CN104054479A - Post-fire recovery method for cold temperate zone ledum Xing'an larch forest burned area - Google Patents
Post-fire recovery method for cold temperate zone ledum Xing'an larch forest burned area Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a post-fire recovery method for a cold temperate zone ledum Xing'an larch forest burned area, and aims to put forward a detailed and systematic post-fire recovery method specific to burned areas of the ledum Xing'an larch forests in various damage extents. According to the recovery method for the cold temperate zone ledum Xing'an larch forest burned area in various conditions, through a burned area survey, the exact time of the forest fire, the damaged level of the burned area, the forest stand forest stand before the fire, the condition that whether larch seed trees in the burned area can provide sufficient provenances for area renewal or not, the site condition survey of the burned area and renewed plant investigation of the burned area can be determined, through the judge of seed year, different damage levels can be determined, and whether larch can provide sufficient provenances for area renewal or not can be determined, so that a technical support for large area burned area ecological restoration engineering construction is provided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ecological recovery technical field, particularly relate to recovering method after a kind of cool temperate zone Du Xiang Dahurian larch woods burned area fire.
Background technology
Manchurian taiga is the southernmost end of traversing the Eurasian needle forest zone in the north, Eurasia, belongs to the bright softwood forest in the sub-south of thing uncle part of extending to the south.This region is one of the main timber forest of China base, and Forestland and grassland rate reaches more than 70%.Dahurian larch is the seeds that this region has comparative advantage.
Dahurian larch accommodation is very wide, in the chad mountain region compared with drought and barren and the wet marshland of water, all can grow and grow into forest.Its root system has very strong plasticity, can be on deeper fertile soil, form flourishing root system, grow up to perfectly straight tall and big forest, again can be in serious bogginess, there is the shallow root system that forms top layer on the soil of permafrost haorizon, and along with the accumulation of marshland mosses (being generally bog moss) with thicken, constantly sprout adventive root to adapt to this special clammy habitat, form very low " stunted tree " of productivity.
Due to larch ecologic adaptation wide range, according to the difference of habitat conditions, Dahurian larch woods has very big-difference in plant composition, structure, appearance and productivity of forest stand.
Du Xiang Dahurian larch woods is one of main crop type of Daxing'an Mountainrange Dahurian larch, distributes general.The bottom that is distributed in Schattenseite and half Schattenseite, the gradient is between 5～10 ° more.Habitat is colder wet.Soil is incobation brown coniferous forest soil, has slight paludification phenomenon, and litter horizon decomposes bad.Soil layer is more shallow, permafrost haorizon melt layer very shallow.
Due to above-mentioned on the spot feature, the stand in great numbers wood growth of Du Xiang Dahurian larch is poor, and the sick corruption of forest is also more serious.On the composition of forest, except Dahurian larch, seldom there is the growth of other seeds, white birch even, quantity is also seldom.Except tree stratum, there are brushwood layer and the liver moss layer of relatively growing.The total cover-degree of brushwood layer reaches more than 90%.The advantage that Du Xiangzhan is absolute, next has blueberry.There is in grey arteries and veins sedge, jade hairpin sedge, Deyeuxia angustifolia, singletary pea, Baikal vetch etc. the plant of raw and middle humidogene with the herbaceous layer of brushwood layer in sustained height.Liver moss layer is also relatively grown, and total cover-degree is more than 40%, and the kind of composition is more, and main species has marsh wrinkle capsule moss, wetland moss, Chinese juniper leaf pigeon-wheat, the bent tail moss of high mountain etc.; At low humidity place, there is Sphagnum squarrosum Crom etc.
Forest zone, Daxing'an Mountainrange is that the most serious region occurs China's forest fires, because mountain shape is gentle, once forest fires occur, spreads rapidly, often forms large-area burned area.Up to the present, forest zone, Daxing'an Mountainrange exists the large-area different Du Xiang Dahurian larch woods burned area of burning time, different fire intensities.But the rear recovery pattern of burned area fire and technology for the detailed system of this crop type lack, and cannot meet the needs that large area burned area Ecological Restoration Works is built.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to propose for the different extent of damage burned areas of Du Xiang Dahurian larch woods recovering method in detail and after the fire of system, for the construction of large area burned area Ecological Restoration Works provides technical support.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, recovering method after a kind of cool temperate zone Du Xiang Dahurian larch of the present invention woods burned area fire, comprises following steps:
(1) burned area investigation:
Determine the exact time that forest fires occur: the exact time of determining that by searching fire file forest fires occur;
Determine the impaired rank of burned area:
Slight impaired burned area: the standing tree of being injured is less than 20%;
The impaired burned area of moderate: the standing tree 20%～49% of being injured;
The impaired burned area of severe: the standing tree 50%～90% of being injured;
The impaired burned area of utmost point severe: the standing tree of being injured is greater than 90%;
Stand Status before definite fire: retain age and the breeding status that larch is determined the front standing forest of baked wheaten cake by searching historical archives and burned area;
Can the larch elite stand on judgement burned area upgrade sufficient provenance is provided for slash:
The impaired burned area of gently/moderate;
Before fire, standing forest is mature forest, and has started solid in a large number;
The average diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of burned area larch elite stand is greater than 20cm;
Meet above three conditions the larch elite stand on burned area can upgrade sufficient provenance is provided for slash;
Burned area land occupation condition investigation: investigation index comprises the gradient, slope aspect, thickness of soil, soil grass roots dish knot degree;
Burned area has upgraded vegetation investigation: investigation index comprise upgrade vegetation and plant species form, highly, cover degree;
(2) whether be the judgement of seed year then, adopt following methods:
The mean temperature in June the previous year significantly exceeds for many years the temperature mean value same period, and Irradiance is good simultaneously;
Mid-February, larch spray solution culture showed that larch has a large amount of solid possibilities to mid-March then;
In May then there is not rainfall and freeze injury weather in larch loose powder phase in the first tenday period of a month and pollen tube germinating phase;
Meeting above three conditions is seed year then;
(3) the impaired burned area of light/moderate is implemented to upgrade
There is the method for taking artificial accelerate natural regeneration when the larch of sufficient provenance elite stand can be provided:
Build the stalk engineering construction time: the autumn that seed year occurs, and will before the large planting of larch in October, complete;
Build stalk index: stalk spacing 2m, stalk tangent plane is trapezoidal, upper base, go to the bottom, height is respectively 0.2m, 0.5m, 0.3m;
Tending management: the tending management of reseeding in time after coming up, fill the gaps with seedlings, weeding with a hoe, continues 5 years, annual 1 time;
Do not there is the method for taking artificial seeding or planting seedlings when the larch of sufficient provenance elite stand can be provided:
Artificial seeding:
Build the stalk engineering construction time: the autumn that seed year occurs or the spring of Second Year;
Build stalk index: stalk spacing 2m, stalk tangent plane is trapezoidal, upper base, go to the bottom, height is respectively 0.2m, 0.5m, 0.3m;
Sow: after seed year, Second Year early or mid May snow is chosen ditch by seed after all melting and is sowed at stalk above, ditch depth 3-5cm;
Tending management: the tending management of reseeding in time after coming up, fill the gaps with seedlings, weeding with a hoe, continues 5 years, annual 1 time;
Manually plant seedlings:
Build the stalk engineering construction time: plant seedlings previous month;
Build stalk index: stalk spacing 2m, stalk tangent plane is trapezoidal, upper base, go to the bottom, height is respectively 0.2m, 0.5m, 0.3m;
Nursery stock specification: I, 2 years raw bareroot seedlings of II level Dahurian larch of using GB6000 regulation;
The method of planting seedlings: spring or rainy season, adopt slit planting, with uprooting or spade cracks, put into nursery stock on stalk, the depth is suitable, nest root not, puller, steady and sure soil;
The wooden quantity of planting seedlings adds that burned area retention larch quantity is no more than 3300 strains/hm
2;
Tending management: the tending management of filling the gaps with seedlings in time after planting seedlings, weeding with a hoe, continuous 3 years, annual 1 time;
(4) the impaired burned area of severe and utmost point severe is implemented to upgrade
Because shortage provides the elite stand of larch provenance, take artificial seeding and manually plant seedlings two kinds of update methods:
Artificial seeding:
Burned area cleaning: build before stalk burning wood to death, the wood that falls clears out of burned area;
Build the stalk engineering construction time: the autumn that seed year occurs or the spring of Second Year;
Build stalk index: stalk spacing 2m, stalk tangent plane is trapezoidal, upper base, go to the bottom, height is respectively 0.2m, 0.5m, 0.3m;
Sow: after seed year, Second Year early or mid May snow is chosen ditch by seed after all melting and is sowed at stalk above, ditch depth 3-5cm;
Tending management: the tending management of reseeding in time after coming up, fill the gaps with seedlings, weeding with a hoe, continues 5 years, annual 1 time;
Manually plant seedlings:
Burned area cleaning: build before stalk burning wood to death, the wood that falls clears out of burned area;
Build the stalk engineering construction time: plant seedlings previous month;
Build stalk index: stalk spacing 2m, stalk tangent plane is trapezoidal, upper base, go to the bottom, height is respectively 0.2m, 0.5m, 0.3m;
Nursery stock specification: I, 2 years raw bareroot seedlings of II level Dahurian larch of using GB6000 regulation;
The method of planting seedlings: spring or rainy season, adopt slit planting, with uprooting or spade cracks, put into nursery stock on stalk, the depth is suitable, nest root not, puller, steady and sure soil.
Interval 1.5m plants seedlings on stalk;
Tending management: the tending management of filling the gaps with seedlings in time after planting seedlings, weeding with a hoe, continuous 3
Year, annual 1 time.
Wherein the impaired burned area of light/moderate is implemented to upgrade and is not had the wooden quantity of planting seedlings in the method for upgrading of taking manually to plant seedlings when the larch of sufficient provenance elite stand can be provided and add that burned area retention larch quantity is 3300 strains/hm
2.
The invention difference from existing technology is that the present invention has obtained following technique effect:
1, after a kind of cool temperate zone Du Xiang Dahurian larch of the present invention woods burned area fire, recovering method is for the different extent of damage burned areas of Du Xiang Dahurian larch woods recovering method in detail and after the fire of system, for the construction of large area burned area Ecological Restoration Works provides technical support, the present invention can effectively solve after cool temperate zone damaged ecosystem is degenerated and only depend on nature long recovery time, the uncertain difficult problem of succession direction, effectively promote the succession of burned area vegetation forward, simultaneously fast quick-recovery ecosystem original function;
2, after a kind of cool temperate zone Du Xiang Dahurian larch of the present invention woods burned area fire recovering method according to synecology, Fire ecology and vegetation succession rule, carry out systems organization, adopt the artificial method that promotes that natural and artificial reforestation combines, the input that can save human and material resources, financial resources etc. is the effective measures of fast quick-recovery burned area.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, to the present invention is above-mentioned, be described in more detail with other technical characterictic and advantage.
Embodiment 1
Gently/moderate burn slash can provide the recovery embodiment of provenance
It is Pine Ridge State Forestry Administration, P.R. China that the present embodiment is implemented place, and implementing the time is 2011.
(1) burned area investigation:
Determine the exact time that forest fires occur:
The exact time of determining forest fires generation by searching fire file is in June, 2006;
Determine the impaired rank of burned area:
The standing tree 18% of being injured, belongs to slight impaired burned area;
Determine the front Stand Status of fire:
By searching historical archives and burned area, retain larch investigation discovery, before burning, standing forest is mature forest, and the average diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 22cm of larch elite stand, has started solid in a large number;
Can the larch elite stand on judgement burned area upgrade sufficient provenance is provided for slash:
The impaired burned area of gently/moderate;
Before fire, standing forest is mature forest, and has started solid in a large number;
The average diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of burned area larch elite stand is greater than 20cm;
Burned area meets above three conditions, so judge that the larch elite stand on burned area can upgrade sufficient provenance is provided as slash;
The investigation of burned area land occupation condition
The gradient: 0 °
Thickness of soil: >30cm
Soil grass roots dish knot degree: low
Burned area has upgraded vegetation investigation
Renewal vegetation and plant species forms:
Arbor treelet and seedling:
Dahurian larch: 150 strains/hm
2
Aspen: 20 strains/hm
2
White birch: 30 strains/hm
2
Shrub treelet and seedling: shrub layer is flourishing, main species are Du Xiang, other also has great bilberry, meadow sweet etc.; Shrub mean height 30cm; Shrub total cover-degree 80%.
Herbaceous plant: herbaceous plant total cover-degree 30%, main species have sedge, Deyeuxia angustifolia, Herba Pyrolae incarnatae, blueberry etc.; Draft mean height 25cm.
Liver moss, lichens layer: total cover-degree 35%; Main species have marsh wrinkle capsule moss, wetland moss, sparrow deer stamen etc.
Upgrade vegetation total cover-degree: 85%
Whether (2) 2011 years be the judgement of seed year, adopts following methods:
The mean temperature in June, 2010 significantly exceeds for many years the temperature mean value same period, and Irradiance is good simultaneously;
In mid-February, 2011, larch spray solution culture showed that larch has a large amount of solid possibilities to mid-March;
In in May, 2011 there is not rainfall and freeze injury weather in larch loose powder phase in the first tenday period of a month and pollen tube germinating phase;
2011 over being enough to upper three conditions, so judge 2011, is seed year;
(3) the impaired burned area of light/moderate is implemented to upgrade
Build the stalk engineering construction time: autumn in 2011, and complete before the large planting of larch in October;
Build stalk index: stalk spacing 2m, stalk tangent plane is trapezoidal, upper base, go to the bottom, height is respectively 0.2m, 0.5m, 0.3m;
Tending management: the investigation that comes up for 2012 is found, germinating seedling numbers 1200 strain/hectares; 2012 and autumn in 2013 seedling is carried out to tending management, removing seedling affected weeds and the shrub of its growth around.Autumn in 2013, investigation was found, Larch Seedling mean height 17.1cm.Continuation was carried out to tending management to seedling in 2014,2015,2016.
Embodiment 2
Gently/moderate burn slash can not provide the employing artificial seeding of provenance to recover embodiment
It is Pine Ridge State Forestry Administration, P.R. China that the present embodiment is implemented place, and implementing the time is 2011.
(1) burned area investigation:
Determine the exact time that forest fires occur:
The exact time of determining forest fires generation by searching fire file is in June, 2006;
Determine the impaired rank of burned area:
The standing tree 19% of being injured, belongs to slight impaired burned area;
Determine the front Stand Status of fire:
By searching historical archives and burned area, retain larch investigation discovery, before burning, standing forest is middle young growth, and the average diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 10cm of larch is solid not yet in a large number;
Can the larch elite stand on judgement burned area upgrade sufficient provenance is provided for slash:
Although burned area is light/impaired burned area of moderate, because standing forest is middle young growth, solid not yet in a large number, therefore judge that the larch elite stand on burned area can not upgrade sufficient provenance is provided as slash;
The investigation of burned area land occupation condition
The gradient: 0 °
Thickness of soil: >30cm
Soil grass roots dish knot degree: low
Burned area has upgraded vegetation investigation
Arbor treelet and seedling:
Dahurian larch: 160 strains/hm
2
Aspen: 20 strains/hm
2
White birch: 30 strains/hm
2
Shrub treelet and seedling: shrub layer is flourishing, main species are Du Xiang, other also has great bilberry, meadow sweet etc.; Shrub mean height 32cm; Shrub total cover-degree 78%.
Herbaceous plant: herbaceous plant total cover-degree 35%, main species have sedge, Deyeuxia angustifolia, Herba Pyrolae incarnatae, blueberry etc.; Draft mean height 25cm.
Liver moss, lichens layer: total cover-degree 35%; Main species have marsh wrinkle capsule moss, wetland moss, sparrow deer stamen etc.
Upgrade vegetation total cover-degree: 83%
Whether (2) 2011 years be the judgement of seed year, adopts following methods:
The mean temperature in June, 2010 significantly exceeds for many years the temperature mean value same period, and Irradiance is good simultaneously;
In mid-February, 2011, larch spray solution culture showed that larch has a large amount of solid possibilities to mid-March;
In in May, 2011 there is not rainfall and freeze injury weather in larch loose powder phase in the first tenday period of a month and pollen tube germinating phase;
2011 over being enough to upper three conditions, so judge 2011, is seed year;
(3) the impaired burned area of light/moderate is implemented to upgrade
Build the stalk engineering construction time: autumn in 2011;
Build stalk index: stalk spacing 2m, stalk tangent plane is trapezoidal, upper base, go to the bottom, height is respectively 0.2m, 0.5m, 0.3m;
Sow: after whole thawing of in early or mid May, 2012 snow, seed is chosen to ditch and be sowed at stalk above, ditch depth 3-5cm;
Tending management: the investigation that comes up for 2012 is found, germinating seedling numbers 1300 strain/hectares; 2012 and autumn in 2013 seedling is carried out to tending management, removing seedling affected weeds and the shrub of its growth around.Autumn in 2013, investigation was found, Larch Seedling mean height 17.3cm.Continuation was carried out to tending management to seedling in 2014,2015,2016.
Embodiment 3
Gently/moderate burn slash can not provide the employing of the provenance recovery embodiment that manually plants seedlings
It is Pine Ridge State Forestry Administration, P.R. China that the present embodiment is implemented place, and implementing the time is 2012.
(1) burned area investigation:
Determine the exact time that forest fires occur:
The exact time of determining forest fires generation by searching fire file is in June, 2006;
Determine the impaired rank of burned area:
The standing tree 18% of being injured, belongs to slight impaired burned area;
Determine the front Stand Status of fire:
By searching historical archives and burned area, retain larch investigation discovery, before burning, standing forest is middle young growth, and the average diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 10cm of larch is solid not yet in a large number;
Can the larch elite stand on judgement burned area upgrade sufficient provenance is provided for slash:
Although burned area is light/impaired burned area of moderate, because standing forest is middle young growth, solid not yet in a large number, therefore judge that the larch elite stand on burned area can not upgrade sufficient provenance is provided as slash;
The investigation of burned area land occupation condition
The gradient: 0 °
Thickness of soil: >30cm
Soil grass roots dish knot degree: low
Burned area has upgraded vegetation investigation
Arbor treelet and seedling:
Dahurian larch: 150 strains/hm
2
Aspen: 20 strains/hm
2
White birch: 30 strains/hm
2
Shrub treelet and seedling: shrub layer is flourishing, main species are Du Xiang, other also has great bilberry, meadow sweet etc.; Shrub mean height 30cm; Shrub total cover-degree 80%.
Herbaceous plant: herbaceous plant total cover-degree 30%, main species have sedge, Deyeuxia angustifolia, Herba Pyrolae incarnatae, blueberry etc.; Draft mean height 25cm.
Liver moss, lichens layer: total cover-degree 35%; Main species have marsh wrinkle capsule moss, wetland moss, sparrow deer stamen etc.
Upgrade vegetation total cover-degree: 85%
Whether (2) 2011 years be the judgement of seed year, adopts following methods:
The mean temperature in June, 2010 significantly exceeds for many years the temperature mean value same period, and Irradiance is good simultaneously;
In mid-February, 2011, larch spray solution culture showed that larch has a large amount of solid possibilities to mid-March;
In in May, 2011 there is not rainfall and freeze injury weather in larch loose powder phase in the first tenday period of a month and pollen tube germinating phase;
2011 over being enough to upper three conditions, so judge 2011, is seed year;
(3) the impaired burned area of light/moderate is implemented to upgrade
Build the stalk engineering construction time: in June, 2012;
Build stalk index: stalk spacing 2m, stalk tangent plane is trapezoidal, upper base, go to the bottom, height is respectively 0.2m, 0.5m, 0.3m;
Nursery stock specification: I, 2 years raw bareroot seedlings of II level Dahurian larch of using GB6000 regulation;
The method of planting seedlings: in July, 2012, adopt slit planting, with uprooting or spade cracks, put into nursery stock on stalk, the depth is suitable, nest root not, puller, steady and sure soil;
The wooden quantity of planting seedlings adds that burned area retention larch quantity is no more than 3300 strains/hm
2;
Tending management: 2012 and autumn in 2013 seedling is carried out to tending management, removing seedling affected weeds and the shrub of its growth around.Autumn in 2013, investigation was found, nursery stock survival rate 85%, Larch Seedling mean height 80.2cm.Continuation in 2014 is carried out tending management to seedling.
Embodiment 4
The employing artificial seeding of severe and utmost point severe burned area recovers embodiment
It is Pine Ridge State Forestry Administration, P.R. China that the present embodiment is implemented place, and implementing the time is 2011.
(1) burned area investigation:
Determine the exact time that forest fires occur:
The exact time of determining forest fires generation by searching fire file is in June, 2006;
Determine the impaired rank of burned area:
The standing tree 75% of being injured, belongs to the impaired burned area of severe;
Determine the front Stand Status of fire:
By searching historical archives and burned area, retain larch investigation discovery, before burning, standing forest is middle young growth, and the average diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 10cm of larch is solid not yet in a large number;
Can the larch elite stand on judgement burned area upgrade sufficient provenance is provided for slash:
Because burned area is the impaired burned area of severe, and standing forest is middle young growth, solid not yet in a large number, therefore judges that the larch elite stand on burned area can not upgrade sufficient provenance is provided as slash;
The investigation of burned area land occupation condition
The gradient: 0 °
Thickness of soil: >30cm
Soil grass roots dish knot degree: low
Burned area has upgraded vegetation investigation
Arbor treelet and seedling:
Dahurian larch: 200 strains/hm
2
Aspen: 20 strains/hm
2
White birch: 32 strains/hm
2
Shrub treelet and seedling: shrub layer is flourishing, main species are Du Xiang, other also has great bilberry, meadow sweet etc.; Shrub mean height 30cm; Shrub total cover-degree 80%.
Herbaceous plant: herbaceous plant total cover-degree 30%, main species have sedge, Deyeuxia angustifolia, Herba Pyrolae incarnatae, blueberry etc.; Draft mean height 25cm.
Liver moss, lichens layer: total cover-degree 38%; Main species have marsh wrinkle capsule moss, wetland moss, sparrow deer stamen etc.
Upgrade vegetation total cover-degree: 85%
Whether (2) 2011 years be the judgement of seed year, adopts following methods:
The mean temperature in June, 2010 significantly exceeds for many years the temperature mean value same period, and Irradiance is good simultaneously;
In mid-February, 2011, larch spray solution culture showed that larch has a large amount of solid possibilities to mid-March;
In in May, 2011 there is not rainfall and freeze injury weather in larch loose powder phase in the first tenday period of a month and pollen tube germinating phase;
2011 over being enough to upper three conditions, so judge 2011, is seed year;
(3) the impaired burned area of severe is implemented to upgrade
Burned area cleaning: build before stalk burning wood to death, the wood that falls clears out of burned area;
Build the stalk engineering construction time: autumn in 2011;
Build stalk index: stalk spacing 2m, stalk tangent plane is trapezoidal, upper base, go to the bottom, height is respectively 0.2m, 0.5m, 0.3m;
Sow: after whole thawing of in early or mid May, 2012 snow, seed is chosen to ditch and be sowed at stalk above, ditch depth 3-5cm;
Tending management: the investigation that comes up for 2012 is found, germinating seedling numbers 4200 strain/hectares; 2012 and autumn in 2013 seedling is carried out to tending management, removing seedling affected weeds and the shrub of its growth around.Autumn in 2013, investigation was found, seedling numbers 3500 strain/hectares, Larch Seedling mean height 18.2cm.Continuation was carried out to tending management to seedling in 2014,2015,2016.
Embodiment 5
The employing of severe and the utmost point severe burned area recovery embodiment that manually plants seedlings
It is Pine Ridge State Forestry Administration, P.R. China that the present embodiment is implemented place, and implementing the time is 2012.
(1) burned area investigation:
Determine the exact time that forest fires occur:
The exact time of determining forest fires generation by searching fire file is in June, 2006;
Determine the impaired rank of burned area:
The standing tree 75% of being injured, belongs to the impaired burned area of severe;
Determine the front Stand Status of fire:
By searching historical archives and burned area, retain larch investigation discovery, before burning, standing forest is middle young growth, and the average diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 10cm of larch is solid not yet in a large number;
Can the larch elite stand on judgement burned area upgrade sufficient provenance is provided for slash:
Because burned area is the impaired burned area of severe, and standing forest is middle young growth, solid not yet in a large number, therefore judges that the larch elite stand on burned area can not upgrade sufficient provenance is provided as slash;
The investigation of burned area land occupation condition
The gradient: 0 °
Thickness of soil: >30cm
Soil grass roots dish knot degree: low
Burned area has upgraded vegetation investigation
Arbor treelet and seedling:
Dahurian larch: 200 strains/hm
2
Aspen: 20 strains/hm
2
White birch: 32 strains/hm
2
Shrub treelet and seedling: shrub layer is flourishing, main species are Du Xiang, other also has great bilberry, meadow sweet etc.; Shrub mean height 30cm; Shrub total cover-degree 80%.
Herbaceous plant: herbaceous plant total cover-degree 30%, main species have sedge, Deyeuxia angustifolia, Herba Pyrolae incarnatae, blueberry etc.; Draft mean height 25cm.
Liver moss, lichens layer: total cover-degree 38%; Main species have marsh wrinkle capsule moss, wetland moss, sparrow deer stamen etc.
Upgrade vegetation total cover-degree: 85%
Whether (2) 2011 years be the judgement of seed year, adopts following methods:
The mean temperature in June, 2010 significantly exceeds for many years the temperature mean value same period, and Irradiance is good simultaneously;
In mid-February, 2011, larch spray solution culture showed that larch has a large amount of solid possibilities to mid-March;
In in May, 2011 there is not rainfall and freeze injury weather in larch loose powder phase in the first tenday period of a month and pollen tube germinating phase;
2011 over being enough to upper three conditions, so judge 2011, is seed year;
(3) the impaired burned area of severe is implemented to upgrade
Burned area cleaning: build before stalk burning wood to death, the wood that falls clears out of burned area;
Build the stalk engineering construction time: in June, 2012;
Build stalk index: stalk spacing 2m, stalk tangent plane is trapezoidal, upper base, go to the bottom, height is respectively 0.2m, 0.5m, 0.3m;
Nursery stock specification: I, 2 years raw bareroot seedlings of II level Dahurian larch of using GB6000 regulation;
The method of planting seedlings: in July, 2012, adopt slit planting, with uprooting or spade cracks, put into nursery stock on stalk, the depth is suitable, nest root not, puller, steady and sure soil.
Interval 1.5m plants seedlings on stalk; Wooden 3600 strains of planting seedlings altogether.
Tending management: 2012 and autumn in 2013 seedling is carried out to tending management, removing seedling affected weeds and the shrub of its growth around.Autumn in 2013, investigation was found, seedling percent 85%, Larch Seedling mean height 83.5cm.Continuation in 2014 is carried out tending management to seedling.
Above-described embodiment is described the preferred embodiment of the present invention; not scope of the present invention is limited; design under the prerequisite of spirit not departing from the present invention; various distortion and improvement that those of ordinary skills make technical scheme of the present invention, all should fall in the definite protection domain of the claims in the present invention book.
Claims (2)
1. a recovering method after cool temperate zone Du Xiang Dahurian larch woods burned area fire, is characterized in that comprising following steps:
(1) burned area investigation:
Determine the exact time that forest fires occur: the exact time of determining that by searching fire file forest fires occur;
Determine the impaired rank of burned area:
Slight impaired burned area: the standing tree of being injured is less than 20%;
The impaired burned area of moderate: the standing tree 20%～49% of being injured;
The impaired burned area of severe: the standing tree 50%～90% of being injured;
The impaired burned area of utmost point severe: the standing tree of being injured is greater than 90%;
Stand Status before definite fire: retain age and the breeding status that larch is determined the front standing forest of baked wheaten cake by searching historical archives and burned area;
Can the larch elite stand on judgement burned area upgrade sufficient provenance is provided for slash:
The impaired burned area of gently/moderate;
Before fire, standing forest is mature forest, and has started solid in a large number;
The average diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of burned area larch elite stand is greater than 20cm;
Meet above three conditions the larch elite stand on burned area can upgrade sufficient provenance is provided for slash;
Burned area land occupation condition investigation: investigation index comprises the gradient, slope aspect, thickness of soil, soil grass roots dish knot degree;
Burned area has upgraded vegetation investigation: investigation index comprise upgrade vegetation and plant species form, highly, cover degree;
(2) whether be the judgement of seed year then, adopt following methods:
The mean temperature in June the previous year significantly exceeds for many years the temperature mean value same period, and Irradiance is good simultaneously;
Mid-February, larch spray solution culture showed that larch has a large amount of solid possibilities to mid-March then;
In May then there is not rainfall and freeze injury weather in larch loose powder phase in the first tenday period of a month and pollen tube germinating phase;
Meeting above three conditions is seed year then;
(3) the impaired burned area of light/moderate is implemented to upgrade
There is the method for taking artificial accelerate natural regeneration when the larch of sufficient provenance elite stand can be provided:
Build the stalk engineering construction time: the autumn that seed year occurs, and will before the large planting of larch in October, complete;
Build stalk index: stalk spacing 2m, stalk tangent plane is trapezoidal, upper base, go to the bottom, height is respectively 0.2m, 0.5m, 0.3m;
Tending management: the tending management of reseeding in time after coming up, fill the gaps with seedlings, weeding with a hoe, continues 5 years, annual 1 time;
Do not there is the method for taking artificial seeding or planting seedlings when the larch of sufficient provenance elite stand can be provided:
Artificial seeding:
Build the stalk engineering construction time: the autumn that seed year occurs or the spring of Second Year;
Build stalk index: stalk spacing 2m, stalk tangent plane is trapezoidal, upper base, go to the bottom, height is respectively 0.2m, 0.5m, 0.3m;
Sow: after seed year, Second Year early or mid May snow is chosen ditch by seed after all melting and is sowed at stalk above, ditch depth 3-5cm;
Tending management: the tending management of reseeding in time after coming up, fill the gaps with seedlings, weeding with a hoe, continues 5 years, annual 1 time;
Manually plant seedlings:
Build the stalk engineering construction time: plant seedlings previous month;
Build stalk index: stalk spacing 2m, stalk tangent plane is trapezoidal, upper base, go to the bottom, height is respectively 0.2m, 0.5m, 0.3m;
Nursery stock specification: I, 2 years raw bareroot seedlings of II level Dahurian larch of using GB6000 regulation;
The method of planting seedlings: spring or rainy season, adopt slit planting, with uprooting or spade cracks, put into nursery stock on stalk, the depth is suitable, nest root not, puller, steady and sure soil;
The wooden quantity of planting seedlings adds that burned area retention larch quantity is no more than 3300 strains/hm
2;
Tending management: the tending management of filling the gaps with seedlings in time after planting seedlings, weeding with a hoe, continuous 3 years, annual 1 time;
(4) the impaired burned area of severe and utmost point severe is implemented to upgrade
Because shortage provides the elite stand of larch provenance, take artificial seeding and manually plant seedlings two kinds of update methods:
Artificial seeding:
Burned area cleaning: build before stalk burning wood to death, the wood that falls clears out of burned area;
Build the stalk engineering construction time: the autumn that seed year occurs or the spring of Second Year;
Build stalk index: stalk spacing 2m, stalk tangent plane is trapezoidal, upper base, go to the bottom, height is respectively 0.2m, 0.5m, 0.3m;
Sow: after seed year, Second Year early or mid May snow is chosen ditch by seed after all melting and is sowed at stalk above, ditch depth 3-5cm;
Tending management: the tending management of reseeding in time after coming up, fill the gaps with seedlings, weeding with a hoe, continues 5 years, annual 1 time;
Manually plant seedlings:
Burned area cleaning: build before stalk burning wood to death, the wood that falls clears out of burned area;
Build the stalk engineering construction time: plant seedlings previous month;
Build stalk index: stalk spacing 2m, stalk tangent plane is trapezoidal, upper base, go to the bottom, height is respectively 0.2m, 0.5m, 0.3m;
Nursery stock specification: I, 2 years raw bareroot seedlings of II level Dahurian larch of using GB6000 regulation;
The method of planting seedlings: spring or rainy season, adopt slit planting, with uprooting or spade cracks, put into nursery stock on stalk, the depth is suitable, nest root not, puller, steady and sure soil.
Interval 1.5m plants seedlings on stalk;
Tending management: the tending management of filling the gaps with seedlings in time after planting seedlings, weeding with a hoe, continuous 3 years, annual 1 time.
2. recovering method after cool temperate zone Du Xiang Dahurian larch woods burned area fire according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the impaired burned area of light/moderate is implemented to upgrade not to be had the wooden quantity of planting seedlings in the method for upgrading of taking manually to plant seedlings when the larch of sufficient provenance elite stand can be provided and add that burned area retention larch quantity is 3300 strains/hm
2.
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