CN102067776B - Method for constructing vegetation in ecological concrete spheres on river bank protection slope - Google Patents
Method for constructing vegetation in ecological concrete spheres on river bank protection slope Download PDFInfo
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- CN102067776B CN102067776B CN 201010296522 CN201010296522A CN102067776B CN 102067776 B CN102067776 B CN 102067776B CN 201010296522 CN201010296522 CN 201010296522 CN 201010296522 A CN201010296522 A CN 201010296522A CN 102067776 B CN102067776 B CN 102067776B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a related culture technology and a method for constructing phalaris arundinacea population in ecological concrete spheres on a river bank protection slope, belonging to the technical field of ecological environmental protection and restoration of a watercourse bank slope. The method provides a series of culture integration technologies such as a picking and storage method of phalaris arundinacea seeds, a selective criterion of a vinegar residue matrix, a sowing date determination principle, sowing density, a sowing method and irrigation and fertilization management after sowing. With the adaptation of the integration technologies, the acidity and the basicity of the ecological concrete are significantly improved, the growing time of the phalaris arundinacea before a next-year wet season is prolonged, the proportion of planting the phalaris arundinacea in gaps in the concrete spheres is increased, the vegetation coverage reaches over 100 percent, and the average biomass can reach 1.36kg/m<2> (dry weight above the ground). Moreover, the number of the phalaris arundinacea which is washed away is significantly reduced after the next-year wet season, and the vegetation is stable.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind ofly carry out technology and the method for vegetation construction at riverbank spheroid eco-concrete bank protection, belong to the technical field of river course bank slope ecological environmental protection and reparation.
Background technology:
Eco-concrete is a kind of new concrete, and this technique functions comes from the Japan of the nineties in last century, and has worldwide obtained extensive use subsequently.In recent years, China has all obtained certain progress in research and the application in this field.On form, the eco-concrete member mainly contains spheroid or several classes such as hemisphere building block, trellis building block and the building block of imitative stone shape, but all is to mix and stir the continuous poriferous cellular building block that cast forms by coarse aggregate, cement, water and additive.But owing to have strong basicity as the portland cement of Binder Materials, make concrete internal pore liquid phase pH generally all up to more than 12, this is totally unfavorable to plant field planting in advance and late growing stage.In addition, some traditional planting types often make root system of plant be difficult to prick slit, depths to the concrete, have reduced growth plant wherein and have resisted the ability that the river washes away.Therefore, the screening of suitable biological species and the optimization of planting type will be the important channels of realizing that the eco-concrete vegetation successfully makes up, and technology lays particular emphasis on the eco-concrete manufacture craft more at present, and is relative less with application to adaptive plant screening and corresponding culture technique research.
Of the present invention group once in certain river dry season in early spring, tentatively utilizes the poor thick slag of vinegar of slant acidity to make matrix, is filled between the different spheroids of this riverside slope eco-concrete junction, the space Phalaris grass seedling of planting, and seedling survives rapidly and the later stage grows fine.But after the wet season, the Phalaris grass that only has part to be grown in junction, space cylindrical cavity is survived, and all the other are almost washed away by company's root entirely, and therefore, this culture technique needs to be optimized, to make up stable bank eco-concrete vegetation.
The Phalaris grass be a kind of be distributed widely in the north temperate zone and to the north of the perennial cold season rhizome grass in area, the fibrous root prosperity, plant height 1.5-1.7m, happiness is grown in shallow water and the sough on loke shore limit, river, and deep water is flooded very strong adaptability is arranged.Also have extremely strong drought resistance, cold resistance and soda acid adaptability simultaneously, can be in the scope of pH value 4.9-8.4 well-grown.Because dirt-removing power is strong, often be used as main constructed wetland plant in Europe and carry out waste water treatment, application is also arranged in the artificial swamp of China at present.And Phalaris grass nutrient component height, good palatability and anti-characteristics such as cradle make it to be used as a kind of high quality forage in some countries and regions and plant.In area, China middle and lower reach of Yangtze River, the large quantities of sproutings of rhizome around the Spring Festival of Phalaris grass, May, early and middle ten days blossomed and beared fruit, and summer, plant had the Huang of falling slightly, but still had a small amount of rhizome to sprout, and the time in late autumn sprouts rhizome and increases, until winter, and the majority survival of surviving the winter.As be distributed in the big riverbank of SEA LEVEL VARIATION, and the wet season will be flooded by deep water, and acrial part is withered and root system begins dormancy.After water moved back, underground rhizome continued to germinate until winter immediately.Based on vegetative propagation, also can carry out sexual seminal propagation under the nature, and seed do not have resting stage, the four seasons can be sowed germination.Therefore, the frequent staggered THE LOWER YANGTZE VALLEY in land and water, the Phalaris grass is especially suitable as the plantation plant of the Changjiang river bank slope eco-concrete.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the invention by adopting " vinegar residue organic matrix+Phalaris grass " plantation pattern and supporting integrated technology, realizes the structure of riverbank eco-concrete bank protection stable vegetation in order to overcome deficiency of the prior art.
Technical scheme: the test of planting of the Phalaris that before carries out grass seedling is that the thick slag that earlier vinegar is pickled with grains or in wine is filled in junction, space between different spheroids, after with seedling replanting on matrix, and seedling is not planted into the eco-concrete internal pore.Have in the poor thick slag of vinegar in addition and be whole rice husk state more than 70%, seldom infiltrate eco-concrete spheroid internal pore and accumulate in junction, space between each spheroid, therefore, the back Phalaris grass roots owner that plants will concentrate on and take root not firm in the more fertile matrix, and the poor thick slag of vinegar is very easily washed away by current, therefore, the stability of preparation has more been aggravated the situation that flood season, the Phalaris grass was flushed away.At the problem of above existence, the present invention will substitute original thick slag matrix to develop Powdered vinegar residue organic matrix recently, substitute the planting type of former seedling replanting with seeding method, and be aided with supporting cultivation management measure.Its technical scheme mainly may further comprise the steps:
(1) in time collect seed and store: the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River general late May is optimal harvest time, and threshing is dried and is placed on shady and cool place and preserves standby.
(2) the eco-concrete building block is selected: the eco-concrete building block selects surface area big, and the firm conjuncted building block of most balls is stablized in the bottom; This eco-concrete building block is connected hemispheroidal square base by 9 on top or 16 hemispheres and constitutes with the bottom, the identical cylindrical hole of size is left in the junction of gap between each spheroid, and sphere diameter and building block height are 25cm.
(3) date of seeding is determined: according to the annual characteristic that all can sow of Phalaris grass, will be chosen in the river sowing time after the wet season, sloping bank is stable to appear the time, and wherein, river course, the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River sowing time should be about late September.
(4) before seed soaking and the sowing sowing seed was shone 1-2 days, the 48h that soaks seed then sows after waiting the seed imbibition full, and seeding quantity is 800-1000 grain/m
2Even according to turning over after the poor ratio mixing of the Powdered vinegar of 800-1000 grain seed/0.25kg, be sprinkling upon junction, space between eco-concrete spherome surface and spheroid equably, gently sweep back and forth with broom then, make the part seed can enter eco-concrete spheroid internal pore; Wherein cultivation selects for use pH to be about 5.5 Powdered acid vinegar residue organic matrix.
(5) rational water and fertilizer management: water before emerging and follow on a small quantity repeatedly principle, watered once at least 2 days, fine day then waters once every day; Still need strengthen water management after emerging, be diligent in pouring, cultivate strong sprout; Mass concentration of seedling spraying is 0.5% urea liquid, and it is 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate improving the cold resistance of Phalaris grass that the phase of surviving the winter sprays mass concentration, April next year Phalaris grass fast growing period to spray a mass concentration again be 1% urea liquid.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: implement vegetation construction according to the integrated technology that the present invention announces, before arriving in wet season next year, the slope-protecting vegetation cover degree reaches 100%, Phalaris grass average height 156cm, and average biomass can reach 1.36kg/m
2(acrial part dry weight) has other species associations of a small amount of locality simultaneously.After wet season next year, only have a small amount of Phalaris grass to be flushed away, vegetation is stable.
To be the poor matrix of 5.5 vinegar played fine neutralization to the strong basicity of eco-concrete to the pH value, and matrix covers back concrete internal pore liquid phase P H value by original 11.8, drops to 7.9, reached the Phalaris grass desired acid or alkali environment of well growing.
The seeding method that the present invention adopts can make 70% above Phalaris grass be planted in concrete spheroid internal voids, thereby makes plant strain growth more firm, avoids the later stage to be flushed away.
According to equal plantable characteristic Phalaris grass whole year, will be arranged in sowing time after the wet season, sloping bank is stable to appear the time, prolongs Phalaris grass growth time widely, has improved erosion in the flood season next year ability of resisting.
Phalaris grass dirt-removing power is strong, and the green phase is long, thereby has higher purification and beautify effect.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 hemisphere eco-concrete building block vertical view, wherein 1 top hemisphere building block; 2 bottom rectangle bases; 3 spheroid internal pores; Junction, space between 4 different spheroids; Junction, 5 space cylindrical cavities.
Fig. 2 hemisphere eco-concrete building block front view, wherein 1 top hemisphere building block; 2 bottom rectangle bases; 3 spheroid internal pores; Junction, space between 4 different spheroids.
Embodiment
The vinegar residue organic matrix that the present invention uses is the Powdered vinegar residue organic matrix of permanent glad board that utilizes vinegar waste residue joint research and development processed to develop, and is a kind of spacetabs type matrix fertilizer.This matrix is by after the reasonable acid adjustment of waste residue that acid vinegar is pickled with grains or in wine, series of process processes such as the composite bacteria that adds screening meticulously ferments, turning, drying, moulding process, its content of organic matter is up to more than 35%, nitrogen phosphorus potassium total amount greater than 4%, pH value normally between 5.8-6.5.As the eco-concrete cultivation matrix, the pH value can be transferred to about 5.5.This matrix has two kinds of Powdered and graininess on form, to adapt to different production needs.
Implement the place on the ecological revetment in Binjiang main road, THE LOWER YANGTZE VALLEY city, this long-term wet season of segment length river mid-July to early September, during the wet season about the about 1.8m of ecological revetment bottom maximum water depth, have the significantly staggered band in land and water on the bank protection, a kind of riverbank of the present invention spheroid eco-concrete slope-protecting vegetation construction method is just implemented in this interlaced area.Concrete steps are:
(1) went the just ripe wild Phalaris that gathers of wetland along the river carelessly to plant before May 27, threshing is dried and is placed on shady and cool place and preserves standby.Substantially do not have the Phalaris grass seed to sell in the market, grass seeds must arrive the field and gather voluntarily.The Phalaris grass is spike, and the seed seed is little, grouting time is short, shattering very easily after the maturation, so grass seeds should in time be gathered.Be best collecting time when fringe portion green takes off most commentaries on classics when yellow, the back rubbing threshing of gathering, seed dries that the back is shady and cool preserves.
(2) the conjuncted building block of 16 hemisphere (as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2) is selected in the eco-concrete building block, this globoid is connected hemispheroidal square base 2 by 16 hemispheres 1 in top and constitutes with the bottom, the cylindrical hole 5 that diameter is 8cm is left in junction, space 4 between each spheroid, sphere diameter and building block height are 25cm, connect by the connector of reserving between the building block, junction, space 4 and cylindrical hole 5 are wherein all sowed the Phalaris grass between hemisphere 1 and spheroid.
(3) before the present invention Phalaris grass seedling replanting test arrangement the early spring in river dry season carry out, shorter relatively apart from time of arriving wet season, Phalaris grass growth of seedling deficiency of time also is the later stage one of the main reasons that is flushed away of most plant.Therefore, the present invention will be chosen in the river sowing time after the wet season according to the annual characteristic that all can sow of Phalaris grass, and sloping bank is stable to appear the time, to guarantee before the Phalaris grass arrived in wet season next year long growth time being arranged.In fine 18-19 day in September, Phalaris grass seeds to be broadcast is tanned by the sun two days later, with clear water seed soaking, removes floating empty flat, pull out behind the 48h and drain, to sow and the matrix covering according to the described method of technical scheme September 22, seeding quantity is about 1000/m
2Because the Phalaris grass seed is minimum, length only has about 1mm, for making sowing evenly, even according to turning over after the poor ratio mixing of the Powdered vinegar of 800-1000 grain seed/0.25kg, be sprinkling upon junction, space 4 between eco-concrete spheroid 1 surface and spheroid equably, gently sweep back and forth with broom then, make the part seed can enter eco-concrete spheroid internal pore 3; Cultivation selects for use pH to be about 5.5 Powdered acid vinegar residue organic matrix, such matrix both can be effectively in the strong basicity of eco-concrete, can infiltrate eco-concrete spheroid internal pore 3 again morely.Sowing is sprinkling upon Powdered matrix on the concrete sphere after finishing, gently sweep back and forth while spreading with broom, matrix powder as much as possible is swept spheroid internal pore 3, all the other most of matrix will be swept to the gap 4 between spheroid, fill up after the gap, on spherome surface, evenly spray low amounts of water with watering can again, bring seed and matrix in spheroid space, depths 3 as much as possible to form thread, thereby take root more firm.
(4) October 5 began to emerge, emerging substantially to 13 days finishes.Mostly be sunny weather during this time, the water retention property of the poor matrix of eco-concrete and vinegar is all relatively poor, therefore, waters once in every 1-2 days.After emerging, be diligent in watering according to state of weather, keep matrix moistening.Because the poor matrix of vinegar belongs to the spacetabs type organic manure, sprays a certain amount of 0.5% urea liquid October 28, sprays a certain amount of 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate January 8 next year, to improve the cold resistance of Phalaris grass, sprays a certain amount of 1% urea liquid at the beginning of 4 months next years again.The Phalaris grass can reach high as far as possible biomass before guaranteeing the wet season arriving, guarantees that especially underground root system can well stretch in the eco-concrete internal pore
(5) at the beginning of 4 months, the slope-protecting vegetation cover degree has reached 100%, to the Phalaris annual biomass of grass the highest mid-May, and Phalaris grass average height 156cm, average biomass can reach 1.36kg/m
2(acrial part dry weight) wherein has 72% above Phalaris grass to be planted in concrete spheroid internal pore 3.After the wet season, a small amount of Phalaris grass that only is grown in junction, spheroid space 4 is flushed away, and is flushed away the Phalaris grass and is lower than 10%, and the Phalaris grass that retains newly bears large quantities of rhizomes immediately, and cover degree can reach 100% before year.
Claims (1)
1. riverbank spheroid eco-concrete slope-protecting vegetation construction method is characterized in that carrying out according to following steps:
(1) in time collects seed and storage: middle and lower reach of Yangtze River late May is picking time, and threshing is dried and is placed on shady and cool place and preserves standby;
(2) the eco-concrete building block is selected:The eco-concrete building block selects surface area big, and the firm conjuncted building block of most balls is stablized in the bottom; This eco-concrete building block is connected hemispheroidal square base by 9 on top or 16 hemispheres and constitutes with the bottom, the identical cylindrical hole of size is left in the junction of gap between each spheroid, and sphere diameter and building block height are 25cm;
(3) date of seeding, determined: according to the annual characteristic that all can sow of Phalaris grass, will be chosen in the river sowing time after the wet season, sloping bank is stable to appear the time;
(4) seed soaking and sowing:Before the sowing seed was shone 1-2 days, the 48h that soaks seed then sows after waiting the seed imbibition full, and seeding quantity is 800-1000 grain/m
2Even according to turning over after the poor ratio mixing of the Powdered vinegar of 800-1000 grain seed/0.25kg, be sprinkling upon junction, space between eco-concrete spherome surface and spheroid equably, gently sweep back and forth with broom then, make the part seed can enter eco-concrete spheroid internal pore; Wherein to select pH for use be 5.5 Powdered acid vinegar residue organic matrix to cultivation matrix;
(5) rational water and fertilizer management:Water before emerging and follow on a small quantity repeatedly principle, watered once at least 2 days; Fine day then waters once every day; Still need strengthen water management after emerging, be diligent in pouring, cultivate strong sprout; Mass concentration of seedling spraying is 0.5% urea liquid, and it is 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate improving the cold resistance of Phalaris grass that the phase of surviving the winter sprays mass concentration, April next year Phalaris grass fast growing period to spray a mass concentration again be 1% urea liquid.
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| CN102763556A (en) * | 2012-08-06 | 2012-11-07 | 四川省草原科学研究院 | Method for improving yield of Sichuan glass lead No.3 phalaris seeds |
| CN102763554B (en) * | 2012-08-06 | 2015-06-03 | 四川省草原科学研究院 | Asexual propagation and cultivation method of podostemales No.3 which is phalaris arundinacea |
| CN102825648B (en) * | 2012-09-20 | 2014-09-17 | 中国建筑第八工程局有限公司 | Preparation method of porous concrete for plant growth |
| CN103523926B (en) * | 2013-07-24 | 2015-02-04 | 江苏大学 | Preparation method of simple ecological floating bed device |
| CN105152350B (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2017-12-29 | 南京工业大学 | A kind of vegetation type ecological shoal construction method |
| CN107419703B (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2023-10-31 | 北京东方园林环境股份有限公司 | Vegetation type water purification concrete block revetment and construction method thereof |
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| CN1800504A (en) * | 2006-01-13 | 2006-07-12 | 同济大学 | Ecological concrete bank slope and its making method |
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| CN1800504A (en) * | 2006-01-13 | 2006-07-12 | 同济大学 | Ecological concrete bank slope and its making method |
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| 付为国.镇江滨江堤岸生态护坡工程设计及植被效应研究.《中国农村水利水电》.2008,(第12期),全文. * |
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Inventor after: Leng Jianxiong Inventor after: Liao Haibin Inventor after: Luo Liujun Inventor after: Liao Qin Inventor before: Fu Weiguo Inventor before: Li Pingping Inventor before: Jiang Jie |
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Effective date of registration: 20170713 Address after: 330029 No. five, No. 398, hi tech Road, Jiangxi, Nanchang Patentee after: Jiangxi Esun Environmental Protection Co., Ltd. Address before: 212013 Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province University Road, No. 301 Patentee before: Jiangsu University |