CN104054552A - Post-fire recovery method for cold temperate zone grass type Xing'an larch forest burned area - Google Patents
Post-fire recovery method for cold temperate zone grass type Xing'an larch forest burned area Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a post-fire recovery method for a cold temperate zone grass type Xing'an larch forest burned area, and aims to put forward a detailed and systematic post-fire recovery method specific to burned areas of the grass type Xing'an larch forests in various damage extents. According to the recovery method for the cold temperate zone grass type Xing'an larch forest burned area in various conditions, through a burned area survey, the exact time of the forest fire, the damaged level of the burned area, the forest stand forest stand before the fire, the condition that whether larch seed trees in the burned area can provide sufficient provenances for area renewal or not, the site condition survey of the burned area and renewed plant investigation of the burned area can be determined, through the judge of seed year, different damage levels can be determined, and whether larch can provide sufficient provenances for area renewal or not can be determined, so that a technical support for large area burned area ecological restoration engineering construction is provided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ecological recovery technical field, particularly relate to recovering method after a kind of cool temperate zone grass class Dahurian larch woods burned area fire.
Background technology
Manchurian taiga is the southernmost end of traversing the Eurasian needle forest zone in the north, Eurasia, belongs to the bright softwood forest in the sub-south of thing uncle part of extending to the south.This region is one of the main timber forest of China base, and Forestland and grassland rate reaches more than 70%.Dahurian larch is the seeds that this region has comparative advantage.
Dahurian larch accommodation is very wide, in the chad mountain region compared with drought and barren and the wet marshland of water, all can grow and grow into forest.Its root system has very strong plasticity, can be on deeper fertile soil, form flourishing root system, grow up to perfectly straight tall and big forest, again can be in serious bogginess, there is the shallow root system that forms top layer on the soil of permafrost haorizon, and along with the accumulation of marshland mosses (being generally bog moss) with thicken, constantly sprout adventive root to adapt to this special clammy habitat, form very low " stunted tree " of productivity.
Due to larch ecologic adaptation wide range, according to the difference of habitat conditions, Dahurian larch woods has very big-difference in plant composition, structure, appearance and productivity of forest stand.
Grass class Dahurian larch woods, in Region of The Northern Part of Daxinganling is distributed in the scope of height above sea level 300～800m, is distributed within the scope of height above sea level 950～1500m in south.Mostly be tailo and half tailo, the gradient is 6～10 °, even larger, but can not exceed 20 °.Soil is sward brown coniferous forest soil, and thicker soil has thick humus layer.Due to weather and soil condition all better, the productivity of this crop type is the highest in the crop type of whole Dahurian larch woodss, site class can reach I～II level.Feature on structure of community is that plant species is more, and except tree stratum, has a fully flourishing herbaceous layer.Tree stratum, up to 22～28m, reaches as high as 30m.Crown density are 0.5～0.7.Mainly preponderated by Dahurian larch, have more white birch and aspen mixed raw, sometimes form the second layer by white birch.Different from other crop types, there is not high shrub layer and brushwood layer in this crop type, but have flourishing herbaceous layer.The total cover-degree of herbaceous layer can reach more than 90%, and height can reach 50～100cm.Main species has Deyeuxia angustifolia, great Ye chapter, sedge, singletary pea, Baikal vetch, garden burnet, bigleaf thorowax root, suede back of the body geranium wilfordii, manystem vetch herb, wide leaf mountain wormwood artemisia, great Ye vetch, the Ye Qingmao of Xingan etc.Liver moss lichens is in this crop type agensis.
Forest zone, Daxing'an Mountainrange is that the most serious region occurs China's forest fires, because mountain shape is gentle, once forest fires occur, spreads rapidly, often forms large-area burned area.Up to the present, forest zone, Daxing'an Mountainrange exists the large-area different careless class Dahurian larch woods burned area of burning time, different fire intensities.But the rear recovery pattern of burned area fire and technology for the detailed system of this crop type lack, and cannot meet the needs that large area burned area Ecological Restoration Works is built.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of for the different extent of damage burned areas of careless class Dahurian larch woods recovering method in detail and after the fire of system, for the construction of large area burned area Ecological Restoration Works provides technical support.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, recovering method after a kind of cool temperate zone grass of the present invention class Dahurian larch woods burned area fire, comprises following steps:
(1) burned area investigation:
Determine the exact time that forest fires occur: the exact time of determining that by searching fire file forest fires occur;
Determine the impaired rank of burned area:
Slight impaired burned area: the standing tree of being injured is less than 20%;
The impaired burned area of moderate: the standing tree 20%～49% of being injured;
The impaired burned area of severe: the standing tree 50%～90% of being injured;
The impaired burned area of utmost point severe: the standing tree of being injured is greater than 90%;
Stand Status before definite fire: retain definite age and the breeding status of burning front standing forest of larch by searching historical archives and burned area;
Judge that can the larch elite stand on burned area upgrade sufficient provenance is provided for slash:
The impaired burned area of gently/moderate;
Before fire, standing forest is mature forest, and has started solid in a large number;
The average diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of burned area larch elite stand is greater than 20cm;
Meet above three conditions the larch elite stand on burned area can upgrade sufficient provenance is provided for slash;
Burned area land occupation condition investigation: investigation index comprises the gradient, slope aspect, thickness of soil, soil grass roots dish knot degree;
Burned area has upgraded vegetation investigation: investigation index comprise upgrade vegetation and plant species composition, highly, cover degree, cover degree index comprises earth's surface herbaceous plant cover degree;
(2) whether be the judgement of seed year then, adopt following methods:
The mean temperature in June the previous year significantly exceeds for many years the temperature mean value same period, and Irradiance is good simultaneously;
Mid-February, larch spray solution culture showed that larch has a large amount of solid possibilities to mid-March then;
In May then there is not rainfall and freeze injury weather in larch loose powder phase in the first tenday period of a month and pollen tube germinating phase;
Meeting above three conditions is seed year then;
(3) the impaired burned area of light/moderate is implemented to upgrade
There is the method for taking artificial accelerate natural regeneration when the larch of sufficient provenance elite stand can be provided:
The engineering construction time: the autumn that seed year occurs, and will before a large amount of plantings of larch in October, complete;
Whole ground: block area 1m*2m, cut off earth's surface herbaceous layer, and the divot of shooting off reaches 8-10cm, the whole plot 450-550 of per hectare;
Tending management: reseed in time, fill the gaps with seedlings, weed with a hoe after engineering construction Second Year comes up, continue 5 years, annual 1 time;
Do not there is the method for taking artificial seeding or planting seedlings when the larch of sufficient provenance elite stand can be provided:
Artificial seeding:
The engineering construction time: the autumn that seed year occurs or Second Year spring;
Whole ground: block area 1m*2m, cut off earth's surface herbaceous layer, and the divot of shooting off reaches 8-10cm, the whole plot 450-550 of per hectare.
Sowing: after seed year, Second Year early or mid April snow is broadcast on snow before not melting;
Tending management: reseed in time, fill the gaps with seedlings, weed with a hoe after engineering construction Second Year comes up, continue 5 years, annual 1 time;
Manually plant seedlings:
Whole ground: adopt circular cave-shaped land preparation mode, footpath, cave and cave deeply all more than 30cm, plant seedlings previous month whole ground or with whole with planting seedlings;
Nursery stock specification: the I, the 2 years raw bareroot seedlings of II level Dahurian larch that use GB6000 to specify;
The method of planting seedlings: spring or rainy season, adopt slit planting, with uprooting or spade cracks, put into nursery stock in the circular pocket on whole ground, the depth is suitable, not nest root, puller, steady and sure soil, soil drought while planting seedlings, should water in time;
The configuration of planting seedlings: adopt rectangle configuration, seeding row spacing 2 × 1.5m, the wooden quantity of planting seedlings adds that slash retains larch quantity and is no more than 3300 strains/hm
2;
Tending management: after planting seedlings, fill the gaps with seedlings in time, weed with a hoe, continuous 3 years, annual 1 time;
(4) the impaired burned area of severe and utmost point severe is implemented to upgrade
Because shortage provides the elite stand of larch provenance, take artificial seeding and manually plant seedlings two kinds of update methods:
Artificial seeding:
Burned area cleaning: burning wood to death, wood is cleared out of burned area;
Engineering construction period: implement again after earth's surface vegetation cover degree exceedes more than 60%;
The engineering construction time: the autumn that seed year occurs;
Whole ground: block area 1m*2m, cut off earth's surface herbaceous layer, and the divot of shooting off reaches 8-10cm, the whole plot 1450-1550 of per hectare;
Sowing: after seed year, Second Year early or mid April snow is broadcast on snow before not melting;
Tending management: reseed in time, fill the gaps with seedlings, weed with a hoe after engineering construction Second Year comes up, continue 5 years, annual 1 time;
Manually plant seedlings
Burned area cleaning: burning wood to death, wood is cleared out of burned area;
Engineering construction period: implement again after earth's surface vegetation cover degree exceedes more than 60%;
Whole ground: adopt circular cave-shaped land preparation mode, footpath, cave and cave deeply all more than 30cm, plant seedlings previous month whole ground or with whole with planting seedlings;
Nursery stock specification: the I, the 2 years raw bareroot seedlings of II level Dahurian larch that use GB6000 to specify;
The method of planting seedlings: spring or rainy season, adopt slit planting, with uprooting or spade cracks, put into nursery stock in the circular pocket on whole ground, the depth is suitable, not nest root, puller, steady and sure soil.Soil drought while planting seedlings, should water in time;
The configuration of planting seedlings: adopt rectangle configuration, seeding row spacing 2 × 1.5m; Wooden quantity 3300 strains of planting seedlings.
Tending management: after planting seedlings, fill the gaps with seedlings in time, weed with a hoe, continuous 3 years, annual 1 time.
Wherein the impaired burned area of light/moderate implements to upgrade that to have step per hectare whole plot in whole ground in the method for taking artificial accelerate natural regeneration when the larch of sufficient provenance elite stand can be provided be 500.
Wherein the impaired burned area of light/moderate is implemented to upgrade and is not had that when the larch of sufficient provenance elite stand can be provided, to take the whole plot of step per hectare, whole ground in method that artificial seeding upgrades be 500.
Wherein the impaired burned area of light/moderate is implemented to upgrade and is not had the wooden quantity of planting seedlings in the method for upgrading of taking manually to plant seedlings when the larch of sufficient provenance elite stand can be provided and add that burned area retention larch quantity is 3300 strains/hm
2.
In the method that wherein the impaired burned area enforcement of severe and utmost point severe renewal employing artificial seeding upgrades, the whole plot of step per hectare, whole ground is 1500.
The invention difference from existing technology is that the present invention has obtained following technique effect:
1, after a kind of cool temperate zone of the present invention grass class Dahurian larch woods burned area fire, recovering method is for the different extent of damage burned areas of careless class Dahurian larch woods recovering method in detail and after the fire of system, for the construction of large area burned area Ecological Restoration Works provides technical support, the present invention can effectively solve after cool temperate zone damaged ecosystem is degenerated and only depend on nature long recovery time, the uncertain difficult problem of succession direction, effectively promote the succession of burned area vegetation forward, simultaneously fast quick-recovery ecosystem original function;
2, after a kind of cool temperate zone grass of the present invention class Dahurian larch woods burned area fire recovering method according to synecology, Fire ecology and vegetation succession rule, carry out systems organization, adopt the artificial method that promotes that natural and artificial reforestation combines, can save the input of human and material resources, financial resources etc., be the effective measures of fast quick-recovery burned area.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, technical characterictic and the advantage with other above-mentioned to the present invention are described in more detail.
Embodiment 1
Gently/moderate burn slash can provide the recovery embodiment of provenance
The present embodiment is implemented place and is positioned at Pine Ridge, Daxing'an Mountainrange State Forestry Administration, P.R. China, and implementing the time is 2011.
(1) burned area investigation:
Determine the exact time that forest fires occur:
The exact time of determining forest fires generation by searching fire file is in June, 2006.Determine the impaired rank of burned area:
The standing tree 19% of being injured, belongs to slight impaired burned area.
Determine the front Stand Status of fire:
By search historical archives and burned area retain larch determine: burn before standing forest for becoming
Ripe woods, and started solid in a large number; The average diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 23cm of burned area larch elite stand.Judge that can the larch elite stand on burned area upgrade sufficient provenance is provided for slash:
The impaired burned area of gently/moderate;
Before fire, standing forest is mature forest, and has started solid in a large number;
The average diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of burned area larch elite stand is greater than 20cm;
Because burned area meets above three conditions, so judge the larch mother on burned area
Tree can upgrade sufficient provenance is provided for slash;
The investigation of burned area land occupation condition:
The gradient: <1 °
Slope aspect: Dong Po
Thickness of soil: >30cm
Soil grass roots dish knot degree: height
Burned area has upgraded vegetation investigation:
Renewal vegetation and plant species composition:
Arbor treelet and seedling:
Dahurian larch: 55 strains/hm
2
Mongolian oak: 100 strains/hm
2
Aspen: 200 strains/hm
2
White birch: 430 strains/hm
2
Shrub treelet and seedling: quantity is few.
Herbaceous plant: herbaceous plant riotous growth, main species have sedge, Deyeuxia angustifolia, great Ye chapter etc.; Herbaceous plant total cover-degree 95%; Average height 70cm.
Upgrade vegetation total cover-degree: 95%
Whether (2) 2011 years be the judgement of seed year, adopts following methods:
The mean temperature in June, 2010 significantly exceeds for many years the temperature mean value same period, and Irradiance is good simultaneously;
In mid-February, 2011, larch spray solution culture showed that larch has a large amount of solid possibilities to mid-March;
In in May, 2011 there is not rainfall and freeze injury weather in larch loose powder phase in the first tenday period of a month and pollen tube germinating phase;
Judging thus 2011 is seed year.
(3) the impaired burned area of light/moderate is implemented to upgrade
The engineering construction time: autumn in 2011, complete before a large amount of plantings of larch in October;
Whole ground: block area 1m*2m, cut off earth's surface herbaceous layer, and the divot of shooting off reaches 8-10cm, 500, the whole plot of per hectare;
Tending management: the " Invest, Then Investigate " that comes up for 2012 discovery, seedling 3-4 strain is on average germinated in each whole plot; Summer in 2012 does not have the germinating whole plot of seedling and the whole plot of seedling less than 2 strains to carry out the processing of filling the gaps with seedlings to those, ensures that each whole plot seedling numbers is more than or equal to 2 strains; The weeds that autumn in 2012 around germinates seedling are cleared up; Autumn in 2013 is controlled seedling numbers on the one hand, and each whole plot retains seedling 2-3 strain, on the other hand seedling weeds is around cleared up.Autumn in 2013, investigation was found, Larch Seedling mean height reaches 24cm.Carry out tending management by continuation to seedling follow-up autumn in 2014,2015,2016.
Embodiment 2
Gently/moderate burn slash can not provide the employing artificial seeding of provenance to recover embodiment
The present embodiment is implemented place and is positioned at Han Jia park, Daxing'an Mountainrange State Forestry Administration, P.R. China, and implementing the time is 2011.
(1) burned area investigation:
Determine the exact time that forest fires occur:
The exact time of determining forest fires generation by searching fire file is in May, 2006; Determine the impaired rank of burned area:
The standing tree 19% of being injured, slight impaired burned area;
Determine the front Stand Status of fire:
Retain larch discovery by searching historical archives and burned area, before fire, standing forest is middle children
Age woods, the average diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 11cm of larch elite stand, solid not yet in a large number.
Judge that can the larch elite stand on burned area upgrade sufficient provenance is provided for slash:
Although burned area is light/impaired burned area of moderate, because standing forest before fire still belongs to middle young growth, the average diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground is less than 20cm, solid not yet in a large number, so judge that the larch elite stand on this burned area can not upgrade sufficient provenance is provided as slash.
The investigation of burned area land occupation condition:
The gradient: <1 °
Slope aspect: Dong Po
Thickness of soil: >30cm
Soil grass roots dish knot degree: height
Burned area has upgraded vegetation investigation
Renewal vegetation and plant species composition:
Arbor treelet and seedling:
Dahurian larch: 30 strains/hm
2
Mongolian oak: 150 strains/hm
2
Aspen: 100 strains/hm
2
White birch: 350 strains/hm
2
Shrub treelet and seedling: quantity is few.
Herbaceous plant: herbaceous plant riotous growth, main species have sedge, Deyeuxia angustifolia, great Ye chapter etc.; Herbaceous plant cover degree: 99%; Herbaceous plant mean height 60cm.
Upgrade vegetation total cover-degree: 99%
Whether (2) 2011 years be the judgement of seed year, adopts following methods:
The mean temperature in June, 2010 significantly exceeds for many years the temperature mean value same period, and Irradiance is good simultaneously;
In mid-February, 2011, larch spray solution culture showed that larch has a large amount of solid possibilities to mid-March;
In in May, 2011 there is not rainfall and freeze injury weather in larch loose powder phase in the first tenday period of a month and pollen tube germinating phase;
2011 over being enough to upper three conditions, is seed year so judge 2011;
(3) the impaired burned area of light/moderate is implemented to upgrade
Artificial seeding:
The engineering construction time: autumn in 2011;
Whole ground: block area 1m*2m, cut off earth's surface herbaceous layer, and the divot of shooting off reaches 8-10cm, 500, the whole plot of per hectare.
Sowing: in early or mid April, 2012 snow is broadcast on snow before not melting;
Tending management:
The " Invest, Then Investigate " that comes up for 2012 discovery, seedling 3-4 strain is on average germinated in each whole plot; Summer in 2012 does not have the germinating whole plot of seedling and the whole plot of seedling less than 2 strains to carry out the processing of filling the gaps with seedlings to those, ensures that each whole plot seedling numbers is more than or equal to 2 strains; The weeds that autumn in 2012 around germinates seedling are cleared up; Autumn in 2013 is controlled seedling numbers on the one hand, and each whole plot retains seedling 2-3 strain, on the other hand seedling weeds is around cleared up.Autumn in 2013, investigation was found, Larch Seedling mean height reaches 23cm.Carry out tending management by continuation to seedling follow-up autumn in 2014,2015,2016.
Embodiment 3
Gently/moderate burn slash can not provide the employing of the provenance recovery embodiment that manually plants seedlings
The present embodiment is implemented place and is positioned at Han Jia park, Daxing'an Mountainrange State Forestry Administration, P.R. China, and implementing the time is 2012.
(1) burned area investigation:
Determine the exact time that forest fires occur:
The exact time of determining forest fires generation by searching fire file is in May, 2006; Determine the impaired rank of burned area:
The standing tree 19% of being injured, belongs to slight impaired burned area; Determine the front Stand Status of fire:
Retain larch discovery by searching historical archives and burned area, before fire, standing forest is middle young growth, and the average diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 11cm of larch elite stand is solid not yet in a large number.
Judge that can the larch elite stand on burned area upgrade sufficient provenance is provided for slash:
Although burned area is light/impaired burned area of moderate, because standing forest before fire still belongs to middle young growth, the average diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground is less than 20cm, solid not yet in a large number, so judge that the larch elite stand on this burned area can not upgrade the provenance that provides sufficient as becoming.
The investigation of burned area land occupation condition:
The gradient: <1 °
Slope aspect: Dong Po
Thickness of soil: >30cm
Soil grass roots dish knot degree: height
Burned area has upgraded vegetation investigation
Renewal vegetation and plant species composition:
Arbor treelet and seedling:
Dahurian larch: 55 strains/hm
2
Mongolian oak: 100 strains/hm
2
Aspen: 200 strains/hm
2
White birch: 330 strains/hm
2
Shrub treelet and seedling: quantity is few.
Herbaceous plant: herbaceous plant riotous growth, main species have sedge, Deyeuxia angustifolia, great Ye chapter etc.; Herbaceous plant cover degree: 99%; Herbaceous plant height 60cm.
Upgrade vegetation total cover-degree: 99%
(2) the impaired burned area of light/moderate is implemented to upgrade
Manually plant seedlings:
Whole ground: spring in 2012, adopt circular cave-shaped land preparation mode, footpath, cave and cave deeply all more than 30cm, with whole with planting seedlings;
Nursery stock specification: the I, the 2 years raw bareroot seedlings of II level Dahurian larch that use GB6000 to specify;
The method of planting seedlings: adopt slit planting, with uprooting or spade cracks, put into nursery stock in the circular pocket on whole ground, the depth is suitable, not nest root, puller, steady and sure soil, because of soil drought, waters while planting seedlings;
The configuration of planting seedlings: adopt rectangle configuration, seeding row spacing 2 × 1.5m, wooden quantity 1200 strains of planting seedlings;
Tending management:
2012, autumn in 2013 planted seedlings wood has all been carried out to tending management, removing nursery stock affects the weeds of its growth around.Autumn in 2013, investigation was found, plant percent 85%, nursery stock mean height 95cm are planted by institute.Continuation in 2014 is carried out tending management to nursery stock.
Embodiment 4
The employing artificial seeding of severe and utmost point severe burned area recovers embodiment
The present embodiment is implemented place and is positioned at Han Jia park, Daxing'an Mountainrange State Forestry Administration, P.R. China, and implementing the time is 2011.
(1) burned area investigation:
Determine the exact time that forest fires occur:
The exact time of determining forest fires generation by searching fire file is in May, 2006;
Determine the impaired rank of burned area:
The standing tree 80% of being injured, belongs to the impaired burned area of severe.
Determine the front Stand Status of fire:
Retain larch discovery by searching historical archives and burned area, before fire, standing forest is middle young growth, and the average diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 11cm of larch elite stand is solid not yet in a large number.
Judge that can the larch elite stand on burned area upgrade sufficient provenance is provided for slash:
Because burned area belongs to severe burned area, and before fire, standing forest is middle young growth, so the larch elite stand on burned area can not upgrade sufficient provenance is provided for slash.
The investigation of burned area land occupation condition:
The gradient: <1 °
Slope aspect: Dong Po
Thickness of soil: >30cm
Soil grass roots dish knot degree: height
Burned area has upgraded vegetation investigation:
Renewal vegetation and plant species composition:
Arbor treelet and seedling:
Dahurian larch: 70 strains/hm
2
Mongolian oak: 150 strains/hm
2
Aspen: 220 strains/hm
2
White birch: 410 strains/hm
2
Shrub treelet and seedling: quantity is few.
Herbaceous plant: herbaceous plant riotous growth, main species have sedge, Deyeuxia angustifolia, great Ye chapter etc.; Herbaceous plant cover degree 98%; Herbaceous plant height 60cm.
Upgrade vegetation cover degree: 98%
Whether (2) 2011 years be the judgement of seed year, adopts following methods:
The mean temperature in June, 2010 significantly exceeds for many years the temperature mean value same period, and Irradiance is good simultaneously;
In mid-February, 2011, larch spray solution culture showed that larch has a large amount of solid possibilities to mid-March;
In in May, 2011 there is not rainfall and freeze injury weather in larch loose powder phase in the first tenday period of a month and pollen tube germinating phase;
Because 2011 over being enough to upper three conditions, be seed year so judge 2011;
(3) the impaired burned area of weight/utmost point severe is implemented to upgrade
The engineering construction time: autumn in 2011;
Whole ground: block area 1m*2m, cut off earth's surface herbaceous layer, and the divot of shooting off reaches 8-10cm, 1500, the whole plot of per hectare.
Sowing: in early or mid April, 2012 snow is broadcast on snow before not melting;
Tending management:
The " Invest, Then Investigate " that comes up for 2012 discovery, seedling 3-4 strain is on average germinated in each whole plot; Summer in 2012 does not have the germinating whole plot of seedling and the whole plot of seedling less than 2 strains to carry out the processing of filling the gaps with seedlings to those, ensures that each whole plot seedling numbers is more than or equal to 2 strains; The weeds that autumn in 2012 around germinates seedling are cleared up; Autumn in 2013 is controlled seedling numbers on the one hand, and each whole plot retains seedling 2-3 strain, on the other hand seedling weeds is around cleared up.Autumn in 2013, investigation was found, Larch Seedling mean height reaches 25cm.Carry out tending management by continuation to seedling follow-up autumn in 2014,2015,2016.
Embodiment 5
The employing of severe and the utmost point severe burned area recovery embodiment that manually plants seedlings
The present embodiment is implemented place and is positioned at Han Jia park, Daxing'an Mountainrange State Forestry Administration, P.R. China, and implementing the time is 2012.
(1) burned area investigation:
Determine the exact time that forest fires occur:
The exact time of determining forest fires generation by searching fire file is in May, 2006;
Determine the impaired rank of burned area:
The standing tree 80% of being injured, belongs to the impaired burned area of severe.
Determine the front Stand Status of fire:
Retain larch discovery by searching historical archives and burned area, before fire, standing forest is middle young growth, and the average diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 11cm of larch elite stand is solid not yet in a large number.
Judge that can the larch elite stand on burned area upgrade sufficient provenance is provided for slash:
Because burned area belongs to severe burned area, and before fire, standing forest is middle young growth, so the larch elite stand on burned area can not upgrade sufficient provenance is provided for slash.
The investigation of burned area land occupation condition:
The gradient: <1 °
Slope aspect: Dong Po
Thickness of soil: >30cm
Soil grass roots dish knot degree: height
Burned area has upgraded vegetation investigation:
Renewal vegetation and plant species composition:
Arbor treelet and seedling:
Dahurian larch: 70 strains/hm
2
Mongolian oak: 150 strains/hm
2
Aspen: 220 strains/hm
2
White birch: 410 strains/hm
2
Shrub treelet and seedling: quantity is few.
Herbaceous plant: herbaceous plant riotous growth, main species have sedge, Deyeuxia angustifolia, great Ye
Chapter etc.; Herbaceous plant cover degree 98%; Herbaceous plant mean height 60cm.
Upgrade vegetation cover degree: 98%
(2) the impaired burned area of severe is implemented to upgrade
Manually plant seedlings:
Whole ground: spring in 2012, adopt circular cave-shaped land preparation mode, footpath, cave and cave deeply all more than 30cm, with whole with planting seedlings;
Nursery stock specification: the I, the 2 years raw bareroot seedlings of II level Dahurian larch that use GB6000 to specify;
The method of planting seedlings: adopt slit planting, with uprooting or spade cracks, put into nursery stock in the circular pocket on whole ground, the depth is suitable, not nest root, puller, steady and sure soil, because of soil drought, waters while planting seedlings;
The configuration of planting seedlings: adopt rectangle configuration, seeding row spacing 2 × 1.5m, wooden quantity 3300 strains of planting seedlings;
Tending management:
2012, autumn in 2013 planted seedlings wood has all been carried out to tending management, removing nursery stock affects the weeds of its growth around.Autumn in 2013, investigation was found, plant percent 85%, nursery stock mean height 97cm are planted by institute.Continuation in 2014 is carried out tending management to nursery stock.
Above-described embodiment is described the preferred embodiment of the present invention; not scope of the present invention is limited; design under the prerequisite of spirit not departing from the present invention; various distortion and improvement that those of ordinary skill in the art make technical scheme of the present invention, all should fall in the definite protection domain of the claims in the present invention book.
Claims (5)
1. a recovering method after cool temperate zone grass class Dahurian larch woods burned area fire, is characterized in that comprising following steps:
(1) burned area investigation:
Determine the exact time that forest fires occur: the exact time of determining that by searching fire file forest fires occur;
Determine the impaired rank of burned area:
Slight impaired burned area: the standing tree of being injured is less than 20%;
The impaired burned area of moderate: the standing tree 20%～49% of being injured;
The impaired burned area of severe: the standing tree 50%～90% of being injured;
The impaired burned area of utmost point severe: the standing tree of being injured is greater than 90%;
Stand Status before definite fire: retain definite age and the breeding status of burning front standing forest of larch by searching historical archives and burned area;
Judge that can the larch elite stand on burned area upgrade sufficient provenance is provided for slash:
The impaired burned area of gently/moderate;
Before fire, standing forest is mature forest, and has started solid in a large number;
The average diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of burned area larch elite stand is greater than 20cm;
Meet above three conditions the larch elite stand on burned area can upgrade sufficient provenance is provided for slash;
Burned area land occupation condition investigation: investigation index comprises the gradient, slope aspect, thickness of soil, soil grass roots dish knot degree;
Burned area has upgraded vegetation investigation: investigation index comprise upgrade vegetation and plant species composition, highly, cover degree, cover degree index comprises earth's surface herbaceous plant cover degree;
(2) whether be the judgement of seed year then, adopt following methods:
The mean temperature in June the previous year significantly exceeds for many years the temperature mean value same period, and Irradiance is good simultaneously;
Mid-February, larch spray solution culture showed that larch has a large amount of solid possibilities to mid-March then;
In May then there is not rainfall and freeze injury weather in larch loose powder phase in the first tenday period of a month and pollen tube germinating phase;
Meeting above three conditions is seed year then;
(3) the impaired burned area of light/moderate is implemented to upgrade
There is the method for taking artificial accelerate natural regeneration when the larch of sufficient provenance elite stand can be provided:
The engineering construction time: the autumn that seed year occurs, and will before a large amount of plantings of larch in October, complete;
Whole ground: block area 1m*2m, cut off earth's surface herbaceous layer, and the divot of shooting off reaches 8-10cm, the whole plot 450-550 of per hectare;
Tending management: reseed in time, fill the gaps with seedlings, weed with a hoe after engineering construction Second Year comes up, continue 5 years, annual 1 time;
Do not there is the method for taking artificial seeding or planting seedlings when the larch of sufficient provenance elite stand can be provided:
Artificial seeding:
The engineering construction time: the autumn that seed year occurs or Second Year spring;
Whole ground: block area 1m*2m, cut off earth's surface herbaceous layer, and the divot of shooting off reaches 8-10cm, the whole plot 450-550 of per hectare.
Sowing: after seed year, Second Year early or mid April snow is broadcast on snow before not melting;
Tending management: reseed in time, fill the gaps with seedlings, weed with a hoe after engineering construction Second Year comes up, continue 5 years, annual 1 time;
Manually plant seedlings:
Whole ground: adopt circular cave-shaped land preparation mode, footpath, cave and cave deeply all more than 30cm, plant seedlings previous month whole ground or with whole with planting seedlings;
Nursery stock specification: the I, the 2 years raw bareroot seedlings of II level Dahurian larch that use GB6000 to specify;
The method of planting seedlings: spring or rainy season, adopt slit planting, with uprooting or spade cracks, put into nursery stock in the circular pocket on whole ground, the depth is suitable, not nest root, puller, steady and sure soil, soil drought while planting seedlings, should water in time;
The configuration of planting seedlings: adopt rectangle configuration, seeding row spacing 2 × 1.5m, the wooden quantity of planting seedlings adds that slash retains larch quantity and is no more than 3300 strains/hm
2;
Tending management: after planting seedlings, fill the gaps with seedlings in time, weed with a hoe, continuous 3 years, annual 1 time;
(4) the impaired burned area of severe and utmost point severe is implemented to upgrade
Because shortage provides the elite stand of larch provenance, take artificial seeding and manually plant seedlings two kinds of update methods:
Artificial seeding:
Burned area cleaning: burning wood to death, wood is cleared out of burned area;
Engineering construction period: implement again after earth's surface vegetation cover degree exceedes more than 60%;
The engineering construction time: the autumn that seed year occurs;
Whole ground: block area 1m*2m, cut off earth's surface herbaceous layer, and the divot of shooting off reaches 8-10cm, the whole plot 1450-1550 of per hectare;
Sowing: after seed year, Second Year early or mid April snow is broadcast on snow before not melting;
Tending management: reseed in time, fill the gaps with seedlings, weed with a hoe after engineering construction Second Year comes up, continue 5 years, annual 1 time;
Manually plant seedlings
Burned area cleaning: burning wood to death, wood is cleared out of burned area;
Engineering construction period: implement again after earth's surface vegetation cover degree exceedes more than 60%;
Whole ground: adopt circular cave-shaped land preparation mode, footpath, cave and cave deeply all more than 30cm, plant seedlings previous month whole ground or with whole with planting seedlings;
Nursery stock specification: the I, the 2 years raw bareroot seedlings of II level Dahurian larch that use GB6000 to specify;
The method of planting seedlings: spring or rainy season, adopt slit planting, with uprooting or spade cracks, put into nursery stock in the circular pocket on whole ground, the depth is suitable, not nest root, puller, steady and sure soil.Soil drought while planting seedlings, should water in time;
The configuration of planting seedlings: adopt rectangle configuration, seeding row spacing 2 × 1.5m; Wooden quantity per hectare 3300 strains of planting seedlings.
Tending management: after planting seedlings, fill the gaps with seedlings in time, weed with a hoe, continuous 3 years, annual 1 time.
2. recovering method after cool temperate zone grass class Dahurian larch woods burned area fire according to claim 1, is characterized in that: it is 500 that the impaired burned area enforcement of light/moderate renewal has step per hectare whole plot in whole ground in the method for taking artificial accelerate natural regeneration when the larch of sufficient provenance elite stand can be provided.
3. recovering method after cool temperate zone according to claim 1 grass class Dahurian larch woods burned area fire, is characterized in that: the impaired burned area of light/moderate is implemented to upgrade does not have that when the larch of sufficient provenance elite stand can be provided, to take the whole plot of step per hectare, whole ground in method that artificial seeding upgrades be 500.
4. recovering method after cool temperate zone according to claim 1 grass class Dahurian larch woods burned area fire, is characterized in that: the impaired burned area of light/moderate is implemented to upgrade not to be had the wooden quantity of planting seedlings in the method for upgrading of taking manually to plant seedlings when the larch of sufficient provenance elite stand can be provided and add that burned area retention larch quantity is 3300 strains/hm
2.
5. recovering method after cool temperate zone grass class Dahurian larch woods burned area fire according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the method that the impaired burned area enforcement of severe and utmost point severe renewal employing artificial seeding upgrades, the whole plot of step per hectare, whole ground is 1500.
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| CN110447444A (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2019-11-15 | 广西大学 | The artificial method for promoting dalbergia odorifera natural regeneration |
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| CN113820444A (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2021-12-21 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for detecting influence of different burning strengths on underground soil seed bank |
| CN113820444B (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2023-06-16 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for detecting influence of different burning intensities on underground soil seed bank |
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