CN102265751A - Quick three-step culturing method for grape seedlings in north area - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a quick three-step culturing method for grape seedlings in north area, which compresses the following steps: culturing seedlings; cutting; and filling nutrition bags in advance in a sunlight greenhouse, managing in the sunlight greenhouse after cutting, and planting in an open land and building a garden after managing for about 60 days, wherein the opening diameters of the nutrition bags are 7-8 centimeters and the height is 15 centimeters. According to the technical scheme in the invention, the sunlight greenhouse is utilized to bring seedling grafting forward to March and bring growing period of seedlings forward for 60-90 days, thereby prolonging the growing periods of Vitis Vinifera, late maturing grape in Vitis Vinifera and even the grapes with branches being green in maturing period, such as Perlettle, from original 130 days to 190-220 days, totally achieving excellent lignifying degree and being capable of safely living through the winter.

Description

Northern area grape nursery stock three is with the quickly breeding method

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of northern area grape nursery stock three with the quickly breeding method, belong to agricultural technology field.

Background technology

The northern area of China weather cold, frost-free season is short, thereby has limited the good development of viticulture industry largely.With the Datong is example, is subjected to climatic effect particularly outstanding.Area viticulture ability on annual April 20 in Datong District's is unearthed; ability rudiment after May 1; as the serious time of cold in the late spring; rudiment is more late; simultaneously because temperature is low; it is very slow to grow; therefore, but when stock reaches the height of grafting and half wooden degree, enter mid-June; and annual eve October 1 of local climate; the frost leaf is withered in most of zone, but grafting time is very of short duration, and the nursery stock of grafting removes Franco-american such as huge peak after June 20; rattan is harvested and waits outside the high kind of some degrees of lignification; Eurasian plant behind the especially late-maturing grafting survivals such as the red earth of kind because of vegetative period short degree of lignification low, the cold mortality that causes surviving the winter is higher.

The field production grape must use the nursery stock behind cold-resistant stock grafting, otherwise can't survive the winter.Disturbed by climatic factor and cultivate the grafting nursery stock, can only be at 1 year cold-resistant rootstock seedling of field planting, grafting in 1 year, but because vegetative period is of short duration, nursery stock degree of lignification after the grafting is lower, thereby survival rate is not high yet, and (so-called " survival rate is not high yet " refers to the survival rate of the plant of the back survival of surviving the winter.) like this, viticulture drops into bigger, takes effect too late.

Summary of the invention

Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of northern area grape nursery stock three with the quickly breeding method at the deficiencies in the prior art.

A kind of northern area grape nursery stock three is with the quickly breeding method, it is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps: the grafting step: annual March 1, stock branch after will storing up winter and kind branch, soaked respectively 20-30 hour with clear water, stock branch lower end is tiltedly cut in following bud opposite 1 centimeters, stock branch upper end 3-5 centimeters above terminal bud is cut and is cut, 30 centimetres of length, rugosity is advisable with 0.6 to 0.8 centimetre; The kind branch should select eye full, stays 1 centimetre above bud, and the below stays 3～5 centimetres to cut and cut; Stock branch and kind branch all require short, green, fresh and alive, the nutritional sufficiency of branch; And carry out stiff wood grafting, grafting limit, limit with film with interface Bao Yan;

The step of growing seedlings: with the branch section after the grafting according to rugosity, per about 20, make the branch lower end neatly be bundled into handle, embark on journey successively and put in the groove of growing seedlings, row with capable between reserve 3-4 centimetre space; Branch is put the back and is filled with perlite, and height is advisable for 1-2 centimetre to bury the grafting mouth, and the terminal bud of kind branch is exposed; Water spray makes the perlite of growing seedlings in the groove fully be subjected to water and combines with branch is tight; With insulating box near greenhouse by solar heat after wall, connect temperature controller, water dish is added clear water 7-8 becomes, the groove of then all being grown seedlings is successively placed in the insulating box on the carriage, hangs respectively up and down in the insulating box or places psychrometer, covered and enclosed send electricity heating; Water dish keeps having all the time water, attaches when not enough, observes the groove soil humidity of growing seedlings simultaneously, makes the water content abundance, and temperature is controlled between 25 ℃-28 ℃; Night, greenhouse by solar heat should be added a cover cotton-wadded quilt or careless felt, and thermal insulative board should be filled up in the insulating box bottom, used the cotton-wadded quilt covering night with the top all around, and about 15 days, the branch base portion bears callus or young root, the healing of grafting mouth, and terminal bud is sprouted simultaneously;

The cuttage step: in greenhouse by solar heat, install nutritious bag in advance, 7-8 centimetre of nutritious bag bore, 15 centimetres of height are managed in the greenhouse after the cuttage, can build the garden by the field planting open country about 60 days.

This method is urged root, vernalization simultaneously simultaneously, is made the grafting wound healing simultaneously in same environment, thereby is called " three with the quickly breeding method ".

Technical scheme of the present invention is to utilize greenhouse by solar heat that seedling grafting is advanceed to March, make the nursery stock after connecing shift to an earlier date 60～90 days vegetative period, no matter thereby be Eurasian plant or Eurasian the kind in late variety, even the bohr in the Eurasian kind of picture comes the very easily remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe kind of some branches of top grade, extended to 190～220 day by original about 130 days vegetative period, can reach good degree of lignification fully, thereby can safe surviving the winter.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.

On annual March 1, stock branch and kind branch after will storing up winter soaked respectively 20-30 hour with clear water, stock branch section bottom is tiltedly cut in following bud opposite 1 centimeters, the 3-5 centimeters is cut and is cut above terminal bud above, 30 centimetres of length, and rugosity is advisable with 0.6 to 0.8 centimetre.The kind branch should select eye full, stays 1 centimetre above bud, and the below stays 3～5 centimetres to cut and cut.Stock branch and kind branch all require short green fresh and alive, the nutritional sufficiency of branch; And carry out stiff wood grafting, grafting limit, limit with film with interface Bao Yan.

With the branch section after the grafting according to rugosity, per about 20, make the branch lower end neatly be bundled into handle, embark on journey successively and put in the groove of growing seedlings, row with capable between reserve 3-4 centimetre space.Branch is put the back and is filled with perlite, and height is advisable for 1-2 centimetre to bury the grafting mouth, and the terminal bud of kind branch is exposed.Water spray with atomizer pump or trickle kettle, makes the perlite of growing seedlings in the groove fully be subjected to water and combines with branch is tight.

With insulating box near greenhouse by solar heat after wall, connect temperature controller, water dish is added clear water 7-8 becomes, the groove of then all being grown seedlings is successively placed on the carriage, hangs respectively up and down in the case or places psychrometer, covered and enclosed send electricity heating.Answer running check water dish water level, keep having all the time water, attach when not enough, observation is grown seedlings simultaneously, and (common matrix gets final product groove matrix, some moisture capacitys such as for example perlite, vermiculite, a tree name wash one's hair, wood chip, the material that permeability is good all can be used as matrix) humidity, make the water content abundance, temperature is controlled between 25 ℃-28 ℃.Night, cotton-wadded quilt or careless felt should be added a cover in the greenhouse, and thermal insulative board should be filled up in the insulating box bottom, used the cotton-wadded quilt covering night with the top all around, and about 15 days, the branch base portion bears callus or young root, the healing of grafting mouth, and terminal bud is sprouted simultaneously.

Cuttage: in greenhouse by solar heat, (nutritious bag is made with two-sided 6～8 low pressure plastic films to install nutritious bag in advance, the tubbiness shape that the bore rugosity is 7～8 centimetres, cut a section back during use on request and seal an end with sealing machine or stapler, nutrition soil is not leaked, and the bottom punching of bag has reached ventilative and seepage of water, has another name called a barrel film, the prescription of nutrition soil does not have strict requirement, various places materials difference.For example how with for many years leaf mould and the collocation of field topsoil in the veteran woods, be advisable with 1 to 1 volume ratio in area, Datong District.Should not join and various muck, in order to avoid mismate generation fertilizer damage), 7-8 centimetre of nutritious bag bore, 15 centimetres of height are managed in the greenhouse after the cuttage, can build the garden by the field planting open country about 60 days.It is bad or the base portion callus is incomplete interface healing to occur as indivedual sections, then should continue to heat.

The material installation explanation:

Insulating box, 1.2 meters of length, wide 0.5 meter, height 0.9-1 rice can be made with little angle bar welding, following be 35 centimetres away from bottom positions, welding little band steel in about 20 centimetres at every interval is as the water dish carriage, 10 centimeters on it, with slightly bigger band steel, 10 centimetres one at interval, be welded into the groove carriage of growing seedlings, load onto glass plate all around, the bottom boarding, top cover can require airtight performance good with thick plywood or plank.

In the bottom of insulating box, lay 1 meter of length making with batten, wide 0.4 meter, the high 0.3 meter air coil holder of heating, the line pad of heating is risen, reserve 1-2 centimetre space with the bottom, placed in the middle all around.Coil holder top 2-3 centimeters is put water dish, and water pond is made with sheet iron, and the height that is filled with water is advisable for 0.5 centimetre, and is good for handled easily and ventilation, can separately make two to three, with stay between putting hub disk and coiling 1 centimetre, all around 2-3 centimetre be advisable.

The groove of growing seedlings: available three rubber alloy plates nail system, notch is 20 * 40 centimetres, and is high 35 centimetres.Put five grooves of growing seedlings in each insulating box.

Heat line, 2000w, 220v temperature controller of 1000w, 70m high temperature air all is to buy from national vegetables Engineering Technical Research Centre " Beijing sharp agricultural science and technology development company ".

Should be understood that, for those of ordinary skills, can be improved according to the above description or conversion, and all these improvement and conversion all should belong to the protection domain of claims of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. a northern area grape nursery stock three is with the quickly breeding method, it is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps: the grafting step: annual March 1, stock branch after will storing up winter and kind branch, soaked respectively 20-30 hour with clear water, stock branch lower end is tiltedly cut in following bud opposite 1 centimeters, stock branch upper end 3-5 centimeters above terminal bud is cut and is cut, 30 centimetres of length, rugosity is advisable with 0.6 to 0.8 centimetre; The kind branch should select eye full, stays 1 centimetre above bud, and the below stays 3～5 centimetres to cut and cut; Stock branch and kind branch all require short, green, fresh and alive, the nutritional sufficiency of branch; And carry out stiff wood grafting, grafting limit, limit with film with interface Bao Yan;

The step of growing seedlings: with the branch section after the grafting according to rugosity, per about 20, make the branch lower end neatly be bundled into handle, embark on journey successively and put in the groove of growing seedlings, row with capable between reserve 3-4 centimetre space; Branch is put the back and is filled with perlite, and height is advisable for 1-2 centimetre to bury the grafting mouth, and the terminal bud of kind branch is exposed; Water spray makes the perlite of growing seedlings in the groove fully be subjected to water and combines with branch is tight; With insulating box near greenhouse by solar heat after wall, connect temperature controller, water dish is added clear water 7-8 becomes, the groove of then all being grown seedlings is successively placed in the insulating box on the carriage, hangs respectively up and down in the insulating box or places psychrometer, covered and enclosed send electricity heating; Water dish keeps having all the time water, attaches when not enough, observes the groove soil humidity of growing seedlings simultaneously, makes the water content abundance, and temperature is controlled between 25 ℃-28 ℃; Night, greenhouse by solar heat should be added a cover cotton-wadded quilt or careless felt, and thermal insulative board should be filled up in the insulating box bottom, used the cotton-wadded quilt covering night with the top all around, and about 15 days, the branch base portion bears callus or young root, the healing of grafting mouth, and terminal bud is sprouted simultaneously;

The cuttage step: in greenhouse by solar heat, install nutritious bag in advance, 7-8 centimetre of nutritious bag bore, 15 centimetres of height are managed in the greenhouse after the cuttage, can build the garden by the field planting open country about 60 days.