CN103918519B - The short early ripe cultivation method of a kind of White Pulp Loquat double film booth insulation - Google Patents
The short early ripe cultivation method of a kind of White Pulp Loquat double film booth insulation Download PDFInfo
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- CN103918519B CN103918519B CN201410141572.1A CN201410141572A CN103918519B CN 103918519 B CN103918519 B CN 103918519B CN 201410141572 A CN201410141572 A CN 201410141572A CN 103918519 B CN103918519 B CN 103918519B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the short early ripe cultivation method of a kind of White Pulp Loquat double film booth insulation, comprise greenhouse structure improvement, overlay film time and film-uncovering time are determined, rich water quality management after overlay film, specifically carry out as follows: (1) arranges double film booth structure: outside inside and outside arch bar, two ends install 1 vertical pole respectively, and interior outer film is fixed on vertical pole by plastics draw-in groove; (2) cultivation of loquat plant in double film booth: in canopy, planting loquat density is 4m × 3 ~ 5m.(3) the covered rearing with plastic film time of two film canopy: can late November ~ at the beginning of 12 months.(4) water management in two film canopy: after canopy film covers, the moisture supply of loquat is mainly through artificial supplementation.The present invention is directed to the defect that conventional monolayers booth exists, by transformation facility structure, increase one deck inner membrance, become monofilm into two film, improve the heat-insulating property of booth, make it improve antifreeze ability, realize the safe overwintering of White Pulp Loquat, and realize doing sth. in advance about 1 month maturation than open country.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the short early ripe cultivation method of a kind of White Pulp Loquat double film booth insulation, belong to fruit tree cultivation technical field.
Background technology
Loquat is divided into red meat and plain boiled pork two class by pulp colour.Wherein White Pulp Loquat is sweet in honey, excellent in flavor, soft and succulency and being well received by consumers because of taste, becomes the loquat main breed of the provinces and cities such as Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shanghai.Current White Pulp Loquat market price, generally at 30 ~ 60 yuan/kg, far above red meat veriety, is one of fruit tree kind that planting benefit is higher.But White Pulp Loquat because of the florescence more Zao than red meat loquat, flower be more subject to frost with young fruit than red meat loquat and affect output.In addition, White Pulp Loquat pericarp is thinner than red meat loquat, be subject to rainwater, high temperature injury and there is dehiscent fruit, day burns etc. affects the disease of commodity, this also has a strong impact on output and the benefit of White Pulp Loquat.Therefore, a kind of facility and cultivation method being suitable for White Pulp Loquat feature of exploitation is badly in need of.
Greenhouse facility is adopted to be the antifreeze effective ways of White Pulp Loquat, and anti-fruit-cracking of taking shelter from rain.But traditional single or connect a plastic tunnel because of adopt single layer plastics films cover, heat insulation effect is not good, there is daytime in winter temperature of shed too high, and night, temperature of shed was still in less than 0 DEG C, like this because of the not dormancy of booth loquat, the freeze injury caused is instead higher than open country, and particularly the cork disease that produces because of freeze injury of fruit is even serious than open country.Therefore, traditional individual layer booth is not suitable for the antifreeze Forcing cultivation of plain boiled pork.The booth of current Loquat growth mostly is galvanized pipe plastic tunnel, its structure is: booth span 8m, length 50 ~ 60m, shoulder height 2m, rise 3.5m, arch bar spacing 0.6m, draw-in groove (the thick 0.7cm of steel plate) 4 roads, vertical pole 3 road, sets together as two arch in every 3 road arch bars, film machine is manually shaken in configuration, and Yishanmen is respectively established in shed two ends.Although this kind of individual layer booth also can frost prevention, in the north subtropical such as Zhejiang, Jiangsu area, winter temperature is low, still can not make temperature of shed more than 0 DEG C.Therefore, individual layer booth is applied seldom on loquat.Guarantee antifreeze short morning, key is first flower of protection loquat, must make temperature of shed more than 0 DEG C.
Summary of the invention
Order of the present invention be overcome individual layer booth White Pulp Loquat cultivation because of heat insulating ability difference can not be antifreeze defect, be that double film booth and corresponding administrative skill are supporting by changing facility structure, the antifreeze short morning realizing White Pulp Loquat is ripe.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows.
The short early ripe cultivation method of a kind of White Pulp Loquat double film booth insulation, comprise greenhouse structure improvement, overlay film time and film-uncovering time are determined, the rich water quality management after overlay film, specifically carry out as follows:
(1) double film booth structure is set: booth width is 8m, rises 4.5m, shoulder height 3m, long 60m, inside and outside intermembranous every 0.35m; Two heel posts of two film canopy adopt the steel pipe of diameter 4 ~ 5cm or zinc-plated square tube, long 3.5m, and wherein 50cm gos deep in soil; The long 4m of every root post, column is connected after ceiling is fixing by 1 vertical pole, and vertical pole installs arch bar, and arch bar two end is connected with draw-in groove respectively.Two ends outside inside and outside arch bar, install 1 vertical pole respectively, interior outer film is fixed on vertical pole by plastics draw-in groove, and vertical pole one end configures 1 respectively and manually shakes film machine.2 fan doors are respectively established at the two ends of two film canopy.Outer membrane thickness is 0.065mm, and internal layer membrane thickness is 0.05mm.
(2) cultivation of loquat plant in double film booth: White Pulp Loquat kind is White Pulp Loquat " Ninghai is white ", and in canopy, planting loquat density is 4m × 3 ~ 5m.Implantation time March in spring, nursery stock, in 30cm place fixed pole, adopts without mobile jib shaping.Retain 4 side shoots of pumping from mobile jib after fixed pole as major branch, Second Year carries out drawing branch to make it to keep miter angle with ground, and on each major branch, pumping branch stays 3 as secondary major branch, and the branch of each secondary major branch pumping stays 3 branch groups as a result.Retain 1 major branch, 2 side shoots at the 3rd year each bearing basal shoot of summer shoot pumping to prune, and carry out turning round the short flower of the tip before mid-July, make tree body branch reach 9 ~ 10 grades, start in the autumn and winter setting of blooming.
(3) the covered rearing with plastic film time of two film canopy: can late November ~ at the beginning of 12 months, second batch flower contain flower time cover the first tunic; Before mid or late December frost arriving, cover the second tunic and be incubated.When daytime, temperature of shed was more than 30 DEG C, raise inner membrance and skirt film is lowered the temperature.
(4) water management in two film canopy: after canopy film covers, the moisture supply of loquat is mainly through artificial supplementation.Can drip irrigation pipe and ceiling be laid micro-spray device is installed carries out moisture and supplement in earth's surface in canopy.Drip irrigation pipe flow 1.6L/h, dripper spacing 40cm, depending on plant and temperature regime, every 2 days drip irrigations 1 time, each time is 0.8 ~ 1.2h.Fruit expanding period loquat by green turn pale green time, changing drip irrigation is micro-spray.Micro-nozzle diameter is 0.8 ~ 1.2mm, and in row, every 3 ~ 4m arranges 1 mini sprinkler on tree crown top, micro-spray time 2 times/day, and each time is 10 ~ 20min.Fruit harvesting stops water spray in first 5 days.
This beneficial effect of the invention is: the present invention is directed to the defect that conventional monolayers booth exists, by transformation facility structure, increase one deck inner membrance, become monofilm into two film, improve the heat-insulating property of booth, make it improve antifreeze ability, realize the safe overwintering of White Pulp Loquat, and realize doing sth. in advance about 1 month maturation than open country.Double film booth of the present invention has following advantages compared with common monofilm booth: one is increase inner membrance, improves insulating power; Two is that inner membrance and adventitia all open ventilative cooling by rolling up film machine, avoids loquat temperature of shed more than 30 DEG C to the high temperature injury that loquat produces; Three is alleviate surface evaporation by covered ground reflective membrane, reduces canopy humidity.
Application the present invention, canopy minimum temperature can be made to improve 4 ~ 6 DEG C, and in canopy, loquat flower fringe rot rate reduces 60 ~ 80% than open country, and percentage of fertile fruit is higher than open country by 60 ~ 80%, average 7 ~ 10 of every fringe setting quantity; Cracking fruit reduces 90%.Become to set age strain and produce about 10 ~ 15kg, per mu yield 400 ~ more than 600kg, than open country volume increase 30% ~ 50%, the maturing stage does sth. in advance 25-35 days, fruit soluble solids content 14 ~ 16%.Thus realize high-quality, stable yields, efficient.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described, better to understand the present invention.
Embodiment
The short early ripe cultivation method of a kind of White Pulp Loquat double film booth insulation, comprise greenhouse structure improvement, overlay film time and film-uncovering time are determined, the rich water quality management after overlay film, specifically carry out as follows:
(1) double film booth structure is set: booth width is 8m, rises 4.5m, shoulder height 3m, long 60m, inside and outside intermembranous every 0.35m; Two heel posts of two film canopy adopt the steel pipe of diameter 4 ~ 5cm or zinc-plated square tube, long 3.5m, and wherein 50cm gos deep in soil; The long 4m of every root post, column is connected after ceiling is fixing by 1 vertical pole, vertical pole is installed arch bar (spacing 1m/ root, support membrane effect), and arch bar two end is connected with draw-in groove (2, in canopy both sides, play a part fixedly to tighten canopy film) respectively.Two ends outside inside and outside arch bar, install 1 vertical pole (totally 4) respectively, interior outer film is fixed on vertical pole by plastics draw-in groove, and vertical pole one end configures 1 respectively and manually shakes film machine.2 fan doors are respectively established at the two ends of two film canopy.Outer membrane thickness is 0.065mm, and internal layer membrane thickness is 0.05mm.
(2) cultivation of loquat plant in double film booth: White Pulp Loquat kind is White Pulp Loquat " Ninghai is white ", and in canopy, planting loquat density is 4m × 3 ~ 5m.Implantation time March in spring, nursery stock, in 30cm place fixed pole, adopts without mobile jib shaping.Retain 4 side shoots of pumping from mobile jib after fixed pole as major branch, Second Year carries out drawing branch to make it to keep miter angle with ground, and on each major branch, pumping branch stays 3 as secondary major branch, and the branch of each secondary major branch pumping stays 3 branch groups as a result.Retain 1 major branch, 2 side shoots at the 3rd year each bearing basal shoot of summer shoot pumping to prune, and carry out turning round the short flower of the tip before mid-July, make tree body branch reach 9 ~ 10 grades, start in the autumn and winter setting of blooming.
(3) the covered rearing with plastic film time of two film canopy: at the beginning of 11 below the moon ~ 12 months, the first tunic can be covered when second batch flower contains flower; Before mid or late December frost arriving, cover the second tunic and be incubated.When daytime, temperature of shed was more than 30 DEG C, raise inner membrance and skirt film is lowered the temperature.
(4) water management in two film canopy: after canopy film covers, the moisture supply of loquat is mainly through artificial supplementation.Can drip irrigation pipe and ceiling be laid micro-spray device is installed carries out moisture and supplement in earth's surface in canopy.Drip irrigation pipe flow 1.6L/h, dripper spacing 40cm, depending on plant and temperature regime, every 2 days drip irrigations 1 time, each time is 0.8 ~ 1.2h.Fruit expanding period loquat by green turn pale green time, changing drip irrigation is micro-spray.Micro-nozzle diameter is 0.8 ~ 1.2mm, and in row, every 3 ~ 4m arranges 1 mini sprinkler on tree crown top, micro-spray time 2 times/day, and each time is 10 ~ 20min.Fruit harvesting stops water spray in first 5 days.
The above is the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications are also considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the short early ripe cultivation method of White Pulp Loquat double film booth insulation, comprise greenhouse structure improvement, overlay film time and film-uncovering time are determined, the rich water quality management after overlay film, is characterized in that: specifically carry out as follows:
(1) double film booth structure is set: booth width is 8m, rises 4.5m, shoulder height 3m, long 60m, internal layer membrane and outer membrane interval 0.35m; Two heel posts of two film canopy adopt the steel pipe of diameter 4 ~ 5cm or zinc-plated square tube, long 3.5m, and wherein 50cm gos deep in soil; The long 4m of every root post, column is connected after ceiling is fixing by 1 vertical pole, and vertical pole installs arch bar, and arch bar two end is connected with draw-in groove respectively; Two ends outside inside and outside arch bar, install 1 vertical pole respectively, internal layer membrane and outer membrane are fixed on vertical pole by plastics draw-in groove, and vertical pole one end configures 1 respectively and manually shakes film machine;
(2) cultivation of loquat plant in double film booth: in canopy, planting loquat density is 4m × 3 ~ 5m; Implantation time March in spring, nursery stock, in 30cm place fixed pole, adopts without mobile jib shaping; Retain 4 side shoots of pumping from mobile jib after fixed pole as major branch, Second Year carries out drawing branch to make it to keep miter angle with ground, and on each major branch, pumping branch stays 3 as secondary major branch, and the branch of each secondary major branch pumping stays 3 branch groups as a result; Retain 1 major branch, 2 side shoots at the 3rd year each bearing basal shoot of summer shoot pumping to prune, and carry out turning round the short flower of the tip before mid-July, make tree body branch reach 9 ~ 10 grades, start in the autumn and winter setting of blooming;
(3) the covered rearing with plastic film time of two film canopy: late November ~ at the beginning of 12 months, second batch flower contain flower time cover the first tunic; Before mid or late December frost arriving, cover the second tunic and be incubated; When daytime, temperature of shed was more than 30 DEG C, raise inner membrance and skirt film is lowered the temperature;
(4) water management in two film canopy: after canopy film covers, artificial supplementation is passed through in the moisture supply of loquat; In canopy, earth's surface is laid drip irrigation pipe and ceiling and is installed micro-spray device and carry out moisture and supplement; Fruit expanding period loquat by green turn pale green time, changing drip irrigation is micro-spray; Fruit harvesting stops water spray in first 5 days.
2. the short early ripe cultivation method of White Pulp Loquat double film booth insulation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the greenhouse structure in described step (1), 2 fan doors are respectively established at the two ends of double film booth, and outer membrane thickness is 0.065mm, and internal layer membrane thickness is 0.05mm.
3. the short early ripe cultivation method of White Pulp Loquat double film booth insulation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step (4), drip irrigation pipe flow 1.6L/h, dripper spacing 40cm, depending on plant and temperature regime, every 2 days drip irrigations 1 time, each time is 0.8 ~ 1.2h.
4. the short early ripe cultivation method of White Pulp Loquat double film booth insulation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the micro-nozzle diameter that in described step (4), micro-spray adopts is 0.8 ~ 1.2mm, in row, every 3 ~ 4m arranges 1 mini sprinkler on tree crown top, micro-spray time 2 times/day, each time is 10 ~ 20min.
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| NL2030034A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2023-06-20 | Zhejiang Acad Agricultural Sci | Method for preventing greenhouse loquat fruit from freezing injure at extreme cold temperature and promoting early ripening |
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| CN104396659A (en) * | 2014-10-20 | 2015-03-11 | 北京市农业技术推广站 | Northern greenhouse loquat planting method |
| CN105210639B (en) * | 2015-10-21 | 2017-12-22 | 浙江省农业科学院 | A kind of method postponed loquat and just take time to improve loquat yield and quality |
| CN105248237A (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2016-01-20 | 益阳市益华农林科技开发有限公司 | Trimming and pruning method for loquats |
| CN105532406A (en) * | 2016-01-13 | 2016-05-04 | 四川农业大学 | White-pulp loquat new strain preparing method based on red-pulp loquat variety |
| CN106212145A (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2016-12-14 | 苏州市泰盛农业科技有限公司 | A kind of greenhouse gardening method of High-quality Loquat |
| CN107637478B (en) * | 2017-10-16 | 2020-11-06 | 广东省农业科学院果树研究所 | Irrigation method of loquat trees |
| CN110614617B (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2021-01-05 | 平庆义 | Auxiliary maintenance device for automobile motor controller |
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