CN105145234A

CN105145234A - Kiwi fruit culturing method

Info

Publication number: CN105145234A
Application number: CN201510461275.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 许冬梅; 徐军; 王成
Original assignee: Jurong Xingfu Yangguang Ecological Agriculture Development Co Ltd
Current assignee: Jurong Xingfu Yangguang Ecological Agriculture Development Co Ltd
Priority date: 2015-07-30
Filing date: 2015-07-30
Publication date: 2015-12-16

Abstract

The invention discloses a kiwi fruit culturing method comprising the following steps of selecting a land, planning the land, planting a windbreak belt and planting seedlings. The seedling plantation method is that fixed-plantation trenches are dug as planned and have the width of 0.8 to 1.0m and depth of 0.6 or fixed-plantation caves with an area of 0.6 square meters are formed; more than 20kg decomposed organic fertilizer, 1kg superphosphate and proper bacterial fertilizer are applied to plants, then evenly mixed with mellow soil and backfilled surrounding fixed-plantation points; the surrounding is watered and solidified; transplantation is conducted when soil moisture is proper; permeable water is applied for one time after transplantation; then tree disks are covered with thin films, except for the tree trunk base parts; and survival can be guaranteed and growth can be promoted.

Description

Kiwifruit Culture method

Technical field

The invention belongs to field of agricultural production technologies, be specifically related to a kind of Kiwifruit Culture method.

Background technology

Kiwi fruit, fallen leaves liana, branch brown, leaf subcircular or wide obovate, milky when the flowers are in blossom, rear flavescence look, single raw or several be born in axil, florescence, the fructescence 8-10 month, the fruit about 6 centimetres of kiwi fruit was high, circumference about 4.5 to 5.5 centimetres in the 5-6 month, generally oval, dark brown epidermis with hair generally do not eat, and be then the seed of pulp in bright green and row's black in it, the taste of its fruit is similar with the mixing taste of strawberry, banana, pineapple three.

Kiwi fruit ancestors come from China, are utilized by New Zealand and American-European countries, develop into worldwide fruit, and long period contention occupies international kiwi fruit market.China rises to industry from investigation, excavation, domestication, improvement, seed selection improved seeds Actinidia, experienced by for 30 years, and New Zealand obtains resource from China, lead the world, become kiwi fruit breeding, to produce and big export country has 100 years history, Japan is also prior to China 40 years.Accelerate China and become Actinidia and cultivation power, researching and solving the technical problem that cultivating seedlings exists, is important step.

Kiwi fruit happiness is loose ventilative, the soil that moistening, the content of organic matter is high, and its main root is undeveloped, and root distribution in side is shallow and wide, and fibrous root is flourishing especially, and its root is fleshy root, not resistance to ponding, and blade is large, and greatly, drought resistance is poor for water evaporation quantity.

Existing technique for culturing yangtao just chooses suitable sandy loam, dig pit around Teng's root and fill out fertilizer, prune remaining branch off, or height builds the technology such as furrow ridge, as number of patent application 95105346.9, disclose " technique for culturing yangtao ", this technology is simply extensive, surviving of seedling cannot be ensured, more cannot ensure kiwi fruit output; Number of patent application 201110062457.1 discloses " the high ridge cultivation method of kiwi fruit ", although this technology can keep kiwi fruit coring ventilated, cannot water conservation moisturizing, and also cannot ensure kiwi fruit output." technique for culturing yangtao under adverse environmental factor " and for example described in Chinese patent ZL201010267474.4, effectively can adapt to the coastal adverse circumstance areas such as the Yangtze River Delta.And for example application number be 95105346 Chinese patent application file disclose one " technique for culturing yangtao ", be by the kiwi fruit seed of collection through process, nursery, transplanting, prune and tie up the process such as climing to obtain the strong kiwi fruit of environmental suitability.

Summary of the invention

Goal of the invention: the cultivation method that the object of this invention is to provide a kind of kiwi fruit.

Technical scheme: method of the present invention, comprises the selection in soil, the planning in soil, wind break is treated plants and the planting of nursery stock;

Concrete, the method for planting of described nursery stock is: according to planning excavation field planting ditch, furrow width 0.8 ~ 1.0 meter, ditch depth 0.6 meter or the square planting pit of excavation 0.6 meter; Decomposed manure more than 20 kilograms, superphosphate 1 kilogram and appropriate bacterial manure are executed in strain, backfill after stirring with mellow soil around field planting point, water depositing in water real, plant when soil moisture content is suitable for, fill with once permeable after planting, then on tree dish covering with plastic film, avoid butt, guarantee survives, growth promoting effects.

Described selection level land, soil or lower than the ground, gentle slope on the sunny side of 10 °; Soil layer is deep, the light earth of soil property or middle earth, and pH value 5.5 ~ 7.5, the topsoil soils content of organic matter more than 1.0%, subterranean water level is below 1 meter.

Being planned to of described soil: operation community can be divided when field area is larger, every cell length is no more than 150 meters, wide 40 ~ 50 meters, general adopt north and south row to, configuration field road, irrigation canal, operation room, storehouse and toilet and garbage disposal point.

Described shelterbelt implantation methods is: windy area to be planted shelterbelt apart from kiwi fruit row 5 ~ 6 meters of of planting in main windward side, and tall filling combines, distance between rows and hills 1.0 ~ 1.5 × 1.0 meters, and 2 ~ 3 row diagonal way are planted; Choice of tree species willow, trifoliate orange, shrubby flase indigo etc.

The described transplanted seedling tree degree of depth 13 ~ 15 centimetres, roughly parallel to the ground with the soil in nursery stock collar portion print, grafting mouth is exposed at more than ground and is as the criterion.

Described nursery stock adopts T-shape frame, and planting density is: distance between rows and hills 3.5 ~ 4.0 × 2.5 ~ 3.0 meters; Adopt greenhouse frame, distance between rows and hills 4.0 × 3.0 ~ 4.0 meters.

Planting of described nursery stock, period be the spring plant or the autumn plant, the spring plant thaw from soil after to rudiment; Autumn plants from fallen leaves to frozen soil.

Described fertilizer is the mixture of cotton dregs, vinasse, manioc waste and mica powder.

Described bacterial manure contains azotobacter, Trichoderma and bacillus subtilis.

Beneficial effect: adopt cultivation method of the present invention, the kiwi fruit obtained, fruit shape is good, uniform color, the clean not damaged in fruit face; Pulp succulence, soft or hard, moderately sour and sweet, savory.Containing Ke dissolubility Gu Xing Wu≤6.5% when gathering, fruit soft ripe after reach 14%.The fertilizer adopted is pollution-free, has no side effect to people and animals.

Embodiment:

Below by specific embodiment, method of the present invention is further illustrated.

Embodiment 1

1 environmental condition

According to NY/T391-2000 regulation, the place of production keeps with fresh air for a long time, water quality and soil all uncontaminated.

2 meteorological conditions

According to following index average annual temperature 12 ~ 16 DEG C, January monthly weather-1 ~ 2 DEG C, July monthly temperature 25 ~ 27 DEG C, vegetative period >=more than 8.5 DEG C accumulated temperature 2500 ~ 3000 DEG C.Average annual precipitation 600 ~ 1000 millimeters.Average annual sunshine duration more than 1900 hours.

3 landform, soil

Select level land or the ground, gentle slope on the sunny side lower than 10 °.Soil layer is deep, the light earth of soil property or middle earth, and pH value 5.5 ~ 7.5, the topsoil soils content of organic matter more than 1.0%, subterranean water level is below 1 meter.There is irrigation conditions.

4 field planning

Can divide operation community when field area is larger, every cell length is no more than 150 meters, wide 40 ~ 50 meters, general adopt north and south row to.Configuration field road, irrigation (draining) channel, operation room, storehouse and toilet and garbage disposal point etc.

5 shelterbelts

Windy area to be planted shelterbelt apart from kiwi fruit row 5 ~ 6 meters of of planting in main windward side, and tall filling combines, and distance between rows and hills 1.0 ~ 1.5 × 1.0 meters, 2 ~ 3 row diagonal way are planted, choice of tree species willow, trifoliate orange, shrubby flase indigo etc.

6 Fruit variety

Kiwifruit selects the kind such as extra large water, Xu Xiang, emerald green perfume, Jin Xiang, and Hua You selected by Chinese gooseberry, the kinds such as No. 2 are selected, to develop Kiwifruit kind in late red (great Ye Red Male), Red Male, west.

7 Root-stock selection

Kiwifruit kind and Chinese gooseberry kind all make stock with Kiwifruit.

8 selection of seedlings

Kind is pure, and well developed root system, robust growth, bud are full, and without root-knot nematode, coccid, root rot, epidemic disease viral disease, the one-level seedling meeting kiwi fruit seedling quality standard (side root, point takes root 34, length 20 cm, rugosity 0.4 cm; Seedling height 60 cm, nursery stock rugosity 0.8 cm; Full bud more than 5; It is good that grafting combines healing, and degree of lignification is high).

9 female plants and staminiferous plant are arranged in pairs or groups

The pollination staminiferous plant that configuration pollen amount is large, affinity strong, the florescence meets substantially, sex ration is 5 ~ 8:1.

10 planting generation

From fallen leaves advocate to frozen soil the autumn plant, on the spot nursery leaf can be with to plant in late October; Spring plant thaw from soil after to rudiment.

11 method for planting

According to planning excavation field planting ditch, furrow width 0.8 ~ 1.0 meter, ditch depth 0.6 meter or the square planting pit of excavation 0.6 meter.Decomposed manure more than 20 kilograms, superphosphate 1 kilogram and appropriate bacterial manure are executed in strain, backfill around field planting point, water depositing in water real, plant when soil moisture content is suitable for mellow soil after stirring.The depth of planting 13 ~ 15 centimetres, roughly parallel to the ground with the soil in nursery stock collar portion print, grafting mouth is exposed at more than ground and is as the criterion.Fill with once permeable after planting, then on tree dish covering with plastic film, avoid butt, ensure to survive, growth promoting effects.

12 planting densities

Adopt T-shape frame, distance between rows and hills 3.5 ~ 4.0 × 2.5 ~ 3.0 meters; Adopt greenhouse frame, distance between rows and hills 4.0 × 3.0 ~ 4.0 meters.

Fertilizer in said process adopts the mixture of cotton dregs, vinasse, manioc waste and mica powder.Bacterial manure contains azotobacter, Trichoderma and bacillus subtilis.By above-mentioned cultivation method, the kiwi fruit obtained, fruit shape is good, uniform color, the clean not damaged in fruit face; Pulp succulence, soft or hard, moderately sour and sweet, savory.Containing Ke dissolubility Gu Xing Wu≤6.5% when gathering, fruit soft ripe after reach 14%.

Cultivation result, compared with conventional method, sees the following form:

	Conventional method	Cultivation method of the present invention
			Seedling height	More than 30 centimetres	More than 40 centimetres
Lateral root number	Article 4, more than	Article 4, more than
			Full bud number	More than 3	More than 5
Root skin and stem skin	Old injury area < 1cm ²	Without drying shrinkage elephant skin

Claims

1. a Kiwifruit Culture method, is characterized in that described method comprises the selection in soil, the planning in soil, wind break is treated plants and the planting of nursery stock;

Planting of described nursery stock, its method is: according to planning excavation field planting ditch, furrow width 0.8 ~ 1.0 meter, ditch depth 0.6 meter or the square planting pit of excavation 0.6 meter; Decomposed manure more than 20 kilograms, superphosphate 1 kilogram and appropriate bacterial manure are executed in strain, backfill after stirring with mellow soil around field planting point, water depositing in water real, plant when soil moisture content is suitable for, fill with once permeable after planting, then on tree dish covering with plastic film, avoid butt, guarantee survives, growth promoting effects.

2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that described selection level land, soil or the ground, gentle slope on the sunny side lower than 10 °; Soil layer is deep, the light earth of soil property or middle earth, and pH value 5.5 ~ 7.5, the topsoil soils content of organic matter more than 1.0%, subterranean water level is below 1 meter.

3. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that being planned to of described soil: when field area is larger, operation community can be divided, every cell length is no more than 150 meters, wide 40 ~ 50 meters, general employing north and south row to, configuration field road, irrigation canal, operation room, storehouse and toilet and garbage disposal point.

4. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that described shelterbelt implantation methods is: windy area to be planted shelterbelt apart from kiwi fruit row 5 ~ 6 meters of of planting in main windward side, tall filling combines, distance between rows and hills 1.0 ~ 1.5 × 1.0 meters, and 2 ~ 3 row diagonal way are planted; Choice of tree species willow, trifoliate orange, shrubby flase indigo etc.

5. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that the described transplanted seedling tree degree of depth 13 ~ 15 centimetres, and roughly parallel to the ground with the soil in nursery stock collar portion print, grafting mouth is exposed at more than ground and is as the criterion.

6. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that described nursery stock adopts T-shape frame, planting density is: distance between rows and hills 3.5 ~ 4.0 × 2.5 ~ 3.0 meters; Adopt greenhouse frame, distance between rows and hills 4.0 × 3.0 ~ 4.0 meters.

7. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that planting of described nursery stock, period be the spring plant or the autumn plant, the spring plant thaw from soil after to rudiment; Autumn plants from fallen leaves to frozen soil.

8. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that described fertilizer is the mixture of cotton dregs, vinasse, manioc waste and mica powder.

9. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that described bacterial manure contains azotobacter, Trichoderma and bacillus subtilis.