CN117102234A - Ionic rare earth tailing on-site and underground combined ecological restoration method - Google Patents
Ionic rare earth tailing on-site and underground combined ecological restoration method Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/30—Moss
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C2101/00—In situ
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an on-site and underground combined ecological restoration method of ionic rare earth tailings, which is characterized in that the soil of the rare earth tailings is improved, a composite growth promoting functional flora screened out from rhizosphere soil of dominant plants in a mining area is inoculated, a screened multi-living multi-species artificial soil seed bank is constructed, algae and moss biological crust is built on the surface of the tailings soil, and a near-natural ecological system which is suitable for local environment, perfect in structure and various in functions is gradually formed. In the near-natural ecological system, the biological crust stores water and moisturizes, prevents erosion, improves surface soil structure and nutrition, and creates conditions for rapid colonization and growth of functional flora and plants. Functional flora can promote nutrient absorption and growth of repairing plant and biological crust. Repairing the community formed by the plant can back feed functional flora and provide a more suitable growth environment for surface crust. The soil, plants, microorganisms and biological crust are in complementary cooperation and high-efficiency communication, so that the ecological restoration of the rare earth tailings is realized by combining the above ground and the underground.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental remediation, and particularly relates to an on-site and underground combined ecological remediation method for ionic rare earth tailings.
Background
The large-scale exploitation of the south ionic rare earth causes serious ecological damage, and a large amount of tailing bare land is left. Soil is barren, poor in water retention capacity and strong in acidity, is a main limiting factor for plant survival on the ionic tailings, the poor soil environment of the ionic rare earth tailings makes the plants difficult to naturally colonize, and proper restoration measures are needed to gradually restore the ecological environment.
The existing method mainly adopts soil improvement and phytoremediation. Soil improvement is performed by adding various soil improvers to tailings, wherein the improvers mainly comprise various organic fertilizers, inorganic fertilizers, acidity regulators, water-retaining agents, adhesives, conditioning agents, adsorbents and the like. The addition of the modifier can improve the soil fertility of tailings, reduce acidity, improve soil structure and texture and enhance the water storage and retention capacity of the soil. The soil environment of the tailings can be improved by adopting soil-alienating measures; and (3) phytoremediation, namely planting super-accumulated plants on the tailings to remove heavy metal pollution in the soil, or constructing an artificial plant community by matching one or more of life types such as arbor, shrubs, herbs and the like on the tailings. Plants planted on the tailing soil can reconstruct the bio-geochemical circulation of C, N, P and other elements, thereby continuously improving the soil quality, improving the soil fertility, further promoting succession of communities and restoring ecological functions.
However, the above-mentioned mode of "soil improvement+phytoremediation" has a great disadvantage: (1) The repairing species is single, the characteristics of the artificial community are obvious, the ecological function is single and fragile, the repairing species is not disturbed, and once the repairing species is destroyed, the repairing species is difficult to recover; (2) Few technologies adopt species collocation of multiple species or multiple life types, but the selection of repair species is not scientific, and most species are difficult to survive or grow poorly and gradually disappear as repair time is prolonged; (3) The modifier formula is confusing, has no effect at all, and the early-stage restoration effect is supported by a large amount of fertilizers, so that the temporary modification of soil is realized, the continuous self-restoration of the soil under the interaction of plants and microorganisms is not realized, and the modifier is an unsustainable mode; (4) The soil surface in the early stage of restoration is severely corroded, the evaporation capacity is large, water is difficult to retain, and great adverse effects are caused on seed germination and seedling growth.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for ecologically restoring ionic rare earth tailings from the ground and underground by utilizing the cooperative complementary effect among plant-soil-microorganism-biological crust.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the combined ecological restoration method for the ion type rare earth tailings on the ground and underground comprises the following steps:
(1) Screening of repair species: selecting a batch of areas similar to the environmental conditions of terrains, altitudes, slopes, positions and the like of the rare earth mining areas to be repaired in the local range, taking dominant species of various layers of trees, shrubs, grasses and vines in the areas as candidate repair species, carrying out potting experiments, and screening out repair species;
(2) Rhizosphere growth promoting bacterium screening: extracting and screening growth promoting bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from dominant plant rhizosphere soil near a rare earth mining area to be repaired to form a composite growth promoting functional bacterial group, and culturing to prepare a composite growth promoting functional bacterial agent;
(3) Soil improvement: spreading lime on the surface of the tailing soil to be repaired, and turning over and ploughing into the soil; applying decomposed organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer and red soil on the tailing soil after one week, and ploughing into the soil;
(4) Inoculating growth promoting bacteria: the compound growth promoting functional microbial inoculum is ploughed into soil together with the decomposed organic fertilizer by sowing together with seeds or by a mixed implementation mode;
(5) Constructing a soil seed bank: mixing arbor, shrub, grass and vine seeds in the screened repair species according to a certain proportion, sowing the mixture on tailing soil, covering a layer of thin soil, and constructing an artificial soil seed bank containing multiple living types and multiple species;
(6) Constructing algae moss biological crust: uniformly spraying algae liquid on the surface of the tailing soil, sequentially paving small moss on the surface of the tailing soil and compacting, or cutting moss by a stem breaking method and then spreading on the tailing soil, and watering to keep the soil at proper humidity;
(7) And (3) post-curing: watering, thinning/reseeding and topdressing at regular intervals.
In the step (1), the potting experiment is divided into an experiment group and a control group, the experiment group uses the rare earth tailing soil to be repaired added with the modifier as a matrix, the control group uses the soil in the non-mined area around the rare earth tailing to be repaired as a matrix, the experiment period is three months, and the repair species are selected according to the screening standard after the experiment is finished and according to the plant growth condition.
Further, in the step (1), 1.1 to 1.3g of lime, 16.8 to 18.6g of decomposed organic fertilizer, 0.44 to 0.50g of inorganic fertilizer and 240 to 260g of red soil are added into each 1kg of tailing soil as modifier components and addition amount; the organic fertilizer is one or more of livestock manure, compost, sludge, biogas slurry and biogas residues, and the inorganic fertilizer is one or more of chemical nitrogenous fertilizer, chemical phosphate fertilizer, chemical potash fertilizer, chemical compound fertilizer and plant ash; screening standard r b And r s Are all greater than or equal to 0.8, wherein r b For experimentsThe biomass ratio of the same plant as the control group, r s The ratio of the survival rates of the same plants in the experimental group and the control group.
In the step (2), the composite growth promoting functional bacterial agent is one or more of bacterial liquid, powder and particles.
Further, in the step (3), 20-30 cm of ploughing is carried out; the organic fertilizer is one or more of livestock manure, compost, sludge, biogas slurry and biogas residues, and the inorganic fertilizer is one or more of chemical nitrogenous fertilizer, chemical phosphate fertilizer, chemical potash fertilizer, chemical compound fertilizer and plant ash; the addition amount of the organic fertilizer is 0.8-1.2 kg/m 2 The addition amount of the inorganic fertilizer is 0.022-0.030 kg/m 2 100-125 kg/m red soil 2 Lime addition amount is 0.12-0.15 kg/m 2 。
In the step (4), the liquid composite growth promoting functional microbial inoculum is sown together with seeds by a seed dressing and seed soaking mode, and the powdery composite growth promoting functional microbial inoculum and the granular composite growth promoting functional microbial inoculum are sown together with the seeds by a seed dressing and seed mixing mode or are ploughed together with the decomposed organic fertilizer by a mixed mode; the addition amount of the composite growth promoting functional bacteria is 5 multiplied by 10 10 ～7×10 10 CFU/m 2 。
Further, in the step (5), the seed sowing amount is 16-24 g/m 2 The mixing proportion of seeds is as follows: species seeds of the same life type are 1 by weight: 1, mixing, wherein arbor, shrub, herb and vine seeds in the artificial soil seed warehouse are prepared by the following components in weight ratio 2:3:9:2 mixing.
Further, in the step (6), the algae liquid is used in an amount of 4×10 12 ～6×10 12 cell/m 2 The moss laying amount is 150-250 g/m 2 。
Further, in the step (7), the first week of repair is performed at a rate of 3-4L/m per day 2 Watering the mixture in a dosage of 1.5-2L/m each day after the second week 2 Watering the water in the dosage, and naturally precipitating after one month; after the repair is carried out for 15 days, thinning or reseeding/reseeding is carried out according to the growth condition of the plants; after one month of repair, the weight of the repairing agent is 0.020-0.025 kg/m 2 The compound fertilizer is added in the dosage, and then maintenance is not carried out.
The technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that the ionic rare earth tailing on-site and underground combined ecological restoration method has the advantages that restoration species are further screened from dominant species in a plurality of other areas with local conditions consistent with the mining area, the soil of the tailings to be restored is selected as a matrix in a species screening potting experiment, the soil of the mining area with the edge not being mined is used as a contrast matrix, the screened restoration species are very suitable for macroscopic and microscopic environments such as geography, topography, climate, the soil of the tailings and the like of the mining area to be restored, reverse succession does not occur, and the screened restoration species are more scientific and reasonable and highly agree with ecological laws; the composite growth promoting functional flora inoculated in the tailing soil to be repaired screens rhizosphere soil of dominant species of the mining area to be repaired, adapts to the mining area environment, and can rapidly develop and play a role after inoculation; the screened repair species comprise species with multiple living types such as arbor, shrub, grass and vine, each living type comprises a plurality of species, seeds of all the screened repair species construct a seed library in tailing soil, the species which are stably reserved after germination are the species which are filtered through competitive exclusion, the repair species are further screened and optimized, and the formed community is a near-natural plant community with multiple living types and multiple species, is suitable for local environment, has perfect structure and multiple ecological functions, is stable and anti-interference, and accords with succession rules; the algae moss biological crust is constructed, so that the erosion of surface soil, water storage and retention are prevented, evaporation is prevented, the nutrition and structure of the surface soil are improved, and the shelter and promotion effect for germination of a seed warehouse are provided; the plants, the soil, the microorganisms and the biological crust are cooperated and complemented, so that the ionic rare earth tailings are subjected to combined three-dimensional restoration from the ground and the underground. The method for the on-site and underground combined ecological restoration of the ion type rare earth tailings, which is constructed by the invention, has the advantages of low cost, high benefit and stable effect, and can be widely popularized in environments needing restoration.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a restoration effect diagram of an on-site and underground combined ecological restoration method of ionic rare earth tailings according to a second embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 shows the coverage of the ionic rare earth tailings in each restoration mode of the on-site and underground combined ecological restoration method according to the second embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing plant total biomass in each remediation mode of the ionic rare earth tailing on-site and underground combined ecological remediation method according to the second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a soil fertility composite index under each remediation mode of the ionic rare earth tailing on-site and under-site combined ecological remediation method according to the second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows the coverage of the ionic rare earth tailings in each restoration mode of the on-site and underground combined ecological restoration method according to the third embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing plant total biomass in each remediation mode of the ionic rare earth tailing on-site and underground combined ecological remediation method according to the third embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a soil fertility integrated index in each restoration mode of the method for the on-site and underground combined ecological restoration of the ionic rare earth tailings according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
The embodiment of the invention provides an on-site and underground combined ecological restoration method for ionic rare earth tailings, which comprises the following steps of:
(1) Screening of repair species: selecting dominant species of each layer of arbor, shrub, grass and vine in a region similar to the environmental condition of a rare earth mining area to be repaired in a local range, carrying out potting experiments, and screening out repair species;
(2) Rhizosphere growth promoting bacterium screening: extracting and screening growth promoting bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from dominant plant rhizosphere soil near a rare earth mining area to be repaired to form a composite growth promoting functional bacterial group, and culturing to prepare a composite growth promoting functional bacterial agent;
(3) Soil improvement: spreading lime on the surface of the tailing soil, and ploughing into the soil; applying decomposed organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer and red soil on the tailing soil after one week, and ploughing into the soil;
(4) Inoculating growth promoting bacteria: the compound growth promoting functional microbial inoculum and seeds are sowed together or ploughed into soil together with decomposed organic fertilizer by a mixed mode;
(5) Constructing a soil seed bank: mixing the seeds of the screened repair species according to a certain proportion, then sowing the mixed seeds on tailing soil, covering a layer of thin soil, and constructing an artificial soil seed bank containing multiple species and multiple living types;
(6) Constructing algae moss biological crust: uniformly spraying algae liquid on the surface of the tailing soil, and arranging moss on the surface of the tailing soil to keep the soil at a certain humidity;
(7) And (3) post-curing: watering, thinning/reseeding and topdressing at regular intervals.
Preferably, in the step (1), dominant species of each layer of arbor, shrub, grass and vine in the area similar to the environmental conditions such as the terrain, altitude, slope direction and slope position of the rare earth mining area to be repaired are selected as the candidate repair species; the potting experiment is divided into an experiment group and a control group, wherein the experiment group uses the rare earth tailing soil to be repaired, to which the modifier is added, as a matrix, the control group uses the soil in the non-mining area around the rare earth tailing to be repaired as a matrix, the experiment period is three months, and the repair species are selected according to the screening standard after the experiment is finished and according to the plant growth condition.
Preferably, in the step (1), 1.1 to 1.3g of lime, 16.8 to 18.6g of decomposed organic fertilizer, 0.44 to 0.50g of inorganic fertilizer and 240 to 260g of red soil are added into each 1kg of tailing soil; the organic fertilizer is one or more of livestock manure, compost, sludge, biogas slurry and biogas residues, and the inorganic fertilizer is one or more of chemical nitrogenous fertilizer, chemical phosphate fertilizer, chemical potash fertilizer, chemical compound fertilizer and plant ash.
Preferably, in the step (1), the potted plant experimental repair species screening standard is r b And r s Are all greater than or equal to 0.8, wherein r b R is the biomass ratio of the same plant in the experimental group and the control group s The ratio of the survival rates of the same plants in the experimental group and the control group.
Preferably, in the step (2), the complex growth promoting functional flora has different growth promoting functions such as phosphate dissolution, iron dissolution, nitrogen fixation and the like, and can adapt to the soil environment of a mining area; the composite growth promoting functional bacterial agent is one or more of bacterial liquid, powder and particles.
Preferably, in the step (3), 20-30 cm of ploughing is performed; organic compoundThe fertilizer is one or more of livestock manure, compost, sludge, biogas slurry and biogas residues, and the inorganic fertilizer is one or more of chemical nitrogenous fertilizer, chemical phosphate fertilizer, chemical potash fertilizer, chemical compound fertilizer and plant ash; the addition amount of the organic fertilizer is 0.8-1.2 kg/m 2 The addition amount of the inorganic fertilizer is 0.022-0.030 kg/m 2 100-125 kg/m red soil 2 Lime addition amount is 0.12-0.15 kg/m 2 。
Preferably, in the step (4), the liquid composite growth promoting functional microbial agent is sown together with seeds by a seed dressing and seed soaking mode, and the powdery composite growth promoting functional microbial agent and the granular composite growth promoting functional microbial agent are sown together with the seeds by a seed dressing and seed mixing mode or are ploughed together with the decomposed organic fertilizer by a mixed mode; the addition amount of the composite growth promoting functional bacteria is 5 multiplied by 10 10 ～7×10 10 CFU/m 2 。
Preferably, in the step (5), the seed sowing amount is 16-24 g/m 2 The mixing proportion of seeds is as follows: species seeds of the same life type are 1 by weight: 1, mixing, wherein arbor, shrub, herb and vine seeds in an artificial soil seed bank are mixed according to a weight ratio of 2:3:9:2 mixing.
Preferably, in the step (6), small moss blocks are sequentially paved on the surface of the tailing soil for compaction, or the moss blocks are sheared by a stem breaking method and then are paved on the tailing soil, and the soil is watered to keep proper humidity; the algae dosage in the algae liquid is 4×10 12 ～6×10 12 cell/m 2 The moss laying amount is 150-250 g/m 2 。
Preferably, in the step (7), the first week of repair is performed at a rate of 3-4L/m per day 2 Watering the mixture in a dosage of 1.5-2L/m each day after the second week 2 Watering the water in the dosage, and naturally precipitating after one month; after the repair is carried out for 15 days, thinning or reseeding/reseeding is carried out according to the growth condition of the plants; after one month of repair, the weight of the repairing agent is 0.020-0.025 kg/m 2 The compound fertilizer is added in the dosage, and then maintenance is not carried out.
Example two
The method of the first embodiment of the invention is adopted to carry out ecological restoration on a certain rare earth tailing bare land abandoned for many years in the Jiangnan county of Ganzhou city.
Dividing A, B two cells to develop ecological restoration pilot scale. And (3) comparing the area A, and performing underground and overground combined ecological restoration by adopting the method of the embodiment I of the invention in the area B without restoration.
Screening of repair species: potting experiments are carried out by using dominant species of arbor, shrub, grass and vine layers in a plurality of other areas with the local environment condition consistent with that of the mine area to be repaired, the mine soil to be repaired after the modifier is added is used as an experimental matrix, the soil in the area which is not mined around the mine area is used as a control matrix, and 1.1g of lime, 16.8g of decomposed chicken manure, 0.44g of compound fertilizer and 240g of red soil are added into each 1kg of mine soil, so that the experimental period is three months; after the experiment is finished, the arbor species selected according to the screening standard is Broussonetia papyrifera, the shrub species is Rhus chinensis and Cassia bifasciata, and the herb species is Setaria viridis, herba Paederiae and herba Ajugae.
The area of the repaired cell carried out by the embodiment of the invention is only 1m 2 On the left hand side, due to the strong species competition effect, under the condition of extremely small restoration area, the number of local other areas consistent with the environmental conditions of the mining area to be restored and the number of species to be restored, which are selected from the areas and are taken into screening potting experiments by dominant species, are relatively small. Therefore, the species screened by the embodiment of the invention are only arbor, shrub and grass life types, and vine types are not screened.
Rhizosphere growth promoting bacterium screening: extracting, culturing and screening rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with various growth-promoting functions from plant rhizosphere soil in mining areas to form a compound growth-promoting functional bacterial group, and preparing the granular compound growth-promoting functional bacterial agent.
Preparing land: and removing sundries such as stones and the like on the bare land, and leveling the micro-topography by adopting a mode of cutting high and low pads.
Soil improvement and inoculation of growth promoting functional bacteria: adding lime 0.12kg/m into the tailing soil in the zone B 2 Ploughing the surface soil for 20cm. After a week, adding 0.8kg/m of decomposed chicken manure into the tailing soil in the zone B 2 Compound fertilizer 0.022kg/m 2 100kg/m red soil 2 Complex growth promoting functional bacteria 5×10 10 CFU/m 2 Then ploughing the surface soil to mix the additive with the tailing soilEven, the ploughing depth is 20cm.
Constructing a soil seed bank of 'Qiao-Fu-cao': in zone B, mixing the seeds containing various repair plants such as arbor, shrub, grass and the like according to a certain proportion, and then sowing the mixed seeds on tailing soil with a sowing quantity of 16g/m 2 Covering a layer of thin soil, and constructing an artificial soil seed bank; wherein the seeds of the same life type are 1 by weight: 1, mixing, namely mixing arbor, shrub and herb seeds according to a weight ratio of 2:3:9, mixing.
Constructing an artificial algal moss crust: at the surface of the tailing soil in the zone B according to the proportion of 4 multiplied by 10 12 cell/m 2 Spraying chlorella-based algae liquid at a dosage of 150g/m 2 Moss is paved in the amount.
And (3) periodically curing: the first week of repair was at 3L/m per day 2 Watering the mixture in a dosage of 1.5L/m each day after the second week 2 Watering the water in the dosage, and naturally precipitating after one month; after 15 days of restoration, no seedling thinning or reseeding/reseeding operation is performed because plants grow well; after one month of repair, the weight of the mixture was 20g/m 2 The compound fertilizer is added with the dosage.
The physical and chemical properties of the soil in the unrepaired area (area A) and the combined ecological restoration area (area B) are shown in Table 1 after two months of restoration.
TABLE 1 physical and chemical Properties of soil in unrepaired zone A and on-ground and underground Combined ecological restoration zone B
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, after two months of repair, the soil moisture content and pH, TN, TP, TOC, AP, AK, MBC of the soil in the above-ground and underground combined ecological repair area adopting the method of the embodiment of the invention are obviously improved compared with those in the unrepaired area.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, after two months of repair, the coverage of the above-ground and underground combined ecological repair area adopting the method of the embodiment of the invention reaches 100%.
Referring to fig. 3, the total plant biomass of the combined ecological restoration area above and below the ground by the method of the embodiment of the inventionUp to 304.96g/m 2 。
Referring to fig. 4, the soil fertility of the above-ground and underground combined ecological restoration area by adopting the method of the embodiment of the invention is obviously improved, and reaches the level II in the soil fertility grading standard of the arable soil fertility diagnosis and evaluation in south area (NY/T1749-2009) issued by the Ministry of agriculture. Unrepaired area soil is still at grade iii level.
Example III
The method of the first embodiment of the invention is adopted to carry out ecological restoration on the leaching pile of which the leaching of the rare earth ore is just finished in Kangdong county in Ganzhou city.
Dividing A, B, C three cells to develop ecological restoration pilot scale. The area A is compared with the area without restoration, the area B adopts the traditional restoration technology, and the area C adopts the overground and underground combined ecological restoration technology of the embodiment I of the invention.
Screening of repair species: the potting experiment is carried out by using dominant species of various layers of arbor, shrub, grass and vine in a plurality of other areas with the local environment condition consistent with that of the mine area to be repaired, the mine area surrounding the mine area is used as an experimental matrix after the modifier is added, the soil in the non-mined area around the mine area is used as a control matrix, and 1.3g of lime, 18.6g of decomposed chicken manure, 0.50g of compound fertilizer and 260g of red soil are added into each 1kg of mine area, so that the experimental period is three months. The arbor selected according to the screening standard after the experiment is finished is masson pine, wood lotus and paper mulberry; the shrub is sisal hemp, herba Duohuae, herba Caraganae Intermediae, semen Cassiae Bicoloris, fructus Ricini, and Rhus chinensis; the herb is pig's beans, vetiver grass, miscanthus sinensis, green bristlegrass, ryegrass, dandelion, golden aster, barbary aster, and zinnia; the vine is kudzu vine.
Under the pilot scale condition of the embodiment of the invention, the area of the area to be repaired can accommodate more repair species, the number of the selected area of the source of the species to be screened and the species available for screening are more, the species screened by the potting experiment are comprehensive in types, and the area contains a plurality of different species of arbor, shrub, grass and vine life types. In actual mine restoration, the restoration area is larger, and more comprehensive species with multiple living types can be screened out.
Rhizosphere growth promoting bacterium screening: extracting, culturing and screening rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with various growth-promoting functions from plant rhizosphere soil in mining areas to form a composite growth-promoting functional bacterial group, and preparing the granular composite growth-promoting functional bacterial agent.
Preparing land: cleaning sundries such as broken stones on the slope, cutting the slope, and adjusting the slope angle to 30 degrees. Four steps are built, the width of each step is 30cm, and the horizontal distance between every two adjacent steps is 70cm.
Soil improvement and inoculation of composite growth promoting functional bacteria: adding lime 0.15kg/m into tailing soil in the B area and the C area 2 Turning over 30cm, adding 1.2kg/m decomposed chicken manure into tailing soil in the region B and the region C after one week 2 0.03kg/m of compound fertilizer 2 125kg/m red soil 2 Adding 7×10 composite growth promoting functional bacteria into the tailing soil of zone C 10 CFU/m 2 Then ploughing for 30cm.
Constructing a soil seed bank: in the C area, the seeds which are selected and contain various repair plants such as arbor, shrub, grass, vine and the like are mixed according to a certain proportion and then are sowed on the tailing soil, and the sowing quantity is 24g/m 2 Covering a layer of thin soil, and constructing a soil seed bank. Wherein the seeds of the same life type are 1 by weight: 1, mixing, namely mixing arbor, shrub, herb and vine seeds according to a weight ratio of 2:3:9:2, mixing; in the traditional technology for repairing the zone B, a plurality of repairing species commonly used in the practical case of repairing the ionic rare earth mine are selected to construct a soil seed bank of the zone B according to the species number, living type, seed mixing proportion and seed sowing quantity of the zone C.
The repair species for repairing the B region by the traditional technology in the embodiment of the invention are as follows: arbor: eucalyptus, sweetgum, and lotus; shrubs: rhododendron, ramie, lespedeza, sapium sebiferum, huang Ruimu and capsicum annuum; herbs: baixi grass, pig's dung, broadleaf paspalum, dicranopteris pedata, alfalfa, vetiver grass, round leaf abalone shell, coltsfoot grass and pokeberry; vine: chinaroot greenbrier rhizome.
Constructing an artificial algal moss crust: at the surface of the tailing soil in the C area, the surface of the tailing soil is 6 multiplied by 10 12 cell/m 2 Spraying chlorella-based algae liquid at a dosage of 250g/m 2 Moss is paved in the amount.
And (3) post-curing: the first week of repair was performed at a daily rate of 4L/m 2 Watering with the amountEvery day after the second week according to the volume of 2L/m 2 Watering the water in the dosage, and naturally precipitating after one month; after the restoration is carried out for 15 days, reseeding is carried out on the B area according to the actual growth condition of the plants, and the C area has good plant growth and is not reseeded; 25g/m after one month of repair 2 The compound fertilizer is added in the dosage, and then maintenance is not carried out.
The physical and chemical properties of the soil of the unrepaired area A, the repaired area B by the traditional technology and the combined ecological restoration area C above and below ground after one year are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 physical and chemical Properties of soil in each repair mode
As can be seen from the data in the table, the water content and TN, TP, TOC, NO of the overground and underground combined ecological restoration C region adopting the method of the embodiment of the invention 3 N, AP, AK, MBC is significantly higher than the unrepaired region A and the conventional art repaired region B.
Referring to fig. 5, the coverage of the overground and underground combined ecological restoration C area by adopting the method of the embodiment of the invention reaches 95%, which is obviously higher than that of the restoration B area by 84% in the prior art.
Referring to fig. 6, the total plant biomass of the overground and underground combined ecological restoration C area adopting the method of the embodiment of the invention is improved by about 25% compared with the total plant biomass of the restoration B area by the traditional technology.
Referring to fig. 7, the soil fertility of the above-ground and underground combined ecological restoration C area and the restoration B area of the traditional technology by adopting the method of the embodiment of the invention are obviously improved to reach the level II in the soil fertility grading standard of the soil fertility diagnosis and evaluation of arable land in southern area (NY/T1749-2009) issued by the Ministry of agriculture, but the soil fertility index of the above-ground and underground combined ecological restoration C area is obviously higher than that of the restoration B area of the traditional technology, and is improved by about 16%; unrepaired area soil is still at grade iii level.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (9)
1. The on-site and underground combined ecological restoration method for the ionic rare earth tailings is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Screening of repair species: selecting dominant species of each layer of arbor, shrub, grass and vine in a region similar to the environmental condition of a rare earth mining area to be repaired in a local range, carrying out potting experiments, and screening out repair species;
(2) Rhizosphere growth promoting bacterium screening: extracting and screening growth promoting bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from dominant plant rhizosphere soil near a rare earth mining area to be repaired to form a composite growth promoting functional bacterial group, and culturing to prepare a composite growth promoting functional bacterial agent;
(3) Soil improvement: spreading lime on the surface of the tailing soil to be repaired, and turning over and ploughing into the soil; applying decomposed organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer and red soil on the tailing soil after one week, and ploughing into the soil;
(4) Inoculating growth promoting bacteria: the compound growth promoting functional microbial inoculum and seeds are sowed together or ploughed into soil together with decomposed organic fertilizer by a mixed mode;
(5) Constructing a soil seed bank: mixing the seeds of the screened repair species according to a certain proportion, then sowing the seeds on tailing soil, covering a layer of thin soil, and constructing an artificial soil seed library containing multiple living types and multiple species;
(6) Constructing algae moss biological crust: uniformly spraying algae liquid on the surface of the tailing soil, arranging moss on the surface of the tailing soil, and keeping the soil at a certain humidity;
(7) And (3) post-curing: watering, thinning/reseeding and topdressing at regular intervals.
2. The method for the combined ecological restoration of the ion type rare earth tailings on the earth and underground according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the standard of screening restoration species is r b And r s Are all greater than or equal to 0.8, wherein r b R is the biomass ratio of the same plant in the experimental group and the control group s The ratio of the survival rates of the same plants in the experimental group and the control group.
3. The method for the on-site and underground combined ecological restoration of the ionic rare earth tailings according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), potting experiments are divided into an experiment group and a control group, rare earth tailings soil to be restored with an improver added is used as a matrix in the experiment group, soil in an undeveloped area around the rare earth tailings to be restored is used as a matrix in the control group, the experiment period is three months, and restoration species are selected according to the screening standard after the experiment is finished and according to the plant growth condition; the modifier comprises 1.1-1.3 g lime, 16.8-18.6 g decomposed organic fertilizer, 0.44-0.50 g inorganic fertilizer and 240-260 g red soil.
4. The method for the underground combined ecological restoration of the ionic rare earth tailings, which is disclosed in claim 1, is characterized in that in the step (2), the composite growth promoting functional bacterial agent is one or more of bacterial liquid, powder and particles.
5. The method for the on-site and underground combined ecological restoration of the ionic rare earth tailings according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the addition amount of the organic fertilizer is 0.8-1.2 kg/m 2 The addition amount of the inorganic fertilizer is 0.022-0.030 kg/m 2 100-125 kg/m red soil 2 Lime addition amount is 0.12-0.15 kg/m 2 。
6. The method for the on-site and underground combined ecological restoration of the ionic rare earth tailings, which is characterized in that in the step (4), the liquid composite growth promoting functional microbial inoculum is sown together with seeds by a seed dressing and seed soaking mode, and the powdery composite growth promoting functional microbial inoculum and the granular composite growth promoting functional microbial inoculum are sown together with the seeds by a seed dressing and mixed sowing mode or are ploughed into soil together with a decomposed organic fertilizer by a mixed implementation mode; the addition amount of the composite growth promoting functional bacteria is 5 multiplied by 10 10 ～7×10 10 CFU/m 2 。
7. According to claimThe method for the combined ecological restoration of the ion type rare earth tailings on the ground and underground is characterized in that in the step (5), the seed sowing quantity is 16-24 g/m 2 The mixing proportion of seeds is as follows: species seeds of the same life type are 1 by weight: 1, mixing, wherein arbor, shrub, herb and vine seeds in the artificial soil seed warehouse are prepared by the following components in weight ratio of 2:3:9:2 mixing.
8. The method for the underground combined ecological restoration of the ion type rare earth tailings, according to claim 1, wherein in the step (6), small moss blocks are paved on the surface of the tailings soil in sequence and compacted, or after being sheared, the moss blocks are paved on the tailings soil, and watering is carried out to keep the soil at a proper humidity; the algae dosage in the algae liquid is 4×10 12 ～6×10 12 cell/m 2 The moss laying amount is 150-250 g/m 2 。
9. The method for the combined ecological restoration of the above-ground and below-ground ion type rare earth tailings according to claim 1, wherein in the step (7), the restoration is carried out at a rate of 3-4L/m per day for the first week 2 Watering the mixture in a dosage of 1.5-2L/m each day after the second week 2 Watering the water in the dosage, and naturally precipitating after one month; after the repair is carried out for 15 days, thinning or reseeding/reseeding is carried out according to the growth condition of the plants; after one month of repair, the weight of the repairing agent is 0.020-0.025 kg/m 2 The compound fertilizer is added in the dosage, and then maintenance is not carried out.
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