CN104705149A - Cultivation method of Asian and European grape varieties in high precipitation area - Google Patents
Cultivation method of Asian and European grape varieties in high precipitation area Download PDFInfo
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- CN104705149A CN104705149A CN201510024190.5A CN201510024190A CN104705149A CN 104705149 A CN104705149 A CN 104705149A CN 201510024190 A CN201510024190 A CN 201510024190A CN 104705149 A CN104705149 A CN 104705149A
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Abstract
The invention provides a cultivation method of Asian and European grape varieties in a high precipitation area. The method comprises the steps that of 1 cultivation soil selection, 2 grape variety selection, 3 soil preparation, 4 planting, 5 canopy frame erecting, 6 cultivation soil selection, 7 post-cultivation management, 8 cluster management and 9 mature harvesting. According to the cultivation method, a canopy frame through which people can take shelter from the rain can be erected and has the good ventilation performance, rainwater is prevented from directly watering plants, meanwhile soil water content is lowered, diseases such as anthrachose of grape, gray mold, anthracnose and downy mildew can be effectively reduced, the Asian and European grape varieties grow healthily in the local area, and the purposes of good quality and high yield are achieved. The canopy frame is simple in structure, solid, durable and good in wind-resistant performance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruit tree cultivation technical field, particularly relate to the cultivation method of a kind of vitis vinifera in high precipitation area.
Background technology
Vitis vinifera is because it is wide in variety, product are of fine quality, good palatability, and dark in town and country consumers welcomed, cultivated area increases year by year.Along with the adjustment of agricultural structure, some such as Littoral Jiangsu Provinces, high precipitation area also start to plant vitis vinifera.But because these high precipitation areas are if Littoral Jiangsu Province average annual precipitation is in 1100-1200 millimeter, and vitis vinifera is suitable for average annual precipitation in 600 millimeter, these higher precipitation in area easily cause the generation of the disease such as anthrachose of grape, gray mold, anthracnose, downy mildew of vitis vinifera.
Because above-mentioned problem, the design people, actively in addition research and innovation, be suitable for vitis vinifera in precipitation district higher to founding one, especially at the breeding method of coastal area plantation.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides the cultivation method of a kind of vitis vinifera in high precipitation area, effectively can reduce the generation of plant damage by disease and insect, reach the target of good quality and high output simultaneously.
Grape rain shelter cultivation method of the present invention, carry out in accordance with the following steps:
(1) plant the selection of soil: select pH value 6 ~ 8, salt content below 0.15%, subterranean water level at below 0.8m, the soil that draining is good, soil layer is deep, the soil is porous;
(2) selection of grape variety: based on early-maturing variety, middle-late ripening variety is suitably arranged in pairs or groups as principle, and grafting selects moisture-proof salt-enduring cultivars to be stock;
(3) wholely: first 2 months of field planting, open field planting ditch, dark 60cm, wide 80-100cm, landfill crop straw, then with poultry miscellany fertilizer, the superphosphate of becoming thoroughly decomposed, mixing imposes on field planting ditch bottom, then fills out back table soil.Open furrow ditch, more whole by line-spacing, make furrow face form arch, furrow ditch communicates with one another, access drain ditch simultaneously;
(4) field planting: high-order field planting, digs shallow cave, surface planting on furrow, grafting grafting mouth 5cm ~ 10cm above ground level, cuttage seeding does not reveal topmost fibrous root, steady and sure also waters permeable, covering with plastic film moisturizing;
(5) frame: adopt horizontal rack to connect a structure, vertical between canopy have support column and C shape connector, it is highly 1.8m ~ 2.0m that support column is unearthed, burying embedded depth under support column is 0.7 ~ 0.9m, the top of support column is provided with built-in fitting, and the two ends of C shape connector are separately fixed on the built-in fitting of adjacent supports column top, and then are confined by bed rearrangement booth, C shape connector is installed dome-shaped ceiling frame, and between two canopies, covering leaves 30cm ~ 50cm ventilating opening;
(6) plastic sheeting for farm use is covered: plastic sheeting for farm use adopts high light-transmissive film or without dripping long-lived film, covers the principle that Dong Luxia lid followed by plastic sheeting for farm use;
(7) management after planting: comprise branches and tendrils management, water and fertilizer management, the extermination of disease and insect pest.
(8) fruit ear management: determine fringe, fruit thinning, fixed fruit and bagging.
(9) maturation is gathered.
Further, the time of described field planting is annual mid or late Febuary.
Further, the span of described canopy is 5-7m, determines according to the plantation density of grape.
Further, described ceiling frame is wide is 1m, height is 3.0m ~ 3.2m, and the length of described ceiling frame is determined according to landform.
Further, described support column is by cement production systD, and described ceiling frame is made by by steel pipe and film-pressing tank, and described frame face is made up of steel wire.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the frame of erection is compared with traditional open country hedge formula, and within 2 years after field planting, focus on nourishing and growing of plant, strong sprout shapes, and can effectively alleviate phase workload of bearing fruit, and improves fruit quality; This method erection can be taken shelter from rain and the good frame of air permeability, the direct dew of precipitation to plant is avoided to drench, reduce soil moisture content simultaneously, the generation of the diseases such as effective minimizing anthrachose of grape, gray mold, anthracnose, downy mildew, make vitis vinifera at this area healthy growth, reach the target of good quality and high output simultaneously; This scaffolding structure is simple, durable, and wind resistance anti-adversity is excellent.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further described.
Grape rain shelter cultivation method shown in one embodiment of the invention, carry out in accordance with the following steps:
(1) plant the selection of soil: select pH value 6 ~ 8, salt content is below 0.15%, and subterranean water level is at below 0.8m, and the soil that draining is good, soil layer is deep, the soil is porous, meets the growth of the comparatively suitable vitis vinifera of soil of above-mentioned condition;
(2) selection of grape variety: based on early-maturing variety, middle-late ripening variety is suitably arranged in pairs or groups as principle, and because coastal area humidity is comparatively large, soil salt is relatively high, grafting selects moisture-proof salt-enduring cultivars to be stock, can improve the moisture-proof salt resistance ability of vitis vinifera;
(3) wholely: the time of field planting is be advisable annual mid or late Febuary, can adjust according to the weather conditions that locality is concrete, first 2 months of field planting, opens field planting ditch, dark 60cm, wide 80cm-100cm, landfill crop straw, then every 666.7m
2with poultry miscellany fertilizer 2000kg ~ 3000kg, the superphosphate 30kg ~ 50kg of becoming thoroughly decomposed, mixing imposes on field planting ditch bottom, then fills out back table soil.Open furrow ditch by line-spacing, ditch depth 50cm, face width 50cm, bottom width 30cm simultaneously, more whole, make furrow face form arch, furrow ditch communicates with one another, access drain ditch;
(4) field planting: high-order field planting, digs shallow cave, and surface planting is on furrow, and grafting grafting mouth 5cm ~ 10cm above ground level, cuttage seeding does not reveal topmost fibrous root, and having peace of mind is also watered permeable, covering with plastic film moisturizing.The principle that plantation density follows dense planting in early stage, later stage letter is cut down;
(5) frame: adopt horizontal rack to connect a structure.
A canopy interior span 5m-7m, determine according to the plantation density of grape, vertical between canopy have cement support column, support column be unearthed height 1.8m ~ 2.0m, under bury embedded depth 0.8m, bed rearrangement booth is confined by the C shape connector being connected 8cm-10cm by the built-in fitting on support column top, C shape connector is installed arch ceiling frame, and ceiling frame is wide is 1m, canopy is high is 3.0m ~ 3.2m, and length is determined because of landform.Between two canopies, covering leaves 30cm ~ 50cm ventilating opening; Ceiling frame is made by by steel pipe and film-pressing tank, and frame face is made up of steel wire.
(6) selection of plastic sheeting for farm use is covered: plastic sheeting for farm use adopts high light-transmissive film or without dripping long-lived film, covers the principle that Dong Luxia lid followed by plastic sheeting for farm use, and tectorial membrane time, in late March ~ early April, is gathered after terminating and taken off film in time; High light-transmissive film can alleviate facility of taking shelter from rain to photosynthetic reduction, can alleviate high temperature water droplet burning to plant without dripping long-lived film;
(7) management after planting: comprise branches and tendrils management, water and fertilizer management and the extermination of disease and insect pest.
Branches and tendrils management: when young sprout is evacuated to about 30cm, should found little bamboo bar, progressively draws with cloth lines ∞ shape and to tie up or with the colligation of dedicated tying band; Grafting is erased the bud that stock occurs in time, removes grafting wrapping film; Timely excision tendril; The single climing cultivation of plant, added pinching, stays 2 sublateral shoots to divide to being trained main climing, pinching again when main climing 120cm is long, the female branch of cultivation results; Under frame face, sublateral shoot stays 1 leaf ~ 2 leaf pinching; Mid-September, climingly carry out pinching to all, short main climing overstriking; Winter cuts and carries out to early January in next year after fallen leaves, locates cutting back female branch as a result, and be bundled on frame face at about rugosity 0.6cm.
Water and fertilizer management: when young sprout has 8 ~ 10 leaves, carry out low concentration and topdress, generally every about 15 days, water and execute 2% urea water once, to mid-August; Late September, to October, is ditching from trunk 40cm ~ 50cm place, dark 20cm ~ 30cm, every 666.7m
2executing become thoroughly decomposed poultry miscellany fertilizer 2000kg, superphosphate 20kg ~ 25kg is base manure in the coming year; Water in time during antecedent soil moisture, urge seedling with water, guarantee 1 year shaping.
The extermination of disease and insect pest: the agricultural chemicals of the controlling object that each period, the extermination of disease and insect pest should be noted that, the agents area of plant and sprinkling, in table 1:
Table 1 extermination of disease and insect pest means in each in period
(8) fruit ear management: determine fringe, fruit thinning, fixed fruit and bagging.
(9) maturation is gathered.
Grape rain shelter cultivation method of the present invention, the frame of erection is compared with traditional open country hedge formula, and within 2 years after field planting, focus on nourishing and growing of plant, strong sprout shapes, and can effectively alleviate phase workload of bearing fruit, and improves fruit quality; This method erection can be taken shelter from rain and the good frame of air permeability, the direct dew of precipitation to plant is avoided to drench, reduce soil moisture content simultaneously, the generation of the diseases such as effective minimizing anthrachose of grape, gray mold, anthracnose, downy mildew, make vitis vinifera at this area healthy growth, reach the target of good quality and high output simultaneously; This scaffolding structure is simple, durable, and wind resistance anti-adversity is excellent.
Comprise the above; be only the specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, is anyly familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; change can be expected easily or replace, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of described claim.
Claims (5)
1. grape rain shelter cultivation method, is characterized in that, carries out in accordance with the following steps:
(1) plant the selection of soil: select pH value 6 ~ 8, salt content below 0.15%, subterranean water level at below 0.8m, the soil that draining is good, soil layer is deep, the soil is porous;
(2) selection of grape variety: based on early-maturing variety, middle-late ripening variety is suitably arranged in pairs or groups as principle, and grafting selects moisture-proof salt-enduring cultivars to be stock;
(3) wholely: first 2 months of field planting, open field planting ditch, dark 60cm, wide 80-100cm, landfill crop straw, then with poultry miscellany fertilizer, the superphosphate of becoming thoroughly decomposed, mixing imposes on field planting ditch bottom, then fills out back table soil.Open furrow ditch, more whole by line-spacing, make furrow face form arch, furrow ditch communicates with one another, access drain ditch simultaneously;
(4) field planting: high-order field planting, digs shallow cave, surface planting on furrow, grafting grafting mouth 5cm ~ 10cm above ground level, cuttage seeding does not reveal topmost fibrous root, steady and sure also waters permeable, covering with plastic film moisturizing;
(5) shelving: adopt horizontal rack to connect a structure, vertical between canopy have support column and C shape connector, it is highly 1.8m ~ 2.0m that support column is unearthed, burying embedded depth under support column is 0.7 ~ 0.9m, the top of support column is provided with built-in fitting, and the two ends of C shape connector are separately fixed on the built-in fitting of adjacent supports column top, and then are confined by bed rearrangement booth, C shape connector is installed dome-shaped ceiling frame, and between two canopies, covering leaves 30cm ~ 50cm ventilating opening;
(6) plastic sheeting for farm use is covered: plastic sheeting for farm use adopts high light-transmissive film or without dripping long-lived film, covers the principle that Dong Luxia lid followed by plastic sheeting for farm use;
(7) management after planting: comprise branches and tendrils management, water and fertilizer management, the extermination of disease and insect pest.
(8) fruit ear management: determine fringe, fruit thinning, fixed fruit and bagging.
(9) maturation is gathered.
2. grape rain shelter cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the time of described field planting is annual mid or late Febuary.
3. grape rain shelter cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the span of described canopy is 5-7m, determines according to the plantation density of grape.
4. grape rain shelter cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described ceiling frame is wide is 1m, height is 3.0m ~ 3.2m, and the length of described ceiling frame is determined according to landform.
5. grape rain shelter cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described support column by cement production systD, described ceiling frame is made by by steel pipe and film-pressing tank, and described frame face is made up of steel wire.
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| CN201510024190.5A CN104705149A (en) | 2015-01-16 | 2015-01-16 | Cultivation method of Asian and European grape varieties in high precipitation area |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104996205A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-10-28 | 云南天质网络科技有限公司 | Prevention and control method for grape anthracnose |
| CN106797870A (en) * | 2017-02-17 | 2017-06-06 | 新疆生产建设兵团第六师农业科学研究所 | A kind of cultural method of heliogreenhouse grape |
| CN106937580A (en) * | 2016-01-04 | 2017-07-11 | 惠水县长兴茶果种植农民专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of nuisanceless seedless black grape |
| CN108929126A (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2018-12-04 | 余新华 | A kind of implantation methods of grape |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102150594A (en) * | 2011-03-07 | 2011-08-17 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Middle-early grape culturing method for ensuring extremely early maturity, high quality and disaster avoidance |
| CN102577904A (en) * | 2012-01-18 | 2012-07-18 | 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 | Method for planting Vitis vinifera graftings in clay land in Lixia River area |
| CN104160894A (en) * | 2014-08-21 | 2014-11-26 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Grape growth promotion and rain shielding cultivation facility |
-
2015
- 2015-01-16 CN CN201510024190.5A patent/CN104705149A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102150594A (en) * | 2011-03-07 | 2011-08-17 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Middle-early grape culturing method for ensuring extremely early maturity, high quality and disaster avoidance |
| CN102577904A (en) * | 2012-01-18 | 2012-07-18 | 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 | Method for planting Vitis vinifera graftings in clay land in Lixia River area |
| CN104160894A (en) * | 2014-08-21 | 2014-11-26 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Grape growth promotion and rain shielding cultivation facility |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104996205A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-10-28 | 云南天质网络科技有限公司 | Prevention and control method for grape anthracnose |
| CN106937580A (en) * | 2016-01-04 | 2017-07-11 | 惠水县长兴茶果种植农民专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of nuisanceless seedless black grape |
| CN106797870A (en) * | 2017-02-17 | 2017-06-06 | 新疆生产建设兵团第六师农业科学研究所 | A kind of cultural method of heliogreenhouse grape |
| CN108929126A (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2018-12-04 | 余新华 | A kind of implantation methods of grape |
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