CN104838944A - Four-film covered method for promoting early-maturing culture of grapes in helio-greenhouse - Google Patents

Four-film covered method for promoting early-maturing culture of grapes in helio-greenhouse Download PDF

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CN104838944A
CN104838944A CN201510215156.6A CN201510215156A CN104838944A CN 104838944 A CN104838944 A CN 104838944A CN 201510215156 A CN201510215156 A CN 201510215156A CN 104838944 A CN104838944 A CN 104838944A
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greenhouse
grape
temperature
covers
iron wire
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CN104838944B (en
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张以和
冯胜利
肖欢
王岩平
潘卫萍
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Agricultural [technology Center In Turfan In Xinjiang
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Agricultural [technology Center In Turfan In Xinjiang
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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of grape culture, in particular to a four-film covered method for promoting early-maturing culture of grapes in a helio-greenhouse. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: a first step: planting and well-frame type building; a second step, temperature management; a third step: training and pruning; a fourth step: management of flowers and fruits; a fifth step: root cutting and fertilizing. According to the method provided by the invention, compared with the grape culture of a conventional greenhouse, the grape cultivating temperature can be improved by 2-5 DEG C, the grapes can be matured for 20-25 days earlier, and the grapes can be matured for 20-25 days earlier than open field grape culture; furthermore, the mu income of the grapes cultivated by the invention is 25,000 to 30,000 yuan, 5,000-10,000 yuan can be earned more than the grape culture of the conventional greenhouse, and 15,000 to 20,000 yuan can be earned more than the open field grape culture; meanwhile, cement vertical posts cannot be needed, therefore 1700-2500 yuan can be reduced per mu; in addition, the method has the characteristics of stable grape yield and stable quality, an aim of high yield and high efficiency in successive years can be realized, and the rural income can be greatly improved.

Description

Greenhouse by solar heat grape four film covers Forcing cultivation method
Technical field
the present invention relates to viticulture technical field, is that a kind of greenhouse by solar heat grape four film covers Forcing cultivation method.
Background technology
along with modern agricultural technology development, the modern facilities of advanced technology become the major way of grape production, and it is late that China's facility grape cultivates starting, rises after the nineties, and development is rapid in recent years, mainly supply canopy, plastic tunnel and greenhouse culture based on little.But at present, China's most area facility cladding material is single, is incubated, heats poor effect, vintage and quality instability, fine quality production technology does not match year after year, constrains facility grape and develops in a healthy way.
Summary of the invention
the invention provides a kind of greenhouse by solar heat grape four film and cover Forcing cultivation method, overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned prior art, it effectively can solve existing vinery cultivation insulation and heat poor effect, vintage and quality unstable, constrains the problem that facility grape develops in a healthy way.
technical scheme of the present invention is realized by following measures: a kind of greenhouse by solar heat grape four film covers Forcing cultivation method, carry out in the steps below: the first step, field planting posture are built, in March first arrival mid-April, by in planting pit in greenhouse of the grape seedlings field planting of early-maturing variety that cultivates, seal planting pit, water once permeable after field planting, spacing in the rows is 0.5m to 0.8m, line-spacing is 1.5m to 1.8m, on rear wall of greenhouse, locate thing apart from ground 1.8m to 2m after field planting and draw fixing iron wire together, two ends and the centre of fixing iron wire are separately fixed on rear wall, above every row grape seedlings, north and south draws twice to connect iron wire, the spacing that twice connect iron wire is 0.5m to 0.6m, the North that twice connect iron wire is separately fixed on fixing iron wire, the south that twice connect iron wire is separately fixed on the steelframe in greenhouse,
second step, temperature treatment, temperature in daytime budding period greenhouse controls at 22 DEG C to 25 DEG C, temperature in night greenhouse controls at 15 DEG C to 20 DEG C, the temperature of bearing fruit in greenhouse on daytime phase of blooming controls at 25 DEG C to 30 DEG C, temperature in night greenhouse controls at 15 DEG C to 20 DEG C, fruit expanding period is to the maturing stage, temperature in daytime greenhouse controls at 28 DEG C to 33 DEG C, temperature in night greenhouse controls at 18 DEG C to 22 DEG C, when the temperature in greenhouse is more than or equal to 33 DEG C, to leak informaton cooling, open part canopy film daytime to ventilate, canopy film is taken off when outside air temperature is stabilized in more than 20 DEG C,
3rd step, pruning, field planting grape master is climing then when growing to 0.2m to 0.3m, corresponding connects on iron wire by main climing to be hung in rope, and field planting grape master is climing then when growing to 0.3m to 0.5m, cultivates two masters climing, draw tie up tie up climing, Y-shaped growth;
4th step, flower and fruit management, cuts off the first secondary fringe according to flower fringe shape, cuts off fringe point 1/4 to 1/5 flower fringe and fringe point bifurcated, sees and spend latter 15 days to carry out fruit thinning to 20 days, remove fringe point and fringe shoulder, dredge go little, sick, hinder and overstocked fruit grain;
5th step, fertilising of being completely cured, after renewal pruning in summer 1 day to 2 days, locates from grape 0.4m to 0.5m, digs the dressing furrow of the dark 0.5m of wide 0.4m, apply the farmyard manure become thoroughly decomposed in dressing furrow, water once permeable;
6th step, resting stage manages, dormancy from late October to mid-November, and the skin in greenhouse covers canopy film and covers cotton-wadded quilt, and warm indoor temperature controls at 0 DEG C to 7.2 DEG C;
7th step, breaking dormancy, is heating up mid-December at initial stage, is coated with bud picking point breaking dormancy with the cyanamide aqueous solution that mass percent is 0.5% to 0.3%;
8th step, four films cover, laying plastic in mid or late December greenhouse, build Small plastic shed to often row grape seedlings with the bamboo chip that 2m to 2.5m is long, outside whole grape seedlings, erection can cover in the intermediate coat of Small plastic shed, the height of intermediate coat is distance ground 1.8m to 2m, when day temperature in Small plastic shed is more than 30 DEG C, opens Small plastic shed and makes the temperature in Small plastic shed maintain 25 DEG C to 28 DEG C; When evening in intermediate coat, temperature stabilization was at 15 DEG C to 20 DEG C, throw off Small plastic shed; When day temperature in intermediate coat is more than 30 DEG C, open intermediate coat and make the temperature in intermediate coat maintain 25 DEG C to 28 DEG C; When evening in greenhouse, temperature stabilization was at 18 DEG C to 20 DEG C, throw off intermediate coat; When day temperature in greenhouse is more than 33 DEG C, start to leak informaton.
here is the further optimization and/or improvements to foregoing invention technical scheme:
above-mentioned early-maturing variety is that cold is low, low light tolerance, easily form that bud, flower bud areloe position are low, the early-maturing variety of disease resistance and strong stress resistance.
above-mentioned early-maturing variety is flame seedless or red flag special morning or rose fragrant.
the span in above-mentioned greenhouse is 8m, length is 70m to 120m, azimuth south by west 5 ° to 10 °, ridge height 4.2m to 4.4m, 29 ° to 31.5 °, front roof daylighting angle, 41 ° to 45 °, the rear roofing elevation angle, rear wall top width 1.8m to 2m, gable top width 1.4m to 1.6m.
above-mentioned farmyard manure is more than one in chicken manure and sheep excrement, and farmyard manure applies by every mu of 5 side to 8 sides.
be not later than June 25 after within above-mentioned 2 years, the above grape of life is gathered and carry out renewal pruning in summer, prune stump at main climing 0.3m to 0.6m place, cultivate two newly slightly to ripe; Early or mid November carries out the winter and cuts, and clip rugosity is 8 millimeters to 10 millimeters, the winter cut after vine shoot placed ground in the same direction and tie up.
above-mentionedly to cut, before rudiment and carry out the extermination of disease and insect pest vegetative period in the winter, spray 3 Baume degrees to 5 Baume degrees lime sulfurs, with rich 600 times of 78% section, 50% carbendazim 500 doubly to 700 times, 80% mancozeb 800 doubly to 1000 times, 72% white epidemic disease clean 700 times alternately with the use of preventing and treating downy mildew, gray mold; Doubly be used alternatingly prevent and treat powdery mildew with 70% thiophanate methyl 1000 times, 15% triadimefon 1500 times, 50% Sukeling 1000; With safe 7500 times to the 10000 times control trialeurodes vaporariorums of 2.5% Acker.
above-mentioned fixing iron wire is No. 8 iron wires; Connecting iron wire is No. 12 iron wires.
above-mentioned canopy film is EVA canopy film.
the present invention comparatively normal greenhouse viticulture temperature improves 2 DEG C to 5 DEG C, comparatively normal greenhouse viticulture early ripe 20 days to 25 days, comparatively open country viticulture early ripe 50 days to 60 days, the grape mu that the present invention plants takes in 2.5 ten thousand yuan to 30,000 yuan, the comparatively many incomes of normal greenhouse viticulture 0.5 ten thousand yuan to 10,000 yuan, the comparatively many incomes of open country viticulture 1.5 ten thousand yuan to 20,000 yuan; The present invention does not simultaneously need cement post, and every mu is reduced input 1700 yuan to 2500 yuan, has the feature of vintage and stay in grade, achieve year after year the object of Highly effective, substantially increase farmers' income.
Embodiment
the present invention by the restriction of following embodiment, can not determine concrete embodiment according to technical scheme of the present invention and actual conditions.
embodiment 1, this greenhouse by solar heat grape four film covers Forcing cultivation method, carry out in the steps below: the first step, field planting posture are built, in March first arrival mid-April, by in planting pit in greenhouse of the grape seedlings field planting of early-maturing variety that cultivates, seal planting pit, water once permeable after field planting, spacing in the rows is 0.5m to 0.8m, line-spacing is 1.5m to 1.8m, on rear wall of greenhouse, locate thing apart from ground 1.8m to 2m after field planting and draw fixing iron wire together, two ends and the centre of fixing iron wire are separately fixed on rear wall, above every row grape seedlings, north and south draws twice to connect iron wire, the spacing that twice connect iron wire is 0.5m to 0.6m, the North that twice connect iron wire is separately fixed on fixing iron wire, the south that twice connect iron wire is separately fixed on the steelframe in greenhouse,
second step, temperature treatment, temperature in daytime budding period greenhouse controls at 22 DEG C to 25 DEG C, temperature in night greenhouse controls at 15 DEG C to 20 DEG C, the temperature of bearing fruit in greenhouse on daytime phase of blooming controls at 25 DEG C to 30 DEG C, temperature in night greenhouse controls at 15 DEG C to 20 DEG C, fruit expanding period is to the maturing stage, temperature in daytime greenhouse controls at 28 DEG C to 33 DEG C, temperature in night greenhouse controls at 18 DEG C to 22 DEG C, when the temperature in greenhouse is more than or equal to 33 DEG C, to leak informaton cooling, open part canopy film daytime to ventilate, canopy film is taken off when outside air temperature is stabilized in more than 20 DEG C,
3rd step, pruning, field planting grape master is climing then when growing to 0.2m to 0.3m, corresponding connects on iron wire by main climing to be hung in rope, and field planting grape master is climing then when growing to 0.3m to 0.5m, cultivates two masters climing, draw tie up tie up climing, Y-shaped growth;
4th step, flower and fruit management, cuts off the first secondary fringe according to flower fringe shape, cuts off fringe point 1/4 to 1/5 flower fringe and fringe point bifurcated, sees and spend latter 15 days to carry out fruit thinning to 20 days, remove fringe point and fringe shoulder, dredge go little, sick, hinder and overstocked fruit grain;
5th step, fertilising of being completely cured, after renewal pruning in summer 1 day to 2 days, locates from grape 0.4m to 0.5m, digs the dressing furrow of the dark 0.5m of wide 0.4m, apply the farmyard manure become thoroughly decomposed in dressing furrow, water once permeable;
6th step, resting stage manages, dormancy from late October to mid-November, and the skin in greenhouse covers canopy film and covers cotton-wadded quilt, and warm indoor temperature controls at 0 DEG C to 7.2 DEG C;
7th step, breaking dormancy, is heating up mid-December at initial stage, is coated with bud picking point breaking dormancy with the cyanamide aqueous solution that mass percent is 0.5% to 0.3%;
8th step, four films cover, laying plastic in mid or late December greenhouse, build Small plastic shed to often row grape seedlings with the bamboo chip that 2m to 2.5m is long, outside whole grape seedlings, erection can cover in the intermediate coat of Small plastic shed, the height of intermediate coat is distance ground 1.8m to 2m, and seam clip clips, and surrounding is real by soil pressure; When day temperature in Small plastic shed is more than 30 DEG C, open Small plastic shed and make the temperature in Small plastic shed maintain 25 DEG C to 28 DEG C; When evening in intermediate coat, temperature stabilization was at 15 DEG C to 20 DEG C, throw off Small plastic shed; When day temperature in intermediate coat is more than 30 DEG C, open intermediate coat and make the temperature in intermediate coat maintain 25 DEG C to 28 DEG C; When evening in greenhouse, temperature stabilization was at 18 DEG C to 20 DEG C, throw off intermediate coat; When day temperature in greenhouse is more than 33 DEG C, start to leak informaton.Like this, intermediate coat is set up by fixing iron wire or support; The present invention is by mulch film, Small plastic shed, intermediate coat and canopy film, employing greenhouse by solar heat grape four film covering Forcing cultivation method comparatively normal greenhouse viticulture temperature improves 2 DEG C to 5 DEG C, be beneficial to grape premature eruption, early bear fruit, morning is ripe, early go public, there is the feature of vintage and stay in grade, achieve year after year the object of Highly effective, substantially increase farmers' income, be conducive to applying.
embodiment 2, as the optimization of above-described embodiment, early-maturing variety is that cold is low, low light tolerance, easily form that bud, flower bud areloe position are low, the early-maturing variety of disease resistance and strong stress resistance.
embodiment 3, as the optimization of above-described embodiment, early-maturing variety is flame seedless or red flag special morning or rose fragrant.
embodiment 4, as the optimization of above-described embodiment, the span in greenhouse is 8m, length is 70m to 120m, azimuth south by west 5 ° to 10 °, ridge height 4.2m to 4.4m, 29 ° to 31.5 °, front roof daylighting angle, 41 ° to 45 °, the rear roofing elevation angle, rear wall top width 1.8m to 2m, gable top width 1.4m to 1.6m.
embodiment 5, as the optimization of above-described embodiment, farmyard manure is more than one in chicken manure and sheep excrement, and farmyard manure applies by every mu of 5 side to 8 sides.
embodiment 6, as the optimization of above-described embodiment, is not later than June 25 after within 2 years, the above grape of life is gathered and carries out renewal pruning in summer, prunes stump at main climing 0.3m to 0.6m place, cultivates two newly slightly to ripe; Early or mid November carries out the winter and cuts, and clip rugosity is 8 millimeters to 10 millimeters, the winter cut after vine shoot placed ground in the same direction and tie up.
embodiment 7, as the optimization of above-described embodiment, cut, before rudiment and carry out the extermination of disease and insect pest vegetative period in the winter, spray 3 Baume degrees to 5 Baume degrees lime sulfurs, with rich 600 times of 78% section, 50% carbendazim 500 doubly to 700 times, 80% mancozeb 800 doubly to 1000 times, 72% white epidemic disease clean 700 times alternately with the use of preventing and treating downy mildew, gray mold; Doubly be used alternatingly prevent and treat powdery mildew with 70% thiophanate methyl 1000 times, 15% triadimefon 1500 times, 50% Sukeling 1000; With safe 7500 times to the 10000 times control trialeurodes vaporariorums of 2.5% Acker.Multiple in the present embodiment is the volume multiple be watered.
embodiment 8, as the optimization of above-described embodiment, fixing iron wire is No. 8 iron wires; Connecting iron wire is No. 12 iron wires.
embodiment 9, as the optimization of above-described embodiment, canopy film is EVA canopy film.
the present invention adopt greenhouse by solar heat grape four film cover Forcing cultivation method comparatively normal greenhouse viticulture temperature improve 2 DEG C to 5 DEG C, be beneficial to grape premature eruption, early bear fruit, early ripe, early go public; The grape planted by greenhouse by solar heat grape four film covering Forcing cultivation method of the present invention is in mid or late May maturation listing, more Zao than normal greenhouse viticulture ripe 20 days to 25 days, more Zao than open country viticulture ripe 50 days to 60 days, the grape mu that greenhouse by solar heat grape four film covering Forcing cultivation method of the present invention plants takes in 2.5 ten thousand yuan to 30,000 yuan, income 0.5 ten thousand yuan to 1 ten thousand yuan more than normal greenhouse viticulture, income 1.5 ten thousand yuan to 2 ten thousand yuan more than open country viticulture; Greenhouse by solar heat grape four film of the present invention covers Forcing cultivation method does not simultaneously need cement post, every mu is reduced input 1700 yuan to 2500 yuan, has the feature of vintage and stay in grade, achieve year after year the object of Highly effective, substantially increase farmers' income, be conducive to applying.
in sum, the present invention comparatively normal greenhouse viticulture temperature improves 2 DEG C to 5 DEG C, comparatively normal greenhouse viticulture early ripe 20 days to 25 days, comparatively open country viticulture early ripe 50 days to 60 days, the grape mu that the present invention plants takes in 2.5 ten thousand yuan to 30,000 yuan, the comparatively many incomes of normal greenhouse viticulture 0.5 ten thousand yuan to 10,000 yuan, the comparatively many incomes of open country viticulture 1.5 ten thousand yuan to 20,000 yuan; The present invention does not simultaneously need cement post, and every mu is reduced input 1700 yuan to 2500 yuan, has the feature of vintage and stay in grade, achieve year after year the object of Highly effective, substantially increase farmers' income.
above technical characteristic constitutes embodiments of the invention, and it has stronger adaptability and implementation result, can increase and decrease non-essential technical characteristic according to actual needs, meet the demand of different situations.

Claims (9)

1. greenhouse by solar heat grape four film covers Forcing cultivation method, it is characterized in that carrying out in the steps below: the first step, field planting posture are built, in March first arrival mid-April, by in planting pit in greenhouse of the grape seedlings field planting of early-maturing variety that cultivates, seal planting pit, water once permeable after field planting, spacing in the rows is 0.5m to 0.8m, line-spacing is 1.5m to 1.8m, on rear wall of greenhouse, locate thing apart from ground 1.8m to 2m after field planting and draw fixing iron wire together, two ends and the centre of fixing iron wire are separately fixed on rear wall, above every row grape seedlings, north and south draws twice to connect iron wire, the spacing that twice connect iron wire is 0.5m to 0.6m, the North that twice connect iron wire is separately fixed on fixing iron wire, the south that twice connect iron wire is separately fixed on the steelframe in greenhouse,
Second step, temperature treatment, temperature in daytime budding period greenhouse controls at 22 DEG C to 25 DEG C, temperature in night greenhouse controls at 15 DEG C to 20 DEG C, the temperature of bearing fruit in greenhouse on daytime phase of blooming controls at 25 DEG C to 30 DEG C, temperature in night greenhouse controls at 15 DEG C to 20 DEG C, fruit expanding period is to the maturing stage, temperature in daytime greenhouse controls at 28 DEG C to 33 DEG C, temperature in night greenhouse controls at 18 DEG C to 22 DEG C, when the temperature in greenhouse is more than or equal to 33 DEG C, to leak informaton cooling, open part canopy film daytime to ventilate, canopy film is taken off when outside air temperature is stabilized in more than 20 DEG C,
3rd step, pruning, field planting grape master is climing then when growing to 0.2m to 0.3m, corresponding connects on iron wire by main climing to be hung in rope, and field planting grape master is climing then when growing to 0.3m to 0.5m, cultivates two masters climing, draw tie up tie up climing, Y-shaped growth;
4th step, flower and fruit management, cuts off the first secondary fringe according to flower fringe shape, cuts off fringe point 1/4 to 1/5 flower fringe and fringe point bifurcated, sees and spend latter 15 days to carry out fruit thinning to 20 days, remove fringe point and fringe shoulder, dredge go little, sick, hinder and overstocked fruit grain;
5th step, fertilising of being completely cured, after renewal pruning in summer 1 day to 2 days, locates from grape 0.4m to 0.5m, digs the dressing furrow of the dark 0.5m of wide 0.4m, apply the farmyard manure become thoroughly decomposed in dressing furrow, water once permeable;
6th step, resting stage manages, dormancy from late October to mid-November, and the skin in greenhouse covers canopy film and covers cotton-wadded quilt, and warm indoor temperature controls at 0 DEG C to 7.2 DEG C;
7th step, breaking dormancy, is heating up mid-December at initial stage, is coated with bud picking point breaking dormancy with the cyanamide aqueous solution that mass percent is 0.5% to 0.3%;
8th step, four films cover, laying plastic in mid or late December greenhouse, build Small plastic shed to often row grape seedlings with the bamboo chip that 2m to 2.5m is long, outside whole grape seedlings, erection can cover in the intermediate coat of Small plastic shed, the height of intermediate coat is distance ground 1.8m to 2m, when day temperature in Small plastic shed is more than 30 DEG C, opens Small plastic shed and makes the temperature in Small plastic shed maintain 25 DEG C to 28 DEG C; When evening in intermediate coat, temperature stabilization was at 15 DEG C to 20 DEG C, throw off Small plastic shed; When day temperature in intermediate coat is more than 30 DEG C, open intermediate coat and make the temperature in intermediate coat maintain 25 DEG C to 28 DEG C; When evening in greenhouse, temperature stabilization was at 18 DEG C to 20 DEG C, throw off intermediate coat; When day temperature in greenhouse is more than 33 DEG C, start to leak informaton.
2. greenhouse by solar heat grape four film according to claim 1 covers Forcing cultivation method, it is characterized in that early-maturing variety is that cold is low, low light tolerance, easily form that bud, flower bud areloe position are low, the early-maturing variety of disease resistance and strong stress resistance.
3. greenhouse by solar heat grape four film according to claim 1 and 2 covers Forcing cultivation method, it is characterized in that early-maturing variety is flame seedless or red flag special morning or rose fragrant.
4. greenhouse by solar heat grape four film according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 covers Forcing cultivation method, it is characterized in that the span in greenhouse is 8m, length is 70m to 120m, azimuth south by west 5 ° to 10 °, ridge height 4.2m to 4.4m, 29 ° to 31.5 °, front roof daylighting angle, 41 ° to 45 °, the rear roofing elevation angle, rear wall top width 1.8m to 2m, gable top width 1.4m to 1.6m.
5. greenhouse by solar heat grape four film according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 covers Forcing cultivation method, and it is characterized in that farmyard manure is more than one in chicken manure and sheep excrement, farmyard manure applies by every mu of 5 side to 8 sides.
6. greenhouse by solar heat grape four film according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 covers Forcing cultivation method, it is characterized in that being not later than June 25 after 2 years above grapes of life are gathered carries out renewal pruning in summer, prune stump at main climing 0.3m to 0.6m place, cultivate two newly slightly to ripe; Early or mid November carries out the winter and cuts, and clip rugosity is 8 millimeters to 10 millimeters, the winter cut after vine shoot placed ground in the same direction and tie up.
7. greenhouse by solar heat grape four film according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 covers Forcing cultivation method, it is characterized in that the winter cuts, rudiment front and carry out the extermination of disease and insect pest vegetative period, spray 3 Baume degrees to 5 Baume degrees lime sulfurs, with rich 600 times of 78% section, 50% carbendazim 500 doubly to 700 times, 80% mancozeb 800 doubly to 1000 times, 72% white epidemic disease clean 700 times alternately with the use of preventing and treating downy mildew, gray mold; Doubly be used alternatingly prevent and treat powdery mildew with 70% thiophanate methyl 1000 times, 15% triadimefon 1500 times, 50% Sukeling 1000; With safe 7500 times to the 10000 times control trialeurodes vaporariorums of 2.5% Acker.
8. greenhouse by solar heat grape four film according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 covers Forcing cultivation method, it is characterized in that fixing iron wire is No. 8 iron wires; Connecting iron wire is No. 12 iron wires.
9. greenhouse by solar heat grape four film according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 covers Forcing cultivation method, it is characterized in that canopy film is EVA canopy film.
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CN106718619A (en) * 2015-11-20 2017-05-31 许尚斌 A kind of grape method based on heliogreenhouse facility
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CN107494172A (en) * 2017-08-08 2017-12-22 元谋县果然好农业科技有限公司 A kind of dry-hot valley grape Forcing cultivation method
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CN108207510A (en) * 2017-12-29 2018-06-29 金华市时酷农业科技有限公司 A kind of cultural method of aspermous watermelon
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