CN102511270B - Method for planting Cinnamomum camphora in north - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method of camphor camphor to the north, which comprises the following steps: 1) selecting the transplanting time: transplanting camphor in March to June; 2) preparation for transplanting: the root system of the transplanted camphor Roots, branches, and trunks are treated; 3) Tree planting: including planting, fixed support, irrigation and soil weirs, watering, and shade sheds; 4) Post-maintenance: including water and fertilizer management, pest control, and antifreeze measures. The cultivation method of camphor camphor to the north of the present invention runs through the whole process of camphor transplanting. By controlling the time of transplanting, the measures of restoring the growth potential of the trees as soon as possible and keeping warm in winter are adopted during the transplanting process, so as to enhance the health of the tree itself. The cold and frost resistance ability has improved the survival rate of camphor in the north, enriched the plant diversity in the northern region, and has an enlightening effect on the promotion and application of the entire south-to-north shift.

Description

Cultivation method of northward migration of camphor camphor

technical field

The invention relates to a plant cultivation method, in particular to a transplanting method for transplanting camphor, a commonly used garden tree species in the south, to a colder region in the north, and belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation.

Background technique

Among the arbor species for urban landscaping in northern China, except for pine, cypress, and palm species, almost all of them are deciduous trees. As modern urban landscaping, the focus of urban landscaping has gradually shifted from the simple tree planting in the past to the city beautification. One of the important symbols of beautification is evergreen in all seasons. In view of this, the northward migration of evergreen tree species in the south is particularly important. In the process of moving trees from south to north, in addition to considering objective unfavorable factors such as climate, temperature and soil, and taking corresponding technical measures to make up for the deficiencies of objective factors, we should strive to minimize unfavorable factors in the selection of tree species point, the transitional tree species between the north and the south is appropriate.

Camphor is generally cultivated in the open field in the south of the Huaihe River. It is not only evergreen in all seasons, but also has a spherical crown with smooth curves and round shapes; It can stop growing when it reaches a hard object, and has little harm to buildings. It is an ideal plant for beautification and greening of residential areas, scenic areas, and road sides. It is of course the first choice for trees moving from south to north. Cinnamomum camphora is originally produced in the provinces south of the Yangtze River Basin in my country. It is mostly born in low mountain plains and is vertically distributed, generally between 500 and 600 meters above sea level. It is an important tree species in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests in China. It likes warm climate and fertile and deep acidic or neutral sandy loam. It is more light-loving, and the young trees are slightly tolerant to semi-shade, and they need more sunshine in their prime. It is suitable for growing in areas where the annual average temperature is above 16°C and the extreme minimum temperature is above -7°C.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a kind of cultivation method of camphor to the north, so that camphor can be transplanted to the northern region with higher latitude north of Huaihe River, restore growth potential as soon as possible, survive winter smoothly and grow well, and improve its cold protection Anti-freeze ability to meet the needs of landscaping in the northern region.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the invention provides a kind of cultivation method of camphor to the north, which is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

1) Select the time of transplanting: choose the time of transplanting camphor in March to June; the survival rate of planting is the highest before and after Qingming;

2) Transplanting preparation: the roots, branches and trunks of the transplanted camphor are treated;

The treatment of the root system of the transplanted Cinnamomum camphora camphora described in step 2) includes the following steps: cleaning the root wound, sawing the wound flat, and smearing the root wound with a mixture of 0.1% by weight of naphthalene acetic acid and lanolin.

The treatment of the branches of the camphor planted in step 2) includes the following steps: cut off most of the branches on the main trunk, select and retain the first-level branches, make the cuts oblique, and smear or wrap them with sealing paint .

The processing of the trunk of the camphor tree transplanted in step 2) includes the following steps: wrapping the trunk with straw, wrapping the film outside, and then wrapping the trunk with a straw rope.

3) Tree planting:

Planting: put the soil ball of the transplanted camphor tree into the tree hole and fill it up, and the soil ball exposes 1/4 of the soil surface;

Build irrigation soil weir: after the camphor is planted, build an irrigation soil weir with a height of 20-25cm around the diameter of the tree hole;

Irrigation: The newly planted camphor is irrigated with water for the first time on the same day, and the original soil ball of the camphor is fully watered. For areas with spring drought and little rain, continuous irrigation is not less than three times after transplanting; spray once in the next 3-4 days water;

The step 3) also includes the step of fixing and supporting the planted camphor.

For areas where the pH of the soil is weakly alkaline, which is not suitable for the growth of camphor, step 3) also includes the step of soil engineering, the diameter of the tree hole is 20cm larger than the diameter of the soil ball, and the soil layer 5-10cm below the tree hole is first planed Loosen, then fill in 70-80cm deep organic fertilizer. When planting, place the soil ball stably, the bottom surface of the soil ball is in flat contact with the soil surface in the tree hole, fill the gap between the planting hole and the soil ball with mountain soil and compact it.

The step 3) also includes the step of straightening the leaning newly planted camphor tree. When supporting the tree, first dig out the soil on the anticline side of the root of the tree, and then straighten the tree to make the soil firm.

The step 3) also includes the step of building a shade shed above and around the camphor tree, keeping a distance of 50 cm from the crown of the tree above and around the shade shed, and the shade degree is 70%.

4) Later maintenance:

Water and fertilizer management: During the tree growing season, keep watering adequately and loosen the root soil; after the new leaves germinate, spray the leaves with 0.1% urea by weight percentage once a month; stop applying urea after autumn, Topdress 2 to 3 times 600 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 800 times of borax foliar fertilizer mixture;

Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: spray together with the foliage fertilizer with the _FeSO4 solution of 0.2% concentration by weight to prevent and control yellowing disease;

Antifreeze and cold protection measures: Before frost or cold air comes, pour enough antifreeze water on the camphor, fill the roots with soil weir to seal the weir, and cover the entire neck of the camphor root with a film; wrap the trunk with a straw rope, and then wrap the film, And remove before tree body germination; Tree crown evenly sprays 800 times of liquid of the high-fat film emulsion of weight percent concentration 27%; The second year that plant survives, carries out shaping pruning.

The beneficial effect that the present invention reaches:

The cultivation method of camphor camphor to the north of the present invention runs through the whole process of camphor transplanting. By controlling the time of transplanting, the measures of restoring the growth potential of the trees as soon as possible and keeping warm in winter are adopted during the transplanting process, so as to enhance the health of the tree itself. The cold and frost resistance ability has improved the survival rate of camphor in the north, enriched the plant diversity in the northern region, and has an enlightening effect on the promotion and application of the entire south-north tree movement. It has inestimable social value and great potential for landscaping in the northern region. .

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below with regard to specific cultivation measures. The following examples are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention more clearly, but not to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

The process of transplanting camphor to the northern region includes the selection of transplanting time, preparation for transplanting, tree planting and post-maintenance.

Transplanting time: The choice of transplanting time is the key to the whole cold and frost resistance. According to the climate characteristics of the area north of the Huaihe River, because the temperature drops earlier, the winter is cold, and the lowest temperature can reach -15.8°C. It is carried out in June, and the survival rate of planting is the highest around Qingming. Because under the condition of gradually rising temperature, the transplanted Cinnamomum camphora has enough time to recover the growth of the tree body, so as to enhance the tree vigor and resistance to resist the severe winter. Avoid transplanting in the second half of the year, mainly because the recovery period is short. After winter, the trees are weak in resistance and susceptible to frost damage, which affects the survival rate.

Preparation for transplanting: After the root system of the transplanted camphor is cut off, the wound should be cleaned, and the wound should be sawed flat with a saw, and the cut root wound should be smeared with a mixture of 0.1% naphthalene acetic acid and lanolin at a concentration of 0.1% by weight to prevent rot and facilitate early growth of new roots . Cut off most of the branches on the main trunk, and properly select the first-level branches. The cut is oblique to facilitate refreshing water in rainy days. The cut is smeared with sealing paint or wrapped with a thin touch; Then wrap it with straw rope to reduce water evaporation and control the balance between supply and demand of water in the camphor tree. the

Tree planting: For areas where the pH of the soil is mostly weakly alkaline, it is not suitable for the growth of camphor, and soil engineering should be carried out first. Planting tree holes should be wide, deep, and loose. When transplanting older camphor trees, the length, width, and depth of the tree holes are generally 1m. Under normal circumstances, the diameter of the tree hole should be 20cm larger than that of the soil ball. The soil below the tree hole should be 5-10cm. The layer is first planed and loosened, and then filled with 70-80cm deep decomposed organic fertilizer. When planting, the soil ball is placed stably, the bottom of the soil ball is in flat contact with the soil surface in the hole, and the gap between the planting hole and the soil ball is filled with mountain soil and pounded. Solid; when planting, it is better to plant shallow than deep, and it is advisable to expose 1/4 of the soil surface to the soil ball to enhance air permeability and prevent root rot. Secure supports to prevent the tree from tilting. After the trees are planted, build an irrigation soil weir with a height of 20-25cm around the area slightly larger than the diameter of the planting hole. Thoroughly, for areas with spring drought and little rain, water should be continuously irrigated no less than three times after planting; after the irrigation work is completed, the weir should be sealed in time to reduce water evaporation, and water should be sprayed once every 3-4 days according to the actual situation. The newly planted camphor tree is very prone to tilting and lodging due to the soft soil and subsidence. It is necessary to straighten the tilted tree in time. The body should be straightened, and the soil should be firm. Do not forcefully push and pull, or shake back and forth, so that the soil ball will loosen and crack, which will affect the survival of the tree. After the trees are planted, when there are potholes and unevenness due to the subsidence of the irrigated rhizosphere soil, they should be leveled in time so that the roots receive water and fertilizer uniformly. Large-scale camphor trees are planted at the initial stage of transplantation or in high-temperature and dry seasons. Shade sheds should be built to reduce the temperature of the crown and reduce the evaporation of water from the tree. Keep a distance of about 50 cm above and around the canopy from the canopy to ensure a certain air flow space in the shed to prevent the sunburn of the canopy; the shading degree is about 70%, so that the tree body receives a certain amount of scattered light to ensure that the tree body The progress of photosynthesis.

Post-conservation: The post-planting maintenance requires normal water and fertilizer management, pest and disease control, and cold and frost protection. (1) Water and fertilizer management: For areas where most of the soil is sandy silt soil, the ability to retain water and fertilizer is poor, and the quality of water and fertilizer management has become a key factor in the recovery of the growth potential of camphor. During the growing season of trees, watering should be kept sufficient, and the root soil should be loosened to facilitate moisture retention. After the new leaves germinate, spray the leaves with 0.1% urea by weight, once a month, to facilitate the growth of new leaves. After autumn, stop applying urea, and topdress 2 to 3 times with 600 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 800 times of borax foliar fertilizer mixture to increase the cold resistance of the plants. (2) Strengthen the prevention and control of camphor yellow disease to strengthen the growth potential of the tree. Spray with 0.2% FeSO ₄ solution by weight percentage concentration together with foliar fertilizer. (3) Antifreeze and cold protection measures: Before frost or cold air comes, pour enough antifreeze water on the camphor, fill the roots with soil weir to seal the weir, and cover the entire neck of the camphor root with a film, which can prevent water from evaporating and losing , It can also have the effect of keeping warm on the roots of camphor; and wrap it dry with straw rope, and then wrap it with film, but it must be removed in time before the tree germinates. Canopy evenly sprays 800 times of liquid of the high-fat film emulsion of weight percent concentration 27%, so that form one deck transparent monomolecular film at canopy branches and leaves, prevents leaves from being damaged by cold current freezing. In the second year of the plant's survival, pruning should be carried out in a timely manner to remove weak branches, retain thick branches, and cultivate new branches to further strengthen the lignification of the new branches and enhance the cold and frost resistance of the tree itself.

The camphor planting method of the present invention has played an important role in the cold protection and warming of camphor, has improved the survival rate of camphor in the north, has enlightenment for the promotion and application of the whole south tree northward movement, and has enriched the plant diversity in the northern region. , has immeasurable social value and great potential.

Below, the camphor tree will be moved northward to the greening project in the Xuzhou area to the north of the Huaihe River by the camphor camphor cultivation method of the present invention as an example.

Xuzhou is located at 117.2 degrees east longitude and 34.3 degrees north latitude. It has a temperate climate with an average temperature of 14.5°C over the years, including 14.6°C in spring, 26.2°C in summer, 15.3°C in autumn and 1.9°C in winter. The extreme lowest temperature in history was -15.8°C. The severe winter climate restricts the growth and development of camphor in Xuzhou. The present invention aims at above-mentioned problem, has worked out from controlling planting time to planting process, and the implementation of later period maintenance management and anti-cold overwintering measure etc. a whole set of anti-cold and anti-freezing technical measures of camphor camphor.

Example 1

Xuzhou Xincheng District 1 ^# road greening project, this project uses a total of 161 camphor camphor plants with a diameter of 20-30cm, and the transplanting time is selected in May. After the root is repaired and leveled, the root wound is smeared with a mixture of 0.1% naphthalene acetic acid and lanolin. Apply sealing paint to the wounds of the pruned branches, and wrap them with straw ropes; when planting, implement foreign soil engineering, fill the bottom of the planting hole with 0.5m ³ of decomposed organic fertilizer, and then fill the cavity around the tree ball with mountain soil And tamp it; set up the support and irrigate three times with sufficient water; build a shade shed, and keep a distance of about 50cm between the top and surrounding of the shade shed and the tree crown to ensure a certain air flow space in the shed to prevent the sunburn of the tree crown. The shading degree is about 70%, so that the tree body receives a certain amount of scattered light to ensure the photosynthesis of the tree body. Strengthen water management in the later stage, and often loosen the soil at the root to preserve moisture; pour enough antifreeze water before winter, cover the root neck with soil, cover with plastic film, wrap the trunk, and spray the new high-fat film emulsion with a concentration of 27% by weight on the crown 800 times liquid. When the temperature rises in the following year, the film on the roots and necks and the film on the trunk will be removed in time, the water weir will be redone, water and fertilizer management and pest control will be strengthened, and the crown of the tree will be pruned. In the second year, 158 trees survived, and there was no obvious frost damage in winter, and the survival rate reached 98%.

Example 2

Xuzhou Xincheng District 4 ^# road greening project, the project uses a total of 18 camphor trees of Ф30-40cm, and the transplanting time is March. Firstly, after the root is repaired, the root wound is smeared with a mixture of 0.1% naphthalene acetic acid and lanolin. After pruning, the wounds of the branches were sealed and painted, the straw ropes were wrapped around them and wrapped with plastic film; the foreign soil engineering was carried out during planting, and ^0.7m3 of decomposed organic fertilizer was filled at the bottom of the planting hole, and then the soil around the tree ball was covered with mountain soil. Fill and tamp the holes; lay the support and irrigate three times with sufficient water; when the temperature rises and the tree germinates, remove the plastic film on the trunk; strengthen water management in the later stage to keep the roots loose and soil moisture; water enough before winter to prevent freezing Water, the root neck is earthed and sealed, covered with plastic film, and the trunk is wrapped again, and the crown is sprayed with 800 times of new high-fat film emulsion with a concentration of 27% by weight. When the temperature rises in the following year, the film on the roots and necks and the film on the trunk will be removed in time, the water weir will be redone, water and fertilizer management and pest control will be strengthened, and the crown of the tree will be pruned. All survived in the second year and grew vigorously, with a survival rate as high as 100%.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made. It should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention. the

Claims (7)

1. a kind of Cinnamomum camphora northward migration cultivation method is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: 1) Select the time of transplanting: choose the time of transplanting camphor in March-June; 2) Transplanting preparation: the roots, branches and trunks of the transplanted camphor are treated; 3) Tree planting: Planting: put the soil ball of the transplanted camphor tree into the tree hole and fill it up, and the soil ball exposes 1/4 of the soil surface; Build irrigation soil weir: after the camphor is planted, build an irrigation soil weir with a height of 20-25cm around the diameter of the tree hole; Irrigation: The newly planted camphor is irrigated with water for the first time on the same day, and the original soil ball of the camphor is irrigated thoroughly. For areas with spring drought and little rain, irrigate at least three times on the day after transplanting; spray once in the next 3-4 days water; 4) Later maintenance: Water and fertilizer management: During the tree growing season, keep sufficient watering and loosen the root soil; after the new leaves germinate, spray the foliage with 0.1% urea solution by weight percentage once a month; stop applying urea after autumn , topdressing 2 to 3 times 600 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 800 times of borax foliar fertilizer mixture; Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: with the _FeSO solution of 0.2% by weight percent concentration, spray together with the foliage fertilizer to prevent yellowing disease; Antifreeze and cold protection measures: Before frost or cold air comes, pour enough antifreeze water on the camphor, fill the roots with soil weir to seal the weir, and cover the entire neck of the camphor root with a film; wrap the trunk with a straw rope, and then wrap the film, And remove before tree body germination; Tree crown evenly sprays 800 times of liquid of the high-fat film emulsion of weight percent concentration 27%; The second year that plant survives, carries out shaping pruning; The treatment of root system root removal of the transplanted Cinnamomum camphora camphora described in step 2) includes the following steps: cleaning the root cutting wound, sawing the wound flat, and smearing the root cutting wound with a mixture of 0.1% by weight naphthalene acetic acid solution and lanolin solution. 2. The method for cultivating camphor camphor to the north according to claim 1, characterized in that the processing of the branches of the camphor camphor transplanted in step 2) comprises the following steps: cut off most of the branches on the main trunk, select and retain First-level branches, make the cut oblique, and smear or wrap with sealing paint. 3. The method for cultivating camphor camphor to the north according to claim 1, characterized in that the processing of the trunk of the camphor tree transplanted in step 2) comprises the following steps: wrapping the trunk with straw, wrapping it with a film, and then using Grass rope wrapped around the trunk. 4. The method for cultivating camphor to the north according to claim 1, characterized in that the step 3) also includes the step of fixing and supporting the planted camphor. 5. The method for cultivating camphor camphor to the north according to claim 1, characterized in that, for areas where the soil pH is weakly alkaline, which is not suitable for the growth of camphor camphor, step 3) also includes the step of soil engineering, tree The diameter of the hole is 20cm larger than the diameter of the soil ball. The soil layer 5-10cm below the tree hole is first planed and loosened, and then filled with 70-80cm deep organic fertilizer. For plane contact, fill the gap between the planting hole and the soil ball with mountain soil and compact it. 6. The method for cultivating camphor camphor to the north according to claim 1, characterized in that said step 3) also includes the step of straightening the leaning newly planted camphor tree. When supporting the tree, the roots of the tree are first The soil on one side of the anticline was dug up, and then the tree was straightened to make the soil firm. 7. The method for cultivating camphor camphor to the north according to claim 1, characterized in that said step 3) also includes the step of building a shade shed above and around the camphor tree, and the shade above and around the shade shed and the crown of the tree Keep a distance of 50cm and shade at 70%.