CN104054479B - Recovering method after a kind of cool temperate zone Du Xiang-Larix gmeliniforest burned area fire - Google Patents
Recovering method after a kind of cool temperate zone Du Xiang-Larix gmeliniforest burned area fire Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides recovering method after a kind of cool temperate zone Du Xiang-Larix gmeliniforest burned area fire, its object is to propose for the different extent of damage burned area of Du Xiang-Larix gmeliniforest recovering method in detail and after the fire of system, the present invention is investigated by burned area, determine the exact time that forest fires occur, the impaired rank of burned area, Stand Status before fire, can the larch elite stand on burned area provide sufficient provenance for slash upgrades, burned area land occupation condition is investigated, burned area upgrades vegetation investigation, and by the judgement of seed year, determine that can different impaired rank and larch upgrade the recovering method of cool temperate zone Du Xiang-Larix gmeliniforest burned area in the multiple situations such as the provenance providing sufficient for slash, for the construction of large area burned area Ecological Restoration Works provides technical support.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of biological recovery, particularly relate to recovering method after a kind of cool temperate zone Du Xiang-Larix gmeliniforest burned area fire.
Background technology
Manchurian taiga is the southernmost end in the Eurasian needle forest zone of traversing the north, Eurasia, belongs to the sub-south of thing uncle and to become clear the part that softwood forest extends southwards.This region is one of main timber forest base of China, and forestry vegetation bestrewing rate reaches more than 70%.Dahurian larch is the seeds that this region has comparative advantage.
Dahurian larch accommodation is very wide, at the marshland that chad mountain region and the water compared with drought and barren wets, all can grow and grow into forest.Its root system has very strong plasticity, can on deeper fertile soil, form flourishing root system, grow up to logical directly tall and big forest, again can in serious bogginess, the soil with permafrost haorizon is formed the shallow root system on top layer, and along with marshland mosses (being generally bog moss) accumulation and thicken, constantly sprout adventive root to adapt to this special clammy habitat, formed " stunted tree " that productivity is very low.
Due to larch ecologic adaptation wide range, according to the difference of habitat conditions, Larix gmeliniforest has very big-difference in plant composition, structure, appearance and productivity of forest stand.
Du Xiang-Larix gmeliniforest is one of Main forest types of Daxing'an Mountainrange Dahurian larch, and distribution is general.Be distributed in the bottom of Schattenseite and half Schattenseite, the gradient is between 5 ~ 10 ° more.Habitat is colder wet.Soil is incobation brown coniferous forest soil, has slight paludification phenomenon, and litter horizon decomposes bad.Soil layer is more shallow, permafrost haorizon to melt layer very shallow.
Due to above-mentioned on the spot feature, Du Xiang-Larix gmeliniforest standing tree growth is poor, and the sick corruption of forest is also more serious.On the composition of forest, except Dahurian larch, seldom have other species grow, even white birch, quantity is also little.Except tree stratum, there is brushwood layer and the liver moss layer of comparative development.The total cover-degree of brushwood layer reaches more than 90%.The advantage that Du Xiangzhan is absolute, next has blueberry.The herbaceous layer being in sustained height with brushwood layer has plant that is raw in grey arteries and veins sedge, jade hairpin sedge, Deyeuxia angustifolia, singletary pea, Baikal vetch etc. and middle humidogene.Liver moss layer also comparative development, total cover-degree is more than 40%, and the kind of composition is more, and main species has marsh wrinkle capsule moss, Plagiomnium aculum, Chinese juniper leaf pigeon-wheat, the bent tail moss of high mountain etc.; At low humidity place, then there is Sphagnum squarrosum Crom etc.
Daxinganling forest area is that the most serious region occurs China's forest fires, and because mountain shape eases up, forest fires, once occur, spread rapidly, often form large-area burned area.Up to the present, Daxinganling forest area also exists Du Xiang-Larix gmeliniforest burned area that large-area difference burns time, different fire intensity.But lack for reforestation practices after the burned area fire of the detailed system of this crop type and technology, the needs that large area burned area Ecological Restoration Works is built cannot be met.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention proposes for the different extent of damage burned area of Du Xiang-Larix gmeliniforest recovering method in detail and after the fire of system, for the construction of large area burned area Ecological Restoration Works provides technical support.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, recovering method after a kind of cool temperate zone Du Xiang-Larix gmeliniforest burned area fire of the present invention, comprises following steps:
(1) burned area investigation:
Determine the exact time that forest fires occur: by searching the exact time that fire file determination forest fires occur;
Determine the impaired rank of burned area:
Slight impaired burned area: standing tree of being injured is less than 20%;
The impaired burned area of moderate: standing tree 20% ~ 49% of being injured;
The impaired burned area of severe: standing tree 50% ~ 90% of being injured;
The impaired burned area of pole severe: standing tree of being injured is greater than 90%;
Stand Status before determining fire: by searching historical archives and burned area retains age and the breeding status that larch determines to burn front standing forest;
Judge that can the larch elite stand on burned area provide sufficient provenance as slash upgrades:
The impaired burned area of gently/moderate;
Before fire, standing forest is mature forest, and starts mast-fruiting event;
The mean DBH increment of burned area larch elite stand is greater than 20cm;
Meet the larch elite stand of above three conditions then on burned area and can provide sufficient provenance for slash upgrades;
Burned area land occupation condition is investigated: investigation index comprises the gradient, slope aspect, thickness of soil, soil grass roots dish knot degree;
Burned area upgrades vegetation investigation: investigation index comprise upgrade vegetation and plant species composition, highly, cover degree;
(2) be whether the judgement of seed year then, adopt following methods:
The mean temperature in June the previous year significantly exceed for many years the same period temperature mean value, Irradiance is good simultaneously;
Mid-February is to mid-March then, and larch spray solution culture shows that larch has the possibility of mast-fruiting event;
In May then there is not rainfall and Freezing injury weather in larch loose powder phase in the first tenday period of a month and pollen tube germinating phase;
Meeting above three conditions is then seed year then;
(3) the impaired burned area of light/moderate is implemented to upgrade
The method of artificial accelerate natural regeneration is taked when there is the larch elite stand that can provide sufficient provenance:
Build the stalk engineering construction time: the autumn that seed year occurs, and will complete before the large planting of larch in October;
Build stalk index: stalk spacing 2m, stalk tangent plane is trapezoidal, upper base, go to the bottom, height is respectively 0.2m, 0.5m, 0.3m;
Tending management: carry out the tending management of reseeding, filling the gaps with seedlings, weeding with a hoe after coming up in time, continues 5 years, annual 1 time;
The method taked artificial seeding when not there is the larch elite stand that can provide sufficient provenance or plant seedlings:
Artificial seeding:
Build the stalk engineering construction time: the spring of the autumn that seed year occurs or Second Year;
Build stalk index: stalk spacing 2m, stalk tangent plane is trapezoidal, upper base, go to the bottom, height is respectively 0.2m, 0.5m, 0.3m;
Sowing: after the whole thawing of Second Year early or mid May snow, seed is chosen ditch after seed year and be sowed on stalk, ditch depth 3-5cm;
Tending management: carry out the tending management of reseeding, filling the gaps with seedlings, weeding with a hoe after coming up in time, continues 5 years, annual 1 time;
Manually plant seedlings:
Build the stalk engineering construction time: plant seedlings the previous moon;
Build stalk index: stalk spacing 2m, stalk tangent plane is trapezoidal, upper base, go to the bottom, height is respectively 0.2m, 0.5m, 0.3m;
Nursery stock specification: I, II grade of Dahurian larch, the 2 years raw bareroot seedlings using GB6000 regulation;
To plant seedlings method: spring or rainy season, adopt slit planting, stalk cracks with hoe or spade, puts into nursery stock, the depth suitably, not nest root, puller, steady and sure soil;
Wooden quantity of planting seedlings adds that burned area is retained larch quantity and is no more than 3300 strains/hm
2;
Tending management: carry out the tending management of filling the gaps with seedlings, weeding with a hoe after planting seedlings in time, continuous 3 years, annual 1 time;
(4) severe and the impaired burned area of pole severe are implemented to upgrade
Owing to lacking the elite stand providing larch provenance, take artificial seeding and two kinds of update methods of manually planting seedlings:
Artificial seeding:
Burned area is cleared up: clear out of burned area burning wood, wood to death before building stalk;
Build the stalk engineering construction time: the spring of the autumn that seed year occurs or Second Year;
Build stalk index: stalk spacing 2m, stalk tangent plane is trapezoidal, upper base, go to the bottom, height is respectively 0.2m, 0.5m, 0.3m;
Sowing: after the whole thawing of Second Year early or mid May snow, seed is chosen ditch after seed year and be sowed on stalk, ditch depth 3-5cm;
Tending management: carry out the tending management of reseeding, filling the gaps with seedlings, weeding with a hoe after coming up in time, continues 5 years, annual 1 time;
Manually plant seedlings:
Burned area is cleared up: clear out of burned area burning wood, wood to death before building stalk;
Build the stalk engineering construction time: plant seedlings the previous moon;
Build stalk index: stalk spacing 2m, stalk tangent plane is trapezoidal, upper base, go to the bottom, height is respectively 0.2m, 0.5m, 0.3m;
Nursery stock specification: I, II grade of Dahurian larch, the 2 years raw bareroot seedlings using GB6000 regulation;
To plant seedlings method: spring or rainy season, adopt slit planting, stalk cracks with hoe or spade, puts into nursery stock, the depth suitably, not nest root, puller, steady and sure soil;
Stalk plants seedlings interval 1.5m;
Tending management: carry out the tending management of filling the gaps with seedlings, weeding with a hoe after planting seedlings in time, continuous 3 years, annual 1 time.
Wherein light/impaired burned area of moderate is implemented to upgrade wooden quantity of planting seedlings in the method taked manually to plant seedlings when not having the larch elite stand that can provide sufficient provenance and carry out upgrading and is added that burned area retention larch quantity is 3300 strains/hm
2.
The invention difference from existing technology is that the present invention achieves following technique effect:
1, after a kind of cool temperate zone Du Xiang of the present invention-Larix gmeliniforest burned area fire, recovering method is detailed for the different extent of damage burned area of Du Xiang-Larix gmeliniforest and recovering method after the fire of system, for the construction of large area burned area Ecological Restoration Works provides technical support, the present invention effectively can solve after cool temperate zone damaged ecosystem is degenerated and only lean on the clear-cutting forestland time long, the uncertain difficult problem in succession direction, the succession of effective promotion burned area vegetation forward, simultaneously quick restored ecosystem original function;
2, recovering method foundation synecology, Fire ecology and vegetation succession rule after a kind of cool temperate zone Du Xiang-Larix gmeliniforest burned area fire of the present invention, carry out systems organization, adopt the artificial method that natural and artificial reforestation combines that promotes, can save the input of human and material resources, financial resources etc., be the effective measures of fast quick-recovery burned area.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, to above-mentioned being described in more detail with other technical characteristic and advantage of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Gently/moderate burn slash can provide the recovery embodiment of provenance
It is Pine Ridge State Forestry Administration, P.R. China that the present embodiment implements place, and implementing the time is 2011.
(1) burned area investigation:
Determine the exact time that forest fires occur:
The exact time occurred by searching fire file determination forest fires is in June, 2006;
Determine the impaired rank of burned area:
To be injured standing tree 18%, to belong to slight impaired burned area;
Determine the front Stand Status of fire:
Retain larch investigation find by searching historical archives and burned area, before burning, standing forest is mature forest, and larch elite stand mean DBH increment 22cm, starts mast-fruiting event;
Judge that can the larch elite stand on burned area provide sufficient provenance as slash upgrades:
The impaired burned area of gently/moderate;
Before fire, standing forest is mature forest, and starts mast-fruiting event;
The mean DBH increment of burned area larch elite stand is greater than 20cm;
Burned area meets above three conditions, so judge the larch elite stand on burned area
Sufficient provenance can be provided for slash upgrades;
Burned area land occupation condition is investigated
The gradient: 0 °
Thickness of soil: >30cm
Soil grass roots dish knot degree: low
Burned area upgrades vegetation investigation
Renewal vegetation and plant species forms:
Arbor treelet and seedling:
Dahurian larch: 150 strains/hm
2
Aspen: 20 strains/hm
2
White birch: 30 strains/hm
2
Shrub treelet and seedling: shrub layer is flourishing, and dominant species is Du Xiang, and other also has great bilberry, meadow sweet etc.; Shrub mean height 30cm; Shrub total cover-degree 80%.
Herbaceous plant: herbaceous plant total cover-degree 30%, dominant species has sedge, Deyeuxia angustifolia, Herba Pyrolae incarnatae, blueberry etc.; Draft mean height 25cm.
Liver moss, lichens layer: total cover-degree 35%; Dominant species has marsh wrinkle capsule moss, Plagiomnium aculum, sparrow deer stamen etc.
Upgrade vegetation total cover-degree: 85%
Within (2) 2011 years, be whether the judgement of seed year, adopt following methods:
The mean temperature in June, 2010 significantly exceed for many years the same period temperature mean value, Irradiance is good simultaneously;
In mid-February, 2011, larch spray solution culture showed that larch has the possibility of mast-fruiting event to mid-March;
In in May, 2011 there is not rainfall and Freezing injury weather in larch loose powder phase in the first tenday period of a month and pollen tube germinating phase;
2011 over being enough to upper three conditions, so judgement is seed year in 2011;
(3) the impaired burned area of light/moderate is implemented to upgrade
Build the stalk engineering construction time: autumn in 2011, and complete before the large planting of larch in October;
Build stalk index: stalk spacing 2m, stalk tangent plane is trapezoidal, upper base, go to the bottom, height is respectively 0.2m, 0.5m, 0.3m;
Tending management: the investigation that comes up for 2012 finds, germinating seedling numbers 1200 strains/hectare;
2012 and carry out tending management to seedling autumn in 2013, it was raw to remove seedling ambient influence
Long weeds and shrub.Autumn in 2013, investigation found, Larch Seedling mean height 17.1cm.
Continuation was carried out tending management to seedling in 2014,2015,2016.
Embodiment 2
Gently/moderate burn slash can not provide the employing artificial seeding of provenance to recover embodiment
It is Pine Ridge State Forestry Administration, P.R. China that the present embodiment implements place, and implementing the time is 2011.
(1) burned area investigation:
Determine the exact time that forest fires occur:
The exact time occurred by searching fire file determination forest fires is in June, 2006;
Determine the impaired rank of burned area:
To be injured standing tree 19%, to belong to slight impaired burned area;
Determine the front Stand Status of fire:
Retain larch investigation find by searching historical archives and burned area, before burning, standing forest is Middle and young forest, larch mean DBH increment 10cm, not yet mast-fruiting event;
Judge that can the larch elite stand on burned area provide sufficient provenance as slash upgrades:
Although burned area is light/impaired burned area of moderate, because standing forest is Middle and young forest, not yet mast-fruiting event, therefore judge that the larch elite stand on burned area can not upgrade as slash the provenance providing abundance;
Burned area land occupation condition is investigated
The gradient: 0 °
Thickness of soil: >30cm
Soil grass roots dish knot degree: low
Burned area upgrades vegetation investigation
Arbor treelet and seedling:
Dahurian larch: 160 strains/hm
2
Aspen: 20 strains/hm
2
White birch: 30 strains/hm
2
Shrub treelet and seedling: shrub layer is flourishing, and dominant species is Du Xiang, and other also has great bilberry, meadow sweet etc.; Shrub mean height 32cm; Shrub total cover-degree 78%.
Herbaceous plant: herbaceous plant total cover-degree 35%, dominant species has sedge, Deyeuxia angustifolia, Herba Pyrolae incarnatae, blueberry etc.; Draft mean height 25cm.
Liver moss, lichens layer: total cover-degree 35%; Dominant species has marsh wrinkle capsule moss, Plagiomnium aculum, sparrow deer stamen etc.
Upgrade vegetation total cover-degree: 83%
Within (2) 2011 years, be whether the judgement of seed year, adopt following methods:
The mean temperature in June, 2010 significantly exceed for many years the same period temperature mean value, Irradiance is good simultaneously;
In mid-February, 2011, larch spray solution culture showed that larch has the possibility of mast-fruiting event to mid-March;
In in May, 2011 there is not rainfall and Freezing injury weather in larch loose powder phase in the first tenday period of a month and pollen tube germinating phase;
2011 over being enough to upper three conditions, so judgement is seed year in 2011;
(3) the impaired burned area of light/moderate is implemented to upgrade
Build the stalk engineering construction time: autumn in 2011;
Build stalk index: stalk spacing 2m, stalk tangent plane is trapezoidal, upper base, go to the bottom, height is respectively 0.2m, 0.5m, 0.3m;
Sowing: after the whole thawing of in early or mid May, 2012 snow, seed is chosen ditch and be sowed on stalk, ditch depth 3-5cm;
Tending management: the investigation that comes up for 2012 finds, germinating seedling numbers 1300 strains/hectare; 2012 and autumn in 2013 tending management is carried out to seedling, remove weeds and shrub of its growth of seedling ambient influence.Autumn in 2013, investigation found, Larch Seedling mean height 17.3cm.Continuation was carried out tending management to seedling in 2014,2015,2016.
Embodiment 3
Gently/moderate burn slash can not provide the employing of provenance manually to plant seedlings recovery embodiment
It is Pine Ridge State Forestry Administration, P.R. China that the present embodiment implements place, and implementing the time is 2012.
(1) burned area investigation:
Determine the exact time that forest fires occur:
The exact time occurred by searching fire file determination forest fires is in June, 2006;
Determine the impaired rank of burned area:
To be injured standing tree 18%, to belong to slight impaired burned area;
Determine the front Stand Status of fire:
Retain larch investigation find by searching historical archives and burned area, before burning, standing forest is
Middle and young forest, larch mean DBH increment 10cm, not yet mast-fruiting event;
Judge that can the larch elite stand on burned area provide sufficient provenance as slash upgrades:
Although burned area is light/impaired burned area of moderate, because standing forest is Middle and young forest, not yet mast-fruiting event, therefore judge that the larch elite stand on burned area can not upgrade as slash the provenance providing abundance;
Burned area land occupation condition is investigated
The gradient: 0 °
Thickness of soil: >30cm
Soil grass roots dish knot degree: low
Burned area upgrades vegetation investigation
Arbor treelet and seedling:
Dahurian larch: 150 strains/hm
2
Aspen: 20 strains/hm
2
White birch: 30 strains/hm
2
Shrub treelet and seedling: shrub layer is flourishing, and dominant species is Du Xiang, and other also has great bilberry, meadow sweet etc.; Shrub mean height 30cm; Shrub total cover-degree 80%.
Herbaceous plant: herbaceous plant total cover-degree 30%, dominant species has sedge, Deyeuxia angustifolia, Herba Pyrolae incarnatae, blueberry etc.; Draft mean height 25cm.
Liver moss, lichens layer: total cover-degree 35%; Dominant species has marsh wrinkle capsule moss, Plagiomnium aculum, sparrow deer stamen etc.
Upgrade vegetation total cover-degree: 85%
Within (2) 2011 years, be whether the judgement of seed year, adopt following methods:
The mean temperature in June, 2010 significantly exceed for many years the same period temperature mean value, Irradiance is good simultaneously;
In mid-February, 2011, larch spray solution culture showed that larch has the possibility of mast-fruiting event to mid-March;
In in May, 2011 there is not rainfall and Freezing injury weather in larch loose powder phase in the first tenday period of a month and pollen tube germinating phase;
2011 over being enough to upper three conditions, so judgement is seed year in 2011;
(3) the impaired burned area of light/moderate is implemented to upgrade
Build the stalk engineering construction time: in June, 2012;
Build stalk index: stalk spacing 2m, stalk tangent plane is trapezoidal, upper base, go to the bottom, height is respectively 0.2m, 0.5m, 0.3m;
Nursery stock specification: I, II grade of Dahurian larch, the 2 years raw bareroot seedlings using GB6000 regulation;
To plant seedlings method: in July, 2012, adopt slit planting, stalk cracks with hoe or spade, puts into nursery stock, the depth suitably, not nest root, puller, steady and sure soil;
Wooden quantity of planting seedlings adds that burned area is retained larch quantity and is no more than 3300 strains/hm
2;
Tending management: 2012 and carry out tending management to seedling autumn in 2013, removes weeds and shrub of its growth of seedling ambient influence.Autumn in 2013, investigation found, nursery stock survival rate 85%, Larch Seedling mean height 80.2cm.Continuation in 2014 carries out tending management to seedling.
Embodiment 4
The employing artificial seeding of severe and pole severe burned area recovers embodiment
It is Pine Ridge State Forestry Administration, P.R. China that the present embodiment implements place, and implementing the time is 2011.
(1) burned area investigation:
Determine the exact time that forest fires occur:
The exact time occurred by searching fire file determination forest fires is in June, 2006;
Determine the impaired rank of burned area:
To be injured standing tree 75%, to belong to the impaired burned area of severe;
Determine the front Stand Status of fire:
Retain larch investigation find by searching historical archives and burned area, before burning, standing forest is Middle and young forest, larch mean DBH increment 10cm, not yet mast-fruiting event;
Judge that can the larch elite stand on burned area provide sufficient provenance as slash upgrades:
Because burned area is the impaired burned area of severe, and standing forest is Middle and young forest, not yet mast-fruiting event, therefore judges that the larch elite stand on burned area can not upgrade as slash the provenance providing abundance;
Burned area land occupation condition is investigated
The gradient: 0 °
Thickness of soil: >30cm
Soil grass roots dish knot degree: low
Burned area upgrades vegetation investigation
Arbor treelet and seedling:
Dahurian larch: 200 strains/hm
2
Aspen: 20 strains/hm
2
White birch: 32 strains/hm
2
Shrub treelet and seedling: shrub layer is flourishing, and dominant species is Du Xiang, and other also has great bilberry, meadow sweet etc.; Shrub mean height 30cm; Shrub total cover-degree 80%.
Herbaceous plant: herbaceous plant total cover-degree 30%, dominant species has sedge, Deyeuxia angustifolia, Herba Pyrolae incarnatae, blueberry etc.; Draft mean height 25cm.
Liver moss, lichens layer: total cover-degree 38%; Dominant species has marsh wrinkle capsule moss, Plagiomnium aculum, sparrow deer stamen etc.
Upgrade vegetation total cover-degree: 85%
Within (2) 2011 years, be whether the judgement of seed year, adopt following methods:
The mean temperature in June, 2010 significantly exceed for many years the same period temperature mean value, Irradiance is good simultaneously;
In mid-February, 2011, larch spray solution culture showed that larch has the possibility of mast-fruiting event to mid-March;
In in May, 2011 there is not rainfall and Freezing injury weather in larch loose powder phase in the first tenday period of a month and pollen tube germinating phase;
2011 over being enough to upper three conditions, so judgement is seed year in 2011;
(3) the impaired burned area of severe is implemented to upgrade
Burned area is cleared up: clear out of burned area burning wood, wood to death before building stalk;
Build the stalk engineering construction time: autumn in 2011;
Build stalk index: stalk spacing 2m, stalk tangent plane is trapezoidal, upper base, go to the bottom, height is respectively 0.2m, 0.5m, 0.3m;
Sowing: after the whole thawing of in early or mid May, 2012 snow, seed is chosen ditch and be sowed on stalk, ditch depth 3-5cm;
Tending management: the investigation that comes up for 2012 finds, germinating seedling numbers 4200 strains/hectare; 2012 and autumn in 2013 tending management is carried out to seedling, remove weeds and shrub of its growth of seedling ambient influence.Autumn in 2013, investigation found, seedling numbers 3500 strains/hectare, Larch Seedling mean height 18.2cm.Continuation was carried out tending management to seedling in 2014,2015,2016.
Embodiment 5
The employing of severe and pole severe burned area is manually planted seedlings recovery embodiment
It is Pine Ridge State Forestry Administration, P.R. China that the present embodiment implements place, and implementing the time is 2012.
(1) burned area investigation:
Determine the exact time that forest fires occur:
The exact time occurred by searching fire file determination forest fires is in June, 2006;
Determine the impaired rank of burned area:
To be injured standing tree 75%, to belong to the impaired burned area of severe;
Determine the front Stand Status of fire:
Retain larch investigation find by searching historical archives and burned area, before burning, standing forest is
Middle and young forest, larch mean DBH increment 10cm, not yet mast-fruiting event;
Judge that can the larch elite stand on burned area provide sufficient provenance as slash upgrades:
Because burned area is the impaired burned area of severe, and standing forest is Middle and young forest, not yet mast-fruiting event, therefore judges that the larch elite stand on burned area can not upgrade as slash the provenance providing abundance;
Burned area land occupation condition is investigated
The gradient: 0 °
Thickness of soil: >30cm
Soil grass roots dish knot degree: low
Burned area upgrades vegetation investigation
Arbor treelet and seedling:
Dahurian larch: 200 strains/hm
2
Aspen: 20 strains/hm
2
White birch: 32 strains/hm
2
Shrub treelet and seedling: shrub layer is flourishing, and dominant species is Du Xiang, and other also has great bilberry, meadow sweet etc.; Shrub mean height 30cm; Shrub total cover-degree 80%.
Herbaceous plant: herbaceous plant total cover-degree 30%, dominant species has sedge, Deyeuxia angustifolia, Herba Pyrolae incarnatae, blueberry etc.; Draft mean height 25cm.
Liver moss, lichens layer: total cover-degree 38%; Dominant species has marsh wrinkle capsule moss, Plagiomnium aculum, sparrow deer stamen etc.
Upgrade vegetation total cover-degree: 85%
Within (2) 2011 years, be whether the judgement of seed year, adopt following methods:
The mean temperature in June, 2010 significantly exceed for many years the same period temperature mean value, Irradiance is good simultaneously;
In mid-February, 2011, larch spray solution culture showed that larch has the possibility of mast-fruiting event to mid-March;
In in May, 2011 there is not rainfall and Freezing injury weather in larch loose powder phase in the first tenday period of a month and pollen tube germinating phase;
2011 over being enough to upper three conditions, so judgement is seed year in 2011;
(3) the impaired burned area of severe is implemented to upgrade
Burned area is cleared up: clear out of burned area burning wood, wood to death before building stalk;
Build the stalk engineering construction time: in June, 2012;
Build stalk index: stalk spacing 2m, stalk tangent plane is trapezoidal, upper base, go to the bottom, height is respectively 0.2m, 0.5m, 0.3m;
Nursery stock specification: I, II grade of Dahurian larch, the 2 years raw bareroot seedlings using GB6000 regulation;
To plant seedlings method: in July, 2012, adopt slit planting, stalk cracks with hoe or spade, puts into nursery stock, the depth suitably, not nest root, puller, steady and sure soil.
Stalk plants seedlings interval 1.5m; To plant seedlings altogether wooden 3600 strains.
Tending management: 2012 and carry out tending management to seedling autumn in 2013, removes weeds and shrub of its growth of seedling ambient influence.Autumn in 2013, investigation found, seedling percent 85%, Larch Seedling mean height 83.5cm.Continuation in 2014 carries out tending management to seedling.
Above-described embodiment is only be described the preferred embodiment of the present invention; not scope of the present invention is limited; under not departing from the present invention and designing the prerequisite of spirit; the various distortion that those of ordinary skill in the art make technical scheme of the present invention and improvement, all should fall in protection domain that claims of the present invention determines.
Claims (2)
1. a recovering method after cool temperate zone Du Xiang-Larix gmeliniforest burned area fire, is characterized in that comprising following steps:
(1) burned area investigation:
Determine the exact time that forest fires occur: by searching the exact time that fire file determination forest fires occur;
Determine the impaired rank of burned area:
Slight impaired burned area: standing tree of being injured is less than 20%;
The impaired burned area of moderate: standing tree 20% ~ 49% of being injured;
The impaired burned area of severe: standing tree 50% ~ 90% of being injured;
The impaired burned area of pole severe: standing tree of being injured is greater than 90%;
Stand Status before determining fire: by searching historical archives and burned area retains age and the breeding status that larch determines to burn front standing forest;
Judge that can the larch elite stand on burned area provide sufficient provenance as slash upgrades:
The impaired burned area of gently/moderate;
Before fire, standing forest is mature forest, and starts mast-fruiting event;
The mean DBH increment of burned area larch elite stand is greater than 20cm;
Meet the larch elite stand of above three conditions then on burned area and can provide sufficient provenance for slash upgrades;
Burned area land occupation condition is investigated: investigation index comprises the gradient, slope aspect, thickness of soil, soil grass roots dish knot degree;
Burned area upgrades vegetation investigation: investigation index comprise upgrade vegetation and plant species composition, highly, cover degree;
(2) be whether the judgement of seed year then, adopt following methods:
The mean temperature in June the previous year significantly exceed for many years the same period temperature mean value, Irradiance is good simultaneously;
Mid-February is to mid-March then, and larch spray solution culture shows that larch has the possibility of mast-fruiting event;
In May then there is not rainfall and Freezing injury weather in larch loose powder phase in the first tenday period of a month and pollen tube germinating phase;
Meeting above three conditions is then seed year then;
(3) the impaired burned area of light/moderate is implemented to upgrade
The method of artificial accelerate natural regeneration is taked when there is the larch elite stand that can provide sufficient provenance:
Build the ridge engineering construction time: the autumn that seed year occurs, and will complete before the large planting of larch in October;
Build ridge index: ridge spacing 2m, ridge tangent plane is trapezoidal, upper base, go to the bottom, height is respectively 0.2m, 0.5m, 0.3m;
Tending management: carry out the tending management of reseeding, filling the gaps with seedlings, weeding with a hoe after coming up in time, continues 5 years, annual 1 time;
The method taked artificial seeding when not there is the larch elite stand that can provide sufficient provenance or plant seedlings:
Artificial seeding:
Build the ridge engineering construction time: the spring of the autumn that seed year occurs or Second Year;
Build ridge index: ridge spacing 2m, ridge tangent plane is trapezoidal, upper base, go to the bottom, height is respectively 0.2m, 0.5m, 0.3m;
Sowing: after the whole thawing of Second Year early or mid May snow, seed is chosen ditch after seed year and be sowed on the ridge, ditch depth 3-5cm;
Tending management: carry out the tending management of reseeding, filling the gaps with seedlings, weeding with a hoe after coming up in time, continues 5 years, annual 1 time;
Manually plant seedlings:
Build the ridge engineering construction time: plant seedlings the previous moon;
Build ridge index: ridge spacing 2m, ridge tangent plane is trapezoidal, upper base, go to the bottom, height is respectively 0.2m, 0.5m, 0.3m;
Nursery stock specification: I, II grade of Dahurian larch, the 2 years raw bareroot seedlings using GB6000 regulation;
To plant seedlings method: spring or rainy season, adopt slit planting, crack with hoe or spade in the ridge, put into nursery stock, the depth suitably, not nest root, puller, steady and sure soil;
Wooden quantity of planting seedlings adds that burned area is retained larch quantity and is no more than 3300 strains/hm
2;
Tending management: carry out the tending management of filling the gaps with seedlings, weeding with a hoe after planting seedlings in time, continuous 3 years, annual 1 time;
(4) severe and the impaired burned area of pole severe are implemented to upgrade
Owing to lacking the elite stand providing larch provenance, take artificial seeding and two kinds of update methods of manually planting seedlings:
Artificial seeding:
Burned area is cleared up: clear out of burned area burning wood, wood to death before building the ridge;
Build the ridge engineering construction time: the spring of the autumn that seed year occurs or Second Year;
Build ridge index: ridge spacing 2m, ridge tangent plane is trapezoidal, upper base, go to the bottom, height is respectively 0.2m, 0.5m, 0.3m;
Sowing: after the whole thawing of Second Year early or mid May snow, seed is chosen ditch after seed year and be sowed on the ridge, ditch depth 3-5cm;
Tending management: carry out the tending management of reseeding, filling the gaps with seedlings, weeding with a hoe after coming up in time, continues 5 years, annual 1 time;
Manually plant seedlings:
Burned area is cleared up: clear out of burned area burning wood, wood to death before building the ridge;
Build the ridge engineering construction time: plant seedlings the previous moon;
Build ridge index: ridge spacing 2m, ridge tangent plane is trapezoidal, upper base, go to the bottom, height is respectively 0.2m, 0.5m, 0.3m;
Nursery stock specification: I, II grade of Dahurian larch, the 2 years raw bareroot seedlings using GB6000 regulation;
To plant seedlings method: spring or rainy season, adopt slit planting, crack with hoe or spade in the ridge, put into nursery stock, the depth suitably, not nest root, puller, steady and sure soil;
Plant seedlings in the ridge interval 1.5m;
Tending management: carry out the tending management of filling the gaps with seedlings, weeding with a hoe after planting seedlings in time, continuous 3 years, annual 1 time.
2. recovering method after cool temperate zone Du Xiang according to claim 1-Larix gmeliniforest burned area fire, is characterized in that: in the method carrying out upgrading of taking manually to plant seedlings when light/moderate impaired burned area enforcement renewal does not have the larch elite stand that can provide sufficient provenance, wooden quantity of planting seedlings adds that burned area retains larch quantity is 3300 strains/hm
2.
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| RU2176870C2 (en) * | 2000-02-08 | 2001-12-20 | Алексеев Геннадий Алексеевич | Method of planting pine forest on burnt wood areas |
| CN103650823A (en) * | 2012-09-25 | 2014-03-26 | 河北农业大学 | Larixprincipisrupprechtii artificial induction natural regeneration technology |
| CN103703972A (en) * | 2013-12-10 | 2014-04-09 | 大兴安岭林业集团公司农业林业科学研究院 | Method for recovering cold temperate zone forest wetland vegetation after extremely severe fire |
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| RU2176870C2 (en) * | 2000-02-08 | 2001-12-20 | Алексеев Геннадий Алексеевич | Method of planting pine forest on burnt wood areas |
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| CN103703972A (en) * | 2013-12-10 | 2014-04-09 | 大兴安岭林业集团公司农业林业科学研究院 | Method for recovering cold temperate zone forest wetland vegetation after extremely severe fire |
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