Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide the transplanting method of a kind of large gauge ash tree, and the method survival rate is high, and small investment is simple, effective, high efficiency.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is: the transplanting method of a kind of large gauge ash tree, comprises the steps:
(1) selection of large gauge ash tree: select tree-walk 10-30cm, the age of tree more than 10 years, robust growth, the Fraxinus velutina without damage by disease and insect, little Chinese wax or Largeleaf Chinese Ash seeds; Select to transplant in winter, resting stage in spring;
(2) trunk snap beta pruning and cutting lateral root: carry out trunk snap beta pruning to limb, stays half hat; Excavate ash tree, digging of being completely cured naked ash tree, root width is not less than two times of tree-walk;
(3) water tariff collection in long-distance transport:
A, sterilizing is carried out to all wounds after the beta pruning of ash tree trunk snap and cutting lateral root;
B, smear closed to wound liniment;
C, to ash tree trunk whole body with liquid ground film spray close;
(4) in process of planting, laminating is taken root: after ash tree transports to appointed place, plants at once, root is put into pre-pits, bankets layer by layer, steady and sure layer by layer, and tree root wound and soil are fitted tightly;
(5) water: after planting, first three time watering time of ash tree is that between 15 to 30 of the lunar calendar, first time waters and will irrigate;
(6) breathing freely after watering: first time digs pit ventilative around along tree after 4 to 7 days, cheats dark 10-20cm after watering; After second time is watered, loose ground; Third time deeply uproots and loosens the soil after watering;
Step (5) and (6), as rained, wanting teeming water after the rain and loosening the soil ventilative.
Preferably, step (2) is completely cured digging naked ash tree, and root width is not less than three times of tree-walk.
Preferably, the trunk snap height of step (2) trunk snap beta pruning is three meters.
Preferably, step (3) b, in liniment be mixed paint, vaseline or paraffin.
Preferably, step (6) first time digs three holes around along tree after 4 to 7 days, cheats dark 10-20cm after watering.
Preferably, the degree of depth that the dark hoe of step (6) loosens the soil is 5-7cm.
Preferably, third time keeps soil moisture to be not less than 75% after watering.
The beneficial effect adopting technique scheme to produce is:
Survival rate of the present invention is high, and small investment is simple, effective, high efficiency; In greening landscape engineering, effect is outstanding, Be very effective, good control.This method comprises the practical distribution of up-downgoing flow of its each phenophase tree body moisture, nutrition; the negative and positive time difference of watering time; substantially increase the survival rate of transplanting big tree; especially west tree east is moved; the protection of water balance and the reform of planting technique gimmick in plants being introduced from south to north long-distance transport, root regeneration, survives smoothly; cultivated the survival rate of 50% by year, suddenly become 95% survival rate.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
A transplanting method for large gauge ash tree, comprises the steps:
(1) selection of large gauge ash tree: select tree-walk 10-30cm, the age of tree more than 10 years, robust growth, following Chinese wax kind without damage by disease and insect, longitude and latitude and height above sea level are not limit.Select to transplant in winter, resting stage in spring.
The Fraxinus velutina of one of Chinese wax seeds, is also hair Chinese wax, is commonly called as northern Chinese wax.Be introduced a fine variety from North America in Jinan 20 beginnings of the century, now spread all over the country and become the seeds of various places greening superfine product.Its biological nature is year-round average temperature 12 degree, absolute high temperature 40 degree, absolute low temperature 18 degrees below zero, 238 days frost-free seasons of year, rudiment temperature 10 degree, and Zhan Ye is bloomed temperature 12 degree, and autumn and winter 5 degree fallen leaves start.Happiness water, cold-resistant, impoverishment tolerant.
It two is little Chinese wax, also claims thin skin Chinese wax.Biological property is similar with hair Chinese wax, and cold tolerance is higher than the former, and (absolute low temperature 40 degrees below zero) Salt And Alkali Tolerance ability is higher than the former, and impoverishment tolerant ability is slightly poor, and its main root is flourishing not as hair Chinese wax, but side coring root is more, and side root is generally open and flat reaches 2-3 rice.
It three is Largeleaf Chinese Ash, also becomes tertia Chinese wax, also has similar habit with hair Chinese wax, but happiness photosensitiveness is comparatively strong, and well developed root system, grows slightly larger than first two.Have stronger cold-resistant, Salt And Alkali Tolerance, impoverishment tolerant ability.Slightly poor than first two drought-resistant ability, but transplantation rooting ability is stronger.
According to specification requirement from northwest, northeast, the ground such as North China are selected healthy and strong, and the specification without damage by disease and insect is set.
(2) trunk snap beta pruning and cutting lateral root: carry out trunk snap beta pruning to limb, stays half hat; Excavate ash tree, digging of being completely cured naked ash tree, root width is not less than two to three times of tree-walk.
Trunk snap height three meters is advisable, and half titled with smaller part hat as well.Naked convenient transport, reduces cost of transportation.
(3) water tariff collection in long-distance transport:
An important ring of the transplant survival of trees keeps water balance, in long-distance transport, especially air-dry extremely heavy season in spring and autumn, the distance of a few a thousand li of trees traffic requirements, ensure to set the balance of body moisture for guaranteeing to make trees not dehydration divide, have employed following measures:
A, sterilizing is carried out to all wounds after the beta pruning of ash tree trunk snap and cutting lateral root;
B, according to actual conditions mixed paint, vaseline or paraffin smear wound closure;
C, to ash tree trunk whole body liquid ground film spray close (liquid ground film stoste puts into sprayer, the trunk whole body of ash tree is sprayed and evenly closes), make it to maintain the poised state of tree body originally moisture, stopped the loss of moisture, thus made it to improve survival rate.Commercial liquid ground film all can use.
Above after several step with regard to entrucking.Then build hood cloth, prevent air-dry.
(4) in process of planting, laminating is taken root: after ash tree transports to appointed place, plants at once, root is put into pre-pits, bankets layer by layer, steady and sure layer by layer, and tree root wound and soil are fitted tightly.
The operation principle of " plant Chinese wax, hammer is pounded, to survive send out a twig " is adhered in the transplanting process of large gauge ash tree.This hammer said is pounded, and refers to and bankets layer by layer, and having peace of mind, makes tree root wound and soil closely sturdy layer by layer, plays the effect of hestening rooting and absorption water and nutrient, thus reaches the supply of maintenance moisture, promote the effect of wound healing, and a branch sends out the effect that cap is not preced with partially.This method is applied and is obtained by the bar that breaks skill and technique principle of taking root (by trunk without any root system, only having the technology survived of taking root when section).
(5) water: after planting, first three time watering time of ash tree is that between 15 to 30 of the lunar calendar, first time waters and will irrigate.
In whole Winter-Spring resting stage, the equal portable of large gauge ash tree, but the time difference must understanding and control down-off on its tree body moisture.Prove according to research and practice: the growth of ash tree and transplant survival and lack by the moon moon circle in close relations, the lunar calendar enlightens us, lacks the moon circle moon, seawater fluctuation, trees water and nutrient also has upstream and downstream, and experiment show that moon circle waters and greatly to improve than lacking the transplanting survival rate that waters the moon.After planting, watering time should control 15 to 30 at the lunar calendar, and survival rate is higher, before 15 days of each moon in spring, tree body does not stop inner nutrient completely, and the distribution flowing of moisture, has stronger flowing frequency sometimes, in body, the water nutrient of 70% was carried to cadre before 15 days, namely up.Then to root transport after 15 days, namely descending.Descendingly be beneficial to foster root, in order to improve survival rate, taking plants trees first supports the mode of watering of root, achieves obvious effect.With this control well watering time be ensure to survive one of key technology.Experimentally prove, steady and sure rear first time of banketing waters and answers flood to irrigate.In season in spring and autumn, temperature, when 0 to 8 spends, can only say that tree body is semidormancy, and in ash tree body, water and nutrient has stronger flow direction flowing frequency.The lunar calendar before 15 days 70% the up foster limb of moisture, the descending foster root callus of water and nutrient of 15 to 30 days 70%.So newly plant, tree is watered to root system callus on the lower departure date and takes root very favourable, thus newly plant Chinese wax first three time water should on the lower departure date, i.e. 15 to 30 of the lunar calendar, the transplanting of Here it is ash tree and the moon waning moon circle relation, namely the negative and positive time difference controls.
(6) breathing freely after watering: first time digs pit ventilative around along tree after 4 to 7 days, cheats dark 10-20cm after watering; After second time is watered, loose ground; Third time deeply uproots and loosens the soil after watering.
Loosen the soil in time after watering and ventilative solve " seemingly-dead " problem.In the transplanting experimentation of large gauge ash tree, often can run into the appearance of " seemingly-dead " phenomenon, not only germinate but also return bud phenomenon.Facts have proved after deliberation, one of occurrence cause of this phenomenon bankets to fail having peace of mind.Two is that to hinder root when digging tree too heavy, and root is little.Three to be that a water waters saturating, airtight after two water, and three water are more airtight or water and cause not in time.Therefore, anti-wind rocking during cultivation, connects after cultivation and waters callus water of saving one's life.After watering or overcast and rainy rear ventilative concrete way of loosening the soil in time: after the first water waters, after 4 to 7 days, dig the pitting of three dark 10-20cm around along tree, can breathe freely and be beneficial to secondary water after infiltration; After secondary waters, loose ground one time, heats and breathes freely; After watering for three times, dark hoe loosens the soil one time again, and the degree of depth is 5-7cm.Third time keeps soil moisture to be not less than 75% after watering.If soil moisture is lower than 75%, keep the skin wet in time.
In addition as rained, it is also the effective way solving " seemingly-dead " that teeming water of will making the best use of time after rain also loosens the soil ventilative in time.Water after rain and do not water in scope in first three time.
The maintenance of the large gauge Chinese wax after transplanting is substantially the same with common trees conserve, and the cultivation of its tree-shaped and the control of damage by disease and insect be not at the row of the present invention.
To sum up three kinds of ash tree, from tree-walk 10-30cm, transplanting examination since two thousand six has repeatedly carried out test repeatedly in planting successively, achieves the survival and growth of more than 95% by this method.
There is the guarantee of this transplanting method, by unremitting effort in 3 years, built up the large gauge Chinese wax base that the whole nation is maximum, deposited 10 to 30 centimeters, garden large gauge Chinese wax 35000.
The present invention is applicable to large gauge ash tree resting stage, naked, and trunk snap and half hat, the ash tree being unsuitable for the season of growth is transplanted.