CN106804379B - Method for promoting survival of transplanting anisetree bark in karst rocky mountain - Google Patents
Method for promoting survival of transplanting anisetree bark in karst rocky mountain Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for promoting the survival of transplanting anisetree bark in karst rocky mountains, which comprises the steps of seed harvesting, seeding and seedling raising, transplanting land selection, field planting, later-stage management and protection and the like, and establishes a set of planting method for carrying out ecological restoration on karst rocky mountains with fragile southern habitat, serious vegetation damage and highly bare rocks by adopting karst special medicinal plant anisetree bark. The method can effectively reduce the loss of soil around the root system of the anisetree bark plant in rainy season and the evaporation of water in dry season, improve the survival rate of the plant and promote the growth of the plant. The survival rate can reach 91.2 percent, is 29.8 percent higher than that of the traditional bag-removing soil-retaining ball transplanting method and 45.1 percent higher than that of the bare-root transplanting method, and the growth form indexes of the plants are superior to those of the latter two transplanting methods. The method is simple and easy to operate, has high survival rate and vigorous plant growth, effectively solves the problem of low survival rate of transplanting the anisetree bark in karst rocky mountains, and provides a technical sample plate for rocky desertification ecological restoration in south China.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation and ecological restoration, in particular to a method for promoting survival of transplanting of anisetree bark in karst rocky mountains.
Background
China is the center of east Asian district which is one of three karst development areas in the world, and the area exceeds 12.4 multiplied by 106 km2Mainly focusing on the southwest provinces. The ecological system of the karst area is fragile, and the ecological environment vulnerability of the area is continuously deteriorated by the unreasonable land development mode of the survival type economic development stage, the soil erosion degradation is serious, the stony desertification phenomenon occurs in a large area, and the stony desertification becomes the most serious ecological geological environment problem restricting the sustainable development of the southwest area of China at presentGovernment and academia have great importance. Plants in karst areas form a set of adaptation mechanism to the surrounding extreme environment from multiple aspects such as external morphology, anatomical structure, internal physiological and biochemical reaction, genetic variation and the like through long-term natural selection and survival competition. The method utilizes the stress resistance of plants in the karst region to repair and rebuild the vegetation in the karst region, and becomes an important means for ecological repair in the karst region.
Cortex Illici difengpi (cortex Illici difengpi) (B)Illicium difengpiK.I.B.et K.I.M.) is evergreen tree species of the family Octagon, also called maple hammer and alpine dragon, is a special Chinese medicinal material in Guangxi province only growing on karst rocky mountain, and belongs to China to protect rare or endangered plants (Fuliguo, 1992). The bark and root bark of the plant have the effects of dispelling wind, removing dampness, promoting qi circulation, and relieving pain (national pharmacopoeia committee, 2010). Meanwhile, the anisetree bark leaves are dark green and thick, tender leaves and young fruits are red, the tree shape is beautiful, and the anisetree bark has high ornamental value, so that the anisetree bark is one of economic plants with great development and utilization prospects in karst regions. The anisetree bark is naturally distributed in karst areas of southwest, middle and northwest of Guangxi, mainly grows on bare rocks and semi-bare rock mountains at the tops of karst rocky mountains, can adapt to extremely harsh living environments of the tops of the karst rocky mountains, and is an excellent plant applied to rocky mountain vegetation restoration.
Disclosure of Invention
In the karst area, the soil layer is shallow, the terrain is broken, the cutting is strong, the rock exposure rate is high, the water and soil loss is serious, the temperature is high, seasonal drought and temporary drought occur occasionally, and the difficulty of plant planting and survival is very high. Aiming at the characteristics that karst rocky mountain soil is easy to lose by rainwater and drought and water shortage, the invention provides a method for promoting the transplanting survival of the anisetree bark in the karst rocky mountain so as to improve the ecological restoration effect in karst areas.
The invention relates to a method for promoting survival of transplanting anisetree bark in karst rocky mountain, which comprises the following steps:
(1) seed harvesting: picking the ripe fruits of the anisetree barks before cracking from the first ten days to the middle ten days of 9 months, putting the ripe fruits in an indoor ventilation place for drying in the shade after picking, and carrying out sand collection after ejecting the seeds;
(2) seedling culture: sowing the anisetree bark seeds in a greenhouse sand bed in 1 ten days in the middle of the month, covering a layer of thin sand, transferring the seeds just unearthed to a 10x13 cm nutrition bag when the hypocotyls extend to eject the cotyledons, culturing the seeds in a greenhouse with the light transmittance of 30% by using peat soil, fire soil and cultivation soil with the culture medium of 1:1:1, replacing the seeds with 15x18 cm nutrition bags in the next early spring, and culturing the seeds under an outdoor 50% light transmittance sunshade net;
(3) selecting a transplanting land: planting in a region with serious damage of vegetation and more exposed rocks in a weak karst ecological environment area;
(4) planting:
in last ten months, proper arrangement is carried out on rock pits or rock seams which are suitable for planting and have little soil or no soil, and proper filling is carried out;
selecting cloudy days or light rainy days from the middle ten to the last 3 months, cutting off the whole nutrient bag at the bottom of the seedling by using a sharp knife on the two-year-old maple bark seedling which is robust in growth and has a developed root system, reserving the rest part of the nutrient bag and the soil ball, then placing the nutrient bag and the soil ball together in a rock pit or a rock seam, and then covering the soil;
covering soil to cover the nutrition bag, pressing the soil with small stone blocks to form a disc around the plant as much as possible (note that the whole process needs to be carefully operated and lightly held to avoid the soil balls from loosening or falling off);
finally, slowly drenching enough root fixing water (too fast and violent drenching can easily cause soil loss due to too many rock gaps);
(5) and (3) later-period management and protection: after planting for 15-20 days, if no natural rainfall exists, manually watering once;
in 8-10 months of high-temperature drought season, such as continuous half-month high temperature, strong light and no natural rainfall, artificial watering is needed, and the watering should be carried out after 4 pm;
weed and shrub around the plants are reserved 11 months ago to facilitate shading and moisturizing;
in the first 11 th month, the over-grown and over-vigorous weed and shrub around the plant are removed, 30-40g of N, P, K% compound fertilizer is applied to the plant, wherein the content of each compound fertilizer is 15% (from the first 11 th month to the last 12 th month of the anisetree bark, a tip-pulling and leaf-growing process is carried out).
The method of the invention establishes a set of method for promoting the transplantation survival of the anisetree bark in the karst area with fragile habitat, serious vegetation damage and highly bare rocks in the natural environment by adopting five steps of seed harvesting, seeding and seedling raising, transplanting land selection, field planting, later period management and protection and the like. The method is simple and easy to operate, can effectively reduce the loss of soil around the root system of the anisetree bark plant in rainy season (particularly in heavy rain and rainstorm weather) and the evaporation of water in drought season, improves the survival rate of the plant and promotes the growth of the plant, the survival rate can reach 91.2 percent, is 29.8 percent higher than that of the traditional bag-removing soil-retaining ball transplanting method and 45.1 percent higher than that of the bare-root transplanting method, and the growth form indexes of the plant are superior to those of the two transplanting modes. The method effectively solves the problem of low survival rate of transplanting the anisetree bark in the karst rocky mountain, and provides a technical sample plate for rock desertification ecological restoration in south China.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of three transplanting methods of examples 1-3, examples of different treatment modes of the anisetree bark seedlings (bag bottom removal, bag removal and bare root removal from left to right).
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing examples of three transplanting methods of examples 1 to 3, field planting experiments and plant growth effects after field planting for 9 months (from right to left, bag bottom removal, bag removal and bare root removal).
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
The invention discloses a method for promoting survival of transplanting anisetree bark in karst rocky mountain, which comprises the following steps:
(1) seed harvesting: picking the ripe fruits of the anisetree barks before cracking from the first ten days to the middle ten days of 9 months, putting the ripe fruits in an indoor ventilation place for drying in the shade after picking, and carrying out sand collection after ejecting the seeds;
(2) seedling culture: sowing the anisetree bark seeds in a greenhouse sand bed in 1 ten days in the middle of the month, covering a layer of thin sand, transferring the seeds just unearthed to a 10x13 cm nutrition bag when the hypocotyls extend to eject the cotyledons, culturing the seeds in a greenhouse with the light transmittance of 30% by using peat soil, fire soil and cultivation soil with the culture medium of 1:1:1, replacing the seeds with 15x18 cm nutrition bags in the next early spring, and culturing the seeds under an outdoor 50% light transmittance sunshade net;
(3) selecting a transplanting land: planting in a region with serious damage of vegetation and more exposed rocks in a weak karst ecological environment area;
(4) planting: in last ten months, proper arrangement is carried out on rock pits or rock seams which are suitable for planting and have little soil or no soil, and proper filling is carried out;
selecting cloudy days or light rainy days from the middle ten to the last 3 months, cutting off the whole nutrient bag at the bottom of the seedling by using a sharp knife on the two-year-old maple bark seedling which grows robustly and has a developed root system, reserving the rest of the nutrient bag and the soil ball (as shown in the example on the left side in the figure 1), then placing the nutrient bag and the soil ball together in a rock pit or a rock gap, and then covering the soil;
covering soil to cover the nutrition bag, pressing the soil with small stone blocks to form a disc around the plant as much as possible (note that the whole process needs to be carefully operated and lightly held to avoid the soil balls from loosening or falling off);
finally, slowly drenching enough root fixing water (too fast and violent drenching can easily cause soil loss due to too many rock gaps);
(5) and (3) later-period management and protection: after planting for 15-20 days, if no natural rainfall exists, manually watering once; in 8-10 months of high-temperature drought season, such as continuous half-month high temperature, strong light and no natural rainfall, artificial watering is needed, and the watering should be carried out after 4 pm; weed and shrub around the plants are reserved 11 months ago to facilitate shading and moisturizing; in the last ten days of 11 months, the over-grown and over-vigorous weed and shrub around the plant are removed, and 30-40g of N, P, K compound fertilizer with the content of 15 percent of each plant is applied.
Example 2
The method for transplanting the anisetree bark into the karst rocky mountain to survive adopts a traditional bag-removing soil-retaining ball transplanting method, which is different from the embodiment 1 in that: during field planting, selecting cloudy days or rainy days from the middle ten (2) of the month to the upper ten (3) of the month, cutting off the whole nutrient bag from top to bottom by using a sharp knife in a cross shape to remove the whole nutrient bag, keeping soil balls (as shown in the middle example of the figure 1), then placing the nutrient bag in rock pits or rock seams, and then covering with soil. The remaining steps were the same as those of example 1.
Example 3
The method for transplanting the anisetree bark into the karst rocky mountain to survive adopts a traditional bare root transplanting method, which is different from the embodiment 1 in that: during field planting, selecting cloudy days or rainy days from the middle ten (2) months to the upper ten (3) months, removing all the nutrition bags and soil balls of the two-year-old maple bark seedlings which grow robustly and have developed root systems (as shown in the example on the right side of the figure 1), exposing the root systems, placing the seedlings in rock pits or rock gaps, fully extending the root systems, covering soil and compacting, wherein the rest steps are the same as the steps in the embodiment 1.
Table 1 below shows the morphological index and survival rate of the anisetree bark plants after 9 months of transplantation under different transplantation methods in examples 1 to 3, and examples of the growth effect thereof are shown in fig. 2.
Table 1 examples 1 to 3 morphological indices and survival rates of anisetree bark plants after 9 months under different transplantation methods
The method comprehensively considers various morphological parameters and survival rates of the anisetree barks in the three transplanting modes, the anisetree barks are planted in karst rocky mountains, the survival rate of the anisetree barks transplanted in example 1 can reach 91.2% after 9 months, the survival rate is 29.8% higher than that of a traditional bag-removing soil-retaining ball transplanting method and 45.1% higher than that of a bare-root transplanting method, various growth morphological indexes of plants of the anisetree barks are superior to those of the two latter transplanting modes, and a technical sample plate is provided for ecological restoration of stony desertification in south China.
Claims (1)
1. A method for promoting the transplanting survival of anisetree bark in karst rocky mountains is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) seed harvesting: picking the ripe fruits of the anisetree barks before cracking from the first ten days to the middle ten days of 9 months, putting the ripe fruits in an indoor ventilation place for drying in the shade after picking, and carrying out sand storage after ejecting the seeds;
(2) seedling culture: sowing the anisetree bark seeds in a greenhouse sand bed in 1 ten days in the middle of the month, covering a layer of thin sand, transferring the seeds just unearthed to a 10x13 cm nutrition bag when the hypocotyls extend to eject the cotyledons, culturing the seeds in a greenhouse with the light transmittance of 30% by using peat soil, fire soil and cultivation soil with the culture medium of 1:1:1, replacing the seeds with 15x18 cm nutrition bags in the next early spring, and culturing the seeds under an outdoor 50% light transmittance sunshade net;
(3) selecting a transplanting land: planting in a region with serious damage of vegetation and more exposed rocks in a weak karst ecological environment area;
(4) planting: in last ten months, proper arrangement is carried out on rock pits or rock seams which are suitable for planting and have little soil or no soil, and proper filling is carried out;
selecting cloudy days or light rainy days from the middle ten to the last 3 months, cutting off the whole nutrient bag at the bottom of the seedling by using a sharp knife on the two-year-old maple bark seedling which is robust in growth and has a developed root system, reserving the rest part of the nutrient bag and the soil ball, then placing the nutrient bag and the soil ball together in a rock pit or a rock seam, and then covering the soil;
covering soil to cover the nutrition bag, pressing the soil with small stone blocks to form a disc around the plant as much as possible;
finally, slowly drenching the feet and fixing the root water;
(5) and (3) later-period management and protection: after planting for 15-20 days, if no natural rainfall exists, manually watering once;
in 8-10 months of high-temperature drought season, such as continuous half-month high temperature, strong light and no natural rainfall, artificial watering is needed, and the watering should be carried out after 4 pm;
weed and shrub around the plants are reserved 11 months ago to facilitate shading and moisturizing;
in the last ten days of 11 months, removing overgrown weed and shrubs around the plants, and applying 30-40g of N, P, K compound fertilizers with 15% of each fertilizer;
the anisetree bark used for karst rockwork planting is a nutrition bag seedling growing for at least more than 2 years.
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| CN109258334A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-01-25 | 兰坪县建浩农业科技发展有限责任公司 | A kind of prickly-pear cactus implantation methods in rock crevice |
| CN109744057A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-05-14 | 渭南顺天农用酵素科技有限公司 | A kind of afforestation technology suitable for Rocky Desertification Region |
| CN114246097A (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-03-29 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 | Karst environment shortage medicinal material-characteristic landscape-ecological restoration three-dimensional mode construction method |
| CN114097558A (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-03-01 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 | Cultivation method combining high-yield and efficient seedling culture of smilax glabra |
| CN114303816B (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-11-29 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 | Conservation method for karst endangered plant anisetree bark |
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| CN104472199A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2015-04-01 | 广西壮族自治区药用植物园 | Cuttage propagation method for anisetree bark |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101103671A (en) * | 2007-08-24 | 2008-01-16 | 马家升 | Method for artificial breeding and planting rauvolfia vomitoria afzel |
| CN101773047A (en) * | 2010-03-01 | 2010-07-14 | 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园 | Seedling nursing method of plukenetia volubilis linneo |
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