CN109258225B

CN109258225B - Cold-proof method for dragon fruit three-layer plastic shed

Info

Publication number: CN109258225B
Application number: CN201811379168.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘友接; 熊月明; 杨凌
Original assignee: Pomology Research Institute Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Pomology Research Institute Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2018-11-19
Filing date: 2018-11-19
Publication date: 2021-01-01
Anticipated expiration: 2038-11-19
Also published as: CN109258225A

Abstract

The invention discloses a dragon fruit three-layer plastic shed cold-proof method, which comprises three-layer plastic shed building, dragon fruit bracket building and dragon fruit cold-proof cultivation management measures, wherein an outer-layer plastic shed, an inner-layer plastic shed and a simple U-shaped shed are respectively arranged on the three-layer plastic shed from outside to inside, and the outer-layer plastic shed, the inner-layer plastic shed and the simple U-shaped shed are all covered by white plastic cloth; and the intervals between the outer layer plastic shed and the inner layer plastic shed and between the inner layer plastic shed and the simple U-shaped shed are all more than 80cm, so that the field operation of managers is facilitated, the whole structure is like covering 2 layers of thick air quilts, the cold-proof and heat-preservation effects are enhanced, the acceptability is high, and the popularization and the application are facilitated.

Description

Cold-proof method for dragon fruit three-layer plastic shed

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of plant cultivation methods, and particularly relates to a dragon fruit three-layer plastic shed cold-proof method.

Background

The dragon fruit is a typical tropical and subtropical plant, is warm and moist, resists high temperature and low temperature, and is afraid of frost. The optimum growth temperature of the pitaya is 25-35 ℃, when the environmental temperature is lower than 8 ℃, the pitaya enters dormancy, cell division is in a stagnation state, and plants stop growing to resist low-temperature stress. When the environmental temperature reaches 6-8 ℃, the young tips of the dragon fruits can be in cold damage, the cold damage can cause dysfunction of growth and development, and the young branches can be in rust-shaped spots. When the lowest temperature reaches 0-6 ℃, the dragon fruits can suffer from cold damage which can cause physiological dysfunction, and the branches which grow 1-2 years can generate sporadic yellow frost spots which can seriously cause plant death. When the outside temperature is below 0 ℃ and lasts for a long time, the mature branches of the dragon fruits can suffer from freezing damage, the freezing damage causes dehydration and icing of the tissues of the dragon fruits, and the old branches can be damaged or dead by the tissues. The degree of freeze injury of the dragon fruit branches is greatly related to low temperature and low temperature duration. Therefore, in frost places, the dragon fruit production needs a greenhouse facility to live through the winter safely. In the southern China with the distribution of the pitaya, the lowest temperature is less than-6 ℃ in winter generally, the lowest temperature generally appears from 12 pm to 5 pm before the sun comes out in the morning, the low temperature duration is about 3-5 hours, and the cold-proof effect of different cold-proof greenhouses is greatly different.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a dragon fruit three-layer plastic shed cold-proof method aiming at the defects of the prior art, wherein the three-layer shed frame structure is combined with matched cultivation management measures in the method, so that the growth environment of dragon fruit plants is optimized, the heat-preservation effect is obviously enhanced, the cold-resisting capability of the dragon fruits is enhanced, and the damage of low temperature to the dragon fruit plants is weakened.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a dragon fruit three-layer plastic shed cold-proof method comprises the following steps:

(1) building three layers of plastic sheds: the three-layer plastic shed is respectively provided with an outer-layer plastic shed, an inner-layer plastic shed and a simple U-shaped shed from outside to inside, the outer-layer plastic shed consists of a row of longitudinally parallel outer shed frame arch pipes, the distance between the outer shed frame arch pipes is 1.2m, two legs of the outer shed frame arch pipes are inserted into the ground for 50cm fixation, the outer shed frame arch pipes are fixedly connected with two lateral longitudinal outer pull rods through a top longitudinal outer pull rod, and the outer shed frame arch pipes at two ends are respectively fixed by 1 outer diagonal bracing rod; the inner-layer plastic shed is composed of a row of longitudinally parallel inner shed frame arch pipes, the distance between the inner shed frame arch pipes is 1.2m, two feet of the inner shed frame arch pipes are inserted into the ground for 50cm to be fixed, the inner shed frame arch pipes are fixedly connected with two lateral longitudinal inner pull rods through a top longitudinal inner pull rod, the inner shed frame arch pipes at two ends are respectively fixed by 1 inner diagonal pull support rod, and the shed distance between the outer-layer plastic shed and the inner-layer plastic shed is 80 cm; the simple U-shaped shed is formed by connecting a detachable longitudinally parallel U-shaped steel pipe frame with 3 transverse steel pipes (detachably), wherein two supporting legs of the U-shaped steel pipe frame are sleeved on reinforcing steel bars fixed on the ground, the diameter of each reinforcing steel bar is 1.4cm, the total length of each reinforcing steel bar is 40cm, the reinforcing steel bars are inserted into the ground by 20cm and exposed out of the ground by 20cm, the reinforcing steel bars are subjected to rust prevention treatment and are used for inserting two legs of the U-shaped steel pipe frame, and the distance between adjacent longitudinally parallel U-shaped steel pipe frames is 200 cm; the outer layer plastic shed, the inner layer plastic shed and the simple U-shaped shed are all covered by white plastic cloth, the thickness of the plastic sheds is 0.18mm, and after the plastic sheds are covered, the parts which droop to the ground are covered and pressed by soil, so that air leakage is prevented;

(2) constructing a dragon fruit bracket and planting the dragon fruit: the dragon fruit support is positioned in the middle of the simple U-shaped shed and consists of a row of longitudinally parallel A-shaped pipe frames, the tops of the A-shaped pipe frames are connected through steel pipes, bamboo poles are uniformly arranged in the middle of the adjacent A-shaped pipe frames, 1 dragon fruit seedling is planted on each side of each bamboo pole, and 1066 dragon fruit seedlings are planted per mu;

(3) carrying out cold-proof cultivation management measures on the dragon fruits: before winter, 5kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 400g of high-nitrogen low-potassium compound fertilizer and 200g of urea are applied to each dragon fruit plant; and the watering of the orchard is stopped 15 days before cold air comes, so that the dragon fruit plants are in a drought and water-deficient state, and the cold resisting capability of the dragon fruit plants is improved; spraying 40% plant antifreeze solution to the pitaya plants in the whole garden for 1 time 7 days before cold air comes, and enhancing the cold resistance of the plants; spraying equivalent Bordeaux mixture for 1 time to the dragon fruit orchard every 15 days in winter, paving a layer of 5-8 cm-thick straw or a layer of 5 cm-thick rice husk on the surface of the dragon fruit ridge, opening two plastic cloths of an outer plastic shed, an inner plastic shed and a simple U-shaped shed every 11 noon to four afternoon on sunny days in winter to keep the air in the shed in a ventilation state, and covering the two plastic cloths again after four afternoon; after winter, the outer plastic shed, the inner plastic shed and the plastic cloth of the simple U-shaped shed are all taken down, and the U-shaped steel pipe frame of the simple U-shaped shed is dismantled, so that the dragon fruit branches can grow to have sufficient sunlight.

Further, the outer layer plastic shed, the inner layer plastic shed and the simple U-shaped shed in the step (1) are all made of hot-dip galvanized steel pipes, the thickness of each hot-dip galvanized steel pipe is 0.12cm, and the diameter of each hot-dip galvanized steel pipe is 1 inch.

Further, in the step (1), the height of the outer plastic shed body is 4.2m, the width of the shed is 12.4m, and the shoulder height is 2.8 m.

Further, in the step (1), the height of the inner layer plastic shed is 3.4m, the width of the shed is 10.8m, and the shoulder height is 2.0 m.

Further, the height of the simple U-shaped shed body in the step (1) is 2.0m, the width of the shed is 1.7m, the height of the shoulder is 1.6m, and the distance between adjacent simple U-shaped sheds is 80 cm.

Further, in the step (2), the distance between two feet of the A-shaped pipe frame is 70cm, the distance between two feet of the A-shaped pipe frame is 30cm, the crossing point of two steel pipes of the A-shaped pipe frame is 1.0m vertically away from the ground, the distance between every two adjacent longitudinal parallel A-shaped pipe frames is 1.8m, the distance between every two adjacent transverse parallel A-shaped pipe frames is 2.5m, and the distance between every two adjacent bamboo poles is 50 cm.

The invention has the advantages that:

1. the three-layer plastic shed has a simple structure, is convenient for putting on and disassembling the plastic cloth, has an inserted U-shaped frame structure, is convenient for disassembling, can be repeatedly used, and reduces the production cost.

2. The three layers of plastic sheds are covered by white plastic cloth, so that heat in the sheds can be effectively prevented from being reflected back, and the heat preservation effect is obviously enhanced; and a large part of heat in the transparent plastic cloth shed is reflected back, the temperature in the shed is reduced, the heat preservation effect is poor, and the freeze injury of the dragon fruit branches is enhanced. The thickness of the white plastic cloth is 0.18mm, the heat insulation performance is good, and the heat insulation effect is obviously better than that of the transparent plastic cloth with the thickness of 0.12 mm.

3. The intervals between the outer layer plastic shed and the inner layer plastic shed and between the inner layer plastic shed and the simple U-shaped shed are all more than 80cm, so that the field operation of managers is facilitated, the whole structure is like covering 2 layers of thick air quilts, the cold-proof heat-preservation effect is enhanced, the acceptability is high, and the popularization and the application are facilitated.

4. The three-layer shed frame structural design combines matched cultivation management measures, so that the growth environment of the dragon fruit plants is optimized, the heat preservation effect is obviously enhanced, the cold resisting capability of the dragon fruit is enhanced, and the damage of low temperature to the dragon fruit plants is weakened.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a three-layer plastic shed and a dragon fruit bracket in the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a simple U-shaped shed;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a pitaya bracket;

in the figure: 1-outer layer plastic shed, 2-inner layer plastic shed, 3-simple U-shaped shed, 301-U-shaped steel pipe frame, 302-transverse steel pipe, 303-reinforcing steel bar, 4-dragon fruit support and 5-bamboo pole.

Detailed Description

In order to facilitate an understanding of the present invention, the following examples are provided to further illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

Example (refer to FIG. 1)

(1) Building three layers of plastic sheds: the three-layer plastic shed is respectively provided with an outer-layer plastic shed 1, an inner-layer plastic shed 2 and a simple U-shaped shed 3 from outside to inside, wherein the outer-layer plastic shed 1 consists of a row of longitudinally parallel outer shed frame arch pipes, the distance between the outer shed frame arch pipes is 1.2m, two feet of each outer shed frame arch pipe are inserted into the ground for fixing by 50cm, the outer shed frame arch pipes are fixedly connected with two lateral longitudinal outer pull rods through a top longitudinal outer pull rod, the outer shed frame arch pipes at two ends are respectively fixed by 1 outer diagonal pull support rod, the height of the shed body of the outer-layer plastic shed 1 is 4.2m, the width of the shed is 12.4m, and the shoulder height is 2.8 m; the inner-layer plastic shed 2 is composed of a row of longitudinally parallel inner shed frame arch pipes, the distance between the inner shed frame arch pipes is 1.2m, two feet of the inner shed frame arch pipes are inserted into the ground for 50cm to be fixed, the inner shed frame arch pipes are fixedly connected with two lateral longitudinal inner pull rods through a top longitudinal inner pull rod, the inner shed frame arch pipes at two ends are respectively fixed by 1 inner diagonal pull support rod, the height of the shed body of the inner-layer plastic shed 2 is 3.4m, the width of the shed is 10.8m, the height of the shoulder is 2.0m, and the shed distance between the outer-layer plastic shed and the inner-layer plastic shed is 80 cm; the simple U-shaped sheds 3 are uniformly arranged in the inner plastic shed 2, each simple U-shaped shed 3 is formed by mutually connecting 3 longitudinal parallel U-shaped steel pipe frames through 3 transverse steel pipes (detachably), two supporting legs of each U-shaped steel pipe frame are sleeved on reinforcing steel bars fixed on the ground, the diameter of each reinforcing steel bar is 1.4cm, the total length of each reinforcing steel bar is 40cm, each reinforcing steel bar is inserted into the ground by 20cm and is exposed out of the ground by 20cm, the reinforcing steel bars are subjected to rust prevention treatment and are used for inserting two legs of each U-shaped steel pipe frame, the distance between every two adjacent longitudinal parallel U-shaped steel pipe frames is 200cm, the height of a shed body of each simple U-shaped shed 3 is 2.0m, the width of the shed is 1.7m, the height of a; the outer plastic shed 1, the inner plastic shed 2 and the simple U-shaped shed 3 are all covered by white plastic cloth, the thickness of the plastic cloth is 0.18mm, and after the plastic cloth is covered, the part which falls to the ground is covered and pressed by soil, so that air leakage is prevented; the shed frames of the outer plastic shed 1, the inner plastic shed 2 and the simple U-shaped shed 3 are all made of hot-dip galvanized steel pipes, the thickness of each pipe is 0.12cm, and the diameter of each pipe is 1 inch;

(2) constructing a dragon fruit bracket and planting the dragon fruit: the dragon fruit support 4 is located in the middle of the simple U-shaped shed and consists of a row of longitudinally parallel A-shaped pipe frames, the distance between two feet of each A-shaped pipe frame is 70cm, the distance between every two feet of each A-shaped pipe frame is 30cm, the cross point of two steel pipes of each A-shaped pipe frame is vertically 1.0m away from the ground, the distance between every two adjacent longitudinally parallel A-shaped pipe frames is 1.8m, the distance between every two adjacent transversely parallel A-shaped pipe frames is 2.5m, the tops of the A-shaped pipe frames are connected through steel pipes, bamboo poles 5 are uniformly arranged in the middles of the adjacent A-shaped pipe frames, the distance between every two adjacent bamboo poles 5 is 50cm, 1 dragon fruit seedling is planted on each side of each bamboo;

(3) carrying out cold-proof cultivation management measures on the dragon fruits: before winter, 5kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 400g of high-nitrogen low-potassium compound fertilizer and 200g of urea are applied to each dragon fruit plant, and watering of the orchard is stopped 15 days before cold air comes, so that the dragon fruit plant is in a drought and water-deficient state, and the cold resistance of the dragon fruit plant is improved; spraying 40% plant antifreeze solution to the pitaya plants in the whole garden for 1 time 7 days before cold air comes, and enhancing the cold resistance of the plants; spraying 1 time of equivalent Bordeaux mixture to a dragon fruit orchard every 15 days in winter, paving a layer of chaff with the thickness of 5cm on the surface of a dragon fruit ridge, opening two plastic cloths of an outer plastic shed 1, an inner plastic shed 2 and a simple U-shaped shed 3 every noon to 4 pm on sunny days in winter to keep the air in the shed in a ventilation state, and covering the two plastic cloths again after 4 pm; after winter, the outer plastic shed 1, the inner plastic shed 2 and the simple U-shaped shed 3 are completely taken down, the U-shaped steel pipe support of the simple U-shaped shed 3 is dismantled, and the dragon fruit branches are guaranteed to grow with sufficient sunlight.

And (3) effect comparison:

in the prior art, the injury performance of the dragon fruit branches after the cold protection of the single-layer plastic shed, the cold protection of the double-layer plastic shed and the cold protection of the three-layer plastic shed of the invention lasts for 3-5 hours at low temperature is shown in the following table 1:

from the analysis of the above table, the cold-proof method of the three-layer plastic shed is adopted, so that the temperature difference of 9-10 ℃ exists between the temperature of the environment where the pitaya grows in the shed and the outside temperature, the cold-resisting capability is obviously enhanced, meanwhile, the implementation of the matched cultivation measures enhances the cold-resisting capability of the pitaya plants, even if the outside temperature is reduced to-6 ℃, the tender branches of the pitaya in the shed only have sporadic rust-like spots, and the spots can be repaired to be normal along with the rise of the temperature. Therefore, the three-layer plastic shed cold-proof method enables the dragon fruit plants to safely overwinter in severe cold winter, and achieves good cold-proof and warm-keeping effects.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.

Claims

1. A dragon fruit three-layer plastic shed cold-proof method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

(1) building three layers of plastic sheds: the three-layer plastic shed is respectively provided with an outer-layer plastic shed, an inner-layer plastic shed and a simple U-shaped shed from outside to inside, the outer-layer plastic shed consists of a row of longitudinally parallel outer shed frame arch pipes, the distance between the outer shed frame arch pipes is 1.2m, two legs of the outer shed frame arch pipes are inserted into the ground for 50cm fixation, the outer shed frame arch pipes are fixedly connected with two lateral longitudinal outer pull rods through a top longitudinal outer pull rod, and the outer shed frame arch pipes at two ends are respectively fixed by 1 outer diagonal bracing rod; the inner-layer plastic shed is composed of a row of longitudinally parallel inner shed frame arch pipes, the distance between the inner shed frame arch pipes is 1.2m, two feet of the inner shed frame arch pipes are inserted into the ground for 50cm to be fixed, the inner shed frame arch pipes are fixedly connected with two lateral longitudinal inner pull rods through a top longitudinal inner pull rod, the inner shed frame arch pipes at two ends are respectively fixed by 1 inner diagonal pull support rod, and the shed distance between the outer-layer plastic shed and the inner-layer plastic shed is 80 cm; the simple U-shaped shed is uniformly arranged in the inner-layer plastic shed and formed by mutually connecting a detachable longitudinally parallel U-shaped steel pipe frame through 3 transverse steel pipes, wherein two supporting legs of the U-shaped steel pipe frame are sleeved on reinforcing steel bars fixed on the ground, the diameter of each reinforcing steel bar is 1.4cm, the total length of each reinforcing steel bar is 40cm, the reinforcing steel bars are inserted into the ground by 20cm and exposed out of the ground by 20cm, and the distance between adjacent longitudinally parallel U-shaped steel pipe frames is 200 cm; the outer layer plastic shed, the inner layer plastic shed and the simple U-shaped shed are all covered by white plastic cloth, and the thickness of the plastic sheds is 0.18 mm;

(2) constructing a dragon fruit bracket and planting the dragon fruit: the dragon fruit support is positioned in the middle of the simple U-shaped shed and consists of a row of longitudinally parallel A-shaped pipe frames, the tops of the A-shaped pipe frames are connected through steel pipes, bamboo poles are uniformly arranged in the middle of the adjacent A-shaped pipe frames, and 1 dragon fruit seedling is planted on each of two sides of each bamboo pole;

(3) carrying out cold-proof cultivation management measures on the dragon fruits: before winter, 5kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 400g of high-nitrogen low-potassium compound fertilizer and 200g of urea are applied to each dragon fruit plant; spraying equivalent Bordeaux mixture for 1 time to the dragon fruit orchard every 15 days in winter, paving a layer of 5-8 cm-thick straw or a layer of 5 cm-thick rice husk on the surface of the dragon fruit ridge, opening two plastic cloths of an outer plastic shed, an inner plastic shed and a simple U-shaped shed every 11 noon to four afternoon on sunny days in winter to keep the air in the shed in a ventilation state, and covering the two plastic cloths again after four afternoon; after winter, the outer plastic shed, the inner plastic shed and the plastic cloth of the simple U-shaped shed are all taken down, and the U-shaped steel pipe frame of the simple U-shaped shed is dismantled, so that the dragon fruit branches can grow to have sufficient sunlight.

2. The dragon fruit three-layer plastic shed cold-proof method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (2) adopting hot-dip galvanized steel pipes for the outer-layer plastic shed, the inner-layer plastic shed and the simple U-shaped shed in the step (1), wherein the thickness of each hot-dip galvanized steel pipe is 0.12cm, and the diameter of each hot-dip galvanized steel pipe is 1 inch.

3. The dragon fruit three-layer plastic shed cold-proof method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the height of the outer plastic shed body is 4.2m, the width of the shed is 12.4m, and the shoulder height is 2.8 m.

4. The dragon fruit three-layer plastic shed cold-proof method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the height of the inner plastic shed is 3.4m, the width of the shed is 10.8m, and the shoulder height is 2.0 m.

5. The dragon fruit three-layer plastic shed cold-proof method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the height of the simple U-shaped shed body is 2.0m, the width of the shed is 1.7m, the height of the shoulder is 1.6m, and the distance between adjacent simple U-shaped sheds is 80 cm.

6. The dragon fruit three-layer plastic shed cold-proof method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the distance between two feet of the A-shaped pipe frame is 70cm, the distance between two feet of the A-shaped pipe frame is 30cm, the crossing point of two steel pipes of the A-shaped pipe frame is 1.0m from the ground vertically, the distance between every two adjacent longitudinal parallel A-shaped pipe frames is 1.8m, the distance between every two adjacent transverse parallel A-shaped pipe frames is 2.5m, and the distance between every two adjacent bamboo poles is 50 cm.