CN1459224A - Method for transplanting big trees with bare root - Google Patents
Method for transplanting big trees with bare root Download PDFInfo
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- CN1459224A CN1459224A CN 02114146 CN02114146A CN1459224A CN 1459224 A CN1459224 A CN 1459224A CN 02114146 CN02114146 CN 02114146 CN 02114146 A CN02114146 A CN 02114146A CN 1459224 A CN1459224 A CN 1459224A
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Abstract
A method for transplanting the big tree with bare root includes such steps as digging a tree, trimming the tree to be transplanted, transporting, preparing the conditions for transplanting, transplanting, post management, and draining water and preventing waterlogging. It features that the consumptions of nutrients, water and energy for the tree to be transplanted are decreased and the physiological function of its tissue, organs and root is restored as fast as possible. Its advantages are high survival rate and convenient transport.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to naked transplanting method of a kind of trees, relate in particular to a kind of naked and transplant the age of tree more than 10 years or the method for the big tree of arbor class of trunk diameter more than 15～20cm.
Background technology:
At present, the reason of transplanting big tree difficulty comprises two aspects substantially, and one is moved in the process, and labour intensity is big; Its two, technical difficulty is big, most of velamen of setting greatly in migration process in the root system decreases, and makes the metabolic nutrient supply wretched insufficiency of trees, even take some measures, also is difficult to remedy.
The physiological structure of trees comprises tree root, trunk, tree crown.Tree crown is meant the part of the living branches and leaves in tree trunk upper end.Need nutrients in the arboreal growth growth course, these nutriment parts are materials that leaf synthesizes by photosynthesis, and another part is the nutrients that absorbs from soil by tree root.
Transplanting tree is about to the tree of nursery planting or wild tree from the former process of specifying ground of being transplanted to vegetatively.The process of transplanting tree comprises substantially: the processes such as taking, transport, plant of trees.Publish according to the Henan education publishing house, " plant has had huge root system; just might absorb liquid manure continuously, could be flourishing ... the branch ability of root is considerably beyond acrial part in 101-102 page or leaf narration in " Hundred Thousand Whys plant wonder " book of Hu Xiaolin, Xia Mosheng chief editor." when trees take, damage in the tree root part or most.The damage of root has reduced the ability of trees absorption moisture and nutrient, has influenced normal growth, the growth of plant.Publish according to the Henan education publishing house, the 117th page of narration of " Hundred Thousand Whys plant wonder " book of Hu Xiaolin, Xia Mosheng chief editor " moisture of root absorption and nutrient are mainly by upwards transportation of xylem; leaf photosynthesis form for the required photosynthetic product of plant growing; as nutriments such as carbohydrates; mainly carry downwards until root, grow for root existence by phloem." trees are transported to moving operation and also can causing certain damage to keeping trees organs such as root, trunk, branch of process such as planting-site vegetatively from former, and nutraceutical conveying also is under some influence.The transportation of nutriment is not smooth, makes the related position of wound can not get normal nutritional supplementation, causes the arboreal growth depauperation easily yet, even dead.Trees are former to have certain difference with environmental factors such as the soil of planting-site, water and soil, illumination, air vegetatively, even widely different.Publish according to the Henan education publishing house, and the 58th page of narration of " Hundred Thousand Whys plant wonder " book of Hu Xiaolin, Xia Mosheng chief editor " plant growth is in somewhere ... its morphosis, physiological function have adapted to local weather, soil.If plant is moved on to the place that another weather, soil environment differ greatly, plant is like a fish out of water and dead, though have not dead, also can cause the obstacle of different developmental phases." trees grow vegetatively former, its form, physiological function have adapted to former environment vegetatively, plant the back since the variation of environmental factor growing of trees affected.Trees are transplanted and will take certain measure in view of the foregoing, make the physiological status behind the transplanting tree return to the best, to adapt to new environment, guarantee survival rate.
Transplant arbor class tree, be the preliminary stage of growing in arboreal growth best period.In other words preferably the tree in sapling stage or the age of tree are tree below 1～2 year or the trunk diameter tree less than 10～20cm to the object of Yi Zaiing.Be in the tree in earlier growth stage, the quantity of root is less relatively in the root system, and the extension size of root is short; When taking, also few to the damage of root, the trunk size is little, in light weight, when moving transportation, safeguards that easily positions such as trunk, branch, tree root are easy damaged not; The tree root regeneration capacity is strong, and the branch germinating capacity is strong, adapts to new environment easily.Big tree is meant that the age of tree surpasses 10 years, or trunk diameter comprises bearing tree greater than the arbor class tree of 15～20cm, and in other words, big tree promptly is in the tree in trees late growing stage stage.Transplant the big tree of arbor class, relatively difficulty should be taked special measure and method.Its reason is as follows:
The first, more perfect because of its root system development, the radical amount is many, the Root Distribution zone is wideer, and the root system of trees partly substantially exceeds acrial part, can not keep all or most of root, big to the root system damage, influenced ability and the speed of root significantly from soil absorption moisture and nutrient.
The second, the tree body is bigger, and trees are to keep the respiration that its own existence is carried out, and the energy of consumption is big, and nutrient is many, and trees also will carry out transpiration in addition, consume a large amount of moisture.And trees are before excavate transplant survival, even arrive once more the significant period of time that normal growth is grown, tree root absorbs nutrient and amount of moisture and is not enough to guarantee that trees keep the amount of nutrient that self life consumes and moisture from soil, make trees be in " hunger " state.If trees are in " hunger " state for a long time, growing of trees will be affected, even dead.
Three, the trees size is big, and trunk weight is big, and difficulty is moved and transported to trees.When trees move and transport, position subject to damage such as trunk, branch, tree root.Bark to cambium is distributed with numerous nutrient transfer passages, and the nutrients that trees photosynthesis causes mainly is to be transported to parts such as trunk, tree root by this passage, needs for plant respiration.If bark damaged, wherein the nutriment transfer passage of Fen Buing also can be impaired, will influence the conveying of the synthetic nutriment of trees photosynthesis, make position such as tree root can not get sufficient nutrient, satisfy the needs of the vital movement of self cell, the nutriment that time has been grown the original storage of root system is exhausted, root will retarded growth even is slowly die, therefore the branches and leaves of acrial part also can not get sufficient liquid manure, photosynthesis, respiration are partially or completely destroyed, and cause whole strain development of plants bad or dead at last.
In the prior art, the method for transplant big tree is the most frequently used the soil grafting that sticks together, and when promptly taking trees, near root the root pocket and near the earth the tree stump take in the lump, and trees band Tu Tuo is transplanted.One of principle of this trasplanting method is near the root the tree stump, comprises that the root hair exempts from destruction, and after guaranteeing transplanting tree, tree root can normally absorb arboreal growth and grow metabolic required moisture and nutrient.Two of principle is that trees band Tu Tuo transplants, and the soil environment that tree root grows changes not obvious change gradually in other words, has reduced soil environment and has changed the influence that arboreal growth is grown.Transplant the trees time-proven for many years through the applicant, the soil method for transplanting that sticks together has following shortcoming:
1, in transportation, Tu Tuo damages easily.After Tu Tuo damaged, is scattered, the root, the particularly subject to severe risks of damage of root hair of Tu Tuo part caused trees death easily.
2, trees bands Tu Tuo has increased the weight of moving transportation and the occupation of land size of trees, simultaneously in order to protect Tu Tuo to be without prejudice, give trees transportation, move and brought many inconvenience, the cost height that transportation is moved.It for 6 meters of the height of trees after trunk diameter 60cm, the lopping, branch stretched dimensions 3 meters big tree, the lengthening lorry of 5000kg load-carrying can only load and transport 1,400 yuan of per hundred km freight charges, and the moving of process such as getting on the bus, unload of trees can only be used crane, by current market price, moving charge is 3600 yuan.Transportation range is by 100 kilometers calculating, and every tree is moved, traffic expense is 4000 yuan.
China's patent documentation discloses a kind of with the root that pour water-bankets-open up-fill out the method that loosened soil is the transplanting naked root tree of characteristics, and the patent No. is 94103400.3.The concrete operations step of this method is as follows:
(1) plants preceding preparation
(1.1) the preceding tree root of pouring water of having stopped more than 1 month of tree digging, behind the selected tree, at similar trunk sunny slope, liftoff equal-height position is made a mark, distinguishes male and female face and the foundation of the depth of banketing during in order to cultivation, during the fortune tree, does not hinder root or hinders root as far as possible less.Heat is planted broad-leaved tree, in advance trimming leaf.
(1.2) loosened soil is loess and the foundry loam soil that is broken into the loose grogs of 1～5mm; Can be sandy soil or humus soil, humus soil must be removed the wherein above deadwood of 5mm; Also can be by 10～50% sandy soil and the loess of 1～5mm or the composite soil that clay particle is formed.
(13) dig pit, terminal each wide dark 20～30cm when being sandy soil, can omit darker with transplanting around the breadth depth ratio tree root in hole.
(2) transplant
(2.1) pour water: fill half effluent,, can irritate the water in 4/5 hole as antecedent soil moisture.
(2.2) fill out hack, after water has permeated, fill out the thick hack of 20～30cm.
(2.3) will transplant the root of tree, exhibition is placed on the hack, and sets upright, and can fill out a small amount of loosened soil, and with fixing trunk, loosened soil is not clapped, do not pressed.
(2.4) pour water for the second time, water is gone into from an angular flux in hole, 1/2 place of the irrigation quantity control water surface between native face and ground.
(2.5) fill out loosened soil, needless to say water oozes down and inserts loosened soil immediately, and the back is peripheral around the elder generation of banketing, and gradually inwardly fills out, and last suitable trunk is filled out loosened soil, slightly exceeds the mound of original soil seal 5～10cm in the middle of forming.
(3) management
(3.1) loosen the soil, after 2～4 days, loosen the soil for the first time, scarifying method is outer dark interior shallow, the few pine in nearly trunk place or not loose.Transplant in 1 year, after heavy rain, heavy rain are poured water, must loosen the soil, described can be the narrow slit that digs wide a 2～3cm, dark 20～30cm along pit edge outward deeply.
(3.2) pour water, when the dried 15～20cm of pit edge soil was dark, in hole inward flange ditching, ditch was outer shallow in dark, not hinder root degree of being, water can be irritated down along one jiao, gradually overflow and full ditch, mound in not having, irritated water after, soil is covered flat, soil is not clapped pressure.
(3.3) fertilising after tree survives, is applied fertilizer in the pit edge ditch, covers grading with soil after finishing and does not clap pressure.When the soil of transplanting tree soil is sandy soil or humus soil, can save (2.1) and pour water for the first time, pour water later on and can pour water around tree, also can spray water.
The method of an above-mentioned transplanting big tree of root comes down to avoid to plant in the processes of trees as far as possible, the damage tree root simultaneously, keeps the amount of water and the ventilation of the soil of tree root distributed areas, help like this adapting to new environment as early as possible behind the transplanting tree, but this method also has certain limitation.
One, this method want root to hinder can not be too big, hinders the root rate and be less than 10%～30%.Transplant tree in other words from former when taking vegetatively, most of root of transplanting tree will be retained in the pocket portion of tree.This way for the age of tree little or root system do not grow perfect, the regional little tree ratio of Root Distribution as yet and be easier to accomplish, and bigger for the age of tree, or root system development is more perfect, the tree of Root Distribution zone broad just is difficult to accomplish.
Its two, facts have proved that for big tree, refer to set the trunk diameter and surpass the arbor class tree in 10 years greater than the 15～20cm or the age of tree, after trees were planted to and transplant ground, because of its root system is subjected to heavy damage, root system adapted to new soil environment again for some time.At this moment, moisture content and nutrient that root system absorbs from soil are limited, and trees are to keep its vital movement to need to consume a large amount of moisture and oxygen branch, if consumption greater than this situation of absorptive amount, just causes the trees depauperation easily, in addition dead.Therefore, the method for above-mentioned transplanting naked root tree does not fit into yet and transplants big tree.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of transplanting big trees with bare root, this method transplant that the age of tree surpassed 10 years or trunk diameter greater than the big tree of arbor class of 15～20cm, the survival rate height exempts to be with Tu Tuo during transplanting, the transportation of trees, move conveniently, solved the problem of transplanting big tree difficulty for a long time.
In order to achieve the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is following design:
A kind of method for transplanting big trees with bare root is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps at least
(1), trees takes
Trees are taken out from former vegetatively, select summer cloudy day or rainy day or fine afternoon or fine morning to take;
(2), the pruning of trees
After trees take vegetatively from former, keep root disengaging soil, to prune as early as possible, pruning prunes away according to partial tree trunk, branch, the leaf of planting requirement with the tree crown position;
(3), carrying
After trees took, in time carrying properly protected in the handling process, avoided the trees damage as far as possible; During dry weather, carry out the work of preserving moisture;
(4), the preceding preparation of planting
(4.1) dig pit
According to size, the shape of tree stump portion reservation root stretched dimensions, scrape out than the wide 10～20cm of tree stump reservation root stretched dimensions, the planting pit of dark 10～20cm at planting-site;
(4.2) second pruning
In handling process, injured root, branch cut off near the region of interest the wound with trees;
(4.3) preliminary treatment before planting
Wound location is pruned at positions such as the trunk of trees, branch, tree root, with the disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate of 8000～10000 times of dilute with waters by weight; After the sterilization, diameter is pruned wound location greater than branch, the trunk of 2～3cm, with fresh loess coating, adds the plastic sheeting for farm use wrapping; After the sterilization, tree root with root-inducing powder, superphosphate, yellow soil with the ratio of 1g: 8kg: 50kg or with root-inducing powder, calcium magnesium phosphorus, yellow soil with the ratio of 1g: 10kg: 50kg add an amount of water mixed stir into can just free-pouring mud evenly water the clip of repairing all over all roots, particularly root;
(5), plant
After tree stump portion put into planting pit, tree is set upright, cover tree root with fresh yellow soil, the native country when heap is digged pit again, watering at last makes the free settling of banketing, and bankets to be not less than the original soil seal at least;
(6) transplant big final-period management of setting
(6.1) spring, naked final-period management of transplanting big tree in autumn
The big tree of bare root transplanting, tree trunk nexine straw, skin is wrapped up with plastic sheeting for farm use;
(6.2) naked final-period management of transplanting big tree in winter
The above branch of the big tree trunk of naked transplanting in winter and diameter 5cm is wrapped up with the mode of lining straw, outer plastic sheeting for farm use, and the branch of diameter 2～5cm is then wrapped up with plastic sheeting for farm use; Except that trunk, the binder on the branch is all removed before arriving first summer;
(6.3) naked final-period management of transplanting big tree in summer
The big tree of naked transplanting in summer, the tree trunk bandages with lining straw, outer plastic sheeting for farm use, and outermost wraps one deck sunshade net again; The sunshade wall is installed in west in tree;
(7), draining, prevention waterlogging
First rainy season, rain when concentrating, near tree stump portion, excavate the drain ditch, the ponding that is trapped in tree stump portion is drained.
Described a kind of method for transplanting big trees with bare root is characterized in that: during transplanting, tree is set upright by original growth orientation, banket.
Described a kind of method for transplanting big trees with bare root, it is characterized in that: the trees of, leaf atrophy bad for the trees growing way, after tree has sent out young leaves, temperature is above 28 ℃, to the transfusion of tree body, transfusion part is the xylem of trunk, and the nutrient solution of transfusion usefulness is prepared by 97%, 1%, 2% part by weight by water, urea, superphosphate; Transfusion is carried out with the order of 2 clear water, 1 nutrient solution; By the each transfusion of tree body size 1～2kg, 5～10 days is one-period, and each all after date carried out next cycle at interval in 3～5 days again.
Described a kind of big tree root transplanting method is characterized in that: whether before surviving, it is dry to observe near the soil of tree stump portion at any time, finds that near the antecedent soil moisture the tree stump portion in time waters sufficient water, with near the ground moistening the maintenance tree stump portion; After entering first summer, leaf is had the trees of atrophy situation, to positions such as trunk, branch, leaves with the sprayer water spray once, it is normal to continue to the trees growing way before each fine sunset.
Described a kind of method for transplanting big trees with bare root is characterized in that: when taking, and the reserve part tree root, the tree root that retains is connected with tree stump is complete, is spheroidal in tree stump portion and distributes; The tree root length that keeps and the proportionate relationship of trunk diameter are 3～1: 1.
Described a kind of method for transplanting big trees with bare root is characterized in that: highly surpass the tree of 4～5m, install windproof.
Big tree of the present invention is meant that trunk diameter surpasses the arbor trees in 10 years greater than the 15～20cm or the age of tree.
Root-inducing powder used in the present invention is meant the root-inducing powder that plantation, cultivation forest are used, and is a kind of compound that promotes tree root regeneration." fork is than the base of a fruit " produced as forest-science academy, Beijing research institute claims " ABT " again, is a kind of high-efficiency broad spectrum root-inducing promoter, can promote plant establishment.
Yellow soil of the present invention is meant the loess that loess formation 30cm is following, and the yellow soil soil property is purer, and pathogenic bacteria content is few.
The metabolism of carrying out in the arboreal growth growth course comprises two aspects substantially.On the one hand, trees must be accepted illumination, carry out photosynthesis.In leaf, make nutriment, luminous energy is housed in the nutriment.Tree root absorbs nutriment such as mineral salt and moisture from soil simultaneously.This two parts nutriment provides food for growing of trees.On the other hand, in the process that arboreal growth is grown, also must constantly carry out respiration, consume nutriment, release energy, the needs of vital movements such as the growth of confession plant, growth.In addition, leaf is ceaselessly carrying out transpiration, the moisture loss in the plant corpus in air.The method of transplanting big trees with bare root of the present invention, principle is to reduce the moisture nutriment and the energy consumption of transplanting trees, recover the particularly physiological function of tree root of each tissue of trees, organ as early as possible, in particular cases, even, satisfy the needs that the trees physiological function is recovered, grown for trees keep the skin wet, nutriment and energy to be to keep the existence of trees.
Take when transplanting tree, at first do mark, transport to when transplanting ground so that transplant tree in the side of tree, still can be by the orientation field planting of former growth.Like this, can shorten the time that trees shake down effectively, help transplanting surviving of tree.
When taking, generally will keep a part of tree root, the tree root that retains distributes in the similar ball shape of tree stump, when helping root regeneration, along soil region distribution uniformly.The tree root length that keeps is that 1～3 times of trunk diameter satisfies the needs that the transplanting tree survives.After taking, knock out the earth of root.When taking trees and knocking out the earth of root, notice that accomplish to keep root hinders skin, does not ftracture, do not fracture as far as possible less.The root system of trees had both played the effect that absorbs the nutrient in the soil, played the effect that the nutrient that will absorb is transported to positions such as trunk, branch again.Behind the root skin cracking, moisture and salinity are easily lost from wound site; The synthetic material of photosynthesis can not unimpededly be transported to the tree root in wound location downstream, makes the tree tree root nutriment of downstream portion under-supply, causes this part root development bad, even dead.Behind root fracture or the cracking, the xylem of tree root is impaired, and the moisture that the tree root in wound location downstream absorbs from soil, nutriment can not normally up be delivered to the acrial part of trees along the xylem of tree root.
Publish according to the Henan education publishing house, the 65th page of narration of " Hundred Thousand Whys plant wonder " book of Hu Xiaolin, Xia Mosheng chief editor " under normal circumstances; the respiration of plant just can be kept normal growth greater than photosynthesis; but under hot conditions; the respiration of plant is greater than photosynthesis; consumption storage nutriment that will be a large amount of, and the time is of a specified duration excessively, and hunger even death will appear in plant.High temperature also can suppress the generation of nitride in the plant corpus, too much will cause ammonia poisoning by the ammonia accumulation of root absorption; Protein in the plant corpus is the meeting sex change under hot conditions, thereby influences the growth of plant.... most of plants can be by the transpiration of blade, and the moisture in a large amount of evaporation bodies suppresses or delay the rising of self temperature." summer temperature is higher; trees are metabolic to speed up; nutriment and water consumption speed in the trees body are fast; take trees so will select to help to reduce the time of trees consumption; such as cloudy day or rainy day or fine morning or fine afternoon; after trees take, and lopping as early as possible, defoliation prevent that trees are because of the transpiration moisture in the body that scatters and disappears.Will be on time before transplanting to processings of preserving moisture of positions such as trunk, tree root, branch, and do not having sunlit the time as early as possible, such as morning, afternoon, cloudy day or rainy day with being transported to transplanting.
Take vegetatively from former when transplanting tree, after the reservation root breaks away from original root system and soil, should cut branches and leaves as early as possible, avoid the sheared-off part branches and leaves because of metabolic moisture and the nutrient that consumes in the tree body.
After the transplanting tree takes, should in time carry, shortening takes trees to the time between planting as far as possible, and this time generally was controlled in 1～2 day.When the tree after if the tree after taking will transport for long-distance or dig can not in time be transported, should carry out the work of preserving moisture of transplanting tree, to reduce the forfeiture of trees moisture or nutrient.When getting on and off, care should be used to loading and unloading are accomplished with light packsly gently to unload, and reduce when getting on and off, to the damage at positions such as trunk, bark, branch, tree root as far as possible.Otherwise moisture and nutrient in the trees can be lost by wound location.
Before planting, keep size, the shape of root stretched dimensions according to tree stump, scrape out the planting pit that keeps the big 10～20cm of root stretched dimensions, dark 10～20cm than tree stump at planting-site, like this, when being easier to guarantee to banket, tree root still keeps extended configuration.
Before planting, injured branch and tree root in the tree handling process pruned away, with the forfeiture that reduces moisture with prevent rotting of root.To the sheared edge position of the trunk of transplanting tree, branch, tree root disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate with 8000～10000 times of dilute with waters by weight, liquor potassic permanganate has very strong sterilization, disinfective action, can kill limb sheared edge place noxious bacteria effectively, prevent of the erosion of harmful bacterium the sheared edge place.At trunk, diameter is the sheared edge place of the above branch of 2～3cm, after the sterilization, with fresh loess coating, adds the plastic sheeting for farm use wrapping.After the tree root sterilization, use root-inducing powder 1g, superphosphate 8kg or calcium magnesium phosphorus composite fertilizer 10kg, yellow soil 50kg adds water and is stirred into mud in right amount, and the amount that adds water is when watering mud grouting, and mud just free-flow is as the criterion.Mud is evenly watered the sheared edge of time all roots, particularly root with spoon.
When planting, tree is set upright by original orientation, tree root is launched, cover tree root with fresh yellow soil, make yellow soil tamp the native country that heap is digged pit and dug out again, watering at last makes the free settling of banketing, and can avoid tree root so as far as possible, and particularly the root hair is injured.Guarantee that again tree root closely contacts with soil, helps the regeneration of tree root.When planting, highly surpass the tree of 4m, protective frame is installed, in case strong wind blows down trees.
Be autumn and spring the preferably season that big trees with bare root is transplanted, and winter and summer are poor.Because different seasons, the weather difference, for the tree survival rate after guaranteeing to plant, the big tree after naked transplanting will be according to taking different control measures different seasons.
Naked final-period management of transplanting big tree in spring
After naked root tree was planted, trees trunk nexine was wrapped up with straw, the outer agripast film of using.Many, the temperature of rainwater in spring is warm, moistening, relatively is fit to transplant surviving of tree.To enter hot summer but cross spring, the sunshine time in summer is long, the temperature height, and precipitation is inhomogeneous, and vital movements such as the transpiration of trees, respiration are more vigorous, need to consume a large amount of moisture and nutrients in the trees body.And this moment, it is perfect that the root system of big tree is not grown as yet, and nutrient that big tree draws from soil and water deficient are to replenish moisture and the nutrient that its vital movement consumes.When trees are in this state that supply falls short of demand for a long time, just cause the depauperation of the trees of planting easily, in addition dead, be lowered into motility rate.Therefore the wrapping protection of straw, outer plastic sheeting for farm use in bare-rooted planting reply in spring trunk is carried out.
The final-period management of the big tree of bare root transplanting in summer
The big tree of naked transplanting in summer, tree trunk nexine bandages with plastic film for agricultural use with straw, skin, and outermost wraps one deck shade net again, shines directly on the tree to prevent sunlight.The upright leader that simultaneously shelters from heat or light in the west of tree, the leader that shelters from heat or light is than the high 0.5m of the height of tree, than the wide 5.0～1m of branch elongation width, with the direct irradiation of the further minimizing sun to tree.Prevent that temperature is too high in the trees body, avoid trees moisture to scatter and disappear, slow down the speed that the tree body heats up, lowers the temperature from bark.
The final-period management of the big tree of bare root transplanting in autumn
Later be exactly cold winter autumn.The tree that transplant autumn, to winter, the physiological function of tree does not also have fully to be recovered.Trees opposings is cold, the ability of the temperature difference and unfavorable factors such as solar irradiation and damage by disease and insect a little less than.Therefore, the wrapping protection of straw, outer plastic sheeting for farm use in the big tree reply tree trunk of naked transplanting in autumn is carried out.Like this, help trees time insulation in the winter time, reduce the temperature difference in tree body daytime and evening, prevent from that insect lays eggs at the beginning of the winter after autumn to pass the winter in the middle of the crack of bark.
The final-period management of the big tree of bare root transplanting in winter
Winter temperature is lower, and day and night temperature is big sometimes, and branch is in the winter time a little less than the germinating capacity.Therefore, the big tree of naked transplanting in winter, the above limb of trunk and diameter 5cm is wrapped up with lining straw, outer plastic film for agricultural use, and the limb of diameter 2～5cm is then wrapped up with plastic film for agricultural use.Except that the binder that tree is set the trunk on the big or small limb is all removed before arriving first summer, so as not to the sprouting that send at the branch position of suffocating with avoid the high temperature branch of burning.
The big tree of bare root transplanting is whatsoever transplanted season, and whether observe near the soil of tree stump portion before surviving at any time dry, find in time to water sufficient water behind near the antecedent soil moisture of tree stump portion, to keep near soil the moistening tree stump, guarantee that trees survive, nutrient and moisture that tree root regeneration is required.
After entering summer, to the big tree of spring and autumn last year, naked transplanting in winter then, if find leaf atrophy, the bad trees of growing way, positions such as each fine sunset forward direction trunk, branch, leaf with the sprayer water spray once recover normal until the trees growing way.Bad for the trees growing way, leaf has the big tree of atrophy phenomenon, and after tree had sent out new branches and leaves, temperature reached more than 28 ℃, and dry weather under the sunny situation, is infused to the tree body, and the method for transfusion is: 1, infusion bottle is hung upside down on trunk.2, boring a diameter with card punch or iron nail on trunk is the hole that 2～5mm reaches the trunk xylem.3, with the xylem of woven hose or medical infusion cushion in-tree cadre position, infuse, the nutrient solution of transfusion usefulness is prepared by 97%, 1%, 2% part by weight by water, urea, superphosphate.By tree body size, the each transfusion of every strain 1～2kg.Infuse 5～10 days be one-period, each all after date carried out the next cycle transfusion at interval in 3～5 days again.Transfusion is undertaken by the order of 1 nutrient solution of 2 clear water.Slow or the trunk diameter of less-developed or germinating capacity difference or speed of germination surpasses the especially big tree of 35～40cm or the tree of overage tree or water-deficient area bare root transplanting to root system, when temperature is higher, looks the growing state of trees and will infuse or spray water.
Drainage waterlogging prevention
First rainy season of naked transplanting, rain when concentrating, near tree stump, excavate the drain ditch, so that will be trapped in the ponding of tree stump portion discharges, guarantee the optimum moisture content of the soil of tree root pastern position, so both helped the regeneration of root system and the growth of trees, and helped tree root again and too much rot because of soil moisture.
Method for transplanting big trees with bare root of the present invention, be suitable for trunk diameter and surpass 15～20m or the arbor class of the age of tree above 10 years, obvious for the trees main root, the rootlet prosperity, the regeneration power of root is stronger, after trunk, branch pruning fell, the ability of sprouting sprouting Pinaceae, Theaceae trees preferably also was fit to the method for the invention.
Embodiment
Example 1
Transplant object: wild sweet osmanthus tree, vegetatively former: Luo Jia mountain, Yizhang, Hunan
Planting-site: the Yizhang, Hunan, plant the time: February calendar year 2001
Quantity: 370, trunk diameter: 10～40cm,
Set former height: the height of tree after 4～8m lopping: 2.5～6m
Keeping root is 3～1: 1 with the trunk diameter ratio
After taking,, the partial tree trunk at tree crown position, branch, leaf etc. are pruned away according to size, the planting requirement of trees.370 trees divide 10 cars to be transported to planting-site with 2.5 tons of agricultural vehicles, and every tree is no more than 48 hours from taking to finish to transplanting.Trees from taking to planting during this period of time the end do the work of preserving moisture.After trees take, immediately in accordance with regulations require lopping, defoliation.Before planting, with trees transportations, move root injured in the process, branch cuts off near the region of interest the wound; The pruning wound at positions such as the trunk of trees, branch is pruned the oral area position greater than the branch trunk of 2～3cm and is applied with fresh yellow soil with the disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate that dilutes 8000～10000 times by weight, diameter, adds the plastic film for agricultural use wrapping.Add the mixed clip of repairing that can just free-pouring mud evenly waters all over all roots, particularly root that stirs into of an amount of water with root-inducing powder, superphosphate, yellow soil with the ratio of 1g: 8kg: 50kg.Trunk diameter surpasses 30cm, the height of tree is played the power frame firmly above the big tree of 4m with bamboo pole, in case strong wind.Because of the trees planting-site is the hillside, ground does not have the ponding condition, thereby drainage trenching not.Begin long sprouting April calendar year 2001, summer, sprouting grew up to shoot then, the long 8～10cm of shoot.On April 20th, 2002 observed, long again sprouting 10～15cm on the shoot basis before year.Calendar year 2001s 7 month temperature surpass 28 ℃, the big tree of 5 trunk diameters at 35～40cm wherein arranged, when atrophy appears in leaf, the transfusion of taking measures at once.Transfusion is undertaken by the order of twice clear water, one time of nutrition liquid, amount of infusion is 2～3 kilograms of every days, to the transfusion of tree body, transfusion part is the xylem of trunk, the nutrient solution of transfusion usefulness is prepared by 97%, 1%, 2% part by weight by water, urea, superphosphate, transfusion continued for 1 week, and arboreal growth stops transfusion after recovering normally.Calendar year 2001s 7 month temperature surpass 28 ℃, the big tree of 8 trunk diameters about 35cm wherein arranged, when atrophy appears in leaf, each fine sunset forward direction trunk, branch, leaf are with the sprayer water spray once, continue 10 days, the trees growing way stops water spray after recovering normally.To in April, 2002,370 trees survive 360 altogether, and survival rate reaches 97.3%.
Example 2
Transplant object: wild elm, vegetatively former: Lechang, Guangdong peace is enclosed
Planting-site: Chenzhou City Huang Xian mountain range, Hunan, plant the time: on June 30th, 2000,
Quantity: 10, trunk diameter: 10～15cm,
Set former height: 5～6m, the height of tree after the lopping: 3～4m,
Keeping root is 3～1: 1 with the trunk diameter ratio
After taking,, the partial tree trunk at tree crown position, branch, leaf, tree root etc. are pruned away according to size, the planting requirement of trees.Trees ' root waters time with yellow mud mud, and with wet gunnysack wrapping, after the entrucking, trees cover with straw, snakeskin bagging from top to bottom.10 trees are transported to planting-site with 3.5 tons of agricultural vehicle 1 cars, and every tree is no more than 36 hours from taking to finish to transplanting.Before planting, trees are transported, move in the process, injured root, branch cut off near the region of interest the wound; The pruning wound at positions such as the trunk of trees, branch is pruned the oral area position and is applied with fresh yellow soil greater than branch, the trunk of 2～3cm with the disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate that dilutes 8000～10000 times by weight, diameter, adds the plastic film for agricultural use wrapping.Add the mixed clip of repairing that can just free-pouring mud evenly waters all over all roots, particularly root that stirs into of an amount of water with root-inducing powder, superphosphate, yellow soil with the ratio of 1g: 8kg: 50kg.Tree trunk nexine straw, skin bandages with plastic sheeting for farm use, and outermost wraps one deck sunshade net again; The wall that shelters from heat or light is installed in west in tree.When temperature surpasses 28 ℃ then, in time observe the upgrowth situation of trees, when atrophy appearred in leaf, each fine sunset forward direction trunk, branch, leaf with the sprayer water spray once continued to the trees growing way and recover normal.Rainy timely ditching draining.Begin long sprouting, stool 5～10cm then in August, 2000.Observe February calendar year 2001, grew sprouting 5～10cm in the year before last again on the shoot basis.To in April, 2002,10 trees survive 10 altogether, and survival rate reaches 100%.
Example 3
Transplant object: wild bayverry, vegetatively former: the Yizhang, Hunan
Planting-site: the Yizhang, Hunan, plant the time: October nineteen ninety-five
Quantity: 5, trunk diameter: 13～18cm,
Set former height: the height of tree after 4～5m lopping: 3～4m
Keeping root is 3～1: 1 with the trunk diameter ratio
After taking,, the partial tree trunk at tree crown position, branch, leaf etc. are pruned away according to size, the planting requirement of trees.Every tree is no more than 24 hours from taking to finish to transplanting.Trees are not cooked the work of preserving moisture during this period of time from taking to planting.Before trees are planted, trees are transported, move in the process, injured root, branch cut off near the region of interest the wound; The pruning wound at positions such as the trunk of trees, branch is pruned the oral area position greater than the branch trunk of 2～3cm and is applied with fresh yellow soil with the disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate that dilutes 8000～10000 times by weight, diameter, adds the plastic film for agricultural use wrapping.Add the mixed clip of repairing that can just free-pouring mud evenly waters all over all roots, particularly root that stirs into of an amount of water with root-inducing powder, superphosphate, yellow soil with the ratio of 1g: 8kg: 50kg.When raining, the ditching draining.Begin long sprouting in March, 1996, then about stool 15cm.Spring in 1997, summer respectively germinate once, then long shoot 50cm.Sell 4 in December, 1997, stays 1 3m that now grows tall.Transplant 5 wild bayverries, survive 5, survival rate reaches 100%.
Example 4
Transplant object: wild red Loropetalum wood, survive the white Loropetalum wood of back grafting,
Vegetatively former: Yizhang, Hunan planting-site: the Yizhang, Hunan,
Plant the time: in December, 1998 quantity: 20,
Trunk diameter: 20～25cm sets former height: 6～7m,
The height of tree after the lopping: 2.5m, keeping root is 3～1: 1 with the trunk diameter ratio
After red Loropetalum wood takes,, the partial tree trunk at tree crown position, branch, leaf etc. are pruned away according to size, the planting requirement of trees.Trees are finished and are no more than 48 hours from planting transplanting.Trees are not cooked the work of preserving moisture during this period of time from taking to planting.Before trees are planted, trees are transported, move in the process, injured root, branch cut off near the region of interest the wound; The pruning wound at positions such as the trunk of trees, branch, tree root is pruned the oral area position greater than the branch trunk of 2～3cm and is applied with fresh yellow soil with the disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate that dilutes 8000～10000 times by weight, diameter, adds the plastic film for agricultural use wrapping.Add the mixed clip of repairing that can just free-pouring mud evenly waters all over all roots, particularly root that stirs into of an amount of water with root-inducing powder, superphosphate, yellow soil with the ratio of 1g: 8kg: 50kg.Continuous a few it rains, the ditching draining.Begin long sprouting in March, 1999, at this moment, the sprouting of erasing, the red Loropetalum wood of skin zone's grafting branch, grafted branch stool then.In April, 2002, formed tangible tree crown shape.20 trees survive 19 altogether, and survival rate reaches 95%.
Example 5
Transplant object: wild camellia tree, vegetatively former: the Yizhang, Hunan
Planting-site: the Yizhang, Hunan, plant the time: in January, 2000
Quantity: 30, trunk diameter: 6～8cm,
Set former height: the height of tree after 2～2.5m lopping: 1.5～2.0m
Keeping root is 3: 1 with the trunk diameter ratio
After taking,, the partial tree trunk at tree crown position, branch, leaf etc. are pruned away according to size, the planting requirement of trees.Every tree is no more than 48 hours from taking to finish to transplanting.Trees are not cooked the work of preserving moisture during this period of time from taking to planting.Before trees are planted, trees are transported, move in the process, injured root, branch cut off near the region of interest the wound; The pruning wound at positions such as the trunk of trees, branch is pruned the oral area position greater than the branch trunk of 2～3cm and is applied with fresh yellow soil with the disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate that dilutes 8000～10000 times by weight, diameter, adds the plastic film for agricultural use wrapping.Add the mixed clip of repairing that can just free-pouring mud evenly waters all over all roots, particularly root that stirs into of an amount of water with root-inducing powder, calcium magnesium phosphorus, yellow soil with the ratio of 1g: 10kg: 50kg.Ditching draining in rainy season.Begin long sprouting, stool 15～20cm then in March, 2000.Open a spot of camellia March calendar year 2001.Beta pruning in June calendar year 2001 spheroiding.In April, 2002 is to grow up to ball-type preferably.Transplant 30 camellias and survive 28, survival rate reaches 93%.
Example 6
Transplant object: wild sweet osmanthus tree, vegetatively former: the Linwu, Hunan
Planting-site: suburbs, Chenzhou, Hunan, plant the time: December 24 calendar year 2001
Quantity: 1, trunk diameter: 65cm,
Set former height: the 9m age of tree: 100 years
The height of tree after the lopping: 6m
Keeping root is 1: 1 with the trunk diameter ratio
After taking,, the partial tree trunk at tree crown position, branch, leaf etc. are pruned away according to size, the planting requirement of trees.To finish to transplanting be 48 hours to this tree from taking.Before trees are planted, trees are transported, move in the process, injured root, branch cut off near the region of interest the wound; The pruning wound at positions such as the trunk of trees, branch is pruned the oral area position greater than the branch trunk of 2～3cm and is applied with fresh yellow soil with the disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate that dilutes 8000～10000 times by weight, diameter, adds the plastic film for agricultural use wrapping.Add the mixed clip of repairing that can just free-pouring mud evenly waters all over all roots, particularly root that stirs into of an amount of water with root-inducing powder, superphosphate, yellow soil with the ratio of 1g: 8kg: 50kg.Begin long sprouting 10～15cm April calendar year 2001.
Example 7
Transplant object: the nursery planting cdear, vegetatively former: the Yizhang, Hunan
Planting-site: suburbs, Chenzhou, Hunan, plant the time: in October, 2000
Quantity: 100, trunk diameter: 5-6cm,
Set former height: the 2m age of tree: 5 years
Lopping reservation root is not 2: 1 with the trunk diameter ratio
After taking, trees are 48 hours from planting that transplanting finishes.Before planting, trees are transported, move in the process, injured root, branch cut off near the region of interest the wound; The pruning wound at positions such as the trunk of trees, branch is pruned the oral area position greater than the branch trunk of 2～3cm and is applied with fresh yellow soil with the disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate that dilutes 8000～10000 times by weight, diameter, adds the plastic film for agricultural use wrapping.Add the mixed clip of repairing that can just free-pouring mud evenly waters all over all roots, particularly root that stirs into of an amount of water with root-inducing powder, superphosphate, yellow soil with the ratio of 1g: 8kg: 50kg.Begin long sprouting 10cm April calendar year 2001.Grow sprouting 15cm in April, 2002 again.100 cdears survive 95, survival rate 95%.
Example 8-17 sees the following form
| Sequence number | Plant the time | Vegetatively former | Title | The age of tree | Set former high m | Height of tree m after the lopping | Trunk diameter cm | Planting number () | Survive quantity () | Growing state |
| 8 | In October, 00 | The nursery | Chinese yew | 5 | 2 | Not lopping | 5-8 | 60 | 58 | 01 year long shoot 25cm.02 year stool 30cm again. |
| 9 | In January, 02 | The nursery | The silver China fir | 6 | 1.3 | Not lopping | 3-5 | 10 | 10 | Grow sprouting 8-10cm in April, 02 |
| 10 | In November, 01 | Wild | Gold leaf with a smile | 15 | 9-11 | 4.5 | 10-26 | 1700 | 1600 | In April, 02 long 2-3cm sprouting |
| 11 | In December, 01 | Wild | Fructus Manglietiae insignis | 20-30 | 6 | 4.5 | 15-26 | 200 | 180 | |
| 12 | In January, 95 | Wild | Chinese catalpa | 6-20 | 4-10 | 2-6 | 10-40 | 37 | 35 | In April, 95 long 10cm sprouting.96 years stool 50cm.97 years stool 1m. |
| 13 | In January, 95 | Wild | Cloudy fragrant | 6-20 | 3-6 | 2-4 | 8-20 | 30 | 28 | |
| 14 | In January, 02 | Wild | Eucalyptus | 15 | 6 | 5 | 15-18 | 8 | 8 | In April, 02 long 2-3cm sprouting |
| 15 | In September, 96 | The nursery | Podocarpus | 10 | 3 | Not lopping | 5-8 | 7 | 7 | Germinate in April, 97, and grow tall 1 meter in April, 02. |
| 16 | In December, 01 | Wild | Podocarpus nagi | 15-20 | 8-9 | 5-6 | 18-22 | 11 | 10 | In April, 02 long 1cm left and right sides sprouting. |
| 17 | In January, 02 | Wild | Elm | 10-15 | 4-5 | 3-4 | 10-15 | 11 | 11 | In April, 02 long 20cm left and right sides sprouting |
Claims (6)
1, a kind of method for transplanting big trees with bare root is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps at least
(1) trees takes
Trees are taken out from former vegetatively, select summer cloudy day or rainy day or fine afternoon or fine morning to take;
(2) pruning of trees
After trees take vegetatively from former, keep root disengaging soil, to prune as early as possible, pruning prunes away according to partial tree trunk, branch, the leaf of planting requirement with the tree crown position;
(3) carrying
After trees took, in time carrying properly protected in the handling process, avoided the trees damage as far as possible; During dry weather, carry out the work of preserving moisture;
(4) the preceding preparation of planting
(4.1) dig pit
According to size, the shape of tree stump portion reservation root stretched dimensions, scrape out than the wide 10～20cm of tree stump reservation root stretched dimensions, the planting pit of dark 10～20cm at planting-site;
(4.2) second pruning
In handling process, injured root, branch cut off near the region of interest the wound with trees;
(4.3) preliminary treatment before planting
Wound location is pruned at positions such as the trunk of trees, branch, tree root, with the disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate of 8000～10000 times of dilute with waters by weight; After the sterilization, diameter is pruned wound location greater than branch, the trunk of 2～3cm, with fresh loess coating, adds the plastic sheeting for farm use wrapping; After the sterilization, tree root with root-inducing powder, superphosphate, yellow soil with the ratio of 1g: 8kg: 50kg or with root-inducing powder, calcium magnesium phosphorus, yellow soil with the ratio of 1g: 10kg: 50kg add an amount of water mixed stir into can just free-pouring mud evenly water the clip of repairing all over all roots, particularly root;
(5) plant
After tree stump portion put into planting pit, tree is set upright, cover tree root with fresh yellow soil, the native country when heap is digged pit again, watering at last makes the free settling of banketing, and bankets to be not less than the original soil seal at least;
(6) transplant big final-period management of setting
(6.1) spring, naked final-period management of transplanting big tree in autumn
The big tree of bare root transplanting, tree trunk nexine straw, skin is wrapped up with plastic sheeting for farm use;
(6.2) naked final-period management of transplanting big tree in winter
The branch nexine straw that the big tree trunk of naked transplanting in winter and diameter 5cm are above, outer with the plastic sheeting for farm use wrapping, the branch of diameter 2～5cm is then wrapped up with plastic sheeting for farm use; Except that trunk, the binder on the branch is all removed before arriving first summer;
(6.3) naked final-period management of transplanting big tree in summer
The big tree of naked transplanting in summer, the tree trunk bandages with lining straw, outer plastic sheeting for farm use, and outermost wraps one deck sunshade net again; The sunshade wall is installed in west in tree;
(7) draining, prevention waterlogging
First rainy season, rain when concentrating, excavate the drain ditch in tree stump portion, the ponding that is trapped in tree stump portion is drained.
2, a kind of method for transplanting big trees with bare root according to claim 1 is characterized in that: during transplanting, tree is set upright by original growth orientation, banket.
3, a kind of method for transplanting big trees with bare root according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the trees of, leaf atrophy bad for the trees growing way, after tree has sent out young leaves, temperature is above 28 ℃, to the transfusion of tree body, transfusion part is the xylem of trunk, and the nutrient solution of transfusion usefulness is prepared by 97%, 1%, 2% part by weight by water, urea, superphosphate; Transfusion is carried out with the order of 2 clear water, 1 nutrient solution; By the each transfusion of tree body size 1～2kg, 5～10 days is one-period, and each all after date carried out next cycle at interval in 3～5 days again.
4, a kind of method for transplanting big trees with bare root according to claim 1 is characterized in that: whether before surviving, it is dry to observe near the soil of tree stump portion at any time, finds that near the antecedent soil moisture the tree stump portion in time waters sufficient water, with near the ground moistening the maintenance tree stump portion; After entering first summer, leaf is had the trees of atrophy situation, to positions such as trunk, branch, leaves with the sprayer water spray once, it is normal to continue to the trees growing way before each fine sunset.
5, a kind of method for transplanting big trees with bare root according to claim 1 is characterized in that: when taking, and the reserve part tree root, the tree root that retains is connected with tree stump is complete, is spheroidal in tree stump portion and distributes; The tree root length that keeps and the proportionate relationship of trunk diameter are 3～1: 1.
6, a kind of method for transplanting big trees with bare root according to claim 1 is characterized in that: highly surpass the tree of 4～5m, install windproof.
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| CN100356840C (en) * | 2005-11-24 | 2007-12-26 | 四川大学 | Tree pseudo deep planting method |
| US7726067B2 (en) | 2006-10-11 | 2010-06-01 | George Pierce Nottingham | Hydromulch root ball |
| CN101194561B (en) * | 2007-12-17 | 2010-10-20 | 四川大学 | Repeat shearing replanting method for bougainvillea glabra cuttage seedling |
| CN101253843B (en) * | 2007-12-04 | 2010-12-01 | 张苑金 | Planting method of short period regeneration raw material forest |
| CN101731118B (en) * | 2008-11-15 | 2012-06-06 | 棕榈园林股份有限公司 | Container seedling culture method of large nursery stocks |
| CN102511356A (en) * | 2011-12-26 | 2012-06-27 | 杭州市园林绿化工程有限公司 | Matured Osmanthus fragrans seedling containerization bare root transplanting method |
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| CN108184519A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-06-22 | 海南省农业科学院热带园艺研究所 | A kind of naked transplanting of Bougainvillea spectabilis timber pile promotees activating method and the Bougainvillea spectabilis timber pile of plantation |
| CN108834722A (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2018-11-20 | 贵州台金农业技术开发有限责任公司 | A kind of breeding method of cuckoo stub |
| CN108887072A (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2018-11-27 | 姚光亮 | Camellia tree method for transplanting |
| CN110463561A (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2019-11-19 | 广州搏弈园林绿化有限公司 | Arbor transplantation method |
| CN110463561B (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2021-12-03 | 广州搏弈园林绿化有限公司 | Arbor transplanting method |
| CN110679427A (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2020-01-14 | 杭州树联园艺科技有限公司 | Plant transferring and excavating method |
| CN112861206A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-28 | 重庆市工程管理有限公司 | Tree transplanting planning design method based on BIM technology |
| CN113767801A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2021-12-10 | 中国水电建设集团十五工程局有限公司 | Construction method for planting trees on hard soil slope |
| CN114303861A (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-04-12 | 武汉景天园林有限公司 | High-efficiency environment-friendly bare-root transplanting method for plant seedlings |
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