CN106922363B

CN106922363B - Plant collocation mode suitable for recovering engineering land-tracing vegetation in permafrost region

Info

Publication number: CN106922363B
Application number: CN201710181421.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 周国英; 杨路存; 王进昌; 聂秀青; 徐文华
Original assignee: Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology of CAS
Current assignee: Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology of CAS
Priority date: 2017-03-24
Filing date: 2017-03-24
Publication date: 2020-04-14
Anticipated expiration: 2037-03-24
Also published as: CN106922363A

Abstract

The invention relates to a plant collocation mode suitable for recovering vegetation in engineering mark areas of permafrost regions, which comprises ① thatch, Bischofia fasciata, lysimachia and Qinghai frigidity poa in a weight ratio of 2:2:2:3, is suitable for being applied to the engineering mark areas of alpine grassland areas for the purpose of ecological recovery, ② thatch, Tilapia nutans, Astroops starchyta and Alcalix arundinacea in a weight ratio of 3:1:2:2, is suitable for being applied to saline-alkaline alpine grassland areas for the purpose of ecological recovery, ③ thatch, Qinghai grassland poa, Qinghai frigidity poa and Festuca arundinacea in a weight ratio of 3:2:2:1, is suitable for being applied to the engineering mark areas of alpine meadow areas for the purpose of ecological recovery, is a series of vegetation modes suitable for recovering the permafrost regions, has exterior marks, and can be applied to the recovery and reconstruction of different types of engineering mark areas.

Description

Plant collocation mode suitable for recovering engineering land-tracing vegetation in permafrost region

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of vegetation ecological restoration of engineering plots on Qinghai-Tibet plateau, in particular to a plant collocation mode suitable for vegetation restoration of engineering plots in permafrost regions.

Background

1. The status and development trend of the project. The research on the road vegetation recovery in China starts late, but in recent years, the mode and the scale of the research are changed profoundly. In the period from 1988 to 1996, the engineering slope protection of the roadbed and slope surface adopts the engineering slope protection forms of stone masonry, cement and the like, and has high cost, rigid structure and extremely poor landscape and ecological functions. Since the start of greening by applying the ecological slope protection on the Yunnan Kunzu expressway in 1996, the vegetation restoration of road engineering ground has developed rapidly, and the design idea of the vegetation restoration is from simple greening to the design and construction of the vegetation restoration of the ecological highway reflecting the wind, soil and human conditions and unique regional landscape of various regions; the requirements of vegetation recovery also aim at realizing near-natural sustainable slope vegetation from simply and rapidly covering bare earth surfaces; in plant selection, selecting grass seeds suitable for greening from the initial introduction of foreign grass seeds and single grass planting slope protection to the introduction and cultivation test of some grass seeds, and then selecting natural vegetation combining grass irrigation and grass irrigation mainly comprising wild local plants; the plant configuration also includes the study of the proportion and the seeding rate of single grass seeds, and the proper planting density and configuration are determined for vegetation recovery. With the improvement of the recovery of vegetation, the application research of shrubs, vines and herbaceous plants on the slope surface of the road is started. The method combines grass irrigation and grass irrigation, builds a configuration mode mainly based on a scientific ecological plant community, and attaches importance to the principle of biological diversity. With the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet railway, the artificial vegetation recovery and treatment mode taking a single soil sampling field as a unit is primarily successful, and the artificial recovery of the railway side slope is also primarily successful. But also has the problems of low survival rate, species pattern shortage, low ecological benefit and the like, and the rapid degradation possibly formed by improper species collocation can seriously threaten the persistence of vegetation, so that the ecological benefit is difficult to exert.

2. The role of artificial vegetation in ecological restoration. As long as the plateau local soil plant species are adopted and corresponding vegetation recovery technical measures are adopted, the rapid recovery of the vegetation of the secondary bare land of the permafrost region of the alpine grassland of the Qinghai-Tibet railway is feasible. The perennial herbaceous plants in the local soil of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau can quickly recover the surface vegetation of the exposed soil-taking field, accelerate the natural vegetation restoration process, and is an effective vegetation recovery measure.

3. Plant screening and matching are the key to artificial vegetation. The key to planting good artificial vegetation is to screen suitable native plants and to match them reasonably. The suitable native plants and the reasonable collocation mode can not only improve the ecological adaptability of the artificial vegetation, but also improve the water, heat and photosynthetic utilization efficiency due to different root system distribution among plants, and simultaneously mutually supplement and prolong the vegetation preservation time by utilizing different growth periods of the plants. In the special climatic conditions and environments of high altitude, cold and drought of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, the foreign grass seeds are difficult to adapt, and the better effect is difficult to obtain due to the lower rate of emergence and the overwintering condition. Therefore, the selection of domesticated local plants according to the principle of 'proper vegetation' for reasonable matching, planting test and finally screening out the plant matching mode suitable for proper vegetation recovery is the key of the success or failure of artificial vegetation recovery.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention relates to a series plant matching mode suitable for recovering alpine steppes and alpine meadow engineering footprints in permafrost regions on Qinghai-Tibet plateau. The method aims to recover the vegetation in engineering meadow lands with different vegetation and soil types, optimally collocates the native plants suitable for being planted in high altitude, cold and arid regions, and provides a series of mixed-sowing plant collocation modes for establishing and planting the artificial vegetation in the high-cold grassland areas of permafrost regions, salinized high-cold grassland areas of the permafrost regions and the high-cold meadow engineering meadow lands of the permafrost regions.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a plant collocation mode suitable for recovering engineering land-tracing vegetation in permafrost regions comprises the following series of plant collocation modes:

1) the plant matching is perennial quick-acting sparse-clump type grass solonweed, quick-acting sparse-clump type grass flatsedge, quick-acting root type grass lysimachia and long-acting dense-clump type cold-land bluegrass, the weight ratio of the plant matching is 2:2:2:3, the sowing amount is 6-8 kg/mu, and the quality requirement of the plant seeds reaches: the purity is 100 percent, the germination rate is more than 95 percent, the method is suitable for being applied to engineering plots of high-cold grassland areas with the aim of ecological restoration, and the plant matching characteristics are that the restored artificial vegetation has strong drought resistance, outstanding wind prevention and sand fixation performance, wide ecological adaptability, good community stability and long vegetation duration.

2) The plant matching is perennial quick-acting sparse-clump grass, perennial quick-acting sparse-clump elymus nutans, long-acting dense-clumping star grass and long-acting dense-clumping soda grass, the weight ratio of the plant matching is 3:1:2:2, the sowing amount is 6-8 kg/mu, and the quality requirement of the plant seeds reaches: the purity is 100 percent, the germination rate is more than 95 percent, the method is suitable for saline-alkali high-cold grassland engineering land aiming at ecological restoration, and the plant collocation characteristics are that the restored artificial vegetation has high restoration speed, drought resistance, strong saline-alkali resistance, good adaptability, strong community stability and long vegetation duration.

3) The plant collocation is perennial quick-acting sparse-clump type grass elymus nutans, perennial effective root-stem type grassland annual bluegrass, long-acting dense-clumping type grassland cold-land annual bluegrass and long-acting dense-clumping type Chinese fescue, the weight ratio of the plant collocation is 3:2:2:1, the seeding amount is 6-8 kg/mu, and the quality requirement of the plant seeds reaches: the purity is more than or equal to 90 percent, the germination rate is more than or equal to 90 percent, the method is suitable for being applied to the engineering plots in alpine meadow areas with the aim of ecological restoration, and the plant collocation characteristics are that the artificial vegetation restoration speed is high, the vegetation coverage is high, the frozen soil protection and cold resistance performance are outstanding, and the vegetation preservation time is long.

Advantageous effects

Compared with the prior art, the plant collocation mode suitable for recovering the engineering land-tracing vegetation in the permafrost region has the advantages that: 1. aiming at different types of engineering plots in permafrost regions, different treatment modes and treatment targets are adopted for the first time, and a series mixed sowing plant collocation mode of artificial vegetation recovery and reconstruction is provided. The plant combination for reconstructing the artificial vegetation on the engineering secondary bare land of different types of vegetation and soil is determined. 2. The selected plants are all local native plants which are successfully introduced and domesticated, are suitable for the environmental conditions of high cold and drought, even can adapt to severe freeze-thaw alternation in permafrost regions, and can grow and develop on secondary bare lands with poor soil, dry surface layers, water storage and poor water retention capacity. 3. The plant collocation mode for recovering the vegetation of the secondary bare land of the engineering grassland is a plant collocation mode aiming at keeping water and soil, preventing wind and fixing sand and protecting frozen soil. The plant screening is to match 2 perennial quick-acting sparse grass, 1 perennial quick-acting rhizome grass and 1 perennial long-acting dense-clump grass. The collocation is suitable for secondary bare land in a high-cold grassland area of a permafrost region, the coverage of vegetation at the initial stage of recovery is solved by fully utilizing the pioneer plant of the high-cold grassland area, namely the haloxyfop and the drought-tolerant flat-ear wheatgrass, the grass with strong stress resistance and strong cloning and breeding capability is used as supplement, and the cold-land early-maturing grass with slow growth is used as final supplement, so that the vegetation preservation time is greatly prolonged. 4. The recovery species collocation mode of the salinized high-cold grassland engineering trace land in the perennial frozen soil area is a plant collocation mode aiming at protecting frozen soil and treating secondary bare land of the salinized high-cold grassland engineering trace land, selects perennial quick-acting sparse grass and perennial growth effect dense-cluster collocation suitable for the alpine area, can quickly recover the salinized high-cold grassland engineering trace land in the perennial frozen soil area, and has drought resistance, saline-alkali resistance, good community adaptability and strong community stability. 5. The perennial frozen soil area alpine meadow project site recovery species collocation mode is a plant collocation mode aiming at controlling secondary bare land of the alpine meadow project site with the purposes of increasing vegetation coverage, water and soil conservation, protecting frozen soil and water conservation, and is suitable for combining perennial quick-acting sparse cluster type grassland elymph nutgrass with high growth speed, long-acting rhizome type grassland poa pratensis, efficient dense cluster type grassland poa pratensis and dense cluster type Chinese fescue, so that the perennial frozen soil area alpine meadow project site recovery species collocation mode is suitable for a cold environment with high rainfall, high vegetation coverage and stable vegetation structure. The invention relates to a series of plant collocation modes suitable for recovering vegetation in secondary bare land of engineering land in permafrost region, which can be applied to the treatment of deteriorated grasslands such as different types of secondary bare land.

Detailed Description

In order to further understand and understand the structural features and the achieved effects of the present invention, the technical scheme of the plant collocation mode suitable for recovering the engineering vegetation in the permafrost region is further described below with reference to the implementation examples.

Example one:

species collocation mode for recovering plateau of alpine grassland engineering in permafrost region

Plant collocation: perennial quick-acting sparse-clump type grass solenon grass, perennial quick-acting sparse-clump type grass flathead agropyron cristatum, perennial quick-acting root type grass lysimachia, perennial quick-acting dense-clump type Qinghai cold-land annual bluegrass

The plant matching weight proportion is as follows: 2:2:2:3

Seeding rate: 6 kg/mu

Seed quality: the purity is 100 percent, and the germination rate is more than 95 percent

Secondary bare land type suitable for application: engineering land of alpine grassland area with ecological restoration as the aim.

Example two

Species collocation mode for recovering salinized high-cold grassland engineering footpath in permafrost region

Plant collocation: perennial quick-acting sparse-clump grass, perennial quick-acting sparse-clump elymus nutans, long-acting dense-clumping star grass and long-acting dense-clumping soda grass

The plant matching weight proportion is as follows: 3:1:2:2

Seeding rate: 6 kg/mu

Secondary bare land type suitable for application: saline-alkali high-cold grassland engineering land aiming at ecological restoration.

Example three

Species collocation mode for alpine meadow project land recovery of permafrost region

Plant collocation: perennial quick-acting sparse-clump type grass elymus nutans, perennial effective root-stem type grassland poa pratensis, long-acting dense-clumping type grassland poa pratensis and long-acting dense-clumping type Chinese fescue

The plant matching weight proportion is as follows: 3:2:2:1

Seeding rate: 6 kg/mu

Seed quality: the purity is more than or equal to 90 percent, and the germination rate is more than or equal to 90 percent

Secondary bare land type suitable for application: an alpine meadow area engineering land with the purpose of ecological restoration.

The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited by the foregoing embodiments, and the plant collocation series of the present invention has extensibility and can be applied to vegetation restoration and reconstruction of other different types of engineering grounds. The foregoing embodiments and description have been provided merely for the purpose of illustrating the principles of the invention, and are further provided with various changes and modifications which can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. A method for restoring vegetation in engineering land tracking of permafrost regions for multiple years by taking ecological restoration as a target is characterized by comprising the following steps: the engineering trail lands in the permafrost regions are alpine grassland engineering trail lands, alpine grassland engineering trail lands and alpine meadow engineering trail lands;

1) for the project land of the alpine grassland area with the purpose of ecological restoration, the method comprises the following steps:

plant collocation: perennial quick-acting thinning type grass solenon grass, perennial quick-acting thinning type grass flathead agropyron cristatum, perennial quick-acting root type grass lysimachia, perennial quick-acting dense-clump type cold-land bluegrass;

the plant matching weight proportion is as follows: 2:2:2: 3;

seeding rate: 6 kg/mu;

seed quality: the purity is 100 percent, and the germination rate is more than 95 percent;

2) for the saline-alkali high-cold grassland project site with the purpose of ecological restoration, the method comprises the following steps:

plant collocation: perennial quick-acting sparse-clump type grass tatariella grass, perennial quick-acting sparse-clump type elymus nutans, long-acting dense-clump type asterias amurensis and long-acting dense-clump type aliphala;

the plant matching weight proportion is as follows: 3:1:2: 2;

seeding rate: 6 kg/mu;

3) for the project site of the alpine meadow area with the aim of ecological restoration, the method comprises the following steps:

plant collocation: perennial quick-acting sparse-clump type grass elymus nutans, perennial effective root-stem type grassland poa pratensis, long-acting dense-clump type cold-land poa pratensis and long-acting dense-clump type Chinese fescue;

the plant matching weight proportion is as follows: 3:2:2: 1;

seeding rate: 6 kg/mu;

seed quality: the purity is more than or equal to 90 percent, and the germination rate is more than or equal to 90 percent.