CN110121971A - A kind of method of metal mine acidity discarded ground ecological recovery - Google Patents
A kind of method of metal mine acidity discarded ground ecological recovery Download PDFInfo
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- CN110121971A CN110121971A CN201910331949.2A CN201910331949A CN110121971A CN 110121971 A CN110121971 A CN 110121971A CN 201910331949 A CN201910331949 A CN 201910331949A CN 110121971 A CN110121971 A CN 110121971A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods of the discarded ground ecological recovery of metal mine acidity, and this method comprises the following steps: (1) to carrying out cutting slope finishing, setting slope surface platform and intercepting ditch, gutter discardedly；(2) scarifying processing is carried out to topsoil, and excavates kind of a plant hole, then apply the mixture of quick lime and biomass carbon to upper soll layer, kind plant hole surface respectively；(3) apply nutritious fertilizer into upper soll layer, kind plant hole；(4) wild vetch plant is planted in upper soll layer, transplants shrub in kind of plant hole；(5) biostimulant of the application rich in plant source free amino acid in 1~7 day after shrub field planting, takes root after shrub and adds NPK compound fertilizer after herbaceous plant emergence.The method of the present invention can inhibit the conversion of mine sulfide and the migration of heavy metal, improve Abandoned Land of Mine soil physico-chemical property, improve vegetation survival rate, solve Abandoned Land of Mine problem of environmental pollution, promote the fast quick-recovery of mine entironment, realize that land resource recycles.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to land reclamation and technical field of biological recovery, specifically a kind of metal mine acidity discarded ground ecology
The method of recovery.
Background technique
Mining mineral resource, smelting, in process, tailing, barren rock, waste residue accumulation occupy large amount of land resources, generate
Discarded ground.Leave a large amount of heavy metal sulfide barren rock discardedly (mainly based on troilite).Sulfide is through weathering, leaching etc.
Effect, which is easily contacted with air, occurs oxidation reaction, generates sulfuric acid and heavy metal ion.Sulfuric acid and heavy metal ion with precipitation into
The soil and water for entering underground water and mining area periphery influence plant growth, or even threaten the life security of nearby residents, cause serious
Environmental problem.
Summary of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention provide a kind of method of metal mine acidity discarded ground ecological recovery, the party
Heavy metal contaminants outlet is effectively controlled soil erosion and reduced to method by using Ecological Restoration Works measure；And pass through acidity
Soil improvement, soil fertility improve, and manufacture the soil environment of suitable vegetation growth, and the conversion of pollutant is controlled from source and is moved
It moves, effectively restores the ecological environment on discarded ground.
The present invention solves above-mentioned technical problem with following technical solution:
The method of metal mine acidity of the present invention discarded ground ecological recovery, including following operating procedure:
(1) Ecological Restoration Works measure: mine acidity is carried out to cut slope finishing discardedly, it is flat that one or more levels slope surface is set
Reservoir is arranged in platform and a plurality of intercepting ditch, gutter, slope foot；
(2) soil acidity improves: carrying out scarifying processing to the topsoil on discarded ground, while excavating kind of a plant hole, then divides
The mixture for not applying quick lime and biomass carbon to upper soll layer, kind plant hole surface, balances 15~30 days；
(3) soil fertility improves: applying nutritious fertilizer into upper soll layer, kind plant hole；
(4) planting, transplanting；Wild vetch plant is planted in upper soll layer, transplants shrub in kind of plant hole；
(5) late maintaining: shrub is watered with when being colonized and sprinkles profoundly water, and application is rich in plant source free amino acid in 1~7 day
Biostimulant, optionally watered every 7 days later, and being poured onto plant root every time, nearby the soil body is wet, and 2 months by a definite date,
After shrub is taken root and herbaceous plant emerges 2 months, NPK compound fertilizer is added again；
(6) after shrub is taken root and herbaceous plant emerges 2 months, soil organic matter content, total nitrogen content, available phosphorus are detected
Content, quick-acting potassium content, soil pH, the nutrient according to needed for plant growth add NPK compound fertilizer.
The Ecological Restoration Works measure of step (1) of the present invention includes following concrete operation step:
1) slope surface float stone, surface dust are cleared up；
2) it cuts slope and opens rank, make grade elimination to 30 °, a platform is set along slope surface 10m, each platform backer side sets one
Intercepting ditch；
3) slope surface is compacted at by the float stone of cleaning is smooth, slope surface covers 15 ± 2cm and discards surface layer soil, smooth compacting；
4) gutter for being mutually compiled in slope foot is set at left and right sides of slope surface, reinforces intercepting ditch, draining with remaining float stone is cleared up
Ditch；Reservoir is arranged in gutter intersection.
In step (2) of the present invention, quick lime and biomass carbon are 3~5:1~2 in mass ratio；In described kind of plant hole
Spoil adds the mixture quality of quick lime and biomass carbon as the hole 1~2kg/, and the outer upper soll layer of kind plant hole adds quick lime
Mixture quality with biomass carbon is 0.5~1.5kg/ ㎡, and pH value is made to be increased to 4.5~5.0 by 3.5.
In step (3) of the present invention, nutritious fertilizer is mixed by following raw material in mass ratio: rice husk: pig manure has
Machine fertilizer: ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: complex micro organism fungicide=36~45:42~50:1~2:7~17；The soil table to outside kind of plant hole
Layer applies 1.5~3kg/ of nutritious fertilizer ㎡, applies the cave 2~5kg/ of nutritious fertilizer into kind of plant hole.
Complex micro organism fungicide described in the method for the present invention includes sulfate reducing bacteria, bacillus subtilis, huge gemma bar
Bacterium, azotobacter chroococcum, five kinds of rhizobium, the complex micro organism fungicide add effective number of viable >=500,000,000/g.
In step described in the method for the present invention (4), the draft of wild vetch plant is Chinese silvergrass, Bermuda grass, and liana is Boston ivy, draft
Application rate is 0.1kg/ ㎡, and liana application rate is 0.1kg/ ㎡.
In step (4) of the present invention, shrub includes one of masson pine, eucalyptus, azalea, Loropetalum chinense var.rubrum or several
Kind.
NPK compound fertilizer described in the method for the present invention step (5) includes urea, calcium magnesium phosphate and potassium nitrate, wherein
Urea, calcium magnesium phosphate and potassium nitrate are 1:2:1 in mass ratio.
In step (5) of the present invention, the amount of application of the biostimulant is 0.1~0.15ml/ plants, the N P and K
The additive amount of complex fertilizer is 0.05~0.1kg/ ㎡.
Compared with prior art, the method for the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) present invention opens rank by cutting slope, and soil compacting is smooth, prevents slope surface rubble from falling, surface dust slides, it is ensured that slope surface
Stabilized structure；
(2) present invention effectively prevent soil erosion caused by rain erosion by setting intercepting ditch, gutter, and setting stores
Pond can effectively prevent heavy metal contaminants outlet, while treated catchments and can be used for vegetation irrigation by environment friendly system, no
Generate secondary pollution；
(3) effectively soil acidity, the fertility of improvement heavy metal Abandoned Land of Mine slope surface, manufacture are suitable for the soil of vegetation growth
Environment, the vegetable layer of formation are capable of fixing heavy metal transformation, and the root system of plant prosperity may also suppress the further oxidation of sulfide,
Discarded ground ecological environment is set to be restored.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention, technical solution of the present invention is elaborated, but does not therefore limit this
The protection scope of invention.
Complex micro organism fungicide described in following examples includes sulfate reducing bacteria, bacillus subtilis, huge gemma
Totally five kinds of bacillus, azotobacter chroococcum, rhizobium, the complex micro organism fungicide adds effective number of viable >=500,000,000/g；The nitrogen
PK compound fertilizer includes urea, calcium magnesium phosphate and potassium nitrate, and wherein urea, calcium magnesium phosphate and potassium nitrate are 1:2 in mass ratio:
1。
Embodiment 1
1) slope surface float stone, surface dust are cleared up with stent-type float stone descaling machine, avoids falling rocks from tumbling, safety caused by the earthwork collapses
Hidden danger；
2) it carries out cutting slope with excavator and opens rank, make grade elimination to 30 °, a platform is set along the every 10m of slope surface, platform leans on
Massif side sets intercepting ditch；
3) slope surface is compacted at by the stone of cleaning is smooth, slope surface covers 15 ± 2cm and discards surface layer soil, smooth compacting,
Make that massif landing does not occur；
4) gutter for being mutually compiled in slope foot is set at left and right sides of slope surface, reinforces intercepting ditch, draining with remaining float stone is cleared up
Ditch；Reservoir is arranged in gutter intersection；
5) scarifying processing is carried out to place topsoil with creeper, loosenning tiller, while excavates kind of a plant hole, then to kind of a plant hole
Middle application is the quick lime of 3:1 and the cave mixture 1kg/ of biomass carbon in mass ratio, is pressed to kind of a plant hole extexine soil application
Mass ratio be 3:1 quick lime and biomass carbon mixture 0.5kg/ ㎡, and balance 15 days, soil pH value 4.5~4.7 it
Between.
6) to kind of a plant hole extexine soil application mass ratio are as follows: rice husk: Swine manure: ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: composite microbial
Object microbial inoculum=39:42:2:17 mixture 3kg/ ㎡, applies mass ratio into kind of plant hole are as follows: rice husk: Swine manure: phosphoric acid
Ammonium dihydrogen: the cave complex micro organism fungicide=36:46:1:17 mixture 5kg/；
7) kind plant hole interval row transplants local pionner masson pine, Loropetalum chinense var.rubrum, eucalyptus respectively；Kind plant hole extexine soil
Earth broadcasts sowing hybrid 0.1kg/ ㎡, Boston ivy the 0.1kg/ ㎡ of Chinese silvergrass and Bermuda grass；
8) after shrub field planting, biology thorn of the application rich in plant source free amino acid in 1~7 day after shrub field planting
Hormone, 0.1ml/ plants of masson pine, 0.15ml/ plants of Loropetalum chinense var.rubrum, is sprayed on after being watered 250 times of dilution by wherein eucalyptus 0.15ml/ plants
Plants stems leaf surface；It optionally watered every 7 days, being poured onto plant root every time, nearby the soil body is wet, and water source is derived from water storage
Water up to standard after charcoal treated in pond, 2 months by a definite date；
9) after shrub is taken root and herbaceous plant emerges 2 months, detection discovery, soil organic matter content is mentioned by 6.5g/kg
Height arrives 22.6g/kg~24.3g/kg, and total nitrogen content is increased to 0.89g/kg by 0.53g/kg, and available phosphorus content is by 10.7mg/kg
It is increased to 22.9mg/kg, quick-acting potassium content is increased to 112.5mg/kg, soil pH 4.53, soil depletion shape by 36.4mg/kg
State is improved, and plant strain growth is conducive to, while supplementing the macronutrient of quick growth of plant needs, adds azophoska
Complex fertilizer material 0.05kg/ ㎡.
Embodiment 2:
1) slope surface float stone, surface dust are cleared up with stent-type float stone descaling machine, avoids falling rocks from tumbling, safety caused by the earthwork collapses
Hidden danger；
2) it carries out cutting slope with excavator and opens rank, make grade elimination to 30 °, a platform, platform backer are set along slope surface 10m
Side sets intercepting ditch；
3) slope surface is compacted at by the stone of cleaning is smooth, slope surface covers 15 ± 2cm and discards surface layer soil, smooth compacting,
Make that massif landing does not occur；
4) gutter for being mutually compiled in slope foot is set at left and right sides of slope surface, reinforces intercepting ditch, draining with remaining float stone is cleared up
Ditch；Reservoir is arranged in gutter intersection；
5) scarifying processing is carried out to place topsoil with creeper, loosenning tiller, while excavates kind of a plant hole, then to kind of a plant hole
Middle application is the quick lime of 5:2 and the cave mixture 2kg/ of biomass carbon in mass ratio, is pressed to kind of a plant hole extexine soil application
Mass ratio is the quick lime of 5:2 and the mixture 1.5kg/ ㎡ of biomass carbon, and is balanced 30 days；Soil pH value 4.5~5.0 it
Between；
6) mass ratio is applied into kind of plant hole are as follows: rice husk: Swine manure: ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: complex micro organism fungicide=
The cave mixture 2kg/ of 40:49:2:9, to kind of a plant hole extexine soil application mass ratio are as follows: rice husk: Swine manure: di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
Hydrogen ammonium: complex micro organism fungicide=40:45:1:9 mixture 1.5kg/ ㎡；
7) kind plant hole interval row transplants local pionner masson pine, Loropetalum chinense var.rubrum, eucalyptus, azalea respectively；Kind plant hole
Extexine soil broadcasts sowing Chinese silvergrass, Bermuda grass hybrid 0.1kg/ ㎡, Boston ivy 0.1kg/ ㎡, forms three-dimensional vegetation structure；
8) after shrub field planting, biology thorn of the application rich in plant source free amino acid in 1~7 day after shrub field planting
Hormone, 0.1ml/ plants of masson pine, 0.1ml/ plants of Loropetalum chinense var.rubrum, 0.1ml/ plants of azalea, is watered dilute by wherein eucalyptus 0.15ml/ plants
Plants stems leaf surface is sprayed on after releasing 250 times；It optionally watered every 7 days, being poured onto plant root every time, nearby the soil body is wet i.e.
Can, water source is derived from reservoir water up to standard after charcoal treated, and 2 months by a definite date.
9) after shrub is taken root and herbaceous plant emerges 2 months, detection discovery, soil organic matter content is mentioned by 6.5g/kg
Height arrives 17.6g/kg~19.3g/kg, total nitrogen content is increased to 0.62g/kg by 0.33g/kg, and available phosphorus content is by 11.2mg/
Kg is increased to 22.8mg/kg, and quick-acting potassium content is increased to 106mg/kg, soil pH 4.70, soil depletion state by 40mg/kg
Improved, be conducive to plant strain growth, while supplementing the macronutrient of quick growth of plant needs, adds azophoska compound
Fertilizer 0.1kg/ ㎡.
Embodiment 3
1) slope surface float stone, surface dust are cleared up with stent-type float stone descaling machine, avoids falling rocks from tumbling, safety caused by the earthwork collapses
Hidden danger；
2) it carries out cutting slope with excavator and opens rank, make grade elimination to 30 °, a platform, platform backer are set along slope surface 10m
Side sets intercepting ditch；
3) slope surface is compacted at by the stone of cleaning is smooth, slope surface covers 15 ± 2cm and discards surface layer soil, smooth compacting,
Make that massif landing does not occur；
4) gutter for being mutually compiled in slope foot is set at left and right sides of slope surface, reinforces intercepting ditch, draining with remaining float stone is cleared up
Ditch；Reservoir is arranged in gutter intersection；
5) scarifying processing is carried out to place topsoil with creeper, loosenning tiller, while excavates kind of a plant hole, then to kind of a plant hole
Middle application is the quick lime of 4:2 and the cave mixture 1.5kg/ of biomass carbon in mass ratio, to kind of a plant hole extexine soil application
It is in mass ratio the mixture 1kg/ ㎡ of the quick lime of 4:2 and biomass carbon, and balances 25 days, soil pH value is made to be maintained at 4.5
Between~5.0.
6) mass ratio is applied into kind of plant hole are as follows: rice husk: Swine manure: ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: complex micro organism fungicide=
The cave mixture 3kg/ of 45:46:2:7, to kind of a plant hole extexine soil application mass ratio are as follows: rice husk: Swine manure: di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
Hydrogen ammonium: complex micro organism fungicide=45:46:1:7 mixture 2kg/ ㎡；
7) kind plant hole interval row transplants local pionner masson pine, azalea respectively；Kind plant hole extexine soil broadcasts sowing
Chinese silvergrass, Bermuda grass hybrid 0.1kg/ ㎡, Boston ivy 0.1kg/ ㎡ form three-dimensional vegetation structure；
8) after shrub field planting, biology thorn of the application rich in plant source free amino acid in 1~7 day after shrub field planting
Hormone, wherein masson pine 0.1ml/ plants, 0.1ml/ plants of azalea；It optionally watered every 7 days, is poured near plant root every time
The soil body is wet, and water source is derived from reservoir water up to standard after charcoal treated, and 2 months by a definite date；
9) after shrub is taken root and herbaceous plant emerges 2 months, detection discovery, soil organic matter content is mentioned by 4.5g/kg
Height arrives 17.6g/kg~19.3g/kg, and total nitrogen content is increased to 0.82g/kg by 0.35g/kg, and available phosphorus content is mentioned by 12mg/kg
Height arrives 32mg/kg, and quick-acting potassium content is increased to 100.4mg/kg by 40.4mg/kg, and soil depletion state is improved, is conducive to
Plant strain growth, while the macronutrient of quick growth of plant needs is supplemented, NPK compound fertilizer 0.1kg/ ㎡ is added, is added
Add NPK compound fertilizer 0.15kg/ ㎡
The foregoing is merely a prefered embodiment of the invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, any to be familiar with sheet
In the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by those skilled in the art, should all cover
Within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be subject to the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of method of metal mine acidity discarded ground ecological recovery, which is characterized in that method includes the following steps:
(1) Ecological Restoration Works measure: carrying out cutting to mine acidity slope finishing discardedly, be arranged one or more levels slope surface platform and
Reservoir is arranged in a plurality of intercepting ditch, gutter, slope foot；
(2) soil acidity improves: scarifying processing is carried out to the topsoil on discarded ground, while excavating kind of a plant hole, then respectively to
Upper soll layer, kind plant hole surface apply the mixture of quick lime and biomass carbon, balance 15~30 days；
(3) soil fertility improves: applying nutritious fertilizer into upper soll layer, kind plant hole；
(4) planting, transplanting；Wild vetch plant is planted in upper soll layer, transplants shrub in kind of plant hole；
(5) late maintaining: shrub is watered with when being colonized and sprinkles profoundly water, and application is rich in the biology of plant source free amino acid in 1~7 day
Stimulin, optionally watered every 7 days later, and being poured onto plant root every time, nearby the soil body is wet, and 2 months by a definite date；To Qiao
After shrub takes root and herbaceous plant emerges 2 months, NPK compound fertilizer is added；
(6) after shrub is taken root and herbaceous plant emerges 2 months, detection soil organic matter content, total nitrogen content, available phosphorus contain
Amount, quick-acting potassium content, soil pH, the nutrient according to needed for plant growth add NPK compound fertilizer.
2. the method for metal mine acidity discarded ground ecological recovery according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
(1) Ecological Restoration Works measure, including following concrete operation step:
1) slope surface float stone, surface dust are cleared up；
2) it cuts slope and opens rank, make grade elimination to 30 °, a platform is set along slope surface 10m, each platform backer side sets one and cuts
Ditch；
3) slope surface is compacted at by the float stone of cleaning is smooth, slope surface covers 15 ± 2cm and discards surface layer soil, smooth compacting；
4) gutter for being mutually compiled in slope foot is set at left and right sides of slope surface, reinforces intercepting ditch, gutter with remaining float stone is cleared up；Row
Reservoir is arranged in ditch intersection.
3. the method for metal mine acidity discarded ground ecological recovery according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
(2) in, quick lime and biomass carbon are 3~5:1~2 in mass ratio；Spoil addition quick lime and biology in described kind of plant hole
The mixture quality of matter charcoal is the hole 1~2kg/, the mixture quality of kind plant hole outer upper soll layer addition quick lime and biomass carbon
For 0.5~1.5kg/ ㎡, and pH value is made to be increased to 4.5~5.0 by 3.5.
4. the method for 4 metal mine acidity discarded ground ecological recovery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step
(3) in, nutritious fertilizer is mixed by following raw material in mass ratio: rice husk: Swine manure: ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: compound micro-
Bacteria agent=36~45:42~50:1~2:7~17；The application of the upper soll layer to outside kind of the plant hole nutritious fertilizer 1.5~
3kg/ ㎡ applies the cave 2~5kg/ of nutritious fertilizer into kind of plant hole.
5. the method for metal mine acidity discarded ground ecological recovery according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: described compound micro-
Bacteria agent includes totally five kinds of sulfate reducing bacteria, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, azotobacter chroococcum, rhizobium, institute
It states complex micro organism fungicide and adds effective number of viable >=500,000,000/g.
6. the method for metal mine acidity discarded ground ecological recovery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described in step (5)
NPK compound fertilizer include urea, calcium magnesium phosphate and potassium nitrate, wherein the mass ratio of urea, calcium magnesium phosphate and potassium nitrate is
1:2:1。
7. the method for metal mine acidity discarded ground ecological recovery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step
(4) in, the draft of wild vetch plant is Chinese silvergrass, Bermuda grass, and liana is Boston ivy, and draft application rate is 0.1kg/ ㎡, liana sowing
Amount is 0.1kg/ ㎡.
8. the method for metal mine acidity discarded ground ecological recovery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step
(4) in, shrub includes one or more of masson pine, eucalyptus, azalea, Loropetalum chinense var.rubrum.
9. the method for metal mine acidity discarded ground ecological recovery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step
(5) in, the amount of application of the biostimulant is 0.1~0.15ml/ plants, and the additive amount of the NPK compound fertilizer is 0.05
~0.1kg/ ㎡.
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| CN110637668A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-01-03 | 江西省环境保护科学研究院 | Three-dimensional restoration structure and method for ionic rare earth abandoned mining area slope soil |
| CN111185469A (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2020-05-22 | 厦门海石生态环境股份有限公司 | Abandoned mine restoration method based on biological habitat restoration |
| CN111699776A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-09-25 | 南京中泰平祥化工科技有限公司 | Construction method for recovering vegetation by improving acid heavy metal mine in-situ matrix |
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