CN106223265B - A kind of substrate for windward side embankment improves and ecological restoring method - Google Patents
A kind of substrate for windward side embankment improves and ecological restoring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106223265B CN106223265B CN201610704715.4A CN201610704715A CN106223265B CN 106223265 B CN106223265 B CN 106223265B CN 201610704715 A CN201610704715 A CN 201610704715A CN 106223265 B CN106223265 B CN 106223265B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
- E02B3/122—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips
- E02B3/123—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips mainly consisting of stone, concrete or similar stony material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of substrate improvement for windward side embankment and ecological restoring method, its step：A, regional choice；B, the smooth compacting in face is broken；C, eco-concrete is built, and river sand, rubble, cement, water, admixture and chemical addition agent are stirred structure in proportion；D, prepared by improved soil, and red soil is mixed into mineral and chip；E, the following substrate improvement of ordinary water level and restoration of the ecosystem, lay eco-concrete component；F, substrate improvement and restoration of the ecosystem between ordinary water level and flood level, lays cast-in-place eco-concrete；G, the improvement of flood level above substrate and restoration of the ecosystem, lay stone；Soil is implanted into concrete hole and stone gap and plants vegetation；H, embankment bottom substrate improves and restoration of the ecosystem, laying sandy loam simultaneously plant vegetation；I, maintenance and management.Easy to operate, investment is low with operational management cost, realizes the multiple effects such as firm embankment, Afforestation Landscape, retention pollution, has important environment, social and economic benefit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ecological restoration of lakes field, and being more particularly to a kind of substrate for windward side embankment improves and life
The method of state reparation, it is adapted to the substrate improvement and restoration of the ecosystem in lake, river, reservoir, pond Deng Ju windward sides embankment.
Background technology
Domestic to build hard embankment tool windward side or the larger scouring capability of tool the water body water front, the purpose is to prevent more
The effect of stormy waves causes the soil matrix inside embankment to suffer erosion, washes in a pan empty or even collapse, it is ensured that the steadiness of embankment.However,
Hard embankment is not easy the growth of vegetation and the breeding of meiofauna, and so as to cause vegetation rare, species diversity is relatively low, ecosystem
System is fragile, and ecoscape effect is poor, almost nil to flowing through the buffer capacity of pollutant of embankment, so as to influence shore bank band water body
Water quality and the ecosystem.The total development trend of embankment is to be combined engineering protection and vegetation repair, wherein for slopes table
Face local buckling, the side slope collapsed, easily washed away easily is slipped, typically all using three-dimensional earthwork, GSZ, geonet, geotechnical grid
It is combined with the engineering measure such as mortar flag stone sash skeleton and vegetative protection.For deep layer unstability, the side slope to come down is easily produced,
Framework is then formed using armored concrete, is combined with the engineering measure of anchor pole or anchor cable reinforcing side slope with slope vegetation protection, but dike
Contradiction often be present in the steadiness and phytoremediation of bank.The new embankment to be grown up at present using eco-concrete as important carrier
Technology is able to extensive use, the advantage is that possessing wind wave prevention washes in a pan erosion, high water-permeability and porosity, high-stability, plant natural disposition, be easy
, can be while embankment to be stablized in forming microbial film, being easy to plant root system development growth etc., the growth again beneficial to vegetation is numerous
Grow.
The content of the invention
The present invention seeks to be the provision of a kind of side of substrate improvement and restoration of the ecosystem for water body windward side embankment
Method, improvement is optimized to traditional eco-concrete formula, it is cast-in-place with the respective advantage of module to give full play to eco-concrete,
So as to largely improve the materialization of eco-concrete with planting natural disposition energy.Simultaneously to the base in eco-concrete hole or module
Matter is improved, screening organic matter activity is high and adsorption site more than original position soil and can effectively absorb phosphorus and root system or residuum have
Help the indigenous vegetation pattern of denitrification.On this basis, take into account between eco-concrete, original position soil, vegetation three
Correlation, by three's reasonably optimizing combine and be applied to windward side embankment difference height of water level break face Ecological Restoration Project
In, fully demonstrate the features such as planting natural disposition, steadiness, landscape, harmony.This method, which is applied to windward side embankment, can both consolidate dike
Bank, embankment being afforested again, and effectively intercepting nutrition, construction costs and maintenance cost are low, have important application value.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention uses following technical scheme：
A kind of substrate for windward side embankment improves and ecological restoring method, its step are：
1st, regional choice.Engineering construction region should select stormy waves larger（4-6 level wind）Or wash away stronger embankment（Lake,
Reservoir, river etc.）, embankment nearby possess engineering construction condition：The embankment gradient possesses work car between 15-55 degree（Stirring
Car, transport vehicle etc.）Active workings and road (generally can)；
2nd, the smooth compacting in face is broken.It is domatic to repair embankment, reaches smooth purpose, while compacting is carried out to embankment soil and is added
Gu, it is ensured that soil breaks face and consolidated, and the embankment gradient is with 1:2-1:1 is preferred；
3rd, eco-concrete is built.Mixing match, each composition and proportioning are carried out according to each component ratio in eco-concrete
Ratio is：River sand 300-350kg, particle diameter be 10-20mm rubble 900-1000kg, cement（P.O42.5R）180-200kg, water
40-50L, admixture 45-50kg, from flyash and slag etc., chemical addition agent 30-35kg, from polymerized emulsion, lignin
Sulfonate, molasses etc..River sand, rubble, cement, water, admixture, chemical addition agent etc. are stirred and evenly mixed into rear part（Specific ratio
Depending on eco-concrete component and cast-in-place eco-concrete institute expense）It is added in the spherical prefabricated section of eco-concrete,
It is attached after ball forming with the reinforcing bars of Φ 18, length about 98-102mm square hole is formed between spheroid, treats ecological concrete setting
After remove prefabricated section, naturally dry conserves more than 30 days, less than 50 days, formation eco-concrete component.Part（Specifically
Ratio is depending on eco-concrete component and cast-in-place eco-concrete institute expense）The eco-concrete stirred and evenly mixed continues to employ system
Make cast-in-place eco-concrete；
4th, prepared by improved soil.Local original position soil, such as red soil, brown-red soil, yellow earth are screened, and original position soil is carried out
Improvement, addition are a small amount of（Soil is with ore quality ratio:10-30：1）Natural crystal（Based on iron content, manganese, aluminium, calcium etc.）, such as side
Xie Shi, ferrimanganic particle, zeolite, kaolin etc., while add a small amount of（Soil is with chip mass ratio:50-150：1）Organic debris
（Based on plant refuse）, such as stalk chip, wood chip, peanut shell, bagasse, by original position soil, natural minerals and chip
Example in mass ratio（100-150：5-10:1-2）Mix stand-by；
5th, below ordinary water level（0.8-1.0m）Substrate improves and restoration of the ecosystem.In the following water bottom laying ecology of ordinary water level
Concrete component, length 1-3m, before laying, improved soil need to be implanted in eco-concrete component, and insert water conservation
Agent, buffer, organic fertilizer and trace element etc., implantation depth 10-20cm, while vegetation is planted in advance and mixed in ecology
Coagulate in native component, species is that reed, cattail, thaliadeabata, canna be therein a kind of or two to four kinds of any combination etc., waits to plant
It is stable and when root system is connected as a single entity with soil and eco-concrete by growth, re-lay eco-concrete component；In ecological coagulation
The corner of native component and embankment lays large-scale stone, length 0.5-1m, develops the macro that can be grown on rock, such as
Bristle algae, filamentous algae, water silk floss etc.；
Described organic fertilizer be mainly derived from plant and（Or）Animal, it is main as its to provide plant nutrient to impose on soil
The carbonaceous material of function.Through biological substance, animals and plants discarded object, plant residue processing, rich in a large amount of benefit materials, not only
Full nutrition can be provided for crops, and fertilizer efficiency is grown, and can increase and update the soil organism, promotes microbial reproduction, improves
The physicochemical property and bioactivity of soil, are the Main Nutrients of pollution-free food production, and main source is human and animal excreta, stalk, moved
Thing residuum, field waste etc. is butchered, species includes cake fertilizer（Rape cake, cottonseed cake, soya-bean cake, sesame-send cake, castor cake, tea seed cake
Deng）, compost, make compost, barnyard manure, natural pond fertilizer, green manure etc..
Described trace element is relative Main elements（Such as N P and K）Come what is divided, mainly including iron, boron, arsenic, manganese,
The elements such as copper, cobalt, molybdenum, zinc, source are mainly trace-element fertilizer, such as boron fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, copper fertilizer, manganese fertilizer, iron fertilizer or composite fertilizer.
Described water-loss reducer is super absorbent resin, and it is a kind of especially strong functional high molecule material of water absorbing capacity.Nothing
Poison is harmless, releases water, water suction repeatedly, therefore agriculturally people liken it " miniature reservoir " to.Meanwhile it can also absorb fertilizer,
Agricultural chemicals simultaneously slowly discharges, increase fertilizer efficiency, drug effect.Super absorbent resin is widely used in agricultural, forestry, gardening, construction material；
Industrial aspect can be widely applied to petrochemical industry, cable, papermaking, sensor, fire extinguishing appliance, fibre, cosmetics, food guarantor
Fresh, expansion toy etc..
Described buffer can be used to control under high-temperature high-pressure state, or under normal temperature and pressure, gas or liquid fugacity
Solid compositions, it can be that solid-state can also be liquid.Buffer in Chemical Engineering is frequently referred to ph stability agent, and one
As be salt, such as strong acid weak base or weak acid strong alkali salt class, the acid in salt or alkali are gradually disengaged in reaction or preservation to keep steady
Fixed pH-value.
6th, ordinary water level（0.8-1.0m）With flood level（3.8-4.0m）Between substrate improve and restoration of the ecosystem.Ordinary water level with
Cast-in-place eco-concrete is laid between flood level, length 3-5m, leaves or manufacture hole when eco-concrete is cast-in-place, will be changed
Good soil and water-loss reducer, buffer, organic fertilizer, trace element, vegetation seed are implanted in the hole of cast-in-place eco-concrete,
Implantation depth is 10-20cm, and vegetation type has reed, cattail, Bermuda grass, horse lotus flower one kind therein or any combination etc.；
7th, the improvement of flood level above substrate and restoration of the ecosystem.More than flood level lay stone-laying stone, length 4-10m, stone
Block gap is implanted into improved soil, organic fertilizer, trace element, vegetation seed etc., and vegetation type has matrimony vine, honeysuckle, evergreen
Rattan, Lythrum salicaria, bitter fleabane grass, Hemarthria compressa, wormwood, annual bluegrass etc. be therein a kind of or two to eight kinds of any combination；
8th, the improvement of embankment bottom substrate and restoration of the ecosystem.Local sandy loam two is laid on the basis of original soil at the top of embankment
Section, length 1-3m, lays granular-type road, length 1-2m between sandy loam.Winter jasmine, cockscomb, yellow Chang are planted on sandy loam
Pu, chrysanthemum indicum etc. be therein a kind of or the ornamental flower of two to four kinds of any combination, while in granular-type road planted on two sides willow
Tree, white poplar, metasequoia etc. have the plant of happiness water characteristic；
9th, maintenance and management.Take certain maintenance management measure：1）Inspect periodically（Monthly）Safeguard that embankment breaks face
Steadiness；2）Periodically（Once a year）The structural intergrity of Inspection and maintenance eco-concrete, see whether to ftracture or broken
Situation；3）Periodically（Once a year）Whether the soil in maintenance module or hole, observation soil have missing；4）Periodically（Monthly one
It is secondary）Maintenance management vegetation, the destruction of guard key insect and human factor to vegetation.After vegetation is become feeble and die, harvesting is arranged to remove
Deng.
The implementation of this method is expected to reach solid and reliable windward side bank structure, vegetation coverage and diversity height, pollution
The multipurposes such as interdiction capability is strong, landscape effect is good, realize windward side embankment plant natural disposition, steadiness, landscape, harmony it is complete
U.S. is unified, and construction investment is low, is easy to implement, and operation expense can almost be disregarded, and have important application prospect.The party
Method is applied on Chaohu Country Garden Residential Quarter and little Zhe Gao He embankment, and bank structure consolidates at present, is not occurred breakage and is caved in
Situations such as, eco-concrete structural integrity, dependable performance, up to more than 90%, biodiversity index improves vegetation coverage
50%.
The present invention has the advantage that compared with the prior art and effect：
1st, eco-concrete physical and chemical performance is increased dramatically.The eco-concrete is by low alkalinity cement, coarse aggregate, guarantor
Water material etc. is made according to special process, has good continuous permeable breathable, it is ensured that aqueous vapor circulates.Its structure it is porous
Property ensure excellent drainage permeable performance, plant natural disposition energy and the performance that purifies water, being advantageous to root system of plant with reference to its low alkalinity has
Effect growth is shuttled in the space of eco-concrete.Although slightly poor compared to its hardness of normal concrete and intensity, this does not influence
Steadiness of the eco-concrete in windward side.The durability of the eco-concrete has been confirmed, does not find disrepair phenomenon so far.
Meanwhile the permeable breathable of the eco-concrete and the fertile of improved soil make microorganism, aufwuch, microbial film and small
Animal is lived in its rough surface or continuous gap or in soil, maintains diversity of organism, is had significant
Ecological effect；
2nd, eco-concrete pollution intercepts function and emerged from.Eco-concrete has less aperture and larger ratio surface
Product, therefore there is good filtering and adsorption function, the rainwater flowed through is purified.Can be with the hydrogen of dissolution in eco-concrete
Calcium oxide, aluminium hydroxide etc. are a kind of inorganic coagulants, are precipitated after can making the de- steady rear flocculation of the colloidal substance in water.It is raw
The loose structure of state concrete provides the living environment suitable for microorganism growth, has substantial amounts of bacterium to dwell on its surface and inside
Breath procreation, including the aerobic such as nitrifier, methane backeria, denitrifier and Anaerobic Bacteria, contribute to the interception and removal of nutrition；
3rd, original position soil improvement, which is substantially improved, plants natural disposition and pollution interdiction capability.Original position soil screen inorganic phosphorus composition it is low and
The higher red soil of organic matter, brown-red soil, yellow earth etc., and it is aided with natural adsorption ore and natural organic debris, this had both reduced inorganic
Phosphorus enters the possibility of water body, increases phosphorus adsorption site and validity again, while strengthens the ability of denitrification denitrogenation, reaches maximum
Degree intercepts the effect that nutrition enters lake；
4th, the feature that the prominent original inhabitants of vegetation screening and nutrition are cut down.In the screening of vegetation, based on indigenous vegetation, take into account
Function with strong nutrient absorption and denitrification denitrogenation, embody original position, landscape effect, nutrition reduction and other effects；
5th, the complex optimum application of a variety of different field technologies.This method is integrated with substrate improving environment, eco-concrete
Technology, technology for recovering vegetation etc. are cut down in technology, substrate nutrition, give full play to the steadiness of eco-concrete and permeable breathable,
The plant natural disposition of substrate cuts down technology, the water purification technology of vegetation, efficient coupling eco-concrete-original position soil-plant with nutrition
By the relation between three kinds, reach the firm multiple effect planted raw and nutrition and cut down；
6th, eco-concrete improved-original position soil improvement-revegetation integrated technology is applied to stormy waves first and be larger
In embankment.The existing more report of the application of eco-concrete bulkhead tech at home and abroad, but be mostly for highway, hill slope,
The less region of the stormy waves such as river, seldom it is applied in the larger embankment of stormy waves.Fully windward side embankment stormy waves of the invention is larger
The characteristics of erosion is serious is washed in a pan, improved treatment is carried out to traditional eco-concrete performance, it is possessed wind wave prevention and washes in a pan erosion, high water-permeability
With porosity, high-stability, plant many performances such as natural disposition, while take into full account eco-concrete, original position soil, vegetation three it
Between relation optimize combination application；
7th, the present invention is in Chaohu Country Garden Residential Quarter（Superannuated ship is grown to Wang family's mouth）Applied with little Zhe Gao He embankment, at present
Indices operational excellence and stably, bank structure consolidates, and does not occur situations such as breakage is caved in, eco-concrete structural integrity,
Dependable performance, for vegetation coverage up to more than 90%, biodiversity index improves 50%.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that a kind of substrate for windward side embankment improves and ecological restoring method schematic diagram.
Wherein：Vegetation in 1- eco-concrete components, 2- eco-concrete components, the large-scale stones of 3-, on the large-scale stones of 4-
Adhere to vegetation, the cast-in-place eco-concretes of 5-, vegetation, 7- stone-layings stone, 8- stone-layings stone seam in the cast-in-place eco-concrete holes of 6-
Vegetation in gap, 9- sandy loams, vegetation on 10- sandy loams, 11- sandy loams, vegetation, 13- granular-type roads on 12- sandy loams.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
1 couple of present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
A kind of substrate for windward side embankment improves and ecological restoring method, its step are：
1st, regional choice.Engineering construction region should select stormy waves larger or wash away stronger embankment（Lake, reservoir, river
Deng）, embankment nearby possess engineering construction condition：The embankment gradient 15 or 20 or 25 or 30 or 35 or 40 or 45 or 50 or 55 degree it
Between, possess work car（Trucd mixer, transport vehicle etc.）Active workings and road；
2nd, the smooth compacting in face is broken.It is domatic to repair embankment, reaches smooth purpose, while compacting is carried out to embankment soil and is added
Gu, it is ensured that soil breaks face and consolidated, and the embankment gradient is with 1:2-1:1 is preferred；
3rd, eco-concrete is built.Mixing match, each composition and proportioning are carried out according to each component ratio in eco-concrete
Ratio is：River sand 300 or 310 or 320 or 330 or 340 or 350kg, particle diameter are 10 or 13 or 15 or 18 or 20mm rubble 900
Or 940 or 980 or 1000kg, cement（P.O42.5R）180 or 185 or 190 or 195 or 200kg, water 40 or 45 or 50L, blend
Agent 45 or 48 or 50kg, based on flyash and slag, to improve the intensity of eco-concrete and reduce basicity in hole.Change
Additive 30 or 33 or 35kg are learned, from the polymerized emulsion with efficient diminishing and increasing stick toughening effect, lignosulfonates, sugar
Honey etc., to improve the gelatinization results of cementing material.River sand, rubble, cement, water, admixture, chemical addition agent etc. are stirred and evenly mixed
Part afterwards（Specific ratio is depending on eco-concrete component and cast-in-place eco-concrete institute expense）It is added to ecological coagulation
In soil ball shape prefabricated section, single mm of bulb diameter 250, the through hole of three-dimensional is reserved in ball, uses the reinforcing bars of Φ 18 after ball forming（Need
Anti-corrosion processing）It is attached, length about 98 or 100 or 102 mm square hole is formed between spheroid, treats ecological concrete setting
After remove prefabricated section, naturally dry conserves more than 30 days, less than 50 days, formation eco-concrete component 1.It is ecological after maintenance
Concrete crushing strength is up to 15 or 20 or 25 or 30 MPa, and up to 20 or 24 or 28 or 30%, coefficient of permeability reaches porosity
1.5 or 2 or 2.4 or 2.7 or 3.0 cm/s, there is good water penetration and gas permeability.The addition of admixture makes eco-concrete
Internal pH value is low alkalinity ecological concrete between 8 or 9 or 10.Part（Specific ratio according to eco-concrete component and
Depending on cast-in-place eco-concrete institute expense）The eco-concrete stirred and evenly mixed, which is continued to employ, makes cast-in-place eco-concrete 5；
4th, prepared by improved soil.Screen that local organic matter activity is high and adsorption site more than original position soil, such as red soil, reddish brown
Earth, yellow earth etc., and original position soil is improved, addition is a small amount of（Soil is with ore quality ratio:10 or 15 or 20 or 25 or
30：1）Natural crystal, such as calcite, ferrimanganic particle, zeolite, kaolin, while add a small amount of（Soil and chip mass ratio
For:50 or 70 or 90 or 110 or 130 or 150：1）Organic debris, such as stalk chip, wood chip, peanut shell, bagasse are therein
A kind of or two to four kinds of any combination, by original position soil, natural minerals and chip example in mass ratio（100-150：5-10:1-
2）Mix stand-by；
5th, ordinary water level（0.8-1.0m）Following substrate improves and restoration of the ecosystem.Lay and give birth in ordinary water level water bottom below 14
State concrete component 1, length is 1 or 1.5 or 2 or 2.6 or 3m, before laying, improved soil need to be implanted into eco-concrete
In component, and water-loss reducer, buffer, organic fertilizer and trace element etc. are inserted, implantation depth is 10 or 15 or 20cm, simultaneously
Vegetation 2 is planted in eco-concrete component in advance, the species of vegetation 2 is that reed, cattail, thaliadeabata, canna etc. are therein
A kind of or two to four kinds of any combination, it is stable when vegetation growth and when root system is connected as a single entity with soil and eco-concrete, then
Eco-concrete component 1 is laid, water-bed concrete component can effectively prevent impact of the stormy waves to water bottom, treat ecological coagulation
Biomembrane is formed on soil can purify to the pollutant in water body afterwards, while the loose structure of eco-concrete can be to swim
The aquatic animals such as animal provide suitable living environment and living space；Spread in the corner of eco-concrete component 1 and embankment
If large-scale stone 3, length 0.5-1m, main function is that the matrix for preventing upper strata slides, and the selection of vegetation 4 at this can be in rock
The macro of upper growth, such as bristle algae；
6th, ordinary water level（0.8-1.0m）With flood level（3.8-4.0m）Between substrate improve and restoration of the ecosystem.In ordinary water level 14
Cast-in-place eco-concrete 5 is laid between flood level 15, length is 3 or 3.5 or 4 or 4.6 or 5m（According to SEA LEVEL VARIATION）, in life
Hole is left or manufactured during state concrete cast-in-situ, by improved soil and water-loss reducer, buffer, organic fertilizer, trace element, vegetation
Seed is implanted in the hole of cast-in-place eco-concrete 5, and implantation depth is 10 or 15 or 20cm, and the species of vegetation 6 is from bottom to top
Selection has reed, cattail, Bermuda grass, horse lotus flower etc. therein a kind of or two to four kinds of any combination；
7th, the improvement of flood level above substrate and restoration of the ecosystem.Flood level more than 15 lays stone-laying stone 7, length be 4 or 5 or
6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10m（According to embankment length）, stone gap is implanted into improved soil, organic fertilizer, trace element, vegetation kind
Son etc., the species of vegetation 8 have matrimony vine, honeysuckle, ivy, Lythrum salicaria, bitter fleabane grass, Hemarthria compressa, wormwood, annual bluegrass etc. therein one
Kind or two to eight kinds of any combination, grass, which fills, to be combined；
8th, the improvement of embankment bottom substrate and restoration of the ecosystem.Local sandy loam 9 is laid on the basis of original soil at the top of embankment
With sandy loam 11, length is respectively 2 or 2.5 or 3m and 1 or 1.5 or 2m, and granular-type road 10 is laid between sandy loam 9 and sandy loam 11,
Length is 1 or 1.5 or 2m.Vegetation 10 and vegetation 12 are planted on sandy loam, species is winter jasmine, cockscomb, yellow flag, chrysanthemum indicum etc.
Therein a kind of or two to four kinds of any combination ornamental flower, while in the planted on two sides willow of granular-type road 13, white poplar, metasequoia
Deng the plant with happiness water characteristic, consolidating sandy loam particle by their flourishing root systems increases the stability of embankment；
9th, maintenance and management.Take certain maintenance management measure：1）Inspect periodically（Monthly）Safeguard that embankment breaks face
Steadiness；2）Periodically（Once a year）The structural intergrity of Inspection and maintenance eco-concrete, see whether to ftracture or broken
Situation, if pinpointing the problems, change in time；3）Periodically（Once a year）Soil in maintenance module or hole, whether observation soil
There is missing, if lack moisture or nutrition etc., if pinpointing the problems, supplement in time；4）Periodically（Monthly）Maintenance management vegetation,
Destruction of the guard key insect to vegetation, in the insect pest multiple phase, periodically go and buy Chinese medicine（Bravo, Mancozeb, triadimefon, phoxim baythion
Deng）Insect-pest.Avoid destruction and damage of the extraneous human factor to vegetation simultaneously.After vegetation is become feeble and die, harvesting removal etc. is arranged.
The implementation of this method is expected to solve the problems, such as that windward side embankment easily collapses and species diversity is poor, reaches windward side
The multipurposes such as bank structure is solid and reliable, vegetation coverage and diversity are high, pollution interdiction capability is strong, landscape effect is good, it is real
Existing windward side embankment plants natural disposition, steadiness, landscape, the perfect unity of harmony, and construction investment is low, is easy to implement, operation
Maintenance cost can almost be disregarded, and have important application prospect.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of substrate for windward side embankment improves and ecological restoring method, its step are：
A, regional choice：Engineering construction region should select stormy waves 4-6 levels wind or the embankment washed away, and embankment nearby possesses engineering reality
Condition is applied, the embankment gradient possesses work car Active workings and road between 15-55 degree；
B, slope leveling is compacted：It is domatic to repair embankment, reaches smooth, while ground compacting is carried out to embankment soil, it is ensured that soil
Domatic firm, the embankment gradient is 1:2-1:1；
C, eco-concrete is built：Mixing match, each composition and ratio are carried out according to each component ratio in eco-concrete
For：River sand 300-350kg, particle diameter be 10-20mm rubble 900-1000kg, cement 180-200kg, water 40-50L, admixture
45-50kg, from flyash and slag, chemical addition agent 30-35kg, will from polymerized emulsion, lignosulfonates, molasses
River sand, rubble, cement, water, admixture, chemical addition agent are added to after stirring and evenly mixing in the spherical prefabricated section of eco-concrete, ball
It is attached after shaping with the reinforcing bars of Φ 18, length 98-102mm square hole is formed between spheroid, is torn open after ecological concrete setting
Except prefabricated section, naturally dry, conserve more than 30 days, less than 50 days, form eco-concrete component, the ecology stirred and evenly mixed
Concrete, which is continued to employ, makes cast-in-place eco-concrete；
D, prepared by improved soil：Screen original position soil：Red soil, brown-red soil, yellow earth, and original position soil is improved, add day
Right ore：Calcite, ferrimanganic particle, zeolite, kaolin, simultaneously added with machine chip：Stalk chip, wood chip, peanut shell, sugarcane
Slag, by original position soil, natural minerals and chip example 100-150 in mass ratio：5-10:1-2 is mixed；
E, the following substrate improvement of ordinary water level and restoration of the ecosystem：It is long in the following water bottom laying eco-concrete component of ordinary water level
Spend for 1-3m, before laying, improved soil is implanted in eco-concrete component, and insert water-loss reducer, buffer, organic fertilizer
Material and trace element, implantation depth 10-20cm, while vegetation is planted in eco-concrete component in advance, species is
Reed, cattail, thaliadeabata, canna be therein a kind of or two to four kinds of any combination, treat that vegetation growth is stable and root system with
Soil and eco-concrete are connected as a single entity, and re-lay eco-concrete component；In eco-concrete component and the corner of embankment
Lay stone, length 0.5-1m；
F, substrate improvement and restoration of the ecosystem between ordinary water level and flood level：It is mixed that cast-in-place ecology is laid between ordinary water level and flood level
Solidifying soil, length 3-5m, leaves or manufactures hole when eco-concrete is cast-in-place, by improved soil and water-loss reducer, buffer, have
Machine fertilizer, trace element, vegetation seed are implanted in the hole of cast-in-place eco-concrete, implantation depth 10-20cm, vegetation kind
Class has reed, cattail, Bermuda grass, horse lotus flower therein a kind of or any combination；
G, the improvement of flood level above substrate and restoration of the ecosystem：More than flood level lay stone-laying stone, length 4-10m, stone seam
Gap is implanted into improved soil, organic fertilizer, trace element, vegetation seed, and vegetation type has matrimony vine, honeysuckle, ivy, thousand to bend
Dish, bitter fleabane grass, Hemarthria compressa, wormwood, annual bluegrass be therein a kind of or two to eight kinds of any combination；
H, the improvement of embankment bottom substrate and restoration of the ecosystem：Two sections of sandy loam, length are laid at the top of embankment on the basis of original soil
For 1-3m, granular-type road is laid between sandy loam, length 1-2m, plant winter jasmine, cockscomb, yellow flag, mother chrysanthemum on sandy loam
Therein a kind of or two to four kinds any combination are spent, in granular-type road planted on two sides willow, white poplar, metasequoia；
I, maintenance and management：Take maintenance management measure：1）Inspect periodically：Monthly, safeguard that embankment breaks the steadiness in face；2）
The structural intergrity of annual Inspection and maintenance eco-concrete, observation cracking or broken situation；3）Annual maintenance module
Or the soil in hole, observation soil missing；4）Monthly maintenance management vegetation, insect and human factor are taken precautions against to vegetation
Destroy, after vegetation is become feeble and die, arrange harvesting to remove.
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| CN107915370A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-04-17 | 浙江海逸环境治理技术有限公司 | A kind of river and lake water environment pollution in-situ remediation method |
| CN107996058A (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2018-05-08 | 合肥郑国生物科技有限公司 | A kind of method for recovering the economic vegetation of protective embankments in lakeside areas ditch pool system ecology |
| CN108252267A (en) * | 2018-01-22 | 2018-07-06 | 河海大学 | Hard concrete canal ecology remodeling method and its ecological hard concrete canal |
| CN108374391A (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2018-08-07 | 北京中科乾和环保科技服务有限公司 | One kind is for river flood plain section LP blades bank protection method |
| CN109168384B (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2021-11-16 | 杭州市园林绿化股份有限公司 | Method for preventing and treating water and soil loss in arid and semi-arid regions by using garden plants |
| CN109328515A (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-02-15 | 湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所 | A kind of south rice soil undisturbed relocation and corresponding restorative procedure |
| CN111188221B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2022-05-06 | 中电建路桥集团有限公司 | Felt mat for improving coastal saline soil, preparation method of felt mat and improvement method of coastal saline soil |
| CN115688636B (en) * | 2022-12-29 | 2023-04-07 | 浙江远算科技有限公司 | Atmospheric environmental pollution remediation simulation method and system based on computational fluid dynamics |
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| KR100525046B1 (en) * | 2003-09-03 | 2005-10-31 | 김갑중 | artificial stone block for protecting the banks |
| KR20070103245A (en) * | 2006-04-18 | 2007-10-23 | 주식회사 케이.씨 리버텍 | Plantation process on the surface of the concrete block installed around the river side |
| CN202202304U (en) * | 2011-08-25 | 2012-04-25 | 中国科学院水生生物研究所 | Step-type ecological bank protection device |
| CN104193126B (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2016-03-16 | 中国科学院水生生物研究所 | A kind of ecological matrix of hardground shallow lake and preparation method and substrate modification method |
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