CN106688357A - Iron mine waste land vegetation recovery method - Google Patents
Iron mine waste land vegetation recovery method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106688357A CN106688357A CN201611178322.0A CN201611178322A CN106688357A CN 106688357 A CN106688357 A CN 106688357A CN 201611178322 A CN201611178322 A CN 201611178322A CN 106688357 A CN106688357 A CN 106688357A
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- iron ore
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- intercepting ditch
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of mine ecological recovery, and discloses an iron mine waste land vegetation recovery method. The iron mine waste land vegetation recovery method comprises the first step of building a transversely arranged intercepting ditch and a lengthways arranged drainage ditch according to the sharpness degree of the slope, and arranging a grit setting pond in the junction of the intercepting ditch and the drainage ditch; the second step of conducting broadcasting sowing of pioneer grass seeds for the first time in October to December; the third step of conducting broadcasting sowing of grass seeds, shrub seeds and arbor seeds for the second time in March to May in the next year, and the sowed ground is covered with non-woven fabrics; the fourth step of planting seedlings. According to the iron mine waste land vegetation recovery method, the intercepting ditch, the drainage ditch and the grit setting pond are arranged according to the terrain and the rainfall amount in the local region instead of being arranged randomly, and thus the optimal purpose of preventing water and soil loss can be achieved; meanwhile, through multiple times of experiments, the pioneer grass seeds, the shrub seeds, the arbor seeds and the seedlings are planted in sequence, thus the purpose of the recovery of mine plants in the quickest and steadiest way is achieved, and the phenomenon of water and soil loss is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ecological restoration of mine field, more particularly to a kind of iron ore--coal pellet method for recovering vegetation.
Background technology
Because mining area is piled up using soil of unloading down naturally, not by layer-by-layer rolling, the soil is porous.Meanwhile, mining area belongs to
Strip mining transformation, mound amount is big, often forms small small hill, and domatic length, area are big, general to be administered using artificial bio-membrane, are extremely difficult to
Prevent erosion and afforestation effect.
The content of the invention
The present invention recover shortcoming with mining area vegetation for being extremely difficult to prevent erosion in the prior art, there is provided a kind of
The iron ore--coal pellet method for recovering vegetation that can be prevented erosion.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention is addressed by following technical proposals：
Iron ore--coal pellet method for recovering vegetation, comprises the following steps：
Step 1. opens up intercepting ditch and longitudinally disposed gutter, intercepting ditch and the row of horizontally set according to domatic emergency degree
The intersection in ditch is provided with setting pot；
Step 2. broadcasts sowing pioneer grass species for the first time in the 10-12 months；
Step 3. broadcasts sowing grass seeds, Shrub Species, arbor kind for the second time in the Second Year 3-5 months, and covers nonwoven on the ground broadcasted sowing
Cloth；
Step 4. kind plants seedlings.
Preferably, in step 1, when the domatic gradient is more than or equal to 40 °, by vertical height, the excavation per 10-12 meters
One intercepting ditch；When the domatic gradient is between 30 ° -40 °, by vertical height, one intercepting ditch of excavation per 7-10 meters；Domatic
The gradient be less than 30 ° when, by vertical height, per 5-7 meter excavate an intercepting ditch.
Preferably, in step 1, it is public more than or equal to 5 in catchment area according to local moment maximum precipitation in history
Hectare when, the depth of intercepting ditch is between 80-120 ㎝, width between 80-120cm, when catchment area is less than 5 hectares, intercept water
The depth of ditch is between 30-60 ㎝, width is between 40-70cm.
Preferably, in step 1, concrete prefabricated pipe conduct of the diameter between 60-100 ㎝ is excavated every 40-50m
Gutter.
Preferably, in step 1, the recess on slope sets the gutter of step, and its width is between 90-110cm, depth
Between 80-100 ㎝.
Preferably, in step 2, pioneer grass species species and the amount of broadcasting sowing respectively rye grass 7kg/667 are broadcasted sowing for the first time
m2, paspalum notatum 2kg/667 m2, the kg/667 m of Bermuda grass 22, the kg/667 m of Festuca Arundinacea 22。
Preferably, in step 3, grass seeds, Shrub Species, arbor kind species and the amount of broadcasting sowing being broadcasted sowing for the second time and being respectively leaf sparrow wide
The kg/667 m of barnyard grass 72, the kg/667 m of masson pine 22, spend more the kg/667 m of lily magnolia 42, the kg/667 m of crotalaria mucronata 22, locust tree 2
kg/667 m2, the kg/667 m of mountain green soy bean 22, not degradable non-woven fabrics is raised in mid-July.
Preferably, in step 4, planting the eucalyptus nutrient bag seedling of cold-resistant the 3-4 months or in March in November to next year planting chest
Footpath more than 3cm, the height of tree more than 1.5m seedlings, seedlings be soapberry, sweetgum, mountain Elaeocarpus decipiens, Lindera communis, underbrown japanese cherry, glossy privet,
Photinia glabra, oleander and cinnamomum camphora, carry out 1-2 times and topdress after plantation.
The present invention as a result of above technical scheme, with significant technique effect：According to landform and the precipitation of locality
Measure to set intercepting ditch, gutter, setting pot, rather than arbitrarily setting, can reach the optimal purpose for preventing erosion；
Many experiments successively broadcast sowing pioneer grass species, Shrub Species, arbor kind, seedlings simultaneously, are planted with reaching most fast, most steady recovery mine
The purpose of quilt, reduces the phenomenon of soil erosion.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the domatic upper intercepting ditch of the embodiment of the present invention, the schematic cross-section of setting pot, and α represents the domatic gradient in figure
More than 40 °, figure β represents the domatic gradient between 30 ° -40 °, and the gradient that figure γ represents domatic is less than 30 °.
Fig. 2 is the domatic upper intercepting ditch of the embodiment of the present invention, gutter, the arrangement schematic diagram of setting pot.
The toponym that each number designation is referred in accompanying drawing is as follows：Wherein 1-intercepting ditch, 2-gutter, 3-sand setting
Pond.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment
Iron ore--coal pellet method for recovering vegetation, as shown in Figure 1 to Figure 2, comprises the following steps：
Step 1. opens up the intercepting ditch 1 of horizontally set and longitudinally disposed gutter 2, the He of intercepting ditch 1 according to domatic emergency degree
The intersection in gutter 2 is provided with setting pot 3；
Step 2. broadcasts sowing pioneer grass species for the first time in the 10-12 months；
Step 3. broadcasts sowing grass seeds, Shrub Species, arbor kind for the second time in the Second Year 3-5 months, and covers nonwoven on the ground broadcasted sowing
Cloth；
Step 4. kind plants seedlings.
In step 1, the setting principle of the distance of intercepting ditch 1 is：It is configured according to domatic length and the gradient, domatic
When the gradient is more than or equal to 40 °, by vertical height, one intercepting ditch 1 of excavation per 10-12 meters；The domatic gradient 30 ° -40 ° it
Between when, by vertical height, per 7-10 meter excavate an intercepting ditch 1；When the domatic gradient is less than 30 °, by vertical height, per 5-
7 meters of excavations, one intercepting ditch 1.
To reduce slope runoff length, so as to reduce runoff intensity, above-mentioned setting principle experiments verify that, can maximum limit
That spends reaches the purpose for mitigating domatic rain drop erosion.
The setting principle of the size of intercepting ditch 1 is, according to catchment area depending on, with reference to maximum drop of local moment in history
Water, when catchment area is more than or equal to 5 hectares, the depth of intercepting ditch 1 is between 80-120 ㎝, width 80-120cm it
Between, wherein, the depth of intercepting ditch 1 is 100cm, width is that 100cm is optimal selection；When catchment area is less than 5 hectares, intercept water
The depth of ditch 1 is between 30-60 ㎝, width between 40-70cm, wherein, the depth of intercepting ditch 1 is 40cm, width is 50cm
It is optimal selection.Such selection is set, and can reach optimal drainage effect, and cost is suitable.
The setting principle in gutter 2 is：According to domatic width and landform, a diameter is excavated in 60- every 40-50m
Concrete prefabricated pipe between 100 ㎝ as gutter 2, wherein, a diameter of 80cm of concrete prefabricated pipe is optimal selection, can be maximum
Limit carries out draining, water conservancy diversion, shunting；In the recess on slope（Mountain valley）Relatively it is easy to draining, therefore in the recess setting step on slope
Gutter 2, its width is between 90-110cm, depth between 80-100 ㎝, wherein the width in gutter 2 be 100 ㎝, depth
Spend for 90 ㎝ are optimal selection.The impulsive force of flowing water can be buffered using the gutter 2 of step, soil erosion is reduced.
The intersection in intercepting ditch 1 and gutter 2 sets setting pot 3, and the specification of setting pot 3 is：The length of setting pot 3 and a width of
1.5 times, the depth of depth ratio intercepting ditch 1 1.2-1.5m of the width of intercepting ditch 1.Setting for setting pot 3 can be to sweeping away the soil for coming by water
Intercepted, certain water can be stored in addition, prevented the water of lower section bigger and wash away soil, the impulsive force of available buffer water.
, by C15 concretings, the thickness at side and bottom is not less than for intercepting ditch 1, gutter 2, the side of setting pot 3 and bottom
12 ㎝, to take precautions against intercepting ditch 1, gutter 2, the side of setting pot 3 and beneath heavy fracture.
Intercepting ditch 1, gutter 2, the setting of setting pot 3 need to be distributed according to the history precipitation of landform and locality, with
The impulsive force for reaching buffering flowing water and the purpose for reducing soil erosion, it is therefore desirable to multiple prospecting landform, can just work out
The preferred plan stated.
In step 2, pioneer grass species species and the amount of broadcasting sowing respectively rye grass 7kg/667 m are broadcasted sowing for the first time2, paspalum notatum
2kg/667 m2, the kg/667 m of Bermuda grass 22, the kg/667 m of Festuca Arundinacea 22, rye grass, paspalum notatum, Bermuda grass, Festuca Arundinacea are all
Thin careless class in earth's surface, germination is strong, easily forms surface vegetation.Meanwhile, above-mentioned careless class growth period is different, can be mutually complementary
Fill, such as rye grass is the annual herb plant of winter growth, growth is early, early spring winter Mo can quickly form one layer it is glossy and green
Careless quilt, but just ripe lodging to earth's surface forms one layer of litter layer to the 5-6 months.Paspalum notatum, Bermuda grass, Festuca Arundinacea etc. are spring lifes
Draft long, when rye grass will be ripe, these grass seeds start to sprout, and grow up to careless quilt, have substituted rye grass.The above-mentioned elder generation for selecting
Cutting edge of a knife or a sword grass seeds is suitable for being grown in iron ore--coal pellet, and forms surface vegetation within the most fast time, and water and soil is prevented to greatest extent
It is lost in.Grass seeds species selection need repeatedly analyzed, reasonably house take and multiple experimental verification just draw it is optimal
Grass seeds species and the amount of broadcasting sowing are broadcasted sowing, to reach the vegetation on most fast and stabilization the discarded ground of preliminary recovery.
When disseminating pioneer grass species for the first time, can add in neighbour rural area or when being viewed and admired as landscape and broadcast 3 kg/667 m2
The flower seed such as coreopsis.
Grass seeds is soaked 12 hours before broadcasting sowing pioneer grass species, water is removed afterwards, with grass seeds, fine sand, organic fertilizer（Particulate）With weight
Amount is than being 1:1:1 mixed after broadcast sowing.Pioneer grass species are broadcasted sowing again after first processing, and improve the germination of pioneer grass species, are spread
Need not be applied fertilizer after broadcasting, be reduced workload.
In step 3, grass seeds, Shrub Species, arbor kind species and the amount of broadcasting sowing the respectively kg/ of Paspalum wettsteinii 7 are broadcasted sowing for the second time
667 m2, the kg/667 m of masson pine 22, spend more the kg/667 m of lily magnolia 42, the kg/667 m of crotalaria mucronata 22, the kg/667 m of locust tree 22、
The kg/667 m of mountain green soy bean 22, not degradable non-woven fabrics is raised in mid-July.
It is to substitute pioneer grass species to broadcast sowing grass seeds, Shrub Species, arbor kind for the second time.Paspalum wettsteinii contrario condition requirement
Relatively low, strong adaptability, growth period be long, rudiment ability is strong, be able to can taken over the 6-7 months or supplemented with paspalum notatum, dog with natural renovation
The growth deficiency of root of the tooth, Festuca Arundinacea, careless quilt can be quickly formed in growth period, form grass layer diversity.Spend more lily magnolia, pig dung
Beans, locust tree, mountain green soy bean etc. are perennial shrub, and have rhizobium, can both play raising greening cover degree effect, can be risen again
To the effect of biological modification soil.Masson pine seed rudiment, strong adaptability, by growth for many years, can form whole level vegetation
Recover target, allow mining area to turn into forest.The selection of Shrub Species and arbor kind species needs repeatedly to be analyzed, reasonably house take with
And multiple experimental verification just draw it is optimal broadcast sowing species and the amount of broadcasting sowing, to reach most fast and stabilization reinforcement discarded ground vegetation
Recovery.
In step 4, in the 3-4 months with digging big cave, lower base manure, the eucalyptus nutrient bag seedling for planting cold-resistant or in March in November to next year
The plantation diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground more than 3cm, the height of tree more than 1.5m seedlings, such as soapberry, sweetgum, mountain Elaeocarpus decipiens, Lindera communis, underbrown japanese cherry, female
The seeds such as chastity, photinia glabra, oleander and cinnamomum camphora.After planting to carry out 1-2 times to topdress, promote seedlings growth.
Plant the selection of the time of seedlings：After being broadcasted sowing after pioneer grass species, Shrub Species, arbor kind, take around 1 year when
Between discard ground and can form more stable earth's surface and vegetation, then carry out the arbor species of seedlings or high fill seeds plantation, profit
In arbor, the growth of shrub, promote quickly forming for mining area forest cover, to improve the economic benefit of mining area biological treating.
The class reed that the present invention is advocated in recovering different from other mining area vegetations is used as pioneer grass species, because class reed is " overlord "
Grass, once form the group of oneself, it is impossible to clear up, it is difficult to secondary Regeneration is carried out, while to forest land, farmland invasive ability
By force, it is the noxious plant type of forest land, farmland, and disaster hidden-trouble is brought to mountain area.
Artificial Rain moisture stream is carried out by intercepting ditch 1 and gutter 2, mitigates surface erosion, pioneer grass species are broadcasted sowing for the first time,
Careless quilt can be quickly formed within 2-3 month, all standing is realized in the region to broadcasting sowing, and, by height up to 30-60cm, cover degree can for grass
Up to 60cm, cover degree rate can resist spring rain and wash away up to 100%, play soil conservation effect, and for follow-up other draft, shrub, arbor rise
To place mat effect.Grass seed mix, shrub seedses and tree seed are broadcasted sowing for the second time, carry out grass, filling, Qiao Ziran replacements, can be with fast
Speed reaches greening fixation.Plantation arbor is, in order to make full use of Mine Abandoned Land, to form piece woods or scenic forest, improves mine
The value on discarded ground.The present invention can be applied not only to the revegetation of iron ore--coal pellet, it is also possible to be widely used in other
Similar side slope（Such as excavation, highway）Harnessing project.
In a word, presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, all equalizations made according to scope of the present invention patent be the foregoing is only
Change and modification, should all belong to the covering scope of patent of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. iron ore--coal pellet method for recovering vegetation, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：
Step 1. opens up the intercepting ditch of horizontally set according to domatic emergency degree（1）With longitudinally disposed gutter（2）, intercept water
Ditch（1）And gutter（2）Intersection be provided with setting pot（3）；
Step 2. broadcasts sowing pioneer grass species for the first time in the 10-12 months；
Step 3. broadcasts sowing grass seeds, Shrub Species, arbor kind for the second time in the Second Year 3-5 months, and covers nonwoven on the ground broadcasted sowing
Cloth；
Step 4. kind plants seedlings.
2. iron ore--coal pellet method for recovering vegetation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step 1, on domatic slope
When degree is more than or equal to 40 °, by vertical height, one intercepting ditch of excavation per 10-12 meters（1）；The domatic gradient 30 ° -40 ° it
Between when, by vertical height, per 7-10 meter excavate an intercepting ditch（1）；When the domatic gradient is less than 30 °, by vertical height, often
One intercepting ditch of 5-7 meters of excavation（1）.
3. iron ore--coal pellet method for recovering vegetation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step 1, gone through according to locality
Moment maximum precipitation in history, when catchment area is more than or equal to 5 hectares, intercepting ditch（1）Depth between 80-120 ㎝,
Width between 80-120cm, catchment area be less than 5 hectares when, intercepting ditch（1）Depth between 30-60 ㎝, width exists
Between 40-70cm.
4. iron ore--coal pellet method for recovering vegetation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step 1, every 40-50m
Concrete prefabricated pipe of the diameter between 60-100 ㎝ is excavated as gutter（2）.
5. iron ore--coal pellet method for recovering vegetation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step 1, the recess on slope sets
Put the gutter of step（2）, its width is between 90-110cm, depth is between 80-100 ㎝.
6. iron ore--coal pellet method for recovering vegetation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step 2, spread for the first time
Broadcast pioneer grass species species and the amount of broadcasting sowing respectively rye grass 7kg/667 m2, paspalum notatum 2kg/667 m2, the kg/667 of Bermuda grass 2
m2, the kg/667 m of Festuca Arundinacea 22。
7. iron ore--coal pellet method for recovering vegetation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step 3, spread for the second time
Broadcast grass seeds, Shrub Species, arbor kind species and the amount of broadcasting sowing the respectively kg/667 m of Paspalum wettsteinii 72, the kg/667 m of masson pine 22, it is many
4 kg/667 m of flowers and trees orchid2, the kg/667 m of crotalaria mucronata 22, the kg/667 m of locust tree 22, the kg/667 m of mountain green soy bean 22, in 7 months
Raise not degradable non-woven fabrics ten days.
8. iron ore--coal pellet method for recovering vegetation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step 4, planted in the 3-4 months
Plant cold-resistant eucalyptus nutrient bag seedling or March in November to next year plantation the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground more than 3cm, the height of tree more than 1.5m seedlings.
9. iron ore--coal pellet method for recovering vegetation according to claim 8, it is characterised in that：Seedlings be soapberry, sweetgum,
Mountain Elaeocarpus decipiens, Lindera communis, underbrown japanese cherry, glossy privet, photinia glabra, oleander and cinnamomum camphora, carry out 1-2 times and topdress after plantation.
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Cited By (10)
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| CN107268761A (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2017-10-20 | 中国瑞林工程技术有限公司 | A kind of surface mine partition type bench energy dissipating relay drainage system and method |
| CN108575170A (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2018-09-28 | 美尚生态景观股份有限公司 | Hill forest green method is replied immediately soon |
| CN109845441A (en) * | 2018-12-30 | 2019-06-07 | 内蒙古蒙草生态环境（集团）股份有限公司 | A kind of mining area dregs platform rehabilitation plant layered sowing method |
| CN110121971A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-08-16 | 广西博世科环保科技股份有限公司 | A kind of method of metal mine acidity discarded ground ecological recovery |
| CN110915348A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-03-27 | 昆明学院 | Ecological restoration method for stony desertification mountains |
| CN113383680A (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2021-09-14 | 中山大学 | Method for realizing restoration of bare land on top of island mountain |
| CN114788441A (en) * | 2022-03-21 | 2022-07-26 | 黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院 | Method for comprehensively preventing and treating water and soil loss and effectively utilizing runoff in soil-covered region of sandstone |
| CN114908773A (en) * | 2022-04-19 | 2022-08-16 | 中冶西北工程技术有限公司 | Side slope ecological restoration method and system for surface mine and tailing pond |
| CN115152351A (en) * | 2022-07-27 | 2022-10-11 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | Ecological restoration method for side slope of stone bud in bauxite goaf |
| CN115874642A (en) * | 2022-11-28 | 2023-03-31 | 重庆地质矿产研究院 | Ecological restoration method for typical manganese ore tailing pond |
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| CN107268761A (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2017-10-20 | 中国瑞林工程技术有限公司 | A kind of surface mine partition type bench energy dissipating relay drainage system and method |
| CN107268761B (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2023-08-11 | 中国瑞林工程技术股份有限公司 | Surface mine partition type bench energy dissipation relay drainage system and method |
| CN108575170A (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2018-09-28 | 美尚生态景观股份有限公司 | Hill forest green method is replied immediately soon |
| CN109845441A (en) * | 2018-12-30 | 2019-06-07 | 内蒙古蒙草生态环境（集团）股份有限公司 | A kind of mining area dregs platform rehabilitation plant layered sowing method |
| CN110121971A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-08-16 | 广西博世科环保科技股份有限公司 | A kind of method of metal mine acidity discarded ground ecological recovery |
| CN110915348A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-03-27 | 昆明学院 | Ecological restoration method for stony desertification mountains |
| CN113383680A (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2021-09-14 | 中山大学 | Method for realizing restoration of bare land on top of island mountain |
| CN114788441A (en) * | 2022-03-21 | 2022-07-26 | 黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院 | Method for comprehensively preventing and treating water and soil loss and effectively utilizing runoff in soil-covered region of sandstone |
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| CN114908773A (en) * | 2022-04-19 | 2022-08-16 | 中冶西北工程技术有限公司 | Side slope ecological restoration method and system for surface mine and tailing pond |
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