CN102511270A - Method for planting Cinnamomum camphora in north - Google Patents
Method for planting Cinnamomum camphora in north Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting Cinnamomum camphora in north. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) selecting transplanting time of Cinnamomum camphora in March to June; (2) preparing for transplanting: treating the cut roots of the root system, branches and trunk of the transplanted Cinnamomum camphora; (3) cultivating trees: cultivating, fixing and supporting, constructing watering soil weirs, watering, and building shading sheds; and (4) carrying out late maintaining: carrying out water and fertilizer management, disease, insect and pest control and frost and cold protection. The method for planting Cinnamomum camphora in north penetrates through the whole Cinnamomum camphora transplanting process; the transplanting time is controlled, and measures for quick recovery of the growth potential of the tree and winter cold protection and heating are adopted in the transplanting process, thus the cold protection and frost-resisting capability of the tree are enhanced, the survival rate of Cinnamomum camphora in north is increased, the plant diversity in north is enriched, and the method has a revelation action on the pushing application of north transplanting of south trees.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation of plants method, relate in particular to the fragrant camphor tree of a kind of south Landscape Tree Species commonly used and transplant in the north, belong to field of plant growing technology than the transplanting method of cold district.
Background technology
In the urban landscaping arbor kind of the north, except that plant varieties such as Pinaceae, Cupressaceae, Palmae, nearly all be deciduous tree, as the modern city afforestation, from before the simple species tree, progressively to this Shift of Focus of urban beautification.And one of them important symbol of beautifying is that the four seasons are evergreen, and Given this, moving northward of southern evergreen species just seems particularly important.In the plants being introduced from south to north process; Except considering objective unfavorable factors such as weather, temperature and soil, and take corresponding technical measures to remedy outside the deficiency of objective factor, on the trees kind is selected; Should strive unfavorable factor is reduced as far as possible, be advisable with the transition seeds between the north and south.
But fragrant camphor tree is generally in the outdoor cropping of areas to the south, Huaihe River, it not only the four seasons evergreen, the tree crown globulate, curve is smooth, form is mellow and full; Also the speed growth longevity, it is strong that sprout tillers upgrades power, and flue dust is had certain adaptive capacity; Its root runs into hard thing and just can stop growing, and is very little to the harm of building, is the desirable plants that residential area, scenic area and road both sides are beautified, afforested, and naturally becomes the first-selected seeds of plants being introduced from south to north.Fragrant camphor tree originates in each province on the south China Yangtze river basin, is born in low Plain, mountain more, and vertical distribution is generally between 500 meters to 600 meters of height above sea level.Be the important species in the Chinese subtropical evergreen broad leaved forest, property happiness temperature climate and fertile deep acid or neutral sandy loam, not drought-resistant barren, can be born in the glutinous earth, but avoid ponding.Like light, treelet anti-slightly half is cloudy, more needs sunlight during the prime of life.Fit the region be born in more than the average temperature of the whole year more than 16 ℃, the extreme minimum air temperature-7 ℃.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of fragrant camphor tree cultivating in northern area method; Make fragrant camphor tree can be transplanted to the northern area to the north of the Huaihe River than high latitude; Recover growth potential as early as possible, survive the winter smoothly and well grow, improve its winter protection freezing tolerance, satisfy northern area afforestation demand.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention provides a kind of fragrant camphor tree cultivating in northern area method, it is characterized in that, comprises following step:
1) selects transplanting time: transplant fragrant camphor tree and be selected in for 3-June; Planting survival rate is the highest in clear and bright front and back;
2) transplant to prepare: the root system to the fragrant camphor tree transplanted is completely cured, branch, trunk are handled;
Step 2) processing that the root system of the fragrant camphor tree of transplanting described in is completely cured may further comprise the steps: clear up the wound of being completely cured, and the wound saw is flat, smear the wound of being completely cured with weight percent concentration 0.1% methyl and wool grease mixture.
The processing of the branch of the fragrant camphor tree of transplanting step 2) may further comprise the steps: clip the most of branch on the trunk, the one-level of selecting and remain branch makes section be oblique, and smears or the thin bundle of picking a pocket with the envelope lacquer.
The processing of the trunk of the fragrant camphor tree of transplanting step 2) may further comprise the steps: trunk wraps up with straw, twines film outward, twines trunk with straw rope again.
3) trees are planted:
Plant: the native ball of the fragrant camphor tree that will transplant is put into plant pit and landfill, and native ball exposes native table 1/4;
Build the earth bank of pouring water: fragrant camphor tree is planted the back around the plant pit diameter, builds up the earth bank of pouring water of high 20-25cm;
Pour water: the fragrant camphor tree of planting was irritated on the same day and passes through first pass water, irrigated the native ball of the original band of fragrant camphor tree, and for spring drought area short of rain, pouring water continuously after the transplanting is no less than three times; 3-4 days later on spray primary waters;
Also comprise step in the said step 3) to the fragrant camphor tree fixed support of planting.
The soil acidity or alkalinity that uncomfortable blending camphor tree growth is required is weakly alkaline area; The step that also comprises the soil moved in to improve the original engineering in the step 3), plant pit diameter be than the big 20cm of native bulb diameter, and the soil layer of 5-10cm digs pine earlier below the plant pit; Insert the dark fertilizer of 70-80cm again; Kind plant Shi Tuqiu and keep steady, native face becomes plane contact in native ball bottom surface and the plant pit, with space and tamping between earth filling planting cave, mountain and the native ball.
Also comprise the step that the fragrant camphor tree body of the planting of tilting is set upright in the said step 3), when holding up tree, the soil that will set body root anticline one side earlier excavates, and will set body again and set upright, the earth backing having peace of mind.
Also be included in fragrant camphor tree top in the said step 3) and build the step that cool canopy shades all around, keep the 50cm distance with tree crown around the cool canopy top reaches, degree of shading is 70%.
4) later stage maintenance:
Water and fertilizer management: in arboreal growth season, keep watering abundance, and root soil is loosened; After treating that young leaves is sprouted, carry out foliage-spray with weight percent concentration 0.1% urea, every month once; Go into to stop to execute urea after autumn, impose 600 times potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 800 times borax foliage fertilizer mixed liquor 2 times to 3 times;
The extermination of disease and insect pest: with the FeSO of weight percent concentration 0.2%
4Solution sprays with foliage fertilizer in case control yellows;
Antifreeze freeze prevention measure: before frost or cold air arrive, fragrant camphor tree is watered the antifreeze water of foot, the root earth bank of pouring water seals the weir, and with film the camphortree root neck is all covered; And wrap up in trunk with straw rope, add again and wrap up in film, and before the rudiment of tree body, remove; Tree crown evenly sprays 800 times of liquid of high fat film emulsion of weight percent concentration 27%; Plant becomes alive 1 year, carries out pruning.
The beneficial effect that the present invention reached:
The overall process that fragrant camphor tree cultivating in northern area method of the present invention is transplanted through fragrant camphor tree; Through the time that control is transplanted, in the transplanting process, adopt make trees recover as early as possible growth potential and winter warming measure, strengthen the winter protection freezing tolerance of tree body self; Improved the northerly survival rate of fragrant camphor tree; Enriched the northern area Plant Diversity, the promotion of whole plants being introduced from south to north is used had the enlightenment effect, afforestation has imponderable social value and great potential to northern area.
Embodiment
Below just concrete cultivation step the present invention is further described.Following examples only are used for technical scheme of the present invention more clearly is described, and can not limit protection scope of the present invention with this.
Comprise in the fragrant camphor tree process that north transplant in the area transplanting time selection, transplant preparation, trees are planted and work such as later stage maintenance.
Transplanting time: the selection of transplanting time is the freeze proof key of whole winter protection, to the climate characteristic along area to the north of the Huaihe River, because of lowering the temperature early; Winter is cold; The minimum air temperature can reach-15.8 ℃, transplants fragrant camphor tree and is selected in and carries out for 3-June, and planting survival rate is the highest before and after clear and bright.Because under the condition that temperature is gone up gradually, the fragrant camphor tree of transplanting has sufficiently long tree body to recover growth time, to strengthen the winter that tree vigo(u)r and resistance are resisted severe cold.The time second half year is avoided transplanting, and mainly is that convalescence is shorter, and going into after the winter trees influences survival rate because of resistance is subject to freeze injury a little less than.
Transplant preparation: after being completely cured, the root system of the fragrant camphor tree of transplanting to clear up wound, and with saw that the wound saw is flat, smear the wound of being completely cured with weight percent concentration 0.1% methyl and wool grease mixture, prevent to rot and help Fa Xingen morning.Clip the big portion branch on the trunk, the one-level of suitably selecting and remain branch, it is oblique that section is, and in order to refreshing water of rainy day, section is smeared or the thin bundle of picking a pocket with the envelope lacquer; Trunk is wrapped with straw, twines film outward, twines driedly again with straw rope, to reduce water evaporates, controls the equilibrium of supply and demand of fragrant camphor tree body moisture content.
Trees are planted: most of to soil acidity or alkalinity is weakly alkaline area, and uncomfortable blending camphor tree growth requirement will be carried out the soil moved in to improve the original engineering earlier.The plant pit of planting is wide, dark, loose; Transplant above the average age for marriage fragrant camphor tree; The plant pit length and width, be generally 1m deeply; The plant pit diameter gets final product than the big 20cm of native bulb diameter under the normal condition; The soil layer of 5-10cm digs pine earlier under the plant pit, inserts the dark fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed of 70-80cm again, and kind is planted Shi Tuqiu and kept steady; Native face becomes plane contact, space and tamping between usefulness earth filling planting cave, mountain and the native ball in soil ball bottom surface and the cave; Peaceful shallow not dark when planting, expose native table 1/4 with native ball and be advisable, with enhance air permeability and prevent mashed root.Carry out fixed support, in case trees tilt.Trees plant the back be slightly larger than kind of plant hole diameter around, build up the earth bank of pouring water of high 20-25cm, the weir should be built real water-tight; The fragrant camphor tree of planting was irritated on the same day and passes through first pass water, irrigated the native ball of original band, and for spring drought area short of rain, pouring water continuously after the plantation is no less than three times; The work of pouring water will in time be sealed the weir after accomplishing, to reduce the evaporation of moisture content, later on according to actual conditions 3-4 days spray primary waters.The fragrant camphor tree of planting, because of the soft sedimentation of soil, the tree body is run-off the straight lodging phenomenon very easily; Need the tree body that tilts is in time set upright, when holding up tree, the soil that will set body root anticline one side earlier excavates; To set body again and set upright, earth backing is steady and sure, can not push away wrench by force; Rock back and forth, consequently native ball pine is split, and influence tree body becomes to live.After trees are planted, in time smooth when sinking to the uneven phenomenon occurring because of the rhizosphere soil of pouring water, so that root receives water, receives fertile unanimity.The fragrant camphor tree wood of big specification is planted at transplant early or high-temperature drying season, build cool canopy and shade, and to reduce the tree crown temperature, reduces the water evaporates of tree body.Keep distance about 50cm with tree crown above the cool canopy and all around,, prevent the bright harm of tree crown day to guarantee in the canopy certain air flow spaces being arranged; Degree of shading is about 70%, lets the tree body accept certain scattered light, carries out to guarantee tree body is photosynthetic.
The later stage maintenance: the maintenance in the later stage of planting, need carry out measures such as normal water and fertilizer management, the extermination of disease and insect pest and protection against cold and freezing conditions.(1) water and fertilizer management: to the soil major part is the area of sand silt, and the preserve moisture and fertility ability is relatively poor, and the quality of water and fertilizer management has just become fragrant camphor tree growth potential to recover the key factor of speed.In arboreal growth season, watering to keep sufficient, and root soil is loosened, in order to soil moisture conservation.After treating that young leaves is sprouted, carry out foliage-spray with weight percent concentration 0.1% urea, every month once, is beneficial to the young leaves growth.Go into to stop to execute urea after autumn, impose 600 times potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 800 times borax foliage fertilizer mixed liquor 2 times to 3 times, to increase the cold resistance of plant.(2) control of the fragrant camphor tree yellows of reinforcement is to strengthen tree bulk-growth gesture.FeSO with weight percent concentration 0.2%
4Solution sprays with foliage fertilizer.(3) antifreeze freeze prevention measure: before frost or cold air arriving; Fragrant camphor tree is watered the antifreeze water of foot, and the root earth bank of pouring water seals the weir, and with film the camphortree root neck is all covered; Both can prevent that water evaporates was lost, can play heat preservation effect to camphortree root portion again; And wrap up in driedly with straw rope, add again and wrap up in film, but must before the rudiment of tree body, in time remove.Tree crown evenly sprays 800 times of liquid of high fat film emulsion of weight percent concentration 27%, so that form the monomolecular film of layer of transparent at the tree crown branches and leaves, prevents that leaf is by the cold current freeze injury.Plant becomes alive 1 year, carries out pruning in good time, removes weak branch, keeps sturdy branch, and the cultivation shoot is further strengthened the degree of lignification of shoot, strengthens the winter protection freezing tolerance of tree body self.
Fragrant camphor tree cultivating in northern area method of the present invention has played important function to the warming of fragrant camphor tree; Improved the northerly survival rate of fragrant camphor tree; Promotion application to whole plants being introduced from south to north has the enlightenment effect, to enriching the northern area Plant Diversity, imponderable social value and great potential is arranged.
With the fragrant camphor tree cultivating in northern area of the present invention method fragrant camphor tree being moved northward to the afforestation project that is positioned at the Xuzhou Area to the north of the Huaihe River below is that example describes.
Xuzhou is located in east longitude 117.2 degree, and north latitude 34.3 belongs to temperate climate, 14.5 ℃ of mean temperature of air over the years, 14.6 ℃ of spring wherein, 26.2 ℃ of summers, 15.3 ℃ of autumns, 1.9 ℃ of winters.The historical extreme minimum air temperature-15.8 ℃.The weather of winter severe cold has restricted fragrant camphor tree at the Xuzhou Area advolution.The present invention is directed to the problems referred to above, formulated from control and planted the time to the process of planting, and the survive the winter enforcement of measure of later stage maintenance management and winter protection waits a whole set of freeze proof technical measures of fragrant camphor tree winter protection.
Embodiment 1
Xuzhou City's Xincheng District 1
#The road greening engineering; This project is used fragrant camphor tree 161 strains of Ф 20-30cm altogether, and transplanting time is selected May, to smearing the wound of being completely cured with weight percent concentration 0.1% methyl and wool grease mixture after the equating of being completely cured; Branch wound after the pruning is smeared the envelope lacquer, and twines dried with straw rope; Carried out the soil moved in to improve the original engineering when planting, inserted 0.5m in kind of a plant hole bottom
3The fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed, fill and tamping in the hole that will set around the ball with mountain earth again; Accomplish fluently to support and irritate three times sufficient water; Build cool canopy and shade, keep distance about 50cm with tree crown above the cool canopy and all around,, prevent the bright harm of tree crown day to guarantee in the canopy certain air flow spaces being arranged.Degree of shading is about 70%, lets the tree body accept certain scattered light, carries out to guarantee tree body is photosynthetic.Later stage is strengthened moisture management, the often root soil moisture conservation of loosening the soil; Go into to water before the winter the antifreeze water of foot, to collar portion ridging envelope weir, covering with plastic film, and trunk twined film, tree crown sprays 800 times of liquid of new high fat film emulsion of weight percent concentration 27%.In time removed the film on collar portion's mulch film and the trunk when next year, temperature went up, the mill weir of reforming is strengthened the water and fertilizer management and the extermination of disease and insect pest, and tree crown has been carried out pruning.Second year's harvest is lived 158, does not have obvious freeze injury phenomenon winter, and survival rate reaches 98%.
Embodiment 2
Xuzhou City's Xincheng District 4
#The road greening engineering; This project is used 18 of the fragrant camphor trees of Ф 30-40cm altogether, and transplanting time is selected March, at first to smearing the wound of being completely cured with weight percent concentration 0.1% methyl and wool grease mixture after the equating of being completely cured; Branch wound envelope lacquer after the pruning is smeared, and straw rope twines dry doubling and wraps up in plastic film outward; Carried out the soil moved in to improve the original engineering when planting, inserted 0.7m in kind of a plant hole bottom
3The fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed, fill and tamping in the hole that will set around the ball with mountain earth again; Accomplish fluently to support and irritate three times sufficient water; When treating that temperature raises the sprouting of tree body, remove the plastic film on the trunk again; Later stage is strengthened moisture management, keeps the root soil moisture conservation of loosening the soil; Water the antifreeze water of foot before going into the winter, to collar portion ridging envelope weir, covering with plastic film, and once more trunk is twined film, tree crown sprays 800 times of liquid of new high fat film emulsion of weight percent concentration 27%.In time removed the film on collar portion's mulch film and the trunk when next year, temperature went up, the mill weir of reforming is strengthened the water and fertilizer management and the extermination of disease and insect pest, and tree crown has been carried out pruning.All became to live in 1 year, and growing way is vigorous, survival rate is up to 100%.
The above only is a preferred implementation of the present invention; Should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from know-why of the present invention; Can also make some improvement and distortion, these improvement and distortion also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a fragrant camphor tree cultivating in northern area method is characterized in that, comprises following step:
1) selects transplanting time: transplant fragrant camphor tree and be selected in for 3-June;
2) transplant to prepare: the root system to the fragrant camphor tree transplanted is completely cured, branch, trunk are handled;
3) trees are planted:
Plant: the native ball of the fragrant camphor tree that will transplant is put into plant pit and landfill, and native ball exposes native table 1/4;
Build the earth bank of pouring water: fragrant camphor tree is planted the back around the plant pit diameter, builds up the earth bank of pouring water of high 20-25cm;
Pour water: the fragrant camphor tree of planting is irritated on the same day and passes through first pass water, irrigates the native ball of the original band of fragrant camphor tree, and for spring drought area short of rain, poured water and be no less than three times the same day after transplanting; 3-4 days later on spray primary waters;
4) later stage maintenance:
Water and fertilizer management: in arboreal growth season, keep watering abundance, and root soil is loosened; After treating that young leaves is sprouted, carry out foliage-spray with weight percent concentration 0.1% urea liquid, every month once; Go into to stop to execute urea after autumn, impose 600 times potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 800 times borax foliage fertilizer mixed liquor 2 times to 3 times;
The extermination of disease and insect pest: with the FeSO of weight percent concentration 0.2%
4Solution sprays with foliage fertilizer in case yellows;
Antifreeze freeze prevention measure: before frost or cold air arrive, fragrant camphor tree is watered the antifreeze water of foot, the root earth bank of pouring water seals the weir, and with film the camphortree root neck is all covered; And wrap up in trunk with straw rope, add again and wrap up in film, and before the rudiment of tree body, remove; Tree crown evenly sprays 800 times of liquid of high fat film emulsion of weight percent concentration 27%; Plant becomes alive 1 year, carries out pruning.
2. fragrant camphor tree cultivating in northern area method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Step 2) processing that the root system of the fragrant camphor tree of transplanting described in is completely cured may further comprise the steps: clear up the wound of being completely cured; The wound saw is flat, smear the wound of being completely cured with weight percent concentration 0.1% naphthalene acid solution and wool grease solution mixture.
3. fragrant camphor tree cultivating in northern area method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that step 2) described in the processing of branch of the fragrant camphor tree transplanted may further comprise the steps: clip the most of branch on the trunk, the one-level of selecting and remain branch; Make section be oblique, and smear or the thin bundle of picking a pocket with the envelope lacquer.
4. fragrant camphor tree cultivating in northern area method according to claim 1 is characterized in that step 2) described in the processing of trunk of the fragrant camphor tree transplanted may further comprise the steps: trunk wraps up with straw, twines film outward, twines trunk with straw rope again.
5. fragrant camphor tree cultivating in northern area method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises the step to the fragrant camphor tree fixed support of planting in the said step 3).
6. fragrant camphor tree cultivating in northern area method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the soil acidity or alkalinity that uncomfortable blending camphor tree growth is required is weakly alkaline area; The step that also comprises the soil moved in to improve the original engineering in the step 3), plant pit diameter be than the big 20cm of native bulb diameter, and the soil layer of 5-10cm digs pine earlier below the plant pit; Insert the dark fertilizer of 70-80cm again; Kind plant Shi Tuqiu and keep steady, native face becomes plane contact in native ball bottom surface and the plant pit, with space and tamping between earth filling planting cave, mountain and the native ball.
7. fragrant camphor tree cultivating in northern area method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises the step that the fragrant camphor tree body of the planting of tilting is set upright in the said step 3), and when holding up tree, the soil that will set body root anticline one side earlier excavates, and will set body again and set upright, the earth backing having peace of mind.
8. based on the described fragrant camphor tree cultivating in northern area method of claim 1, it is characterized in that, also be included in fragrant camphor tree top in the said step 3) and build the step that cool canopy shades all around that keep the 50cm distance with tree crown around the cool canopy top reaches, degree of shading is 70%.
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