CN101669439A - Method for transplanting trees with whole canopy - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for transplanting trees with whole canopy, which comprises the following steps: a, determining the size of mud balls and cutting roots; b, pruning; c, digging out themud balls and packaging; d, preparing a plant pit; e, planting; and f, maintaining. The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art to provide the method for transplanting the trees with whole canopy, which is scientific, reasonably, mature, orderly, and capable of improving the survival rate of the transplanted trees. The method for transplanting the trees with whole canopy has the survival rate of the trees of above 85 percent, ensures that the transplanted trees have good visual effect, and simultaneously achieves good economic and ecological benefits.

Description

Method for transplanting trees with whole canopy

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of method for transplanting trees with whole canopy.

Background technology

In the construction of harmonious and ecocity, big tree transplanting is essential.As in the recovery in some ancient building, ancient street, keep and history culture square, ancient city city, must plant big tree and could show the ancient of its history, set off its history culture atmosphere by contrast; Some heavy construction environmental effect wants vertical rod to see shadow, and plantation small dimension nursery stock can not reach its requirement, and at this moment suitably transplant big tree is moulded its landscape effect; Some key project requires to match with specific graceful tree performance in addition, and this just has only the way of employing big tree transplanting to realize.

The arbor of transplanting big specification in external many urban afforestation is very general.The U.S. has advanced landscape engineering technology, and particularly large-scale arbor cultivation is taken its place in the front ranks of the world with implantation technique.When Japan holds " flower is with green " fair in nineteen ninety, the mao bamboon of a large amount of full tips of transplanting and the big tree of complete crown, the survival rate height, and recover growth soon, embodied Japanese superb horticulture technique.When Japan built global paradise, a large amount of transplant big trees got instant result park landscape.The street tree diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of planting in Tokyo, Osaka etc. is all about 15-20cm.Cities such as domestic Shanghai are just beginning to take shape the working specification and the acceptance criteria of a whole set of science aspect big tree transplanting.The quick raising with the afforestation level of developing rapidly along with urban construction, big tree transplanting is more and more general in the utilization of the aspects such as widening road greening, the transformation of greenery patches, city, construction of park and courtyard greening, in a short time for improving the ecological benefits of urban green space, optimize the greenery patches structure, improve urban green space landscape and play a positive role, promoted the in advance formation of urban ecological environment.

Yet the following problem of present domestic big tree transplanting ubiquity:

(1) in the weary situation of afforestation large nursery stocks plaque, some nursery stock dealer disorderly digs from the mountain under economic interests drive blindly, even spares no high price to transplant ancient tree from thousands of remote, thickly forested mountains inside and outside to the city.The big tree of transplanting is most of from forest, and this produces harmful effect to ecological with environment on every side.

(2) the big tree transplanting technology is lack of standardization, the problem that survival rate is low.Even under the secure prerequisite of human and material resources, financial resources, technology, its survival rate is the highest also can only to reach 70%-80%.If implantation technique is lack of standardization, the unrealistic survival rate that just more is difficult to guarantee transplant big tree is minimum even only about 30%.

(3) the maintenance management measure falls behind.Survive for protecting big tree transplanting, generally take method that big tree is turned round greatly, prunes by force, set a little less than the regeneration capacity greatly, plasticity is relatively poor, in case transplant, owing to incompatibility, if can not get well managing and protecting to environment, the accelerated ageing of tree body, be in " false live " state in 2 to 3 years,, also in several years, more than ten years, become the veteran that lacks life mostly even determined to survive in 3 to 5 years, can progressively lose the function of improving the ecological environment, become green disadvantaged group new in the city.Therefore big tree transplanting brings the miniboom that The trees make a pleasant shade can not become the contribution witness of urban afforestation.

In big tree transplanting, it is more complicated that complete crown is transplanted needed technology.According to the tree vigo(u)r equilibrium principle, the overground part of transplant big tree and underground part must keep balance.In the complete crown migration process, owing to will keep more branches and leaves, the supply-demand relationship of the nursery stock of the root that broken moisture at this moment just becomes highly difficult problem, how to remedy this imbalance, making the tree body not want too much dehydration, improve the survival rate of nursery stock, is the greatest difficulty that faces.

So existing method for transplanting trees with whole canopy awaits further perfect.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is in order to overcome weak point of the prior art, provide a kind of scientific and reasonable, ripe in order, can improve the method for transplanting trees with whole canopy of the survival rate of big tree transplanting.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts following scheme:

A kind of method for transplanting trees with whole canopy, it may further comprise the steps:

The determining and be completely cured of a, mud ball size

4-6 with big tree mobile jib diameter doubly is that the mud ball radius is drawn circle, and the circle inner area is promptly determined the mud ball size; Look the depth of root system, dig the ditch about wide 30cm～40cm, dark 80cm～100cm, dig below the main root fork, block thick lateral root and main root; Insert loose fertile soil to described ditch, fill up the compacting of soil back, fully water then;

B, pruning

According to the upgrowth situation and the crown attitude of full tree of plant branches and leaves, the secondary of major branch bottom part, three grades of side shoots are wiped out in the interval, and pruning rate is controlled at 1/5-3/5, cut the wrapping of available plastic film in back or straw and prune mouth;

C, mud ball and packing

Treat after its cutout healing of lateral root thick among the step a and the root of hair, according to the mud ball size, dig out two middle mud ball shape of heaving of point slightly, when having dug mud ball with burlap that has soaked or the material parcel mud ball that can degrade automatically, with 8～No. 12 iron net mud ball is wrapped again, colluded iron net strand tight with iron;

D, plant pit are prepared

In predetermined place, excavate scope, mud ball size shape according to tree root, dig out the plant pit bigger than mud ball;

E, field planting

To set body and hold up directly, left-right symmetry is stood on plant pit central authorities, backfill planting soil all around, the layering having peace of mind, buried depth is a little more than former collar soil trace, treat the soil shrinkage compacting after, collar flushes with native face and is advisable, and can establish support or the fixing body of setting of tractive;

F, maintenance

Do not water establishing of root-inducing powder aqua after the field planting and promptly water sufficient normal root water, watered the tree of root-inducing powder aqua and treat to water sufficient normal root water in 10～20 minutes again, and carry out and pour water and preserve soil moisture, shell maintenance works such as bud, preventing disease and pest.

The principle of transplanting trees with whole canopy of the present invention: comprise approximate habitat principle and tree vigo(u)r equilibrium principle, the habitat after promptly transplanting is similar to or is better than primary habitat, and the overground part of transplanting succeed rate height and transplant big tree and underground part must keep balance.In addition, its relative theory also comprises function and growth, the old and feeble trend of trees and the growth potential of feature, root system situation and big tree etc. of root system.

The present invention pays attention to setting body and takes, packs, transports, and in time transplants, and plants the technical specification of the links such as rear management.

In the transplanting trees with whole canopy of the present invention

First should be appreciated that biology and the ecological characteristics of complete crown transplanting plant:

The big tree that complete crown is transplanted should be grasped the transplanting situation for the treatment of generally all from the nursery before transplanting: kind, specification, field planting time, maintenance management situation over the years, growing state, a branch ability, damage by disease and insect situation, root growth situation at present.Understand the habit of growth of plant, to environment requirement, to the susceptibility in season, to requirement of moisture or the like.Rational technological means is formulated on basis in the biology of understanding plant and ecological characteristics, and this is to ensure to transplant one of successful key factor.

Second should choose seasonal migration:

Deciduous tree should be in March (or autumn and winter nursery stock fallen leaves back), and evergreen tree should be on the April that trees begin to sprout, carry out the middle ten days.The trees of transplanting in the above time all should not do non-transplanting in season, and maintenance management all should be by non-implantation technique processing in season.

In the process of carrying out the complete crown transplanting, determine the mud ball size earlier and be completely cured, in general, for all will take to be completely cured the earlier again measure of lifting of the megaphanerophyte of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground more than 20cm, particularly for those difficult plants of transplanting: transplant difficult babassu such as the requirements such as overlord palm fibre, Archontophoenix alexandrae Wendl et Orude that survive as cloudy perfume, purging cassia, water stone banyan, manglietia glauca and part and be completely cured earlier, transplant the back.

When big tree was completely cured, the mud ball size was determined in conjunction with Various Seasonal according to floristics and different size.The 4-5 that general requirement is a bar base diameter doubly is that radius is drawn circle, and the depth of looking root system is dug the ditch about wide 30cm～40cm, dark 80cm～100cm, dig below the main root fork, block thick lateral root (blocking with saw or scraper), the cross section must be smooth, is beneficial to wound healing and root of hair.For some seeds, big root also will break several times, adopts the band girdle to underground main root, and sprays at wound with the 1-2ppm root element and to process.Insert loose fertile soil after ditch digs, fill up the rear compacting of soil, should fully water then.The whole process of being completely cured will be carried out stage by stage, and the nursery stock of transplanting for difficulty just should be divided as lichee and to be completely cured for 2～3 times, 1/2 root system breaks for the first time, second and third time whole root systems that break again, whole process are looked needs 4～6 months season, and some difficult root of hair seeds needs longer time.

Must carry out branches and leaves after big tree is completely cured among the present invention and prune and pruning, stay the number of branches and leaves during transplanting, should be according to variety classes, synthetic determinations such as weather, transplanting and curing condition when transplanting.According to the upgrowth situation and the crown attitude of full tree of plant branches and leaves, wipe out the secondary of major branch bottom part, three grades of side shoots at interval, the wound of pruning is wanted the smooth smooth later stage healing that is beneficial to.Make the tree crown of one-level that big tree stays, secondary, three grades of branches and composition consistent with former crown form attitude.But cut by force behind the deciduous tree vacuate, stay the enriching shoot of growth branch and germinating more, pruning rate can reach 4/10～6/10, broad-leaved evergreen, the method for taking to shrink tree crown is clipped peripheral branch and is suitably dredged the inner unnecessary weak branch of rare tree crown, stay strong germinating branch, pruning rate can reach 1/3～3/5 more.Coniferous tree is to dredge branch, and pruning rate can reach 1/5～2/5.The evaporation of pruning place moisture is fast, and available plastic sheeting or straw are bound up a wound after cutting, to reduce the evaporation of moisture.Seedling growth will remove tiller bud picking work after germinateing timely.Particularly the deciduous species of winter planting after pruning, can grow a large amount of buds and young sprout, should carry out priming leaf, and sparse branching work prevents from consuming a large amount of nutrients and moisture, weakens tree vigo(u)r.Time can be divided several times and carry out generally in 5-6 month, and after company adopted in the nursery this method to transplant, the low trees surviving rates of survival rate such as beech tree had reached more than 95%.

Treat just can play mud ball after its cutout healing of thick lateral root and root of hair of big tree, the size of mud ball, quality directly have influence on the success or failure that complete crown is transplanted in the process of a mud ball.The diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground is that generally to require mud ball be that 120cm～180cm is wide to the arbor of 10cm～20cm.And shape is that heave in the middle of the point slightly at requirement cydariform two.For water conservation when having dug mud ball we also with the burlap that has soaked or automatically degradable material parcel mud ball.Gunnysack good water-retaining property and easily rotten, will rot general 2～March, do not affect the growth of tree root.

If the big tree of being transplanted among the present invention need be transported to far place, that also must be wrapped mud ball with 8～No. 12 iron net after with gunnysack parcel mud ball again, collude tightly with iron iron net strand, must be tight a minimum circle strand earlier when strand iron net, because this is the key of wrapping the mud ball quality.Wring to tighten up interface more earlier behind the foundation ring and up tighten up, just keep then top net well, also will twist again the net of centre at last how several down to guarantee that mud ball can be not loose, mud ball can not loose in transportation stick together.

In the process of transportation, the trunk of the big tree of reply carries out strict protection when carrying out lifting operation, and guarantees its integrality.Therefore before lifting, to remove support earlier, draw tree crown in.The elevating capacity of loop wheel machine must be heavy greater than tree, and operating personnel should possess professional experiences, will adopt iron to collude during lifting, catches on the iron net of parcel mud ball, can not only tie up the tree bar, prevents from setting the over-stressed damage bark of bar.Can also adopt strap to tie up mud ball to some less nursery stocks, bundle trunk at trunk with multilayer sponge or gunnysack again and added the hoisting method of wood chip again with the protection bark.Should make tree slightly be oblique shape during lifting.So bandage will be tied up at the lower middle of mud ball 20cm～40cm place.4 hooks should be put in the below, and than the past bottom 20-30cm of 2 hooks in top.For convenience entrucking should be a pull rope in big bifurcation also, leads direction in order to draw when dress open top container or shipment.

The big tree of transplanting is if carry out open top container or shipping shipment, must note: when trees are lifted by crane, be careful and slowly draw the branch outside the open top container in the cartonning, the soil ball will be with brick or peat mount with its both sides pad tightly when putting into open top container, so that native ball is stablized is motionless.Trunk also will support with yoke when trees kept flat, and used the flexible material pad on yoke, tree crown is propped up avoided breaking branch, and the position that branch contacts with case pads up with gunnysack or other soft material, avoids abrading bark.Must be good with yoke and flexible material pad to the nursery stock that keeps flat during shipment.To irrigate mud ball after the entrucking, squirt trunk, leaf, with the sunshade net whole open top container be built again, cause the trunk dehydration in case expose to the weather.

The big tree that will transplant among the present invention is transported to as early as possible field planting behind the predetermined place, should prepare plant pit in advance before the field planting, and plant pit size, shape, the depth should be excavated scope according to tree root, the mud ball size shape is decided, and should every limit stays the operation ditch of 40cm.Plant pit must meet up and down specification of the same size, and to containing building waste, harmful substance all must be amplified plant pit, removes roach and changes planting soil, and in time fill in backfill soil.Plant pit base portion basal dressing.During the not water-fast wet seeds of physical features lower plantation, should take the mound planting method, the mound height is determined according to the terrain, the mound scope: the highest point area should be not less than the scope (or mud ball size 2 times) of root, and compaction in layers.Carrying out nursery stock root that complete crown transplants can not ponding, as long as keep ground moistening.Do hydrophobic layer with stone and yellow sand before the place plantation for impeded drainage, drain by the gutter then.Can 1-2 ventilative or peep hole be set with pvc pipe in when plantation, so that ventilative, moisturizing and observe native ball ponding situation can not in time be drained in time to dig pit such as water and be ladled out away.

To set body and hold up directly, left-right symmetry is stood on cave central authorities, backfill planting soil all around, layering having peace of mind.Buried depth is a little more than former collar soil trace, treat the soil shrinkage compacting after, collar flushes with native face and is advisable.Difficult seeds or the big tree that takes root and survive of Nursery stock transplanting, available quick-acting root-growing agents, every bag 5 gram is converted 5～10 kilograms in water and is watered to the tree dish that field planting is good.If the fixing tree of support or tractive body

Should carry out maintenance to the big tree after the field planting among the present invention: carry out and pour water and the maintenance works such as soil moisture conservation, stripping bud, preventing disease and pest.Do not water sufficient normal root water immediately after watering the tree field planting of root-inducing powder aqua.Water the tree of root-inducing powder aqua and treat to water sufficient normal root water in 10～20 minutes again, impelled the close knot of root system and soil.Sprayed a water every 1～2 day to tree crown, continuous more than 15 days, particularly high temperature season more should often be sprayed water.Every 5～7 days, root watered 1 time, continuous 3～5 times, treat that at every turn water has oozed after, cover soil moisture conservation with fine earth or mulch film or straw.Should stay bud behind the big tree transplanting, stripping bud should be stayed high-order bud more more, and is rare to the in time stripping of Multiple Buds that germinates on the otch.Should adopt a series of medicine measure after the planted seedlings: evergreen species can be behind long young leaves, every two weeks or sprayed 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or urea in one month, replenishes the blade face nutrient, impels blade aging.For easily sick nursery stock, should regularly spray the medicines such as carbendazim and Mancozeb.Simultaneously can adopt root-growing agent to urge root, adopt white sugar to add biphosphate potassium water liquid such as red bayberry and fill with root, every two weeks one-time continuous 3-4 time can promote the nursery stock Rapid Rooting.Large-scale tall and big arbor can adopt transfusion to keep the tree nutrition balance, and concrete method of operating is to be miter angle to bore 3-4 aperture at the middle part of trunk, gos deep into cambium, then getting final product in the special-purpose bottle patchhole that root-growing agent such as vigor root element is housed.The weak trees of growth potential should be built cool canopy to trees, and adopt continual spray pattern to keep the humidity of environment.

In sum, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows, adopt transplanting trees with whole canopy technology of the present invention, set greatly survival rate and can reach more than 85%, landscape effect is good.Reach better economic, ecological benefits simultaneously.At first, the nursery stock of selecting complete crown to transplant all is artificial culture or the big tree through heeling in, and does not enter the mountain and moves tree, has protected the ecosystem.The important materials that the present invention simultaneously provides harmonious ecocity afforestation to use preferably.The space-time that improves in a short time green landscape is worth, and the big tree that complete crown is transplanted is plants configuration and the space structure in Optimizing City greenery patches in the short period of time, satisfies the requirement of afforesting and beautifying of emphasis or large-scale municipal works.On the spatial level of view, the leader that the tall trees hat has consisted of the green landscape space expands the view emphasis to high level, can bring into play quickly ecology and the Landscape benefit of urban green space.Next Effective Raise ratio of urban green space, afforestation coverage rate and forest sight rate.Big tree tree height is big, and tree crown is open, and is flourishing, and its upright projection area is more much bigger than shrub, lawn, thereby can also improve green cover percentage and forest sight rate index significantly except that improving ratio of green space.The complete crown transplant big tree has positive effect to improving urban ecology in a short time once more.Big tree has higher leaf area index, and after the complete crown transplant big tree recovered growth, its ecological benefits will well be brought into play.They can not only increase the content of humidity and oxygen in the air, and simultaneously a large amount of blades can reduce dust, and rainwater is played good delay effect, have reduced rainwater washing away ground.Transplant big tree provide preferably humidity can for simultaneously the plant of lower floor and give shade condition, and the growth of lower floor's landscape plant in being conducive to improves leaf area index, brings into play to greatest extent the ecological benefits of effective land area.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1

The present invention is that the 30cm height is taked transplanting trees with whole canopy for king's coconut of 15m to the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground: may further comprise the steps:

1, the mud ball size determines and is completely cured

Take to be completely cured the earlier again measure of lifting is that radius is drawn circle with 1.5 meters, digs the ditch about wide 40cm, dark 100cm, dig below king's coconut main root fork, block thick lateral root (blocking with saw or scraper), the cross section must be smooth, is beneficial to wound healing and root of hair.

2, prune

Prune king's coconut branches and leaves 50%, crown attitude leaves tree.

3, plant pit is prepared

According to the plant pit of the wide about 3m of king's coconut tree root excavation, dark 100cm, the operation ditch of 40cm is stayed on every limit.Plant pit base portion basal dressing.

4, play mud ball

Mud ball is that 180cm is wide, and shape is the requirement cydariform, and heave in the middle of the point slightly at two.For water conservation when having dug mud ball with the burlap that has soaked or automatically degradable material parcel mud ball.

5, packing

With with No. 12 iron net mud ball being wrapped again behind the gunnysack parcel mud ball, collude with iron the iron net is wrung, must be to want earlier a minimum circle to be wrung when strand iron net, wring to tighten up interface more earlier behind the foundation ring and up tighten up, again just keep top net well, several lower to guarantee that mud ball can be not loose more than also will twisting again the net of centre at last, mud ball can not loose in transportation stick together.

6, specialty lifting

Before lifting, to remove support earlier, draw tree crown in.The elevating capacity of loop wheel machine must be heavy greater than tree, will adopt iron to collude during lifting, catches on the iron net of parcel mud ball, can not only tie up the tree bar, prevents from setting the over-stressed damage bark of bar.Bandage is tied up at 30cm place, the lower middle of mud ball, makes tree slightly be oblique shape during lifting, and 4 hooks are put in the below, and than the past bottom 25cm of 2 hooks in top.For convenience entrucking should be a pull rope in big bifurcation also, leads direction in order to draw when dress open top container or shipment.

7, open top container and shipping shipment

Set up greatly to be careful when hanging at king's coconut the branch outside the open top container is slowly drawn in the cartonning, its both sides pad is tight when native ball is put into open top container with brick or peat mount, so that native ball is stablized is motionless.Set bar with the rebasing flexible material pad of yoke under the trunk that keeps flat, tree crown is propped up avoided breaking branch, the position that branch contacts with case pads up with gunnysack or other soft material, avoids abrading bark.To irrigate mud ball after the entrucking, squirt trunk, leaf, with the sunshade net whole open top container be built again, cause the trunk dehydration in case expose to the weather.

8, field planting

To set body and hold up directly, left-right symmetry is stood on cave central authorities, backfill all around, layering having peace of mind.Buried depth is a little more than former collar soil trace, treat the soil shrinkage compacting after, collar flushes with native face and is advisable.Will be with the fixing king's coco body of tripod and steel cable tractive.

9, maintenance

Water immediately sufficient normal root water after the field planting, transplant early sprays blade face water 3-5 time every day, and every 5～7 days, root watered 1 time, continuous 3～5 times, treat that at every turn water has oozed after, cover soil moisture conservation with fine earth or mulch film or straw.

The king's coconut that uses method for transplanting trees with whole canopy of the present invention to transplant, its survival rate reaches more than 95%.

Claims (1)

1, a kind of method for transplanting trees with whole canopy, it may further comprise the steps:

The determining and be completely cured of a, mud ball size

4-6 with big tree mobile jib diameter doubly is that the mud ball radius is drawn circle, and the circle inner area is promptly determined the mud ball size; Look the depth of root system, dig the ditch about wide 30cm～40cm, dark 80cm～100cm, dig below the main root fork, block thick lateral root and main root; Insert loose fertile soil to described ditch, fill up the compacting of soil back, fully water then;

B, pruning

According to the upgrowth situation and the crown attitude of full tree of plant branches and leaves, the secondary of major branch bottom part, three grades of side shoots are wiped out in the interval, and pruning rate is controlled at 1/5-3/5, cut the wrapping of available plastic film in back or straw and prune mouth;

C, mud ball and packing

Treat according to the mud ball size, to dig out the mud ball shape of the slightly sharp intermediate muster in two after the healing of its cutout of lateral root thick among the step a and the root of hair, wrap up mud ball with the burlap that has soaked or automatically degradable material when having dug mud ball;

D, plant pit are prepared

In predetermined place, excavate scope, mud ball size shape according to tree root, dig out the plant pit bigger than mud ball;

E, field planting

To set body and hold up directly, left-right symmetry is stood on plant pit central authorities, backfill planting soil all around, the layering having peace of mind, buried depth is a little more than former collar soil trace, treat the soil shrinkage compacting after, collar flushes with native face and is advisable, and can establish support or the fixing body of setting of tractive;

F, maintenance

Do not water establishing of root-inducing powder aqua after the field planting and promptly water sufficient normal root water, watered the tree of root-inducing powder aqua and treat to water sufficient normal root water in 10～20 minutes again, and carry out and pour water and preserve soil moisture, shell maintenance works such as bud, preventing disease and pest.