CN111188221B - Felt mat for improving coastal saline soil, preparation method of felt mat and improvement method of coastal saline soil - Google Patents

Felt mat for improving coastal saline soil, preparation method of felt mat and improvement method of coastal saline soil Download PDF

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CN111188221B
CN111188221B CN201911414849.2A CN201911414849A CN111188221B CN 111188221 B CN111188221 B CN 111188221B CN 201911414849 A CN201911414849 A CN 201911414849A CN 111188221 B CN111188221 B CN 111188221B
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soil
felt
saline soil
improving
coastal saline
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CN111188221A (en
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袁栋栋
王永庆
梁军平
冯象千
朱海涛
肖贺
钟为胜
刘意立
孙江洋
丁倩倩
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PowerChina Roadbridge Group Co Ltd
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PowerChina Roadbridge Group Co Ltd
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
    • D21H13/36—Inorganic fibres or flakes
    • D21H13/38—Inorganic fibres or flakes siliceous
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B77/00—Machines for lifting and treating soil
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
    • C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/02—Material of vegetable origin
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
    • D21H17/67—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments
    • D21H17/68—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments siliceous, e.g. clays
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2107/00—Impermeabilisation

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a felt mat for improving coastal saline soil, a preparation method thereof and a method for improving the coastal saline soil. The felt pad for improving the coastal saline soil comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 100-120 parts of mineral wool fiber, 5-20 parts of wood chips, 5-20 parts of straw and 10-15 parts of zeolite powder. According to the felt mat provided by the invention, through the mutual cooperation of the components, the balance among salt resistance, reverse osmosis resistance and water retention is achieved, and the excellent effects of salt resistance, reverse osmosis resistance and water retention can be realized only by paving the felt mat with a thinner thickness, so that the depth of a soil pit is reduced, the construction amount is reduced, and the felt mat is suitable for a coastal area with a higher underground water level; the material provided by the invention is flaky, can be directly paved at the bottom of a pit, does not need the steps of dumping, paving and compacting the material, avoids the splashing phenomenon of salt-resistant material, has the advantages of convenience in construction and labor cost saving, and is convenient for construction on the side wall of the pit and suitable for implementation of side salt resistance.

Description

Felt mat for improving coastal saline soil, preparation method of felt mat and improvement method of coastal saline soil
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of soil improvement, in particular to a felt mat for improving coastal saline soil, a preparation method thereof and a coastal saline soil improvement method.
Background
In recent years, coastal areas have become important places for developing blue economy in China, along with development of the coastal areas, a large amount of industry transfer and population transfer appear, the demand for city construction matched with the coastal areas is higher and higher, and the achievement of city construction of the coastal areas has important significance for developing blue economy. The greening construction and landscape development are important components of urban construction in the coastal areas, but the saline soil is formed due to high salt content of soil and underground water in the coastal areas, so that the normal growth and development of greening plants in the coastal areas are severely restricted, the greening and landscape development difficulty in the coastal areas is increased, and the improvement of the coastal saline soil is urgently needed.
The existing methods for improving saline soil mainly comprise physical improvement, chemical improvement, biological improvement, farming improvement and the like. The physical improvement method is to regulate and control the water and salt movement in the soil by changing the physical structure of the soil, thereby inhibiting the soil evaporation effect. The interlayer salt barrier is an important physical improvement means for the saline soil. Because the water in the saline soil has the water-salt motion law that salt comes with water and goes with water, the original capillary system of the soil body can be damaged by arranging the salt separation layer, the capillary action of the soil is cut off, and the groundwater is prevented from moving to the upper layer to cause salt return. The salt isolation layer is arranged by digging a deep pit higher than the underground water level in the saline soil, pouring salt blocking materials to the bottom of the pit, and then paving, compacting and filling the pit. Common salt-resistant materials include stones, river sand, slag, ceramsite, vermiculite, corn straws and the like, and although soil desalination and secondary salinization prevention can be realized within a certain time, the following limitations still exist: firstly, a thicker salt isolation layer needs to be paved to ensure the salt blocking effect, such as paving stones with the thickness of 30-50cm, however, for a coastal area, the groundwater level is high (about 1-3m away from the ground), and the excessively thick salt isolation layer cannot be arranged in consideration of the space requirement of plant root growth; the salt-resistant material can play a certain salt-resistant role, but has no or low water-retaining property; thirdly, for light granular salt-resistant materials, such as river sand, furnace slag, ceramsite, vermiculite and the like, splashing is easily caused when soil is backfilled, so that the material distribution is uneven, and the salt-resistant effect is influenced; fourthly, arranging the salt isolation layer in a dumping, paving and compacting mode has higher labor cost and long construction time; for substances such as corn straws and the like which are easily decomposed by soil, the salt resistance effect cannot be exerted for a long time, and the salt return phenomenon is easy to occur; sixth, current salt resistant material all has certain mobility, is not suitable for the side and hinders salt, arranges the degree of difficulty in the pit lateral wall greatly, and downward flow piles up easily, influences and hinders the salt effect.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the above limitations of the salt-blocking interlayer in the prior art, and to provide a felt mat for improving coastal saline soil, a preparation method thereof and a method for improving coastal saline soil.
In a first aspect, the invention provides a felt mat for improving coastal saline soil, which comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 100-120 parts of mineral wool fiber, 5-20 parts of wood chips, 5-20 parts of straw and 10-15 parts of zeolite powder.
Further, the mineral wool fibers comprise: at least one of slag wool fiber and rock wool fiber.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing the above felt for improving coastal saline soil, comprising:
crushing the wood chips and the straws and mixing the crushed wood chips and the straws with zeolite powder to obtain a mixture;
pulping, dispersing and diluting the mineral wool fibers to obtain fiber slurry;
uniformly arranging the fiber slurry, and dehydrating and shaping to obtain a wet felt;
stacking two wet felts, and uniformly arranging the mixture between the two wet felts;
and spraying a binder on the front surface of the stacked wet felt, applying negative pressure on the back surface of the stacked wet felt to enable the binder to permeate into the stacked wet felt, and drying to obtain the felt for improving the coastal saline soil.
Furthermore, the adhesive is prepared by diluting polyvinyl acetate or polyacrylate with water, and the concentration is 10-12 wt%.
Furthermore, the fiber length of the mineral wool is 1-8mm, the straw is crushed into 0.5-1cm segments, and the wood chips are sieved by a 4-5 mesh sieve after being crushed.
Furthermore, the mineral wool fiber is obtained by crushing and opening waste mineral wool products.
Further, the pH value of the fiber slurry is 2.5-3, and the concentration of the fiber slurry is 2-5 wt%.
Further, mixing the mineral wool fibers with water and sulfuric acid solution, pulping and dispersing by using a hydrapulper, and adding water and sulfuric acid solution for dilution to obtain the fiber pulp.
Further, the concentration of the sulfuric acid solution is 40-70 wt%.
Further, the fiber slurry is passed through a fourdrinier forming machine to obtain the wet felt.
Further, the drying temperature is 100-.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a method for improving coastal saline soil, comprising:
excavating a soil pit in a saline soil area to be improved, wherein the bottom of the soil pit is higher than the underground water level;
paving the felt for improving the coastal saline soil or the felt for improving the coastal saline soil prepared by the method at the bottom of the soil pit;
and filling the soil pit with original soil.
Further, the depth of the soil pit is 70-100 cm. The depth can be adjusted according to the plants being planted and the height of the ground water level.
Further, the improvement method of the coastal saline soil further comprises the following steps: and paving the felt mat for improving the coastal saline soil on the side wall of the soil pit.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the raw materials of the felt for improving the coastal saline soil provided by the invention comprise mineral wool fibers, wood chips, straws and zeolite powder, wherein the mineral wool fibers are main materials for forming the felt, are commonly used as heat insulation materials and sound absorption materials in building engineering, and are particularly used for outer wall materials. The felt pad provided by the invention achieves balance among salt resistance, reverse osmosis resistance and water retention through the mutual synergistic cooperation of the components, and has a lasting salt resistance and reverse osmosis resistance effect on one hand and a prominent water retention effect on the other hand. Particularly, mineral wool fibers, sawdust and straws have good water retention effect, and are beneficial to storing partial water for plant growth; the felt mat integrally destroys the original capillary system of the soil body and prevents the groundwater from moving to the upper layer to cause salt return; the mineral wool fiber is durable, non-combustible, non-corrosive and not damaged by worms, and can play a role in resisting salt and reverse osmosis for a longer time; the wood chips, the straws and the zeolite powder are added into the felt pad, so that the fluffiness of the felt pad main body can be increased, the salt permeation efficiency is increased, and the refined zeolite powder can prevent most salt crystals from rising.
2. The felt mat for improving the coastal saline soil provided by the invention can realize excellent salt-blocking and reverse-osmosis-preventing effects and water retention effects only by paving a thin layer, is beneficial to reducing the depth of an excavated soil pit and reducing the construction amount, and is suitable for coastal areas with high underground water level; the material provided by the invention is flaky, can be directly paved at the bottom of a pit, does not need the steps of dumping, paving and compacting the material, avoids the splashing phenomenon of salt-resistant material, has the advantages of convenience in construction and labor cost saving, and is convenient for construction on the side wall of the pit and suitable for implementation of side salt resistance.
3. According to the preparation method of the felt mat for improving the coastal saline soil, provided by the invention, the mineral wool fibers are used for preparing the wet felt, the wood chips, the straws and the zeolite powder are uniformly distributed among the wet felt, the whole material is formed after glue application, an interlayer can be formed among the mineral wool fibers, all the components are matched with each other to play roles of salt resistance, reverse osmosis resistance and water retention, the preparation process is simple and easy to operate, and the preparation method is suitable for large-scale production and popularization.
4. According to the preparation method of the felt mat for improving the coastal saline soil, provided by the invention, the raw material of the mineral wool fiber is preferably a material obtained by crushing and opening waste mineral wool products, so that the problems of waste materials and unqualified waste products generated in the production of mineral wool manufacturing enterprises and the waste mineral wool products removed in building construction can be solved, and the resource reutilization is facilitated.
5. The method for improving the coastal saline soil comprises the steps of excavating soil pits in sequence, arranging the felt pad for improving the coastal saline soil provided by the invention to the bottom of the pits, backfilling raw soil, promoting salt in the saline soil to permeate to the underground along with water through the felt pad along with artificial irrigation or natural rainfall, and blocking a water-salt rising path by the felt pad, so that the improvement of the surface saline soil is realized after long-term use, salt-tolerant plants can be planted in the early stage of construction, the soil can be improved by cooperating with the felt pad, the planting of other plants can be realized along with the reduction of soil salt after the soil is used for a period of time, and the method is favorable for enriching the greening diversity of coastal areas, thereby being favorable for landscape development.
6. According to the improvement method for the coastal saline soil, provided by the invention, in order to further improve the salt resistance effect, the felt mat for improving the coastal saline soil can be arranged on the side wall of the soil pit, so that the lateral permeation of soil salt is prevented; or laying a salt discharge pipe below the felt pad by combining a concealed pipe salt discharge technology; or the soil conditioner is mixed in the original soil, which is beneficial to accelerating the improvement of the saline soil.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to further understand the present invention, not to limit the scope of the present invention, but to provide the best mode, not to limit the content and the protection scope of the present invention, and any product similar or similar to the present invention, which is obtained by combining the present invention with other prior art features, falls within the protection scope of the present invention.
The examples do not show the specific experimental steps or conditions, and can be performed according to the conventional experimental steps described in the literature in the field. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by manufacturers, and are all conventional reagent products which can be obtained commercially.
Example 1
A felt pad for improving coastal saline soil is prepared from rock wool fiber 100kg (fiber length of 1-8mm), wood flour 10kg, corn stalk 10kg, and zeolite powder 15 kg.
The preparation method of the felt mat for improving the coastal saline soil comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing sawdust, sieving with a 5-mesh sieve to obtain chips, crushing corn straws into 0.5-1cm fragments, and uniformly mixing the sawdust chips, the corn straw fragments and zeolite powder to obtain a mixture;
(2) injecting water into a hydrapulper, adjusting the pH to 3 by using a sulfuric acid solution with the concentration of 40 wt%, adding rock wool fibers, pulping and dispersing for 5min at the rotating speed of 1000rpm, and discharging the dispersed slurry into a pulp mixing tank;
(3) adding a sulfuric acid solution with the pH value of 3 into the size mixing tank to dilute the size to obtain fiber size, wherein the concentration of the fiber size is 5 wt%;
(4) introducing the fiber slurry into a long net forming machine, uniformly arranging the fiber slurry on a filter screen, dehydrating and forming by utilizing a vacuum dehydration box to generate negative pressure, and sequentially cutting the fiber slurry into wet felts of 102 x 200 cm;
(5) stacking two wet felts on a sizing net, and uniformly arranging the mixture obtained in the step (1) between the two wet felts according to a proportion;
(6) spraying a binder on the front surface of the stacked wet felt, utilizing a vacuum dehydration box to generate negative pressure to enable the binder to permeate into the stacked wet felt, and sucking off the redundant binder, wherein the binder is obtained by diluting polyvinyl acetate with water, and the concentration of the binder is 12 wt%;
(7) and drying the wet felt after sizing at 140 ℃ until the water content is 0.2%, thus obtaining the felt pad for improving the coastal saline soil, wherein the thickness of the felt pad is 30mm in a natural state.
Example 2
A felt pad for improving coastal saline soil is prepared from slag cotton fiber 120kg (fiber length of 1-5mm), wood dust 15kg, soybean straw 5kg, and zeolite powder 10 kg.
The preparation method of the felt mat for improving the coastal saline soil comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing sawdust, sieving with a 4-mesh sieve to obtain chips, crushing soybean straws into 0.5-1cm fragments, and uniformly mixing the sawdust chips, the soybean straw fragments and zeolite powder to obtain a mixture;
(2) injecting water into a hydrapulper, adjusting the pH to 2.5 by using a sulfuric acid solution with the concentration of 70 wt%, adding mineral wool fibers, pulping and dispersing for 10min at the rotating speed of 800rpm, and discharging the dispersed slurry into a pulp mixing tank;
(3) adding a sulfuric acid solution with the pH value of 2.5 into the size mixing tank to dilute the size to obtain fiber size, wherein the concentration of the fiber size is 2 wt%;
(4) introducing the fiber slurry into a long net forming machine, uniformly arranging on a filter screen, dehydrating and shaping by utilizing a vacuum dehydration box to generate negative pressure, and sequentially cutting into wet felts of 102 x 150 cm;
(5) stacking two wet felts on a sizing net, and uniformly arranging the mixture obtained in the step (1) between the two wet felts according to a proportion;
(6) spraying a binder on the front surface of the stacked wet felt, utilizing a vacuum dehydration box to generate negative pressure to enable the binder to permeate into the stacked wet felt, and sucking off the redundant binder, wherein the binder is obtained by diluting polyvinyl acetate with water, and the concentration of the binder is 10 wt%;
(7) and drying the wet felt after sizing at 100 ℃ until the water content is 0.2% to obtain the felt mat for improving the coastal saline soil, wherein the thickness of the felt mat in a natural state is 34 mm.
Example 3
A felt pad for improving coastal saline soil is prepared from rock wool fiber 100kg (fiber length of 1-8mm), wood dust 5kg, corn stalk 20kg, and zeolite powder 15 kg.
The preparation method of the felt mat for improving the coastal saline soil comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing sawdust, sieving with a 5-mesh sieve to obtain chips, crushing corn straws into 0.5-1cm fragments, and uniformly mixing the sawdust chips, the corn straw fragments and zeolite powder to obtain a mixture;
(2) injecting water into a hydrapulper, adjusting the pH to 2.8 by using a sulfuric acid solution with the concentration of 40 wt%, adding rock wool fibers, pulping and dispersing for 8min at the rotating speed of 1000rpm, and discharging the dispersed slurry into a pulp mixing tank;
(3) adding a sulfuric acid solution with the pH value of 2.8 into the size mixing tank to dilute the size to obtain fiber size, wherein the concentration of the fiber size is 3 wt%;
(4) introducing the fiber slurry into a long net forming machine, uniformly arranging the fiber slurry on a filter screen, dehydrating and forming by utilizing a vacuum dehydration box to generate negative pressure, and sequentially cutting the fiber slurry into wet felts of 102 x 200 cm;
(5) stacking two wet felts on a sizing net, and uniformly arranging the mixture obtained in the step (1) between the two wet felts according to a proportion;
(6) spraying a binder on the front surface of the stacked wet felt, utilizing a negative pressure generated by a vacuum dehydration box to enable the binder to permeate into the stacked wet felt, and sucking off the redundant binder, wherein the binder is obtained by diluting polyacrylate with water, and the concentration of the binder is 10 wt%;
(7) and drying the wet felt after sizing at 120 ℃ until the water content is 0.1% to obtain the felt mat for improving the coastal saline soil, wherein the thickness of the felt mat in a natural state is 31 mm.
Example 4
A felt pad for improving coastal saline soil is prepared from rock wool fiber 120kg (fiber length of 1-8mm), wood flour 10kg, soybean straw 10kg, and zeolite powder 10 kg.
The preparation method of the felt mat for improving the coastal saline soil comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing sawdust, sieving with a 5-mesh sieve to obtain chips, crushing soybean straws into 0.5-1cm fragments, and uniformly mixing the sawdust chips, the soybean straw fragments and zeolite powder to obtain a mixture;
(2) injecting water into a hydrapulper, adjusting the pH to 3 by using a sulfuric acid solution with the concentration of 70 wt%, adding rock wool fibers, pulping and dispersing for 8min at the rotating speed of 800rpm, and discharging the dispersed slurry into a pulp mixing tank;
(3) adding a sulfuric acid solution with the pH value of 3 into the size mixing tank to dilute the size to obtain fiber size, wherein the concentration of the fiber size is 3 wt%;
(4) introducing the fiber slurry into a long net forming machine, uniformly arranging the fiber slurry on a filter screen, dehydrating and forming by utilizing a vacuum dehydration box to generate negative pressure, and sequentially cutting the fiber slurry into wet felts of 102 x 200 cm;
(5) stacking two wet felts on a sizing net, and uniformly arranging the mixture obtained in the step (1) between the two wet felts according to a proportion;
(6) spraying a binder on the front surface of the stacked wet felt, utilizing a negative pressure generated by a vacuum dehydration box to enable the binder to permeate into the stacked wet felt, and sucking off the redundant binder, wherein the binder is obtained by diluting polyacrylate with water, and the concentration of the binder is 10 wt%;
(7) and drying the wet felt after sizing at 140 ℃ until the water content is 0.1 percent to obtain a felt mat for improving the coastal saline soil, wherein the thickness of the felt mat is 32mm in a natural state.
Example 5
A coastal saline soil improvement method comprises the following specific operations:
select 100m2Digging a soil pit with the depth of 70cm in a saline soil area (10m multiplied by 10m), and separately stacking soil with the surface layer of 30cm and soil with the depth of less than 30 cm;
the felt pads for improving the coastal saline soil prepared in the example 1 are flatly paved at the bottom and the side wall of a pit, and gaps are not left among the felt pads;
backfilling original soil of the saline soil, wherein the concrete operation is to sequentially backfill and pave the soil which is less than 30cm away from the surface layer of the soil and the soil which is less than 30cm away from the surface layer of the soil;
is administered at a dose of 50m per day3The area was subjected to salt leaching with irrigation water for 3 consecutive days.
Example 6
A coastal saline soil improvement method comprises the following specific operations:
select 100m2Digging a soil pit with the depth of 100cm in a saline soil area (10m multiplied by 10m), and separately stacking soil with the surface layer of 40cm and soil with the depth of less than 40 cm;
the felt pads for improving the coastal saline soil prepared in the example 2 are flatly paved at the bottom and the side wall of a pit, and gaps are not left among the felt pads;
backfilling original soil of the saline soil, wherein the concrete operation is to sequentially backfill and pave the soil which is less than 40cm away from the surface layer of the soil and the soil which is less than 40cm away from the surface layer of the soil;
is administered at a dose of 55m per day3The area was subjected to salt leaching with irrigation water for 3 consecutive days.
Experimental example 1
First, experiment purpose
The improvement effect of the coastal saline soil improvement methods provided in examples 5 and 6 was verified.
Second, Experimental methods
(1) Determination of experimental area
Cang south river is a change of a channel for draining water and draining water from a ripple depression, the axis is arranged along the east and north sides of the canjin coastal high speed, the bottom width of the river channel is 34m, the total length of the river channel is 7.45km, the height of the top of the river channel is 4.19-4.5 m, and the total length of the axis of the river channel is 7450.89 m. The region cang nan river KC0+100 was designated as the salt-retarding material test region I, and the region cang nan river KC3+200 was designated as the salt-retarding material test region II. The above areas all belong to muddy coast and have low-lying terrain.
(2) Plot partitioning in an experimental area
Dividing and marking two blocks of 100m in a salt-resistant material experiment area I2(10m multiplied by 10m) saline soil areas are respectively used as an experimental area 1 and a control area 1; dividing and marking two blocks of 100m in a salt-resistant material experiment area II2The saline soil area (10m × 10m) is used as the experimental area 2 and the control area 2.
The experimental area 1, the control area 1, the experimental area 2 and the control area 2 are divided into 10 × 10 squares, and the salinity of the soil with the depth of 5cm, 30cm and 60cm in the central area of each square is respectively detected and recorded by using a portable salinity meter.
Respectively carrying out pairing t test on the soil salinity of the experimental area 1 and the control area 1 measured at the depths of 5cm, 30cm and 60 cm; paired t-tests were performed between soil salinity in experimental zone 2 and control zone 2 at 5cm, 30cm and 60cm depths, respectively. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software, expressed as "mean ± standard deviation", and the results of the t-tests obtained for each group are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 soil salinity t test results
Figure BDA0002350906910000111
Through t test, the soil salinity of the experimental area 1 and the soil salinity of the control area 1 at three sampling depths are not significantly different (P is more than 0.05), and the soil salinity of the experimental area 2 and the soil salinity of the control area 2 at three sampling depths are not significantly different (P is more than 0.05).
(3) Soil improvement
Experimental zone 1 was modified according to the modification provided in example 5; the control area 1 is different from the experimental area 1 only in that stones with a thickness of 10cm are laid on the bottom of the soil pit, and the side walls are not treated.
Experimental zone 2 was modified according to the modification provided in example 6; the control area 2 is different from the experimental area 2 only in that stones with a thickness of 10cm are laid on the bottom of the soil pit, and the side walls are not treated.
(4) Seedling planting
Experimental zone 1 and control zone 1 were subjected to the following treatments:
standing for 5 days (no rainfall occurs within 5 days) after salt washing, excavating a planting ditch with the depth of 20-30cm, planting the Chinese scholartree plantlets in the planting ditch with the plant spacing of 20-30cm and the row spacing of 40-50cm, burying, harvesting, earthing up, supporting seedlings, watering and maintaining regularly, and counting the survival rate of the seedlings after 1 month.
Experimental zone 2 and control zone 2 were treated as follows:
standing for 5 days (no rainfall occurs within 5 days) after salt washing, excavating a planting ditch with the depth of 20-30cm, planting the small silk cotton tree seedlings in the planting ditch with the plant spacing of 20-30cm and the row spacing of 40-50cm, burying, harvesting, earthing up, supporting seedlings, watering and maintaining regularly, and counting the survival rate of the seedlings after 1 month.
Third, experimental results
The statistical results of the nursery stock survival rate are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 survival rate of seedlings
Group of Survival rate (%)
Experimental zone 1 99.3％
Control zone 1 82.5％
Experimental zone 2 97.4％
Control zone 2 74.1％
As can be seen from table 2, the methods for improving coastal saline soil provided in examples 5 and 6 can improve saline soil well, and the mat for improving coastal saline soil provided in example 1 or example 2 significantly improves the survival rate of seedlings compared to the mat for paving stones as the salt barrier.
Experimental example 2
First, experiment purpose
The salt-blocking, anti-reverse-osmosis and water-retention effects of the felt mats for coastal saline soil improvement provided in examples 1 to 4 were verified.
Second, Experimental methods
(1) Identification of experimental area
The canna river KC7+000 region is used as an experimental area III, and the region belongs to a muddy coast and is low-lying.
(2) Plot partitioning in an experimental area
Selecting 7 blocks of 4m in the experiment area III2The saline soil areas (2m multiplied by 2m) are respectively marked as experimental areas 1-4 and control areas 1-2, and the soil salinity of each area is not obviously different through inspection.
(3) Laying of salt-resistant material
Digging soil pits with the depth of 140cm in each experimental area and each control area;
backfilling 30cm of saline soil at the bottom of the pit;
laying salt-resistant materials: the experimental area 1-4 is respectively paved with the felt mats for improving the coastal saline soil prepared in the embodiment 1-4, the contrast area 1 is not paved with salt-resistant materials, the contrast area 2 is paved with stones with the thickness of 10cm, and the contrast area 3 is paved with the felt mats which are prepared according to the method provided by the embodiment 1, and the difference is that two pieces of wet felts are overlapped on a sizing net, and no mixture is arranged between the two pieces of wet felts;
and backfilling the saline soil to fill and level the soil pit.
(4) Soil moisture and salinity measurement
During the experiment, the area receives natural rainfall, the soil moisture and salinity of 5cm, 30cm and 60cm from the ground are measured on the 50 th day after the salt-resistant material is laid, the soil moisture is measured by using a soil humiture instrument, and the soil salinity is measured by using a portable salinity meter.
Third, experimental results
TABLE 3 soil moisture and salinity test results
Figure BDA0002350906910000131
Figure BDA0002350906910000141
As shown in Table 3, it can be seen from the test results of the control area 1 and other areas that the salt-resistant layer is laid to play a certain role in preventing reverse osmosis, the salinity of the control area 1 at different depths is obviously higher than that of other areas, and the control area 1 has the characteristics of high water content and high salinity, which are formed by the evaporation of high-salinity groundwater to the earth surface. The detection results of the control area 2 and the experimental areas 1-4 show that the soil in the control area 2 has higher moisture, the salinity of the soil is obviously higher than that of the experimental areas, and the fact that the reverse osmosis prevention effect of paving 10cm stones is poor is proved. As can be seen from the results of the tests in the control zone 3 and the test zones 1 to 4, the felt mats provided in examples 1 to 4 have a water retention effect equivalent to or even better than that of the felt mats without wood chips, straw and zeolite powder, and the felt mats provided in examples 1 to 4 have higher salt infiltration efficiency and lower salinity. The experiment shows that the felt mat for improving the coastal saline soil provided by the invention can realize better salt resistance, reverse osmosis resistance and water retention effects under the condition of a thinner salt isolation layer thickness, and is more suitable for improving the saline soil in a coastal area with higher underground water level.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. The felt pad for improving the coastal saline soil is characterized by comprising the following raw material components in parts by weight: 100-120 parts of mineral wool fiber, 5-20 parts of wood chips, 5-20 parts of straw and 10-15 parts of zeolite powder;
the preparation method of the felt mat for improving the coastal saline soil comprises the following steps:
crushing the wood chips and the straws and mixing the crushed wood chips and the straws with zeolite powder to obtain a mixture;
pulping, dispersing and diluting the mineral wool fibers to obtain fiber slurry;
uniformly arranging the fiber slurry, and dehydrating and shaping to obtain a wet felt;
stacking two wet felts, and uniformly arranging the mixture between the two wet felts;
and spraying a binder on the front surface of the stacked wet felt, applying negative pressure on the back surface of the stacked wet felt to enable the binder to permeate into the stacked wet felt, and drying to obtain the felt for improving the coastal saline soil.
2. The mat for coastal saline soil improvement of claim 1, wherein the mineral wool fibers comprise: at least one of slag wool fiber and rock wool fiber.
3. A method for preparing the felt pad for coastal saline soil improvement according to claim 1 or 2, comprising:
crushing the wood chips and the straws and mixing the crushed wood chips and the straws with zeolite powder to obtain a mixture;
pulping, dispersing and diluting the mineral wool fibers to obtain fiber slurry;
uniformly arranging the fiber slurry, and dehydrating and shaping to obtain a wet felt;
stacking two wet felts, and uniformly arranging the mixture between the two wet felts;
and spraying a binder on the front surface of the stacked wet felt, applying negative pressure on the back surface of the stacked wet felt to enable the binder to permeate into the stacked wet felt, and drying to obtain the felt for improving the coastal saline soil.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the binder is polyvinyl acetate or polyacrylate diluted with water at a concentration of 10-12 wt%.
5. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the mineral wool fiber has a fiber length of 1-8mm, the straw is pulverized into 0.5-1cm pieces, and the pulverized wood chips are sieved with a 4-5 mesh sieve.
6. The method of claim 3, wherein the pH of the fiber slurry is 2.5-3 and the concentration of the fiber slurry is 2-5 wt%.
7. The method of claim 3, wherein the wet mat is obtained by passing the fiber slurry through a fourdrinier wire forming machine.
8. An improvement method of coastal saline soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
excavating a soil pit in a saline soil area to be improved, wherein the bottom of the soil pit is higher than the underground water level;
laying the felt for improving the coastal saline soil as claimed in claim 1 or 2 or prepared by the method as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 7 on the bottom of the soil pit;
and filling the soil pit with original soil.
9. The method for improving coastal saline soil according to claim 8, wherein the depth of the soil pit is 70-100 cm.
10. The method of improving coastal saline soil of claim 8, further comprising: and paving the felt mat for improving the coastal saline soil on the side wall of the soil pit.
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CN106962079A (en) * 2017-04-06 2017-07-21 河北省林业科学研究院 Preserve soil moisture anti-careless ecological pad and preparation method thereof
CN107382453A (en) * 2017-07-04 2017-11-24 南京师范大学 Soil disinfection regeneration anti obstacle to continuous cropping composition and preparation method and application
CN109053330A (en) * 2018-09-11 2018-12-21 盐城育森农业科技有限公司 A kind of medium of soil improvement
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102187777A (en) * 2010-03-19 2011-09-21 许水茂 Planting soil and preparation method thereof
CN106171708A (en) * 2016-07-27 2016-12-07 广西陆川县润润养殖有限公司 A kind of ecology planting method of non-pollution rice
CN106223265A (en) * 2016-08-23 2016-12-14 中国科学院水生生物研究所 A kind of substrate improvement for windward side embankment and ecological restoring method
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