CN101766110A - Method utilizing high-pressure rooting process to transplant big tree - Google Patents
Method utilizing high-pressure rooting process to transplant big tree Download PDFInfo
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- CN101766110A CN101766110A CN200910095163A CN200910095163A CN101766110A CN 101766110 A CN101766110 A CN 101766110A CN 200910095163 A CN200910095163 A CN 200910095163A CN 200910095163 A CN200910095163 A CN 200910095163A CN 101766110 A CN101766110 A CN 101766110A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method utilizing a high-pressure rooting process to transplant a big tree. The method includes the following steps: (1) the big tree is selected as a transplanting object, a tree bark is girdled at a tree trunk, the tree bark at a cutting opening is peeled, liquid disinfectant or a rooting agent is coated at the position of a girdling opening, the girdling position is covered by a filler, the outer part is wrapped and fastened to form a root cultivating bag, and the transplanting is carried out after roots grow in the root cultivating bag; (2) the transplanting is carried out in spring and autumn, the successfully-rooted tree is selected, the tree trunk is cut, tree branches are reduced and cut sections are encapsulated, the lower part of the root cultivating bag is sawn off and the cut sections are also encapsulated, the tree is planted in a pit and is firmly supported, the tree trunk is wrapped with straw and is fixed, the lower part of the tree trunk and the root part are coated with mulching films, and then the transplanted tree is fixed; (3) soil and the straw are watered, water is sprayed to a tree crown in summer, bud picking is timely carried out, the straw is retained from this winter to next spring, and the straw wrapping is carried out again next winter. The method in the invention can lead the big tree to rapidly grow into a grand tree and a regenerated tree. With the characteristics of scientific method, easy operation, high survival rate and low cost, the method in the invention not only meets the requirement of urban landscaping, but also reduces the problems of ecological and environmental destruction brought to tree source zones.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of method of big tree transplanting, be specially a kind of method with utilizing high-pressure rooting process to transplant big tree.
Background technology
Large-scale urban afforestation makes the greening sapling be difficult to satisfy the demand.Sapling grows up to the very long process of big tree needs, and the age of tree more than 10 years, the big tree of trunk diameter more than 15cm just really have the landscape effect of beautifying the environment and effectively purify air.Big tree in rural area, countryside, the forest is connected ball have been dug, be transplanted to the city, it is the method for a kind of can formation in a short time " towering, green strongly fragrant the growing into forest of big tree " landscape effect, but because root system is injured, the dehydration of tree body, seedling-slowing stage is long, and it is generally lower to manage and protect the big tree survival rate that this method of reason such as difficulty transplants, raised growth decades even go up century-old big tree and in the process of transplanting, die., lifting trouble huge, need reason such as long-distance transportation owing to the native ball of big tree, cause the transplanting cost bigger, produce simultaneously because the taking-up of large-scale native ball has destroyed the face of land of setting the seedbed, reduced the greening in tree seedbed, caused water and soil loss easily, destroyed ecological environment problem such as tree seedbed environment.Traditional " high pressure " is meant that it is one of common important method of seedling propagation, is suitable for the trees that grow thickly in trees side shoot ceiling molding breeding, breeding nursery stock less.
The tree crown of trees such as banyan class, Lauraceae, maple class, tea tree section, Piao Shu, Chinese honey locust, sweetgum, Dendronenthamia japonica var.chinensis, sweet osmanthus, glossy privet, erythrina indica is big, tree-like soft naturally, the four seasons are dark green, characteristics such as survival period is long, possess and have that very strong smoking lays the dust, water conservation, solid native sand prevention and the ability of beautifying the environment, also have anti-tide wind and anti-flue dust and anti-toxic gas ability simultaneously, and can absorb multiple toxic gas, urban environment be can adapt to, shade tree, street tree, shelter forest and amenity forest are widely used as.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the problem that exists in the existing transplanting big tree, propose a kind of technical scheme of using the method for utilizing high-pressure rooting process to transplant big tree.This technical scheme can make big tree successfully transplant, and original big tree root stem is stayed the original place, grows into the regeneration tree.
Technical scheme of the present invention is that a kind of concrete grammar of method of usefulness utilizing high-pressure rooting process to transplant big tree is as follows:
(1) utilizing high-pressure rooting
A selects robust growth and the moderate big trees of branch density to be the transplanting object,
The b operations involving high pressure time: February-November,
C, two encloses the horizontal girdling of bark up and down apart from 20-50cm centimetre place, ground at big tree trunk, and the degree of depth is to xylem, and the spacing 3-20cm of two circles peel off the bark between two circle girdling mouths, scrape off phloem with cutter,
D is coated with thimerosal at girdling mouth place and root-growing agent is at least a,
E covers girdling place fully with dry filler, thickness 3-8cm, wrap up with plastic film the outside, with rope distance girdling place at least 10cm tighten up and down at the place, the root bag is educated in formation, educating the root bag must not have moisture to enter,
F is to be educated, and Gen Baonei covers with root, with regard to portable;
(2) transplant
A transplants the activity duration: spring, autumn,
B selects the trees of utilizing high-pressure rooting success, cuts the drying shrinkage branch earlier, immediately section is sealed with wax after having cut, or with film section is wrapped up tight,
The 20-50cm place is sawed-off at least below educating the root bag for c,
The d section is sealed with wax, or with film section is wrapped up tight,
Be transported to plantation ground in e2-10 days, must not injure the tree bar during transportation and educate the root bag,
F makes preparations for sowing and plants place's degree of depth above educating root packet length 20-50cm;
G opens and educates the root bag, does not injure new root, and tree is planted, and builds soil, compacting, and the trunk firm supporting,
H insulation is wrapped up in grass to trunk, and water will be wrapped up in grass and squirt, and is wrapped in plastic film then and wraps up in the outer and fixing of grass, and the trunk bottom is near root place cover film, the base portion earthing water permeable after, in 1.5 times of scopes of root diameter (RD), cover mulch film, the mulch film periphery is fixing,
Drive piles to transplanting, stay cord is fixed by trees for i;
(3) maintenance
During antecedent soil moisture under plastic film covers around a tree root, in time replenish and water; Will in time replenish when wrapping up in the grass drying on the trunk and water, keep wrapping up in grass and be in moisture state all the time, summer, big tree grew branches and leaves, and spray water to tree crown every day,
B needs too dense twig is erased when a large amount of sprouting of big tree beginning stripping,
C transplants to keep winter then wraps up in grass, to spring next year, wraps up in careless winter protection winter next year more again, so that it adapts to the temperature condition of transplanting ground gradually.
Described big tree is the broad-leaved tree of tree shank diameter more than or equal to 10cm.Described broad-leaved tree is banyan class, Lauraceae, maple class, tea tree section, Piao Shu, Chinese honey locust, sweetgum, Dendronenthamia japonica var.chinensis, sweet osmanthus, glossy privet, erythrina indica, Chinese photinia.
Dry filler described in step (1) utilizing high-pressure rooting is the moisture broken bagasse that is lower than 5-20%, hay, plant straw, do in cow dung, nutrition soil and the moss at least a kind, filler is a graininess, hay, plant straw prescind, and the filler high-temperature disinfection treatment is killed viral worm's ovum.
Thimerosal described in step (1) utilizing high-pressure rooting and root-growing agent are the commercially available prod.
The grass of wrapping up in described in step (2) is transplanted is, with straw screen or mat or directly trunk is wrapped, be fixed on the trunk with thin straw rope then with straw, or with trunk with the encircling all linked with one another of thick straw rope.
Be transported to plantation ground in described in step (2) is transplanted 10 days, when haulage time surpasses 2 days or temperature is higher than 25 when spending, every day is to tree bar watering at least twice.
Traditional transplanting big tree method be need through the shoveling ball, cut root, processing, earthing, sprout fibrous root, program that fetch earth ball, crane loading and unloading etc. are complicated again, because root system is injured, the dehydration of tree body, seedling-slowing stage is long, it is generally lower to manage and protect the big tree survival rate that this method of reason such as difficulty transplants, and makes that to transplant cost higher.The present invention is a principle of utilizing the breeding of plant air layering, through test in a large number, sums up a cover and comprises the scientific method of big tree trunk utilizing high-pressure rooting, transplanting and maintenance, and selected to be suitable for the kind of this method breeding.The present invention carries out " high pressure " at big tree trunk position and handles, make it at the girdling place new root of regenerating, block the new root in back and can replace original root system, a new big tree is grown in Jiankang fast, and original big tree root stem is stayed the original place, big tree original root system does not come to harm, and can be grown to the regeneration tree faster.Through test for many years, according to utilizing high-pressure rooting, the migration and management that technical scheme of the present invention is set greatly, survival rate can reach more than 95%, and the hat width of cloth can be grown and be reached more than 1 meter in 1 year, became landscape tree.The rhizome of former big tree stays in the ground, avoided because of get large-scale native ball destroyed the face of land in tree seedbed and vegetation, minimizing tree seedbed greening, cause water and soil loss, destroyed ecological environment problem such as tree seedbed environment, and regeneration tree and seedling time of specific energy shortening 2/3rds of planting mutually becomes a useful person and emerges.Method of the present invention has been saved traditional shoveling ball, has cut root, processing, earthing, has been sprouted fibrous root, loaded down with trivial details, the heavy programs such as ball, crane loading and unloading that fetch earth again, owing to there is not native ball, also reduced and has moved and hauled weight, and reproductive-cost is lower than the big tree of direct transplanting.It is a Da Shu and a regeneration tree that the present invention can make a big tree breed fast, methodological science, easy operating, the survival rate height, cost is low, has both satisfied the demand of urban afforestation, having reduced again the tree ecology brought of seedbed and the problem of environmental disruption, is a kind of new method of big tree transplanting.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, to describe technical scheme of the present invention in detail.
1, the transplanting of banyan class, the big tree of Lauraceae
(1) utilizing high-pressure rooting
A selection tree shank diameter 20-70cm, robust growth and the moderate banyan tree of branch density are the transplanting object, also can select the suitable seeds that make landscape tree such as Lauraceae, maple class, Piao Shu, Chinese honey locust tree to be the transplanting object;
The b operations involving high pressure time: the southern 2-11 month, the northern 4-8 month, the most suitable with the 3-5 month, be the vegetative period of trees this moment, and resin flows vigorous, peels easily, and helps wound and takes root;
C, two encloses the horizontal girdling of bark up and down apart from ground 30-50cm place at big tree trunk, and the degree of depth is to xylem, and the spacing 8-20cm of two circles peel off the bark between two girdling mouths, scrape off phloem with cutter;
D gets state's light board root-inducing powder 2.5 grams, convert water 10-15 kilogram, stirring is taking root liquid, and the place is coated with in thimerosal and the taking root liquid at least a at the girdling mouth, pay special attention to be evenly coated on the bark at girdling mouth place, thimerosal and root-growing agent are the plant special product of market sale;
E covers girdling place fully with dry filler, thickness 5-8cm, wrap up with plastic film the outside, with rope distance girdling place at least 20cm tighten up and down at place, the root bag is educated in formation, educating the root bag must not have moisture to enter, in order to avoid cause filler go mouldy, rotten; Dry filler is the moisture broken bagasse, hay, the plant straw that are lower than 5-20%, do in cow dung, nutrition soil, the moss at least a kind, can multiple compound use; Wherein do cow dung, nutrition soil etc. and be made as graininess, particle grain size is less than 10mm, and hays such as straw, wheat straw, mountain grass prescind, and length is advisable with 30-50mm; Method high-temperature disinfection treatment such as the filler employing is infrared, stir-fry, solarization are killed viral worm's ovum;
F just can observe sturdy white root in girdling place and grow approximately after two months, educates the root that Gen Baonei covers with yellow in about eight months, just can prepare to transplant.If operation accident not long root is smeared taking root liquid in girdling place again in the spring in 1 year, two seasons of summer and wrapped up and tightening, still can save.
(2) transplant
A transplants the activity duration: spring, autumn;
The big tree of b was transplanted and is advisable in spring, autumn, selected the trees of utilizing high-pressure rooting success, and height as required cuts the drying shrinkage branch earlier, and street tree trunk height is controlled at 3.0～3.5m usually, and thick side shoot keeps about 0.3～0.5m; Park green land keeps 4.5～9m with tree trunk height not to be waited, and thick side shoot keeps, immediately section is sealed with wax after having cut, or with film section is wrapped up tight, in case trunk moisture is lost;
C is educating below the root bag the sawed-off big tree trunk in 20-50cm place at least, notice that saw kerf is smooth, do not hurt the new root of educating Gen Baonei, usually before setting, wants by saw the north-south of the good trunk of first mark, so that when field planting, plant by original direction, so both helped surviving, also help preventing summer in the shade bark meet with day burning, winter former sunny side dry hide frost bitten;
D seals the cross section: can seal with wax at section, or will seal processing to big tree trunk and the side shoot wound of cutting the position that contracts with film, the section parcel is tight;
Be transported to plantation ground in e10 days, when haulage time surpasses 2 days or temperature is higher than 25 when spending, lift in fortune process tree bar watering twice every day at least, must handle with care, and the root bag is not educated in collision, more can not ankle injury trunk bark, in order to avoid influence survives;
F digs tree well, and the degree of depth surpasses educates root bag 20-50cm, and shop fine sand in the hole also can adopt plantation bag or planting bed;
G opens and educates the root bag, does not injure new root, and tree is planted in the hole, builds soil, and compacting the trunk firm supporting, is the mashed root of new root that prevents big tree, can not ponding in the tree well;
H preserves moisture, is incubated the tree bar: trunk is wrapped up in grass, water will be wrapped up in grass and squirt, be wrapped in plastic film then and wrap up in the outer and fixing of grass, to keep the moisture in the trunk body, the trunk bottom is near root place cover film, the base portion earthing water permeable after, in 1.5 times of scopes of root diameter (RD), cover mulch film, the mulch film periphery is fixing.The method of wrapping up in grass is with straw screen or mat or directly with straw trunk is wrapped, be fixed on the trunk with thin straw rope then, or with trunk with the encircling all linked with one another of thick straw rope;
I is not because this trasplanting method trees have native ball, crank, must to transplant trees piling, stay cord be fixed, but should note can not the ankle injury trunk cortex.
(3) maintenance
During antecedent soil moisture under plastic film covers around a tree root, in time replenish and water; Will in time replenish when wrapping up in the grass drying on the trunk and water, keep wrapping up in grass and be in moisture state all the time, summer, big tree grew branches and leaves, and spray water to tree crown every day;
Branch is held in the b bud picking: when big tree begins to sprout stripping in a large number, need too dense twig is erased.For the trunk truncated position, the big tree plant of none branching can keep 3～5 sturdy coppice shoots from different angles at end 20～30cm place, so that form the key side shoot of umbrella from now on; To remaining with the big tree plant of branching side shoot on the trunk, can on each side shoot, keep 3～4 secondary side shoots, so that form plentiful crown appearance early, playing shades covers the afforestation effect of day;
C is cold-resistant antifreeze: the trees of spring and summer transplanting in season, and do not dismantle winter then straw screen or mat or straw rope were lightened restrictions on to spring next year again, and winter next year is rope woolding winter protection again again, so that it adapts to the temperature condition of transplanting ground gradually.The thick green side shoot that new length is retained can come winter protection by the method for parcel straw rope or film, can safe overwintering up to the thick thick taupe that is of its crust;
The d pest control: run into the weather of continuous drought behind the transplanting big tree, the young shoot tender leaf of new germinating subjects to aphid damage, and 2000 times of liquid of available 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate are sprayed; The season of growth, big tree was subject to the harm of insects such as green slug moth, tender shoots can be gnawed light when serious, leaf is suffered all, and available 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate or 1500～2000 times of liquid of cream of decamethrin of 2.5% are sprayed; When the dried longicorn of discovery moth endangers on the trunk, can or inject agricultural chemicals and block up extremely at worm channel place insertion poison label;
(4) implement quantity: each kind all size has strain more than 1000, and rooting rate can reach more than 95%, and survival rate is more than 95%.
2, the transplanting of kind trees such as tea tree section, sweetgum, Dendronenthamia japonica var.chinensis, sweet osmanthus, glossy privet, erythrina indica
(1) utilizing high-pressure rooting
A selection tree shank diameter 10-50cm, robust growth and the moderate tea tree of branch density are the transplanting object, also can select the suitable seeds that make landscape tree such as sweetgum, Dendronenthamia japonica var.chinensis, sweet osmanthus, glossy privet, erythrina indica to be the transplanting object;
The b operations involving high pressure time: the southern 2-11 month, the northern 4-8 month, the most suitable with the 3-5 month, be the vegetative period of trees this moment, and resin flows vigorous, peels easily, and helps wound and takes root;
C, two encloses the horizontal girdling of bark to xylem up and down apart from 20-30cm centimetre place, ground at big tree trunk, and the spacing 3-10cm of two circles peels off the bark between two girdling mouths;
D gets state's light board root-inducing powder 2.5 grams, convert water 10-15 kilogram, stirring is taking root liquid, and the place is coated with in thimerosal and the taking root liquid at least a at the girdling mouth, pay special attention to be evenly coated on the bark at girdling mouth place, thimerosal and root-growing agent are the plant special product of market sale;
E covers girdling place fully with dry filler, thickness 3-5cm, wrap up with plastic film the outside, with rope distance girdling place at least 10cm tighten up and down at the place, the root bag is educated in formation, educating the root bag must not have moisture to enter, in order to avoid it is rotten to cause filler to go mouldy; Dry filler is the moisture broken bagasse, hay, the plant straw that are lower than 10-20%, do in cow dung, nutrition soil, the moss at least a kind, can multiple compound use; Wherein do cow dung, nutrition soil etc. and be made as graininess, particle grain size is less than 6mm, and hays such as straw, wheat straw, mountain grass prescind, and length is advisable with 10-30mm; Bagasse, plant straw can be mixed and use; Method high-temperature disinfection treatment such as the filler employing is infrared, stir-fry, solarization are killed viral worm's ovum;
F just can observe sturdy white root in girdling place and grow approximately after two months, educates the root that Gen Baonei covers with yellow in about eight months, just can prepare to transplant.If operation accident not long root is smeared taking root liquid in girdling place again in the spring in 1 year, two seasons of summer and wrapped up and tightening, still can save.
(2) transplant, (3) maintenance is identical with embodiment 1.
(4) implement quantity: each kind all size has strain more than 1000, and rooting rate can reach more than 95%, and survival rate is more than 95%.
Claims (7)
1. method with utilizing high-pressure rooting process to transplant big tree is characterized in that concrete grammar is as follows:
(1) utilizing high-pressure rooting
A selects robust growth and the moderate big trees of branch density to be the transplanting object,
The b operations involving high pressure time: February-November,
C, two encloses the horizontal girdling of bark up and down apart from 20-50cm centimetre place, ground at big tree trunk, and the degree of depth is to xylem, and the spacing 3-20cm of two circles peel off the bark between two circle girdling mouths, scrape off phloem with cutter,
D is coated with thimerosal at girdling mouth place and root-growing agent is at least a,
E covers girdling place fully with dry filler, thickness 3-8cm, wrap up with plastic film the outside, with rope distance girdling place at least 10cm tighten up and down at the place, the root bag is educated in formation, educating the root bag must not have moisture to enter,
F is to be educated, and Gen Baonei covers with root, with regard to portable;
(2) transplant
A transplants the activity duration: spring, autumn,
B selects the trees of utilizing high-pressure rooting success, cuts the drying shrinkage branch earlier, immediately section is sealed with wax after having cut, or with film section is wrapped up tight,
The 20-50cm place is sawed-off at least below educating the root bag for c,
The d section is sealed with wax, or with film section is wrapped up tight,
Be transported to plantation ground in e 2-10 days, must not injure the tree bar during transportation and educate the root bag,
F makes preparations for sowing and plants place's degree of depth above educating root packet length 20-50cm;
G opens and educates the root bag, does not injure new root, and tree is planted, and builds soil, compacting, and the trunk firm supporting,
H insulation is wrapped up in grass to trunk, and water will be wrapped up in grass and squirt, and is wrapped in plastic film then and wraps up in the outer and fixing of grass, and the trunk bottom is near root place cover film, the base portion earthing water permeable after, in 1.5 times of scopes of root diameter (RD), cover mulch film, the mulch film periphery is fixing,
Drive piles to transplanting, stay cord is fixed by trees for i;
(3) maintenance
During antecedent soil moisture under plastic film covers around a tree root, in time replenish and water; Will in time replenish when wrapping up in the grass drying on the trunk and water, keep wrapping up in grass and be in moisture state all the time, summer, big tree grew branches and leaves, and spray water to tree crown every day,
B needs too dense twig is erased when a large amount of sprouting of big tree beginning stripping,
C transplants to keep winter then wraps up in grass, to spring next year, wraps up in careless winter protection winter next year more again, so that it adapts to the temperature condition of transplanting ground gradually.
2. a kind of method with utilizing high-pressure rooting process to transplant big tree as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described big tree is the broad-leaved tree of tree shank diameter more than or equal to 10cm.
3. a kind of method with utilizing high-pressure rooting process to transplant big tree as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that described broad-leaved tree is banyan class, Lauraceae, maple class, tea tree section, Piao Shu, Chinese honey locust, sweetgum, Dendronenthamia japonica var.chinensis, sweet osmanthus, glossy privet, erythrina indica, Chinese photinia.
4. a kind of method as claimed in claim 1 with utilizing high-pressure rooting process to transplant big tree, it is characterized in that, dry filler described in step (1) utilizing high-pressure rooting is the moisture broken bagasse that is lower than 5-20%, hay, plant straw, do in cow dung, nutrition soil and the moss at least a kind, filler is a graininess, hay, plant straw prescind, the filler high-temperature disinfection treatment is killed viral worm's ovum.
5. a kind of method with utilizing high-pressure rooting process to transplant big tree as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that thimerosal described in step (1) utilizing high-pressure rooting and root-growing agent are the commercially available prod.
6. a kind of method as claimed in claim 1 with utilizing high-pressure rooting process to transplant big tree, it is characterized in that the grass of wrapping up in described in step (2) is transplanted is, with straw screen or mat or directly trunk is wrapped with straw, be fixed on the trunk with thin straw rope then, or with trunk with the encircling all linked with one another of thick straw rope.
7. a kind of method with utilizing high-pressure rooting process to transplant big tree as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, is transported to plantation ground in 10 days described in step (2) is transplanted, and when haulage time surpasses 2 days or temperature is higher than 25 when spending, every day is to tree bar watering at least twice.
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