CN107419703B - Vegetation type water purification concrete block revetment and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Vegetation type water purification concrete block revetment and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107419703B CN107419703B CN201710800510.0A CN201710800510A CN107419703B CN 107419703 B CN107419703 B CN 107419703B CN 201710800510 A CN201710800510 A CN 201710800510A CN 107419703 B CN107419703 B CN 107419703B
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 148
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- 239000003469 silicate cement Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;potassium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[K+] DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052612 amphibole Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
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- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004103 aerobic respiration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000609240 Ambelania acida Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012237 artificial material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010905 bagasse Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 masonry Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
- E02B3/14—Preformed blocks or slabs for forming essentially continuous surfaces; Arrangements thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
- C05F11/02—Other organic fertilisers from peat, brown coal, and similar vegetable deposits
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to a vegetation type water purification concrete block revetment and a construction method thereof, wherein the water purification concrete block revetment comprises blocks which are mutually wedged and spliced and paved on a revetment slope, the blocks sequentially comprise a central column body mechanism and an outer frame mechanism from the center to the edge, one group of side-to-side lower parts of the outer frame mechanism are respectively of an inverted T-shaped structure and an inverted L-shaped structure, the opposite side surfaces of the outer frame mechanism are respectively provided with a convex strip structure and a groove structure, and the inverted T-shaped structure and the inverted L-shaped structure of the adjacent blocks and the convex strip structure and the groove structure are mutually wedged and spliced. The method can be applied to construction of water body revetments of rivers, lakes and the like, and promotes the effect of purifying non-point source pollution of the revetments while promoting the application of ecological concrete to the revetments.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of revetment ecological restoration of riverways, lakes and other water bodies, in particular to a vegetation type water purification concrete block revetment and a construction method thereof.
Background
The revetment is a collective name of various bedding and planting made on the slope surface for preventing the river bank slope from scouring instability. Because of focusing on flood control safety, modern revetments generally adopt semi-permeable or non-permeable artificial materials such as masonry, concrete or reinforced concrete to carry out reinforcement treatment on a shoreline. The biggest advantage of the hard revetment is firmness and durability; but it cuts off the material and energy exchange of the water and land ecological system, so that the whole revetment becomes a closed system, the living environment of animals and plants is destroyed, and the ecological function and self-cleaning capability of the river bank zone are lost. Therefore, the development of revetment technology with both protection and ecological functions is the current direction of revetment engineering development.
The ecological concrete takes porous concrete as a framework, a proper material mixed with plant seeds is filled into pores of the porous concrete or covered above the porous concrete, after a period of cultivation, plants germinate and grow, plant root systems extend and grow in the pores of the porous concrete, and the plants and the concrete are integrated into a whole to form an environment-friendly revetment material with certain strength and vegetation coverage rate, so that the ecological concrete is a development direction of ecological revetments. The ecological concrete has a continuous porous structure, so that free permeation of water and air can be realized, a growth space is provided for microorganisms and plants, and the microorganisms and plants can purify the water body by absorbing, utilizing and converting pollutants in runoff. But the ecological concrete has the defects of low strength, poor durability, easy blockage, easy fracture and the like in the application process, which greatly limits the application of the ecological concrete in revetment.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to solve the problems existing in the prior ecological concrete revetment, and provides a plant-growing type water purification concrete block revetment with high strength, blockage prevention and stable structure and a construction method thereof, so as to achieve the aims of enhancing the strength and durability of the revetment, preventing blockage and improving the purification effect of the revetment.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the application provides a plant-growing type water purification concrete block shore protection, which is formed by mutually wedging and splicing blocks laid on a shore protection slope, wherein the whole block is of a regular prism-shaped three-dimensional structure with a horizontal bottom end and a hemispherical upper end, the block sequentially comprises a central column mechanism and an outer frame mechanism from the center to the edge, the lower part of the central column mechanism is wrapped and fixed by the outer frame mechanism, the lower part of the central column mechanism is of a prism body, the upper part of the central column mechanism is of a hemispherical structure, the central column mechanism comprises a first ecological concrete layer of a top layer and a second ecological concrete layer arranged below the first ecological concrete layer, the inside of the first ecological concrete layer and the inside of the second ecological concrete layer are filled with plant seeds and a proper material, the upper end of the outer frame mechanism is of an uncovered and transparent common concrete structure in the middle of the lower end, one group of side-to-side lower parts of the outer frame mechanism are respectively of an inverted T-shaped structure and an inverted L-shaped structure, and the opposite side surfaces of the outer frame mechanism are respectively provided with a convex strip structure, an inverted groove structure and an inverted L-shaped structure and a splicing structure, and an inverted L-shaped structure are mutually matched structure.
Preferably, the first ecological concrete layer is of a hemispherical structure with the thickness of 2-3 cm, the grain size of coarse aggregate in the first ecological concrete layer is 10-13 mm, the water-cement ratio is 0.37-0.40, and the porosity is 18% -22%.
Preferably, the lower part of the second ecological concrete layer is in a quadrangular prism structure, the upper end of the second ecological concrete layer is in a hemispherical structure, the overall height of the second ecological concrete layer is 13-17 cm, the grain size of coarse aggregate in the second ecological concrete layer is 20-30 mm, the water-cement ratio is 0.32-0.34, and the porosity is 25% -30%.
Preferably, the whole outer frame mechanism is of a square frame three-dimensional common concrete structure, the outer side length of the outer frame mechanism is 50-60 cm, the edge thickness of the square frame is 6-8 cm, and the height of the square frame is 10-13 cm.
Preferably, the central column mechanism is made of coarse aggregate and binder; the coarse aggregate is acid rock and at least comprises potassium feldspar or granite amphibole.
Preferably, the binder comprises a primary binder and a secondary binder; the main binder is Portland cement with the strength grade being more than or equal to 42.5; the auxiliary binder comprises a mixture of crop calcined ash, carbon fiber and water reducer accounting for 5% -10%, 0.5% -1.2% and 2% -4% of the mass of the silicate cement respectively.
Preferably, the carbon fiber has a length of 4 to 15mm and a diameter of 18 to 20. Mu.m.
Preferably, the suitable material consists of local soil: peat soil: humus: organic fertilizer: compound fertilizer: the water-retaining agent is prepared according to the following steps (500-700): (100-200): (50-150): (20-25): (0.3-0.6): (2-4) by mass ratio.
The application further aims at providing a construction method of the vegetation type water purification concrete block revetment, which comprises the following steps:
A. manufacturing a structural member of the building block; pouring common concrete slurry into a prefabricated outer frame mechanism die, after hardening, uniformly mixing coarse aggregate with the particle size of 20-30 mm, silicate cement and auxiliary adhesive, adding water according to the water cement ratio of 0.32-0.34, uniformly stirring, pouring into a horizontally placed outer frame to form a second ecological concrete layer, uniformly mixing coarse aggregate with the particle size of 10-13 mm, silicate cement and auxiliary adhesive, uniformly stirring with water according to the water cement ratio of 0.37-0.40, covering 2-3 cm above the second ecological concrete layer to form a first ecological concrete layer, and drying to prepare a structural member of the building block;
B. adding plant growth-suitable materials and plant seeds into pores of concrete, wherein the addition of the plant growth-suitable materials is divided into two times, firstly uniformly mixing the plant seeds and the plant growth-suitable materials with water to form slurry, then pouring the slurry from the bottom of the building block until slurry mixed liquid seeps out from the top of the building block, secondly mixing the plant growth-suitable materials with water, and then pouring the slurry mixed liquid from the bottom of the building block again until the building block is full of the slurry mixed liquid; after the plant seeds root and sprout, carrying the building blocks to a revetment side slope for paving after the number of leaves of most plants is more than 4;
C. the method comprises the steps of removing sundries, leveling a bank protection slope, paving a layer of degradable non-woven fabric on the bank slope for preventing water and soil loss and soil particles from entering the blocks to block the holes due to larger holes of the vegetation type ecological concrete blocks, paving a crushed stone layer with the thickness of 5-10 mm on the non-woven fabric to play a role of reverse filtration, paving the blocks from the slope bottom to the slope top, and mutually wedging and splicing an inverted T-shaped structure, a reverse L-shaped structure, a convex strip structure and a groove structure of each adjacent block.
D. After the paving of the building blocks is finished, the plants in the building blocks are subjected to fine maintenance management, and conventional maintenance management is performed after the plants grow vigorously.
Preferably, when the suitable material in the step B is added, in the first addition, the mass ratio of the plant seeds and the suitable material after being uniformly mixed with water is 1: (1-2.5); in the second addition, the mass ratio of the suitable material to the water is 1: (1-2.5); the reverse filtering layer is composed of non-woven fabrics at the lower part and crushed stone with the upper part thickness of 5-10 mm.
Based on the technical scheme, the application has the advantages that:
the vegetation type water purification concrete block shore protection adopts the modularized laying of the blocks, realizes the modularized application of grass planting ecological concrete, enables the whole block to be similar to the scale production of turf, directly lays the ecological concrete block growing with robust plants on a bank slope of a water body, adopts the ecological concrete with small holes on the upper layer and the plant stems and leaves with luxuriant growth, and has the advantages that the solid pollutants in the water body and the large holes on the lower layer are trapped, so that a larger growth space is provided for plant root systems, and the strength, the durability and the water purification effect of the concrete can be enhanced by adding agricultural waste incineration ash and carbon fiber into the ecological concrete. The building block integrates strength, durability and purification, has the advantages of environmental friendliness, rapidness and convenience in installation and the like, can achieve greening effect of the whole revetment in a short time, and has high popularization and application values.
The ecological concrete block for constructing the revetment provided by the application achieves the purpose of improving the strength and the water purifying performance of ecological concrete from three aspects of ecological concrete material composition, block structure and paving mode. In the aspect of material composition, crop calcined ash and carbon fiber are added into a binder of the ecological concrete block to enhance the strength and water purification performance of the ecological concrete; aiming at the paving mode, the ecological concrete is presented in the form of grass planting type building blocks, and the building blocks are mutually wedged to effectively avoid the fracture of the ecological concrete; the building block structure is arranged, the contact area of runoff and the building block can be increased by utilizing the hemispherical structure and the internal layered structure at the upper end of the building block, the plant root system and microorganism aerobic respiration are promoted, the inside blockage of the building block is prevented, and the effect of purifying the runoff water body is further achieved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and do not constitute a limitation on the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a plant-growing type water purification concrete block revetment;
fig. 2 is a schematic top view of a block structure;
fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a block structure;
fig. 4 is a schematic side view of a block.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the application is further described in detail through the drawings and the embodiments.
Example 1
The application provides a vegetation type water purification concrete block revetment, which is shown in fig. 1 to 4, wherein a preferred embodiment of the application is shown. Aiming at the problems of low strength, easy blockage of pores, easy breakage of slope and the like in the traditional ecological concrete revetment, the application wraps and fixes the side surface of the ecological concrete by using the common concrete as a frame, and adds the calcined crop ash and fiber products into the ecological concrete to increase the strength and the purification effect of the ecological concrete; meanwhile, the ecological concrete is made into a structure with small pores on the upper layer and large pores on the lower layer, and large solid particles such as silt and the like are blocked outside the ecological concrete by utilizing the small pores on the upper layer and plant root tillers with dense plants, so that the blocking problem of the ecological concrete is reduced.
Specifically, the water purification concrete block shore protection comprises blocks 2 which are mutually wedged, spliced and paved on a shore protection side slope 1, the whole block 2 is of a prismatic three-dimensional structure with a horizontal bottom end and a hemispherical upper end, the blocks 2 sequentially comprise a central column body mechanism 18 and an outer layer frame mechanism 17 from the center to the edge, the lower part of the central column body mechanism 18 is wrapped and fixed by the outer layer frame mechanism 17, the lower part of the central column body mechanism 18 is of a prism body, the upper part of the central column body mechanism is of a hemispherical structure, the central column body mechanism 18 comprises a first ecological concrete layer 4 on the top layer and a second ecological concrete layer 5 arranged below the first ecological concrete layer 4, and plant seeds and a suitable material are filled in the first ecological concrete layer 4 and the second ecological concrete layer 5; the upper end of the outer frame mechanism 17 is not covered, the middle part of the lower end is transparent, one group of sides of the outer frame mechanism 17 are respectively provided with an inverted T-shaped structure 13 and an inverted L-shaped structure 7 opposite to each other, the opposite sides of the outer frame mechanism are respectively provided with a convex strip structure and a groove structure, and the inverted T-shaped structure 13 and the inverted L-shaped structure 7 of the adjacent building blocks 2 and the convex strip structure and the groove structure are mutually wedged and spliced.
As shown in fig. 1, the water purification concrete block revetment comprises blocks 2 which are mutually wedged, spliced and paved on a revetment slope 1. The vegetation type water purification concrete block revetment adopts the modularized laying of the blocks, realizes the modularized application of grass planting ecological concrete, ensures that the whole block is similar to the scale production of 'turf', and directly lays the ecological concrete blocks growing with robust plants on the revetment slope 1 of the water body.
As shown in fig. 2, the whole building block 2 is of a square three-dimensional structure with a horizontal bottom end and a hemispherical upper end, the building block 2 sequentially comprises a central column body mechanism 18 and an outer frame mechanism 17 from the center to the edge, and the lower part of the central column body mechanism 18 is wrapped and fixed by the outer frame mechanism 17. The lower part of the central column body mechanism 18 is a quadrangular prism body, the upper end of the central column body mechanism is a hemispherical structure, and the periphery and the bottom edge of the quadrangular prism body are wrapped by the outer layer frame mechanism 17. The main function of the central column body is to provide a growth space for plants and microorganisms by utilizing the macroporous structure of the central column body, and the plant root system and the microorganisms realize the purpose of purifying surface runoff by absorbing and utilizing pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in the sewage entering the pores. And the hemispherical structure of block 2 upper end can increase sewage and block 2's area of contact, promotes plant root system and microorganism aerobic respiration, and then promotes the effect of purifying runoff water.
In order to avoid the ecological concrete to be blocked by large solid particles such as silt in water, the central column body mechanism 18 is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer of ecological concrete structures with different specifications, the central column body mechanism 18 comprises a first ecological concrete layer 4 on the top layer and a second ecological concrete layer 5 arranged below the first ecological concrete layer 4, wherein the porosity and the aperture of the first ecological concrete layer 4 are smaller than those of the second ecological concrete layer 5, and the upper layer and the lower layer are of an integrated structure.
Specifically, the ecological concrete and the materials of different layers are formed as follows: the first ecological concrete layer 4 is of a hemispherical structure with the thickness of 2-3 cm, the grain size of coarse aggregate in the first ecological concrete layer 4 is 10-13 mm, the water cement ratio is 0.37-0.40, and the porosity is 18% -22%. The small pore structure of the first ecological concrete layer 4 can block larger solid particles in the water body outside the building blocks, and can effectively avoid the blocking problem of ecological concrete.
As shown in fig. 3, the lower part of the second ecological concrete layer 5 is in a quadrangular prism structure, the upper end of the second ecological concrete layer is in a hemispherical structure, the overall height of the second ecological concrete layer 5 is 13-17 cm, the grain size of coarse aggregate in the second ecological concrete layer 5 is 20-30 mm, the water-cement ratio is 0.32-0.34, and the porosity is 25% -30%. The second ecological concrete layer 5 has larger pores, plant roots can pass through the pores to take root into soil, meanwhile, the pores and the surfaces of the plant roots can form a membrane structure for microorganism growth, and the roots and microorganisms can realize the purification of the water body by absorbing and utilizing pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in the water body. Meanwhile, the ecological concrete layer is structurally divided into the upper small pores and the lower large pores, so that the problem of ecological concrete blockage is well solved.
The central cylinder mechanism 18 is made of coarse aggregate and binder in material composition. The coarse aggregate adopts acid rocks such as potassium feldspar, granite amphibole and the like so as to reduce the influence of alkaline substances generated by the coarse aggregate on plants. Preferably, the binder comprises a primary binder and a secondary binder; the main binder is Portland cement with the strength grade being more than or equal to 42.5; the auxiliary binder comprises 5% -10%, 0.5% -1.2% and 2% -4% of calcined ash of crops, carbon fiber and water reducer water agent, wherein the mass of the auxiliary binder is 5% -10% of that of the silicate cement.
The calcined ash of crops is a substance with volcanic ash characteristic (hydraulic cementing capacity) of high-temperature calcined ash of wastes such as bagasse, rice husk and the like in agricultural production, and can be used as an auxiliary cementing material in pervious concrete, so that the strength and durability of the concrete can be improved, and the aim of waste utilization is fulfilled.
The carbon fiber is a composite material prepared from carbon fiber and related matrix resin (such as epoxy resin), and has the advantages of high strength, corrosion resistance, soft texture, strong stretchability and the like, and meanwhile, the surface of the carbon fiber can form a film structure for microorganism adhesion. The carbon fiber is used as an auxiliary binder to be mixed in the concrete, so that the strength and durability of the ecological concrete can be enhanced for the carbon fiber doped in the binder, and a membrane structure for microorganism growth can be formed for the carbon fiber exposed in a concrete gap to promote microorganism reproduction, thereby being beneficial to improving the water purifying performance of the ecological concrete. Preferably, the carbon fiber has a length of 4-15 mm and a diameter of 18-20 μm, and the mixing amount of the carbon fiber is more preferably 0.5-0.9% of the cement dosage, so that the best cost performance is obtained. The ecological concrete binding material is doped with carbon fiber and calcined crop ash as auxiliary binders, so that the strength and the water purifying effect of the ecological concrete can be remarkably improved.
Further, the first ecological concrete layer 4 and the second ecological concrete layer 5 are internally filled with plant seeds and a suitable material. Preferably, the suitable material consists of local soil: peat soil: humus: organic fertilizer: compound fertilizer: the water-retaining agent is prepared according to the following steps (500-700): (100-200): (50-150): (20-25): (0.3-0.6): (2-4) by mass ratio. The plant seeds are preferably saline-alkali resistant herbaceous plants with developed root tillers and root systems, solid particles in the water body are blocked outside the building blocks by utilizing the developed root tillers of the plants and the small-gap structure of the upper ecological concrete, and the blocking problem of the ecological concrete is effectively avoided. The structure of the vegetation type ecological concrete revetment is presented in the form of the healthy plant building blocks, so that the plant survival rate can be greatly improved, and the problem of ecological concrete fracture caused by the fluctuation of the landform of a bank slope can be effectively avoided.
As shown in fig. 3, the middle part of the lower end of the outer frame mechanism 17 is transparent, and one group of side-to-side lower parts of the outer frame mechanism 17 are respectively an inverted T-shaped structure 13 and an inverted L-shaped structure 7. The outer frame mechanism 17 is formed by casting ordinary concrete, the main body of the outer frame mechanism is of a quadrangular hollow structure, the upper end of the outer frame mechanism is not covered, and the middle of the lower end of the outer frame mechanism is transparent. Preferably, the whole outer frame mechanism is of a square frame three-dimensional common concrete structure, the outer side length of the outer frame mechanism is 50-60 cm, the edge thickness of the square frame is 6-8 cm, and the height of the square frame is 10-13 cm. As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the opposite side surfaces of the outer frame mechanism are respectively provided with a convex strip structure and a concave groove structure. The raised line structure and the groove structure are distributed on the outer edges of different edges of the quadrangular prism-shaped hollow structural body and are of an integral structure with the edges. The raised line structure and the groove structure are formed by common concrete at one time, the height of the raised line structure is consistent with that of the quadrangular prism-shaped hollow structure body, and the cross section is square with the side length of 3-5 cm.
Further, the inverted T-shaped structures 13 and the inverted L-shaped structures 7 of the adjacent building blocks 2 are mutually wedged and spliced with the convex strip structures and the groove structures. As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the ridge structure includes a second ridge 8 disposed at the outer edge of the sidewall of the inverted L-shaped structure 7 and a third ridge 16 disposed at the outer edge of one sidewall adjacent to the inverted L-shaped structure 7. The groove structure comprises a second groove 14 arranged at the outer edge of the side wall of the inverted T-shaped structure 13 and a third groove 15 arranged at the outer edge of the opposite side of the third raised strip 16; the second protruding strip 8 is matched with the second groove 14 in size, and the third protruding strip 16 is matched with the third groove 15 in size. The raised line structure and the groove structure are used for wedging different building blocks 2, and the third raised line 16 and the third groove 15 can mutually combine different building blocks 2 together, so that the whole of different rows is prevented from sliding downwards, and the integrity of the bank protection is improved; the second raised strips 8 and the second grooves 14 can effectively avoid left and right sliding between the mutually wedged building blocks 2.
In order to prevent the central column mechanism 18 from being separated from the outer frame mechanism 17 downwards, the inverted-T-shaped structure 13 is formed by a first cross arm 10 extending inwards from the bottom of the side wall of the outer frame mechanism 17, and a second cross arm 11 extending outwards from the bottom of the side wall of the outer frame mechanism 17, and a first raised strip 12 is arranged on the second cross arm 11. The anti-L-shaped structure 7 is formed by a first cross arm 10 which is arranged on the side wall of the outer side frame mechanism 17 in an extending mode from the bottom of the side wall of the outer side frame mechanism 17 to the inner side, a gap matched with the second cross arm 11 is formed in the outer side position of the first cross arm 10 of the anti-L-shaped structure 7, and a first groove 9 matched with the first raised strip 12 is formed in the upper portion of the gap.
As shown in fig. 3, a first cross arm 10 is arranged on the inner side of the lower end of the outer frame mechanism 17, and the longitudinal section of the first cross arm 10 is 6-8 cm long and 4-5 cm high. Because of the placement of the first raised strips 12, 1 second cross arm 11 with the length of 6-8 cm and the height of 3-3.5 cm is arranged outside the bottom end of one of the L-shaped prismatic surfaces, an inverted T-shaped structure 13 is formed, and the first raised strips 12 are positioned above the center of the second cross arm 11. The outer frame mechanism 17 and the convex strips and grooves on the outer edge are made by adding common concrete into a prefabricated mould and naturally solidifying.
As shown in FIG. 3, the inner edge of the side wall of the outer frame mechanism 17 is provided with a raised sawtooth structure, the sawtooth structure is perpendicular to the inner edge of the side wall, the longitudinal section of the sawtooth is an equilateral triangle of 1-1.5 cm, and the interval between the upper row of saw teeth and the lower row of saw teeth is 1-1.5 cm. The saw tooth structure can enable the central columnar body structure to be better wedged with the outer frame, so that the stability and the firmness of the building block are enhanced.
The vegetation type water purification concrete block shore protection adopts the modularized laying of the blocks, realizes the modularized application of grass planting ecological concrete, enables the whole block to be similar to the scale production of turf, directly lays the ecological concrete block growing with robust plants on a bank slope of a water body, adopts the ecological concrete with small holes on the upper layer and the plant stems and leaves with luxuriant growth, and has the advantages that the solid pollutants in the water body and the large holes on the lower layer are trapped, so that a larger growth space is provided for plant root systems, and the strength, the durability and the water purification effect of the concrete can be enhanced by adding agricultural waste incineration ash and carbon fiber into the ecological concrete. The building block integrates strength, durability and purification, has the advantages of environmental friendliness, rapidness and convenience in installation and the like, can achieve greening effect of the whole revetment in a short time, and has high popularization and application values.
Example 2
The application also provides a construction method of the vegetation type water purification concrete block revetment, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of manufacturing a structural member of a building block 2, pouring common concrete slurry into a prefabricated outer-layer frame mechanism die, uniformly mixing coarse aggregate with the grain size of 20-30 mm, silicate cement and auxiliary adhesive according to the water-cement ratio of 0.32-0.34, pouring the mixture into the outer frame which is horizontally placed after uniformly mixing the coarse aggregate with the grain size of 10-13 mm, silicate cement and auxiliary adhesive according to the water-cement ratio of 0.37-0.40, uniformly mixing the mixture with water, covering the mixture above the second ecological concrete layer 5 by 2-3 cm to form a first ecological concrete layer 4, and drying the mixture to obtain the structural member of the building block 2, wherein the outer side length of the outer-layer frame mechanism in the die is 50-60 cm, and the edge thickness of the square frame is 6-8 cm.
Adding plant growth-suitable materials and plant seeds into pores of concrete, wherein the addition of the plant growth-suitable materials is divided into two times, firstly uniformly mixing the plant seeds and the plant growth-suitable materials with water to form slurry, then pouring the slurry from the bottom of the building block 2 until slurry mixed liquid seeps out from the top of the building block 2, secondly mixing the plant growth-suitable materials with water, and then pouring the slurry mixed liquid from the bottom of the building block 2 until the building block is full of the slurry mixed liquid; and after the plant seeds root and sprout, carrying the building blocks 2 to the revetment side slope 1 for paving after the number of leaves of most plants is more than 4.
Wherein, the suitable material is formed by local soil: peat soil: humus: organic fertilizer: compound fertilizer: the water-retaining agent is prepared according to the following steps (500-700): (100-200): (50-150): (20-25): (0.3-0.6): (2-4) by mass ratio. When the proper material is added, in the first addition, the mass ratio of the plant seeds to water after being uniformly mixed with the proper material is 1: (1-2.5), the slurry is allowed to reach the upper end of the building block 2 as much as possible so as to ensure that the seeds of the plants are as close to the top end of the building block 2 as possible, and the buds of the plants penetrate through the surface layer of the ecological concrete to carry out photosynthesis. In the second addition, the mass ratio of the suitable material to the water is 1: (1-2.5).
The method comprises the steps of removing protruding or loose stones, fallen leaves, branches, weeds and plant rhizomes on a slope surface, leveling a revetment slope 1, paving a layer of degradable non-woven fabric on the slope surface for preventing water and soil loss and soil particles from entering the blocks to block the holes because the holes of the revetment of the vegetation type ecological concrete blocks are larger, paving broken stone with the thickness of 5-10 mm on the slope surface to form a reverse filtering layer and play a role in reverse filtering, and paving the blocks 2.
The building blocks 2 are paved from the slope bottom to the slope top, and the inverted T-shaped structures 13 and the inverted L-shaped structures 7 of the adjacent building blocks 2 and the convex strip structures and the groove structures are mutually wedged and spliced to form a whole.
The building blocks 2 are paved from the slope bottom to the slope top. The gabion or the bottom protection retaining wall is pre-established at the bottom of the revetment slope 1, the paving of the building blocks 2 can be carried out by adhering to the retaining wall, and the direction from the slope bottom to the slope top is respectively a second raised line 8, a central column body mechanism 18, a second groove 14 and a first raised line 12 when the building blocks 2 are placed on the revetment slope 1. When the building blocks 2 are paved, the second raised strips 8 of one building block 2 are inserted into the second grooves 14 from the upper part of the other building block 2, and the first raised strips 12 and the first grooves 9 are wedged with each other when approaching to the bottom, so that the installation of the two building blocks 2 is completed, then the third raised strips 16 of the third building block 2 are transversely inserted into the third grooves 15, and the like, so that the paving of the revetment is completed, and then the building blocks form an integral structure, and damage to plants is avoided in the installation process.
After the paving of the building block 2 is completed, the plants in the building block 2 are subjected to fine maintenance management, and after the plants grow vigorously, the plants are subjected to conventional maintenance management.
The vegetation type water purification concrete block shore protection adopts the modularized laying of the blocks, realizes the modularized application of grass planting ecological concrete, enables the whole block to be similar to the scale production of turf, directly lays the ecological concrete block growing with robust plants on a bank slope of a water body, adopts the ecological concrete with small holes on the upper layer and the plant stems and leaves with luxuriant growth, and has the advantages that the solid pollutants in the water body and the large holes on the lower layer are trapped, so that a larger growth space is provided for plant root systems, and the strength, the durability and the water purification effect of the concrete can be enhanced by adding agricultural waste incineration ash and carbon fiber into the ecological concrete. The building block integrates strength, durability and purification, has the advantages of environmental friendliness, rapidness and convenience in installation and the like, can achieve greening effect of the whole revetment in a short time, and has high popularization and application values.
Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only for illustrating the technical scheme of the present application and are not limiting; while the application has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that: modifications may be made to the specific embodiments of the present application or equivalents may be substituted for part of the technical features thereof; without departing from the spirit of the application, it is intended to cover the scope of the application as claimed.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a vegetation formula water purification concrete block shore protection which characterized in that: the water purification concrete block shore protection comprises blocks (2) which are wedged and spliced with each other and paved on a shore protection side slope (1), the blocks (2) are of a regular prism-shaped three-dimensional structure with a horizontal bottom end and a hemispherical upper end, the blocks (2) sequentially comprise a central column body mechanism (18) and an outer layer frame mechanism (17) from the center to the edge, the lower part of the central column body mechanism (18) is wrapped and fixed by the outer layer frame mechanism (17), the lower part of the central column body mechanism (18) is of a prism body and the upper part is of a hemispherical structure, the central column body mechanism (18) comprises a first ecological concrete layer (4) of a top layer, a second ecological concrete layer (5) arranged below the first ecological concrete layer (4), plant seeds and a proper material are filled in the first ecological concrete layer (4) and the second ecological concrete layer (5), the lower part of the central column body mechanism (18) is of an integral structure, the upper layer frame mechanism (17) is of an inverse groove type structure, the upper end of the upper layer frame mechanism (17) is of an inverse groove type (7) and the lower side face structure are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the upper layer (17), the inverted T-shaped structure (13) and the inverted L-shaped structure (7) of the adjacent building blocks (2) are mutually wedged and spliced with the raised line structure and the groove structure;
the central column body mechanism (18) is made of coarse aggregate and binder; the binder comprises a main binder and an auxiliary binder; the main binder is Portland cement with the strength grade being more than or equal to 42.5; the auxiliary binder comprises 5% -10%, 0.5% -1.2% and 2% -4% of calcined ash of crops, carbon fiber and water reducer, wherein the mass of the calcined ash is equal to that of the silicate cement.
2. The block revetment according to claim 1, wherein: the first ecological concrete layer (4) is of a hemispherical structure with the thickness of 2-3 cm, the grain size of coarse aggregate in the first ecological concrete layer (4) is 10-13 mm, the water cement ratio is 0.37-0.40, and the porosity is 18% -22%.
3. The block revetment according to claim 1, wherein: the lower part of the second ecological concrete layer (5) is in a quadrangular prism structure, the upper end of the second ecological concrete layer is in a hemispherical structure, the overall height of the second ecological concrete layer is 13-17 cm, the grain size of coarse aggregate in the second ecological concrete layer (5) is 20-30 mm, the water-cement ratio is 0.32-0.34, and the porosity is 25% -30%.
4. The block revetment according to claim 1, wherein: the whole outer frame mechanism is of a square frame three-dimensional common concrete structure, the outer side length of the outer frame mechanism is 50-60 cm, the edge thickness of the square frame is 6-8 cm, and the height of the square frame is 10-13 cm.
5. The block revetment according to claim 4, wherein: the coarse aggregate is acid rock and at least comprises potassium feldspar or granite amphibole.
6. The block revetment according to claim 1, wherein: the length of the carbon fiber is 4-15 mm, and the diameter is 18-20 mu m.
7. The block revetment according to claim 1, wherein: the adaptive material is prepared from local soil: peat soil: humus: organic fertilizer: compound fertilizer: the water-retaining agent is prepared according to the following steps (500-700): (100-200): (50-150): (20-25): (0.3-0.6): (2-4) by mass ratio.
8. A construction method of a vegetation type water purification concrete block revetment is characterized by comprising the following steps: the construction method comprises the following steps:
A. -making a structural part of a block (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 7; pouring ordinary concrete slurry into a prefabricated outer frame mechanism die, after hardening, uniformly mixing coarse aggregate with the particle size of 20-30 mm, silicate cement and auxiliary adhesive, adding water according to the water cement ratio of 0.32-0.34, uniformly stirring, pouring into a horizontally placed outer frame to form a second ecological concrete layer (5), uniformly mixing coarse aggregate with the particle size of 10-13 mm, silicate cement and auxiliary adhesive, uniformly stirring with water according to the water cement ratio of 0.37-0.40, covering 2-3 cm above the second ecological concrete layer (5), forming a first ecological concrete layer (4), and drying to prepare a structural member of the building block (2);
B. adding plant growth-suitable materials and plant seeds into pores of concrete, wherein the addition of the plant growth-suitable materials is divided into two times, firstly uniformly mixing the plant seeds with the plant growth-suitable materials, uniformly stirring with water to form slurry, then pouring the slurry from the bottom of the building block (2) until slurry mixed liquid seeps out from the top of the building block (2), secondly mixing the plant growth-suitable materials with the water, and then pouring the slurry mixed liquid from the bottom of the building block (2) until the slurry mixed liquid fills the building block (2); after the plant seeds root and sprout, carrying building blocks (2) to a revetment side slope (1) for paving after the number of leaves of most plants is more than 4;
C. removing sundries, leveling a revetment slope (1), paving building blocks (2) after paving a reverse filtering layer on the revetment slope (1), paving the building blocks (2) from the slope bottom to the slope top, and mutually wedging and splicing an inverted T-shaped structure (13) and a reverse L-shaped structure (7) of each adjacent building block (2) and a convex strip structure and a groove structure to form a whole;
D. after the paving of the building blocks (2) is finished, the plants in the building blocks (2) are subjected to fine maintenance management, and after the plants grow vigorously, the conventional maintenance management is performed.
9. The method of construction according to claim 8, wherein: in the step B, when the proper material is added, in the first addition, the mass ratio of the plant seeds to the proper material after being uniformly mixed with water is 1: (1-2.5); in the second addition, the mass ratio of the suitable material to the water is 1: (1-2.5); the reverse filtering layer is composed of non-woven fabrics at the lower part and crushed stone with the upper part thickness of 5-10 mm.
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| CN107858888A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-03-30 | 四川大学 | A kind of hollow layer-stepping lightweight shell concrete plants raw component and its construction method |
| CN111087080B (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2022-06-03 | 南京大学盐城环保技术与工程研究院 | Efficient phosphorus removal ecological ditch aiming at farmland non-point source pollution and paving method thereof |
| CN113029914B (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2021-12-03 | 合肥泛远检测仪器有限公司 | Perpendicular permeameter of geotechnique's cloth |
| CN114223427B (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2023-12-08 | 禹智环保科技（深圳）有限公司 | Prefabricated water-retaining plant-growing water-permeable concrete and preparation method thereof |
| CN116040992A (en) * | 2022-12-14 | 2023-05-02 | 衢州学院 | Planting concrete and preparation and construction method thereof |
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