CN104054552B - Recovering method after a kind of cool temperate zone grass class Larix gmeliniforest burned area fire - Google Patents
Recovering method after a kind of cool temperate zone grass class Larix gmeliniforest burned area fire Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides recovering method after a kind of cool temperate zone grass class Larix gmeliniforest burned area fire, its object is to propose in detail and recovering method after the fire of system for the different extent of damage burned area of careless class Larix gmeliniforest, the present invention is investigated by burned area, determine the exact time that forest fires occur, the impaired rank of burned area, Stand Status before fire, can the larch elite stand on burned area provide sufficient provenance for slash upgrades, burned area land occupation condition is investigated, burned area upgrades vegetation investigation, and by the judgement of seed year, determine different impaired rank, can larch upgrade the cool temperate zone grass class Larix gmeliniforest burned area recovering method in the multiple situations such as the provenance providing sufficient for slash, for the construction of large area burned area Ecological Restoration Works provides technical support.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of biological recovery, particularly relate to recovering method after a kind of cool temperate zone grass class Larix gmeliniforest burned area fire.
Background technology
Manchurian taiga is the southernmost end in the Eurasian needle forest zone of traversing the north, Eurasia, belongs to the sub-south of thing uncle and to become clear the part that softwood forest extends southwards.This region is one of main timber forest base of China, and forestry vegetation bestrewing rate reaches more than 70%.Dahurian larch is the seeds that this region has comparative advantage.
Dahurian larch accommodation is very wide, at the marshland that chad mountain region and the water compared with drought and barren wets, all can grow and grow into forest.Its root system has very strong plasticity, can on deeper fertile soil, form flourishing root system, grow up to logical directly tall and big forest, again can in serious bogginess, the soil with permafrost haorizon is formed the shallow root system on top layer, and along with marshland mosses (being generally bog moss) accumulation and thicken, constantly sprout adventive root to adapt to this special clammy habitat, formed " stunted tree " that productivity is very low.
Due to larch ecologic adaptation wide range, according to the difference of habitat conditions, Larix gmeliniforest has very big-difference in plant composition, structure, appearance and productivity of forest stand.
Grass class Larix gmeliniforest, in the scope that Region of The Northern Part of Daxinganling is distributed in height above sea level 300 ~ 800m, is then distributed within the scope of height above sea level 950 ~ 1500m in south.Mostly be tailo and half tailo, the gradient is 6 ~ 10 °, even larger, but can not more than 20 °.Soil is sward brown coniferous forest soil, and thicker soil has thick humus layer.Because weather and soil condition are all better, the productivity of this crop type is the highest in the crop type of whole Larix gmeliniforest, and site class can reach I ~ II grade.Feature on structure of community is that plant species is more, and except tree stratum, has the herbaceous layer that fully flourishing.Tree stratum, up to 22 ~ 28m, reaches as high as 30m.Crown density are 0.5 ~ 0.7.Preponderate primarily of Dahurian larch, have more white birch and the mixed life of aspen, sometimes form the second layer by white birch.With other crop types unlike, there is not high shrub layer and brushwood layer in this crop type, but has flourishing herbaceous layer.The total cover-degree of herbaceous layer can reach more than 90%, and height can reach 50 ~ 100cm.Main species has Deyeuxia angustifolia, great Ye chapter, sedge, singletary pea, Baikal vetch, garden burnet, bigleaf thorowax root, the suede back of the body geranium wilfordii, manystem vetch herb, wide leaf mountain wormwood artemisia, great Ye vetch, Xingan Ye Qingmao etc.Liver moss lichens is in this crop type agensis.
Daxinganling forest area is that the most serious region occurs China's forest fires, and because mountain shape eases up, forest fires, once occur, spread rapidly, often form large-area burned area.Up to the present, Daxinganling forest area also exists the careless class Larix gmeliniforest burned area that large-area difference burns time, different fire intensity.But lack for reforestation practices after the burned area fire of the detailed system of this crop type and technology, the needs that large area burned area Ecological Restoration Works is built cannot be met.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of for the different extent of damage burned area of careless class Larix gmeliniforest recovering method in detail and after the fire of system, for the construction of large area burned area Ecological Restoration Works provides technical support.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, recovering method after a kind of cool temperate zone grass of the present invention class Larix gmeliniforest burned area fire, comprises following steps:
(1) burned area investigation:
Determine the exact time that forest fires occur: by searching the exact time that fire file determination forest fires occur;
Determine the impaired rank of burned area:
Slight impaired burned area: standing tree of being injured is less than 20%;
The impaired burned area of moderate: standing tree 20% ~ 49% of being injured;
The impaired burned area of severe: standing tree 50% ~ 90% of being injured;
The impaired burned area of pole severe: standing tree of being injured is greater than 90%;
Stand Status before determining fire: by searching historical archives and burned area retains age and the breeding status that larch determines to burn front standing forest;
Judge that can the larch elite stand on burned area provide sufficient provenance as slash upgrades:
The impaired burned area of gently/moderate;
Before fire, standing forest is mature forest, and starts mast-fruiting event;
The mean DBH increment of burned area larch elite stand is greater than 20cm;
Meet the larch elite stand of above three conditions then on burned area and can provide sufficient provenance for slash upgrades;
Burned area land occupation condition is investigated: investigation index comprises the gradient, slope aspect, thickness of soil, soil grass roots dish knot degree;
Burned area upgrades vegetation investigation: investigation index comprise upgrade vegetation and plant species composition, highly, cover degree, cover degree index comprises earth's surface herbaceous plant cover degree;
(2) be whether the judgement of seed year then, adopt following methods:
The mean temperature in June the previous year significantly exceed for many years the same period temperature mean value, Irradiance is good simultaneously;
Mid-February is to mid-March then, and larch spray solution culture shows that larch has the possibility of mast-fruiting event;
In May then there is not rainfall and Freezing injury weather in larch loose powder phase in the first tenday period of a month and pollen tube germinating phase;
Meeting above three conditions is then seed year then;
(3) the impaired burned area of light/moderate is implemented to upgrade
The method of artificial accelerate natural regeneration is taked when there is the larch elite stand that can provide sufficient provenance:
The engineering construction time: the autumn that seed year occurs, and will complete before a large amount of planting of larch in October;
Wholely: block area 1m*2m, cut off earth's surface herbaceous layer, and divot of shooting off reaches 8-10cm, the whole plot 450-550 of per hectare;
Tending management: carry out in time after engineering construction Second Year comes up reseeding, fill the gaps with seedlings, weed with a hoe, continues 5 years, annual 1 time;
The method taked artificial seeding when not there is the larch elite stand that can provide sufficient provenance or plant seedlings:
Artificial seeding:
The engineering construction time: the autumn that seed year occurs or Second Year spring;
Wholely: block area 1m*2m, cut off earth's surface herbaceous layer, and divot of shooting off reaches 8-10cm, the whole plot 450-550 of per hectare.
Sowing: after seed year Second Year early or mid April snow do not melt before broadcast snow on;
Tending management: carry out in time after engineering construction Second Year comes up reseeding, fill the gaps with seedlings, weed with a hoe, continues 5 years, annual 1 time;
Manually plant seedlings:
Wholely: adopt circular cave-shaped land preparation mode, footpath, cave and cave deeply all at more than 30cm, the previous moon that plants seedlings whole ground or with whole with planting seedlings;
Nursery stock specification: I, II grade of Dahurian larch, the 2 years raw bareroot seedlings using GB6000 regulation;
To plant seedlings method: spring or rainy season, adopt slit planting, with to uproot or spade cracks in the circular pocket on whole ground, put into nursery stock, the depth suitably, not nest root, puller, steady and sure soil, soil drought when planting seedlings, should water in time;
To plant seedlings configuration: adopt rectangle configuration, seeding row spacing 2 × 1.5m, wooden quantity of planting seedlings adds that slash retains larch quantity and is no more than 3300 strains/hm
2;
Tending management: carry out in time after planting seedlings filling the gaps with seedlings, weeding with a hoe, continuous 3 years, annual 1 time;
(4) severe and the impaired burned area of pole severe are implemented to upgrade
Owing to lacking the elite stand providing larch provenance, take artificial seeding and two kinds of update methods of manually planting seedlings:
Artificial seeding:
Burned area is cleared up: clear out of burned area burning wood, wood to death;
Engineering construction period: implement again after earth's surface vegetation cover degree is more than more than 60%;
The engineering construction time: the autumn that seed year occurs;
Wholely: block area 1m*2m, cut off earth's surface herbaceous layer, and divot of shooting off reaches 8-10cm, the whole plot 1450-1550 of per hectare;
Sowing: after seed year Second Year early or mid April snow do not melt before broadcast snow on;
Tending management: carry out in time after engineering construction Second Year comes up reseeding, fill the gaps with seedlings, weed with a hoe, continues 5 years, annual 1 time;
Manually plant seedlings
Burned area is cleared up: clear out of burned area burning wood, wood to death;
Engineering construction period: implement again after earth's surface vegetation cover degree is more than more than 60%;
Wholely: adopt circular cave-shaped land preparation mode, footpath, cave and cave deeply all at more than 30cm, the previous moon that plants seedlings whole ground or with whole with planting seedlings;
Nursery stock specification: I, II grade of Dahurian larch, the 2 years raw bareroot seedlings using GB6000 regulation;
To plant seedlings method: spring or rainy season, adopt slit planting, with to uproot or spade cracks in the circular pocket on whole ground, put into nursery stock, the depth suitably, not nest root, puller, steady and sure soil.Soil drought when planting seedlings, should water in time;
To plant seedlings configuration: adopt rectangle configuration, seeding row spacing 2 × 1.5m; Wooden quantity 3300 strain of planting seedlings.
Tending management: carry out in time after planting seedlings filling the gaps with seedlings, weeding with a hoe, continuous 3 years, annual 1 time.
Wherein light/impaired burned area of moderate is implemented to upgrade when having the larch elite stand that can provide sufficient provenance and is taked step per hectare whole plot in whole ground in the method for artificial accelerate natural regeneration to be 500.
Wherein light/impaired burned area of moderate is implemented to take artificial seeding to carry out step per hectare whole plot in whole ground in the method upgraded when renewal does not have the larch elite stand that can provide sufficient provenance is 500.
Wherein light/impaired burned area of moderate is implemented to upgrade wooden quantity of planting seedlings in the method taked manually to plant seedlings when not having the larch elite stand that can provide sufficient provenance and carry out upgrading and is added that burned area retention larch quantity is 3300 strains/hm
2.
Wherein severe and pole severe impaired burned area enforcement renewal adopt artificial seeding to carry out step per hectare whole plot in whole ground in the method upgraded is 1500.
The invention difference from existing technology is that the present invention achieves following technique effect:
1, after a kind of cool temperate zone of the present invention grass class Larix gmeliniforest burned area fire, recovering method is detailed for the different extent of damage burned area of careless class Larix gmeliniforest and recovering method after the fire of system, for the construction of large area burned area Ecological Restoration Works provides technical support, the present invention effectively can solve after cool temperate zone damaged ecosystem is degenerated and only lean on the clear-cutting forestland time long, the uncertain difficult problem in succession direction, the succession of effective promotion burned area vegetation forward, simultaneously quick restored ecosystem original function;
2, recovering method foundation synecology, Fire ecology and vegetation succession rule after a kind of cool temperate zone grass of the present invention class Larix gmeliniforest burned area fire, carry out systems organization, adopt the artificial method that natural and artificial reforestation combines that promotes, can save the input of human and material resources, financial resources etc., be the effective measures of fast quick-recovery burned area.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, to above-mentioned being described in more detail with other technical characteristic and advantage of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Gently/moderate burn slash can provide the recovery embodiment of provenance
The present embodiment is implemented place and is positioned at Pine Ridge, Daxing'an Mountainrange State Forestry Administration, P.R. China, and implementing the time is 2011.
(1) burned area investigation:
Determine the exact time that forest fires occur:
The exact time occurred by searching fire file determination forest fires is in June, 2006.Determine the impaired rank of burned area:
To be injured standing tree 19%, to belong to slight impaired burned area.
Determine the front Stand Status of fire:
Retain larch determine by searching historical archives and burned area: before burning, standing forest is for becoming
Ripe woods, and start mast-fruiting event; The mean DBH increment 23cm of burned area larch elite stand.Judge that can the larch elite stand on burned area provide sufficient provenance as slash upgrades:
The impaired burned area of gently/moderate;
Before fire, standing forest is mature forest, and starts mast-fruiting event;
The mean DBH increment of burned area larch elite stand is greater than 20cm;
Because burned area meets above three conditions, so judge that the larch on burned area is female
Tree can provide sufficient provenance for slash upgrades;
Burned area land occupation condition is investigated:
The gradient: <1 °
Slope aspect: Dong Po
Thickness of soil: >30cm
Soil grass roots dish knot degree: high
Burned area upgrades vegetation investigation:
Renewal vegetation and plant species forms:
Arbor treelet and seedling:
Dahurian larch: 55 strains/hm
2
Mongolian oak: 100 strains/hm
2
Aspen: 200 strains/hm
2
White birch: 430 strains/hm
2
Shrub treelet and seedling: quantity is few.
Herbaceous plant: herbal growth is luxuriant, dominant species has sedge, Deyeuxia angustifolia, great Ye chapter etc.; Herbaceous plant total cover-degree 95%; Average height 70cm.
Upgrade vegetation total cover-degree: 95%
Within (2) 2011 years, be whether the judgement of seed year, adopt following methods:
The mean temperature in June, 2010 significantly exceed for many years the same period temperature mean value, Irradiance is good simultaneously;
In mid-February, 2011, larch spray solution culture showed that larch has the possibility of mast-fruiting event to mid-March;
In in May, 2011 there is not rainfall and Freezing injury weather in larch loose powder phase in the first tenday period of a month and pollen tube germinating phase;
Judge thus 2011 be seed year.
(3) the impaired burned area of light/moderate is implemented to upgrade
The engineering construction time: autumn in 2011, complete before a large amount of planting of larch in October;
Wholely: block area 1m*2m, cut off earth's surface herbaceous layer, and divot of shooting off reaches 8-10cm, 500, the whole plot of per hectare;
Tending management: the " Invest, Then Investigate " that comes up for 2012 finds, seedling 3-4 strain is on average germinated in each whole plot; Summer in 2012 does not have the whole plot of germinating seedling and seedling to carry out less than the whole plot of 2 strains process of filling the gaps with seedlings to those, ensures that each whole plot seedling numbers is more than or equal to 2 strains; Autumn in 2012 clears up the weeds germinated around seedling; Autumn in 2013 controls seedling numbers on the one hand, and each whole plot retains seedling 2-3 strain, clears up on the other hand to the weeds around seedling.Autumn in 2013, investigation found, Larch Seedling mean height reaches 24cm.Continuation is carried out tending management to seedling by follow-up autumn in 2014,2015,2016.
Embodiment 2
Gently/moderate burn slash can not provide the employing artificial seeding of provenance to recover embodiment
The present embodiment is implemented place and is positioned at Han Jia park, Daxing'an Mountainrange State Forestry Administration, P.R. China, and implementing the time is 2011.
(1) burned area investigation:
Determine the exact time that forest fires occur:
The exact time occurred by searching fire file determination forest fires is in May, 2006; Determine the impaired rank of burned area:
To be injured standing tree 19%, slight impaired burned area;
Determine the front Stand Status of fire:
Retain larch find by searching historical archives and burned area, before fire, standing forest is middle children
Age woods, larch elite stand mean DBH increment 11cm, not yet mast-fruiting event.
Judge that can the larch elite stand on burned area provide sufficient provenance as slash upgrades:
Although burned area is light/impaired burned area of moderate, because before fire, standing forest still belongs to Middle and young forest, mean DBH increment is less than 20cm, not yet mast-fruiting event, so judge that the larch elite stand on this burned area can not upgrade as slash the provenance providing abundance.
Burned area land occupation condition is investigated:
The gradient: <1 °
Slope aspect: Dong Po
Thickness of soil: >30cm
Soil grass roots dish knot degree: high
Burned area upgrades vegetation investigation
Renewal vegetation and plant species forms:
Arbor treelet and seedling:
Dahurian larch: 30 strains/hm
2
Mongolian oak: 150 strains/hm
2
Aspen: 100 strains/hm
2
White birch: 350 strains/hm
2
Shrub treelet and seedling: quantity is few.
Herbaceous plant: herbal growth is luxuriant, dominant species has sedge, Deyeuxia angustifolia, great Ye chapter etc.; Herbaceous plant cover degree: 99%; Herbaceous plant mean height 60cm.
Upgrade vegetation total cover-degree: 99%
Within (2) 2011 years, be whether the judgement of seed year, adopt following methods:
The mean temperature in June, 2010 significantly exceed for many years the same period temperature mean value, Irradiance is good simultaneously;
In mid-February, 2011, larch spray solution culture showed that larch has the possibility of mast-fruiting event to mid-March;
In in May, 2011 there is not rainfall and Freezing injury weather in larch loose powder phase in the first tenday period of a month and pollen tube germinating phase;
2011 over being enough to upper three conditions, so judgement is seed year in 2011;
(3) the impaired burned area of light/moderate is implemented to upgrade
Artificial seeding:
The engineering construction time: autumn in 2011;
Wholely: block area 1m*2m, cut off earth's surface herbaceous layer, and divot of shooting off reaches 8-10cm, 500, the whole plot of per hectare.
Sowing: in early or mid April, 2012 snow do not melt before broadcast snow on;
Tending management:
The " Invest, Then Investigate " that comes up for 2012 finds, seedling 3-4 strain is on average germinated in each whole plot; Summer in 2012 does not have the whole plot of germinating seedling and seedling to carry out less than the whole plot of 2 strains process of filling the gaps with seedlings to those, ensures that each whole plot seedling numbers is more than or equal to 2 strains; Autumn in 2012 clears up the weeds germinated around seedling; Autumn in 2013 controls seedling numbers on the one hand, and each whole plot retains seedling 2-3 strain, clears up on the other hand to the weeds around seedling.Autumn in 2013, investigation found, Larch Seedling mean height reaches 23cm.Continuation is carried out tending management to seedling by follow-up autumn in 2014,2015,2016.
Embodiment 3
Gently/moderate burn slash can not provide the employing of provenance manually to plant seedlings recovery embodiment
The present embodiment is implemented place and is positioned at Han Jia park, Daxing'an Mountainrange State Forestry Administration, P.R. China, and implementing the time is 2012.
(1) burned area investigation:
Determine the exact time that forest fires occur:
The exact time occurred by searching fire file determination forest fires is in May, 2006; Determine the impaired rank of burned area:
To be injured standing tree 19%, to belong to slight impaired burned area; Determine the front Stand Status of fire:
Retain larch find by searching historical archives and burned area, before fire, standing forest is Middle and young forest, larch elite stand mean DBH increment 11cm, not yet mast-fruiting event.
Judge that can the larch elite stand on burned area provide sufficient provenance as slash upgrades:
Although burned area is light/impaired burned area of moderate, because before fire, standing forest still belongs to Middle and young forest, mean DBH increment is less than 20cm, not yet mast-fruiting event, so judge that the larch elite stand on this burned area can not provide sufficient provenance as upgrading with becoming.
Burned area land occupation condition is investigated:
The gradient: <1 °
Slope aspect: Dong Po
Thickness of soil: >30cm
Soil grass roots dish knot degree: high
Burned area upgrades vegetation investigation
Renewal vegetation and plant species forms:
Arbor treelet and seedling:
Dahurian larch: 55 strains/hm
2
Mongolian oak: 100 strains/hm
2
Aspen: 200 strains/hm
2
White birch: 330 strains/hm
2
Shrub treelet and seedling: quantity is few.
Herbaceous plant: herbal growth is luxuriant, dominant species has sedge, Deyeuxia angustifolia, great Ye chapter etc.; Herbaceous plant cover degree: 99%; Herbaceous plant height 60cm.
Upgrade vegetation total cover-degree: 99%
(2) the impaired burned area of light/moderate is implemented to upgrade
Manually plant seedlings:
Wholely: spring in 2012, adopt circular cave-shaped land preparation mode, footpath, cave and cave deeply all at more than 30cm, with whole with planting seedlings;
Nursery stock specification: I, II grade of Dahurian larch, the 2 years raw bareroot seedlings using GB6000 regulation;
To plant seedlings method: adopt slit planting, with to uproot or spade cracks in the circular pocket on whole ground, put into nursery stock, the depth suitably, not nest root, puller, steady and sure soil, because of soil drought when planting seedlings, waters;
To plant seedlings configuration: adopt rectangle configuration, seeding row spacing 2 × 1.5m, wooden quantity 1200 strain of planting seedlings;
Tending management:
2012, autumn in 2013 all tending management has been carried out to planted seedlings wood, removed the weeds of its growth of nursery stock ambient influence.Autumn in 2013, investigation found, plant percent 85% is planted, nursery stock mean height 95cm by institute.Continuation in 2014 carries out tending management to nursery stock.
Embodiment 4
The employing artificial seeding of severe and pole severe burned area recovers embodiment
The present embodiment is implemented place and is positioned at Han Jia park, Daxing'an Mountainrange State Forestry Administration, P.R. China, and implementing the time is 2011.
(1) burned area investigation:
Determine the exact time that forest fires occur:
The exact time occurred by searching fire file determination forest fires is in May, 2006;
Determine the impaired rank of burned area:
To be injured standing tree 80%, to belong to the impaired burned area of severe.
Determine the front Stand Status of fire:
Retain larch find by searching historical archives and burned area, before fire, standing forest is Middle and young forest, larch elite stand mean DBH increment 11cm, not yet mast-fruiting event.
Judge that can the larch elite stand on burned area provide sufficient provenance as slash upgrades:
Because burned area belongs to severe burned area, and before fire, standing forest is Middle and young forest, so the larch elite stand on burned area can not provide sufficient provenance for slash upgrades.
Burned area land occupation condition is investigated:
The gradient: <1 °
Slope aspect: Dong Po
Thickness of soil: >30cm
Soil grass roots dish knot degree: high
Burned area upgrades vegetation investigation:
Renewal vegetation and plant species forms:
Arbor treelet and seedling:
Dahurian larch: 70 strains/hm
2
Mongolian oak: 150 strains/hm
2
Aspen: 220 strains/hm
2
White birch: 410 strains/hm
2
Shrub treelet and seedling: quantity is few.
Herbaceous plant: herbal growth is luxuriant, dominant species has sedge, Deyeuxia angustifolia, great Ye chapter etc.; Herbaceous plant cover degree 98%; Herbaceous plant height 60cm.
Upgrade vegetation cover degree: 98%
Within (2) 2011 years, be whether the judgement of seed year, adopt following methods:
The mean temperature in June, 2010 significantly exceed for many years the same period temperature mean value, Irradiance is good simultaneously;
In mid-February, 2011, larch spray solution culture showed that larch has the possibility of mast-fruiting event to mid-March;
In in May, 2011 there is not rainfall and Freezing injury weather in larch loose powder phase in the first tenday period of a month and pollen tube germinating phase;
Because 2011 over being enough to upper three conditions, so judgement is seed year in 2011;
(3) severe impaired burned area in weight/pole is implemented to upgrade
The engineering construction time: autumn in 2011;
Wholely: block area 1m*2m, cut off earth's surface herbaceous layer, and divot of shooting off reaches 8-10cm, 1500, the whole plot of per hectare.
Sowing: in early or mid April, 2012 snow do not melt before broadcast snow on;
Tending management:
The " Invest, Then Investigate " that comes up for 2012 finds, seedling 3-4 strain is on average germinated in each whole plot; Summer in 2012 does not have the whole plot of germinating seedling and seedling to carry out less than the whole plot of 2 strains process of filling the gaps with seedlings to those, ensures that each whole plot seedling numbers is more than or equal to 2 strains; Autumn in 2012 clears up the weeds germinated around seedling; Autumn in 2013 controls seedling numbers on the one hand, and each whole plot retains seedling 2-3 strain, clears up on the other hand to the weeds around seedling.Autumn in 2013, investigation found, Larch Seedling mean height reaches 25cm.Continuation is carried out tending management to seedling by follow-up autumn in 2014,2015,2016.
Embodiment 5
The employing of severe and pole severe burned area is manually planted seedlings recovery embodiment
The present embodiment is implemented place and is positioned at Han Jia park, Daxing'an Mountainrange State Forestry Administration, P.R. China, and implementing the time is 2012.
(1) burned area investigation:
Determine the exact time that forest fires occur:
The exact time occurred by searching fire file determination forest fires is in May, 2006;
Determine the impaired rank of burned area:
To be injured standing tree 80%, to belong to the impaired burned area of severe.
Determine the front Stand Status of fire:
Retain larch find by searching historical archives and burned area, before fire, standing forest is Middle and young forest, larch elite stand mean DBH increment 11cm, not yet mast-fruiting event.
Judge that can the larch elite stand on burned area provide sufficient provenance as slash upgrades:
Because burned area belongs to severe burned area, and before fire, standing forest is Middle and young forest, so the larch elite stand on burned area can not provide sufficient provenance for slash upgrades.
Burned area land occupation condition is investigated:
The gradient: <1 °
Slope aspect: Dong Po
Thickness of soil: >30cm
Soil grass roots dish knot degree: high
Burned area upgrades vegetation investigation:
Renewal vegetation and plant species forms:
Arbor treelet and seedling:
Dahurian larch: 70 strains/hm
2
Mongolian oak: 150 strains/hm
2
Aspen: 220 strains/hm
2
White birch: 410 strains/hm
2
Shrub treelet and seedling: quantity is few.
Herbaceous plant: herbal growth is luxuriant, dominant species has sedge, Deyeuxia angustifolia, great Ye
Chapter etc.; Herbaceous plant cover degree 98%; Herbaceous plant mean height 60cm.
Upgrade vegetation cover degree: 98%
(2) the impaired burned area of severe is implemented to upgrade
Manually plant seedlings:
Wholely: spring in 2012, adopt circular cave-shaped land preparation mode, footpath, cave and cave deeply all at more than 30cm, with whole with planting seedlings;
Nursery stock specification: I, II grade of Dahurian larch, the 2 years raw bareroot seedlings using GB6000 regulation;
To plant seedlings method: adopt slit planting, with to uproot or spade cracks in the circular pocket on whole ground, put into nursery stock, the depth suitably, not nest root, puller, steady and sure soil, because of soil drought when planting seedlings, waters;
To plant seedlings configuration: adopt rectangle configuration, seeding row spacing 2 × 1.5m, wooden quantity 3300 strain of planting seedlings;
Tending management:
2012, autumn in 2013 all tending management has been carried out to planted seedlings wood, removed the weeds of its growth of nursery stock ambient influence.Autumn in 2013, investigation found, plant percent 85% is planted, nursery stock mean height 97cm by institute.Continuation in 2014 carries out tending management to nursery stock.
Above-described embodiment is only be described the preferred embodiment of the present invention; not scope of the present invention is limited; under not departing from the present invention and designing the prerequisite of spirit; the various distortion that those of ordinary skill in the art make technical scheme of the present invention and improvement, all should fall in protection domain that claims of the present invention determines.
Claims (5)
1. a recovering method after cool temperate zone grass class Larix gmeliniforest burned area fire, is characterized in that comprising following steps:
(1) burned area investigation:
Determine the exact time that forest fires occur: by searching the exact time that fire file determination forest fires occur;
Determine the impaired rank of burned area:
Slight impaired burned area: standing tree of being injured is less than 20%;
The impaired burned area of moderate: standing tree 20% ~ 49% of being injured;
The impaired burned area of severe: standing tree 50% ~ 90% of being injured;
The impaired burned area of pole severe: standing tree of being injured is greater than 90%;
Stand Status before determining fire: by searching historical archives and burned area retains age and the breeding status that larch determines to burn front standing forest;
Judge that can the larch elite stand on burned area provide sufficient provenance as slash upgrades:
The impaired burned area of gently/moderate;
Before fire, standing forest is mature forest, and starts mast-fruiting event;
The mean DBH increment of burned area larch elite stand is greater than 20cm;
Meet the larch elite stand of above three conditions then on burned area and can provide sufficient provenance for slash upgrades;
Burned area land occupation condition is investigated: investigation index comprises the gradient, slope aspect, thickness of soil, soil grass roots dish knot degree;
Burned area upgrades vegetation investigation: investigation index comprise upgrade vegetation and plant species composition, highly, cover degree, cover degree index comprises earth's surface herbaceous plant cover degree;
(2) be whether the judgement of seed year then, adopt following methods:
The mean temperature in June the previous year significantly exceed for many years the same period temperature mean value, Irradiance is good simultaneously;
Mid-February is to mid-March then, and larch spray solution culture shows that larch has the possibility of mast-fruiting event;
In May then there is not rainfall and Freezing injury weather in larch loose powder phase in the first tenday period of a month and pollen tube germinating phase;
Meeting above three conditions is then seed year then;
(3) the impaired burned area of light/moderate is implemented to upgrade
The method of artificial accelerate natural regeneration is taked when there is the larch elite stand that can provide sufficient provenance:
The engineering construction time: the autumn that seed year occurs, and will complete before a large amount of planting of larch in October;
Wholely: block area 1m*2m, cut off earth's surface herbaceous layer, and divot of shooting off reaches 8-10cm, the whole plot 450-550 of per hectare;
Tending management: carry out in time after engineering construction Second Year comes up reseeding, fill the gaps with seedlings, weed with a hoe, continues 5 years, annual 1 time;
The method taked artificial seeding when not there is the larch elite stand that can provide sufficient provenance or plant seedlings:
Artificial seeding:
The engineering construction time: the autumn that seed year occurs or Second Year spring;
Wholely: block area 1m*2m, cut off earth's surface herbaceous layer, and divot of shooting off reaches 8-10cm, the whole plot 450-550 of per hectare;
Sowing: after seed year Second Year early or mid April snow do not melt before broadcast snow on;
Tending management: carry out in time after engineering construction Second Year comes up reseeding, fill the gaps with seedlings, weed with a hoe, continues 5 years, annual 1 time;
Manually plant seedlings:
Wholely: adopt circular cave-shaped land preparation mode, footpath, cave and cave deeply all at more than 30cm, the previous moon that plants seedlings whole ground or with whole with planting seedlings;
Nursery stock specification: I, II grade of Dahurian larch, the 2 years raw bareroot seedlings using GB6000 regulation;
To plant seedlings method: spring or rainy season, adopt slit planting, with to uproot or spade cracks in the circular pocket on whole ground, put into nursery stock, the depth suitably, not nest root, puller, steady and sure soil, soil drought when planting seedlings, should water in time;
To plant seedlings configuration: adopt rectangle configuration, seeding row spacing 2 × 1.5m, wooden quantity of planting seedlings adds that slash retains larch quantity and is no more than 3300 strains/hm
2;
Tending management: carry out in time after planting seedlings filling the gaps with seedlings, weeding with a hoe, continuous 3 years, annual 1 time;
(4) severe and the impaired burned area of pole severe are implemented to upgrade
Owing to lacking the elite stand providing larch provenance, take artificial seeding and two kinds of update methods of manually planting seedlings:
Artificial seeding:
Burned area is cleared up: clear out of burned area burning wood, wood to death;
Engineering construction period: when implementing again after earth's surface vegetation cover degree more than 60%;
The engineering construction time: the autumn that seed year occurs;
Wholely: block area 1m*2m, cut off earth's surface herbaceous layer, and divot of shooting off reaches 8-10cm, the whole plot 1450-1550 of per hectare;
Sowing: after seed year Second Year early or mid April snow do not melt before broadcast snow on;
Tending management: carry out in time after engineering construction Second Year comes up reseeding, fill the gaps with seedlings, weed with a hoe, continues 5 years, annual 1 time;
Manually plant seedlings
Burned area is cleared up: clear out of burned area burning wood, wood to death;
Engineering construction period: when implementing again after earth's surface vegetation cover degree more than 60%;
Wholely: adopt circular cave-shaped land preparation mode, footpath, cave and cave deeply all at more than 30cm, the previous moon that plants seedlings whole ground or with whole with planting seedlings;
Nursery stock specification: I, II grade of Dahurian larch, the 2 years raw bareroot seedlings using GB6000 regulation;
To plant seedlings method: spring or rainy season, adopt slit planting, with to uproot or spade cracks in the circular pocket on whole ground, put into nursery stock, the depth suitably, not nest root, puller, steady and sure soil; Soil drought when planting seedlings, should water in time;
To plant seedlings configuration: adopt rectangle configuration, seeding row spacing 2 × 1.5m; Wooden quantity per hectare 3300 strain of planting seedlings;
Tending management: carry out in time after planting seedlings filling the gaps with seedlings, weeding with a hoe, continuous 3 years, annual 1 time.
2. recovering method after cool temperate zone grass class Larix gmeliniforest burned area fire according to claim 1, is characterized in that: light/impaired burned area of moderate is implemented to upgrade when having the larch elite stand that can provide sufficient provenance and taked step per hectare whole plot in whole ground in the method for artificial accelerate natural regeneration to be 500.
3. recovering method after cool temperate zone grass class Larix gmeliniforest burned area fire according to claim 1, is characterized in that: it is 500 that light/impaired burned area of moderate is implemented to take artificial seeding to carry out step per hectare whole plot in whole ground in the method upgraded when renewal does not have the larch elite stand that can provide sufficient provenance.
4. recovering method after cool temperate zone grass class Larix gmeliniforest burned area fire according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the method carrying out upgrading of taking manually to plant seedlings when light/moderate impaired burned area enforcement renewal does not have the larch elite stand that can provide sufficient provenance, wooden quantity of planting seedlings adds that burned area retains larch quantity is 3300 strains/hm
2.
5. recovering method after cool temperate zone grass class Larix gmeliniforest burned area fire according to claim 1, is characterized in that: it is 1500 that severe and pole severe impaired burned area enforcement renewal adopt artificial seeding to carry out step per hectare whole plot in whole ground in the method upgraded.
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| CN1129513A (en) * | 1995-07-25 | 1996-08-28 | 何玉琦 | Interval felling method of forests in temperate zone and cold temperate zone |
| CN103703972A (en) * | 2013-12-10 | 2014-04-09 | 大兴安岭林业集团公司农业林业科学研究院 | Method for recovering cold temperate zone forest wetland vegetation after extremely severe fire |
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| CN1129513A (en) * | 1995-07-25 | 1996-08-28 | 何玉琦 | Interval felling method of forests in temperate zone and cold temperate zone |
| CN103703972A (en) * | 2013-12-10 | 2014-04-09 | 大兴安岭林业集团公司农业林业科学研究院 | Method for recovering cold temperate zone forest wetland vegetation after extremely severe fire |
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