is selected the OPP plastic foil that toughness can be good compared with high light transmittance, and inner little shed film can be the PE film that light transmission is good, quality is softer, the white nonwoven of 30～40g/ square metre for multiselect.Booth A front is provided with canopy door 3, booth A side is provided with a steel pipe 5, this steel pipe 5 is fixed on horticultural covering film 2, steel pipe 5 is provided with for opening and closing the rocking bar 4 of part horticultural covering film and (shakes rocking bar 4, part horticultural covering film can be opened, to ventilate in canopy), below part horticultural covering film to be opened/closed, be provided with fly net 6, this fly net 6 is fixed on the support 1 of booth.Can on the little shed film of little shed B, cover and add layer of non-woven fabric, the successful of its heat-insulation and heat-preservation, higher than only using plastic film, still needs to be opened by day, is beneficial to printing opacity, late December is to early Febuary, because temperature is too low, only with adding canopy film, can not guarantee that its internal temperature is when more than 5 degrees Celsius, need to adopt warming-up device, through experimental results show that, adopt boiler to heat to be good selection (as shown in Figure 2, in little shed B, be provided with the boiler 7 of heating), the discarded object of most of agricultural production, as stalk, branch, weeds, packaging bags etc. all can be used as fuel and use, and no matter be single booth or booth in blocks, use all very convenient, booth in blocks only need to be connected the pipeline 8 (being located at canopy inner bottom part) of carrying warm braw between canopy and canopy, carry the plastic foil of pipeline 8 employings of warm braw mainly to consider its obdurability and thermal diffusivity, can adopt PVC film, between canopy and canopy, the outdoor position of pipeline snarls with nonwoven, forms nonwoven heat-insulation layer 9, and this nonwoven heat-insulation layer 9 is advisable with 1～2cm thickness.
(2) do furrow: dragon fruit happiness is wet but intolerant to waterlogging wholely, like fertile, well-drained sandy loam, so wanted many organic fertilizers before plantation, 4000～5000kg/ mu, arable land starts to do furrow after fertilizer and table soil are mixed, and line-spacing is 1.8-2.2 rice left and right, wide 110cm～the 120cm of furrow, the high 12～15cm of furrow;
(3) dragon fruit trellising moulding: as shown in Figure 3, on ready-made furrow face (being the ridge 10 in Fig. 3), stamp the square concrete column of several rows of 7～8cm 11 (in have reinforcing bar), post is apart from 3.5-4.5m, high 1.2-1.4m, at concrete column 11 tops longitudinally, set up the support 14 of durability, support 14 is used galvanized iron conduit (running water pipe) or the coating steel pipe tubing of external diameter 2.5cm.Approximately 1 meter of cross drilling above each concrete column 11, penetrate thick 1.7cm, the spiral 13 of long 1 meter of left and right, make each 0.45m at least of spiral of concrete column 11 both sides, then use iron wire 12 (for example adopting galvanizing iron wire No. 10) longitudinally to connect all spirals 13 (iron wire 12 is positioned at the two ends of spiral 13), the branch that dragon fruit sends in the future rides on these iron wires 12 exactly.Direction along support 14 is longitudinally being inserted the bamboo pole 15 that a diameter is 1～2cm between concrete column 11 in soil every 35cm, bamboo pole height, to be as the criterion a little more than support 14, to be beneficial to it and to tie up on support 14, and so novel posture has just been built up; Dragon fruit seedling is upwards long along bamboo pole 15, after higher than support 14, can select directly horizontal tying up on support 14 of a healthy and strong branch, as trunk, the side shoot later sending thereon just can allow it naturally droop on the iron wire 12 of both sides, becomes fruit bearing shoot, this row's cribbing is more firm comparatively speaking, cost is also low, and management is convenient in plantation, and per unit area yield is also higher.Row's formula plantation should note being formulated for north and south row to, make both sides evenly be subject to light.
(4) planting of dragon fruit: dragon fruit should not be planted deeply, a lot of people praise highly the raw cultivation of grass, i.e. field planting dragon fruit seedling in weeds, without weed killer herbicide, only when grass is long, with scissors, cut short, can allow like this dragon fruit produce a large amount of aerial roots, be beneficial to the growth of dragon fruit, so also there are problems, weeding expense is artificial, wipe out and can cause not in time seedling growth bad, and pest density also can increase, consider this factors, while planting dragon fruit seedling, only under bamboo pole, dig a little fruit tray, root is just kept flat and wherein cover very thin one deck soil, be no more than 3cm thick, nursery stock is tied up on bamboo pole, do not allow its lodging, then on furrow face, cover the straw of 0.8～1.2cm left and right thickness, after couple of days, water normal root water,
(5) water and fertilizer management: dragon fruit is more drought-enduring, 2-3 days field planting initial stage watered once, kept soil moist later.Dragon fruit Root Distribution is more shallow, and fertilising should be on a small quantity repeatedly, prevents from burning root, rotten.For making dragon fruit excellent quality, the present invention adopts the mode of organic grow, only executes the fertilizer becoming thoroughly decomposed.After yielding positive results, year is executed organic fertilizer 3 times, and the Hua Qianfei in April is, the fertilizer of surviving the winter in the fruit-promoting fertilizer in August and December.Spread organic fertilizer winter, 8～10 kilograms of left and right of every strain, strengthen plant heat-preservation cold-resistance ability; Described organic fertilizer can utilize local cheap raw material oneself to ferment, for example, after 100kg water, 12kg molasses, 6 eggs (smashing), 6kg rice bran, 6kg analysis for soybean powder, 2～4 liters of living bacterial liquids are mixed, put into Plastic Drum, seal fermentation, stir every day 1～2 time, about one month, can obtain inmature organic fertilizer, during use, can be diluted 100 times, be done root perfusion.
(6) pruning: branch was climbed before on coating steel pipe and should be allowed it maintain single branch growth, when growing to 5cm left and right, coating steel pipe top, answer pinching, promote branch, select that more sturdy branch is horizontal to be tied up on coating steel pipe, on this horizontal branch of tying up, be easy to send shoot, consider locus, the branch that as far as possible allows its top send is neatly distributed on the iron wire of pillar both sides, naturally droops.Well-grown dragon fruit nature germinating capacity is higher, can take out a 3-5 bar shoot for general every, and for increasing and decreasing strong fruit bearing shoot, annual vegetative growth phase, every visible growth situation is stayed the branch of 1-3 root growth stalwartness; During reproductive growth, for guaranteeing the nutritional need of fruit development, the new branch of sprouting should all be dredged and go;
(7) artificial pollination and flower and fruit thinning: dragon fruit enters after fruiting period, each fruit bearing shoot can be sprouted several even tens buds, and selection is strong large, and what daylighting was good stays 3-4, and after about 20 days, petal is observed in attention at dusk, as is horn-like open in the very night.The flower of dragon fruit is as broad-leaved epiphyllum, open overnight, sunrise lose, need be in the front artificial pollination of sunrise (5 point), increase fruit-setting rate, the Pitaya Flower selfing that is noted that red meat type is not affine, so while planting red meat type dragon fruit, plant the dragon fruit of the plain boiled pork type of 10% left and right between.After 5 days, pollination successfully starts to expand in fruit room, and the dry Huang of unsuccessful atrophy also slowly comes off, now should note fruit thinning, every is stayed one, under the condition of rich water abundance, can stay at most 2, and clean out in time dry hang down lose flower, in order to avoid fruit top is because of the parasitic insect of humidity;
(8) extermination of disease and insect pest: the vitality of dragon fruit is extremely vigorous, Comparison of Management is extensive, damage by disease and insect seldom, only when Seedling Stage or long tender stem, be subject to bacterium infringement or bitten by insects such as snail, ant, prodenia lituras, in order to make dragon fruit become real green fruit, do not take the mode of spraying insecticide, control snail can be raised several ducks scattered by every canopy, hits snail down and let alone to search for food and can control when pruning branch.The harm of ant is very little, mostly occur in spray, the rotten branch that need to prune away in time and be bitten by it, can trap and kill with trapping lamp and gyplure in the emergence period of prodenia litura, for reducing the generation of damage by disease and insect, stem bar is sprayed to bordeaux mixture during can stopping in the winter time really; In dragon fruit initial planting, also can spread some lime at its base portion, can effectively reduce the incidence of damage by disease and insect; The described bordeaux mixture spraying, available 10%～20% water-solubleization quicklime, 80%～90% water-solubleization copper sulphate, after it fully dissolves, copper-bath is slowly poured in milk of lime, limit bevelling stir bordeaux mixture, three's weight ratio, i.e. copper sulphate: quicklime: water=1: be advisable at 0.5: 200, milk of lime can't be poured in copper-bath, otherwise poor quality, preventive effect is poor, and sprays to drench stem face but do not drip and be advisable.
By the Experimental Comparisons of nearly 2 years (as shown in table 1), reach a conclusion, utilize dragon fruit that the method plants be out output or quality also or economic benefit all (does not adopt the mode of organic grow compared with conventional method, use chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals, dragon fruit trellising posture is used common column type or flatrack) plantation dragon fruit is out high.
Table 1
Claims (6)
1. a greenhouse cultivation method that promotes dragon fruit good quality and high output, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) booth thermal insulation Facilities Construction: the heat insulation work that will carry out dragon fruit in the situation that low temperature is below 5 ℃, on original booth basis, portion sets up a little shed within it, on the little shed film of little shed, adds layer of non-woven fabric, need by day to be opened, be beneficial to printing opacity; Too low when temperature, only with adding canopy film, can not guarantee that its internal temperature when more than 5 degrees Celsius, need to arrange warming-up device in canopy;
(2) do furrow: before plantation dragon fruit, want many organic fertilizers, 4000～5000kg/ mu, after mixing, starts to do furrow with table soil, and line-spacing is 1.8 meters～2.2 meters, and furrow are wide is 110cm～120cm, and furrow are high is 12～15cm wholely;
(3) dragon fruit trellising moulding: stamp the square concrete column of several rows of 7～8cm on ready-made furrow face, post is apart from 3.5-4.5m, and high 1.2-1.4m sets up the support of durability above concrete column, and described support is galvanized iron conduit or coating steel pipe; Cross drilling above each concrete column, penetrates spiral, then with iron wire, longitudinally connects all spirals; Direction along support is longitudinally being provided with many bamboo poles between concrete column, and bamboo pole height is a little more than galvanized iron conduit or coating steel pipe, and bamboo pole is tied up on support; Dragon fruit is grown along bamboo pole, and the branch that dragon fruit sends rides on the iron wire of connecting thread reinforcing bar;
(4) planting of dragon fruit: while planting dragon fruit seedling, only under bamboo pole, dig a little fruit tray, root is just kept flat and wherein cover very thin one deck soil, be no more than 3cm thick, nursery stock is tied up on bamboo pole, do not allow it lodge, then on furrow face, cover the straw of 0.8～1.2cm thickness, after 2-3 days, water normal root water;
(5) water and fertilizer management: dragon fruit is more drought-enduring, 2-3 days field planting initial stages watered once, kept soil moist later; Fertilising on a small quantity repeatedly, prevents from burning root, rotten, adopts the mode of organic grow, only executes the fertilizer becoming thoroughly decomposed; After dragon fruit is yielded positive results, year is executed organic fertilizer 3 times, and the Hua Qianfei in April is, the fertilizer of surviving the winter in the fruit-promoting fertilizer in August and December; Spread organic fertilizer winter, 8～10 kilograms of every strains, strengthen plant heat-preservation cold-resistance ability;
(6) pruning: branch was climbed before on coating steel pipe or galvanized iron conduit and allowed it maintain single branch growth, when growing to coating steel pipe or 5cm left and right, galvanized iron conduit top, answer pinching, promote branch, select that more sturdy branch is horizontal to be tied up on coating steel pipe or galvanized iron conduit, on this horizontal branch of tying up, be easy to send shoot, consider locus, the branch that as far as possible allows its top send is neatly distributed on the iron wire of pillar both sides, naturally droops; For increasing strong fruit bearing shoot, annual vegetative growth phase, every new sprouting branch that stays 1-3 root growth stalwartnesses depending on growing state; During reproductive growth, for guaranteeing the nutritional need of fruit development, the new branch of sprouting should all be dredged and go;
(7) artificial pollination and flower and fruit thinning: dragon fruit enters after fruiting period, in the bud of sprouting at each fruit bearing shoot, select strong large, daylighting is good stays 3-4 bud, after about 20 days, note at dusk observing petal, as be horn-like open in the very night, the flowering of dragon fruit only overnight, sunrise lose, need artificial pollination before sunrise, increase fruit-setting rate; After 5 days, pollination successfully starts to expand in fruit room, and unsuccessful atrophy is dry yellow and slowly come off, and now should note fruit thinning, and every is stayed 1-2, and clean out in time dry hang down lose flower, in order to avoid fruit top is because of the parasitic insect of humidity;
(8) extermination of disease and insect pest: the every canopy of control snail is raised several ducks scattered, hits snail down and let alone to search for food and can control when pruning branch; The harm of ant is very little, mostly occur in spray, the rotten branch that prunes away in time and bitten by it, emergence period prodenia litura traps and kills with trapping lamp and gyplure, for reducing the generation of damage by disease and insect, during stopping fruit in the winter time, stem bar is sprayed to bordeaux mixture, in dragon fruit initial planting, at its base portion, spread some lime, can effectively reduce the incidence of damage by disease and insect.
2. the greenhouse cultivation method of promotion dragon fruit good quality and high output as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (1), described horticultural covering film selects toughness compared with the good OPP plastic foil of high light transmittance energy, inner little shed film is the PE film that light transmission is good, quality is softer, and the nonwoven on described little shed film is selected the white nonwoven of 30～40g/ square metre; Described warming-up device adopts boiler to heat, and the discarded object of most of agricultural production is used as fuel, and booth in blocks need to be connected the pipeline of carrying warm braw between canopy and canopy, and between canopy and canopy, the outdoor position of pipeline snarls with the nonwoven of 1～2cm thickness.
3. the greenhouse cultivation method of promotion dragon fruit good quality and high output as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (3), described support adopts galvanized iron conduit or the coating steel pipe of external diameter 2.5cm; The external diameter of described spiral is 1.7cm, long 1 meter, each 0.45m at least of the reinforcing bar of concrete column both sides; Described iron wire is positioned at the two ends of spiral; The spacing of described a plurality of bamboo poles is 35cm, and the diameter of bamboo pole is 1～2cm; Dragon fruit seedling is upwards long along bamboo pole, after higher than support, select directly horizontal tying up on support of a healthy and strong branch, as trunk, the side shoot sending thereon just allows it naturally droop on the iron wire of both sides later, become fruit bearing shoot, the orientation of described support, iron wire and bamboo pole be north and south row to.
4. the greenhouse cultivation method of promotion dragon fruit good quality and high output as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (5), described organic fertilizer makes by the following method: after 100kg water, 12kg molasses, 6 eggs of smashing, 6kg rice bran, 6kg analysis for soybean powder, 2～4 liters of living bacterial liquids are mixed, put into bucket, seal fermentation, stir every day 1～2 time, after one month, obtain the organic fertilizer of high-quality, during use, diluted 100 times, do root perfusion.
5. the greenhouse cultivation method of promotion dragon fruit good quality and high output as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (7), when artificial pollination, the Pitaya Flower selfing that is noted that red meat type is not affine, so during plantation red meat type dragon fruit, plant the dragon fruit of the plain boiled pork type of 10% left and right between.
6. the greenhouse cultivation method of promotion dragon fruit good quality and high output as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (8), the described bordeaux mixture spraying makes by the following method: the water-solubleization quicklime with 10%～20%, and 80%～90% water-solubleization copper sulphate, after it fully dissolves, copper-bath is slowly poured in milk of lime, limit bevelling stir bordeaux mixture, three's weight ratio, i.e. copper sulphate: quicklime: water=1:0.5:200; Spray bordeaux mixture to drench stem face but not drip.
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| CN108739336A (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2018-11-06 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | The greenhouse built and its fertilizing method of nutrient are absorbed conducive to dragon fruit aerial root |
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Effective date of registration: 20190322 Address after: No. 9 Huiqing Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200120 Patentee after: SHANGHAI HEQING DRAGON FRUIT TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CO.,LTD. Address before: 2012018 Haitang East Road, Heqing Town, Pudong New Area, Shanghai Patentee before: SHANGHAI BOYI ORGANIC AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT Co.,Ltd. |
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Application publication date: 20130306 Assignee: Shanghai Boyi Fruit and Vegetable Professional Cooperative Assignor: SHANGHAI HEQING DRAGON FRUIT TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CO.,LTD. Contract record no.: X2022980013999 Denomination of invention: A kind of greenhouse cultivation method and greenhouse structure for promoting high quality and high yield of dragon fruit Granted publication date: 20141001 License type: Common License Record date: 20220902 |
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Denomination of invention: A greenhouse cultivation method and greenhouse structure for promoting high-quality and high yield of dragon fruit Effective date of registration: 20230519 Granted publication date: 20141001 Pledgee: Pudong Shanghai technology financing Company limited by guarantee Pledgor: SHANGHAI HEQING DRAGON FRUIT TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CO.,LTD. Registration number: Y2023310000201 |