CN113228872A - Method for repairing acidic black rock stratum slope - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种酸性黑色岩层边坡的修复方法，属于黑色岩层边坡的防止风化与修复措施技术领域。本发明修复方法包括平整边坡、土壤酸性普查、喷射石灰石层、铺设第一种植土层、加入嗜酸性干菌粉、铺设第二种植土层、种植耐性植物、养护管理。本发明可将大部分游离态二价铁、还原态的硫化物消除，并使边坡土体中酸性渗流恢复中性，同时隔绝了边坡黑色页岩岩体与空气的接触，极大地减缓了化学风化作用，从而避免了后续会出现的溶浊、蚀变从及解理裂隙发育的情况所导致的边坡失稳情况，对于边坡上植被的恢复也有极大作用，修复方法不需要大规模土工作业，成本低廉，不会对周围环境造成二次污染。The invention discloses a method for repairing a side slope of an acid black rock formation, and belongs to the technical field of anti-weathering and repairing measures for the side slope of a black rock formation. The restoration method of the invention comprises the steps of leveling the slope, surveying soil acidity, spraying a limestone layer, laying a first planting soil layer, adding acidophilic dry bacteria powder, laying a second planting soil layer, planting tolerant plants, and maintenance and management. The invention can eliminate most of the free ferrous iron and the sulfide in the reduced state, restore the acid seepage in the slope soil to neutrality, and at the same time isolate the contact between the black shale rock mass of the slope and the air, greatly slowing down the Chemical weathering, thus avoiding the subsequent instability of the slope caused by the development of turbidity, alteration, and cleavage fissures. Large-scale soil work, low cost, will not cause secondary pollution to the surrounding environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of weathering prevention and repair measures of black rock slopes, in particular to a method for repairing an acidic black rock slope.
Background
Black rock formations rich in reductive sulfides such as pyrite are widely distributed in China, and acid water and some expansive sulfates are easily generated under the water chemistry effect of dissolved oxygen due to the black rock formations exposed in the atmosphere by constructional movement or human engineering activities. The rapid change of the composition, structure and structure of the rock stratum caused by the acid water not only occurs on the rock stratum per se to cause rock destruction and acidification of the surrounding soil, but also can promote the corrosion of the adjacent rock stratum and the related building materials in the engineering buildings contacted with the rock stratum, so that the problems of ecological environment and slope protection failure are very prominent. Exposed black rock slopes are generally classified into three weathering types: non-weathered, semi-weathered, and fully weathered. In general, the acidity of black rock layer slope soil is mainly related to the content of sulfide minerals mainly comprising pyrite which is dispersed in semi-weathered or non-weathered black shale inside the slope. Atmospheric precipitation or surface water containing dissolved oxygen enters the black rock layer side slope along the geologic body gap and undergoes chemical reaction to generate acid water, so that other constituent minerals or cements in the side slope are easily corroded, the rock structure is further damaged, and the mechanical strength of the whole side slope is deteriorated.
Currently, the mainstream measures for ecological restoration are plant restoration measures based on local tolerant plants, which can grow normally in an environment with a pH value lower than that of ordinary soil. After the pioneer plants are successfully planted and grown, new acid-resistant plants are added properly from the aspect of plant diversity according to the actual situation on site. However, the black rock layer is lack of nutrient substances in weathered or non-weathered states, and the survival rate of plants is low, so that ecological restoration is difficult. In addition, if the side slope is in an undegraded state, no planting soil is available, and the ecological restoration of plants cannot be effectively carried out.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problem that no simple and effective method for repairing the acidic black rock slope exists at present.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for restoring an acidic black rock stratum slope, which comprises the following steps:
s1, flattening a slope surface of a side slope;
s2, carrying out grid division on the slope surface of the side slope, sampling and measuring the pH values of the soil in different areas;
s3, determining the usage amount of an acid neutralizer according to the pH values of the soils in different areas, and laying an acid neutralizing layer;
s4, paving a first planting soil layer on the paved acid neutralization layer;
s5, uniformly scattering dry bacterium powder on the first planting soil layer, wherein the dry bacterium powder comprises thiobacillus ferrooxidans, pseudomonas and thiobacillus thiooxidans;
s6, laying a second planting soil layer;
and S7, selecting the plants with strong tolerance to recover the vegetation.
Preferably, S2 uses five-point sampling, i.e. sampling in the four corners and the center of each grid, to ensure that the PH of the soil sample has certain representativeness.
Preferably, the sampling depth of S2 is 15 cm-20 cm.
Preferably, the S3 acid neutralizer is limestone.
Preferably, the S4 first planting soil layer is nutrient soil containing organic matters and weakly alkaline plant ash.
Preferably, the weight ratio of S5 Thiobacillus ferrooxidans to Pseudomonas to Thiobacillus thiooxidans is 2-4: 0-4: 2 to 5.
Preferably, the thickness of the S6 second planting soil layer is 100-120 mm.
Preferably, the S6 second planting soil layer is nutrient soil containing organic matters and humus.
Preferably, after the dry fungus powder is uniformly scattered on the first planting soil layer, a thin mud layer is laid firstly, and then the second planting soil layer is laid.
Preferably, the thickness of the thin slurry layer is controlled to be 3-4 cm.
Preferably, a layer of plant debris is spread after the S7 plant is planted.
The beneficial effects produced by the invention are as follows:
the invention provides a method for repairing a black side slope, which can effectively prevent the weathering process of the black side slope, and can consume acid pore water and sulfur compounds in the weathered side slope through acidophilic bacteria, thereby preventing the surface layer from continuously weathering and entering the pores to generate acid pore water when meeting water, neutralizing the generated acid water and well protecting the integral structure of the side slope;
the invention takes the oxidation reaction generated by the contact of ferrous sulfide component with air and surface water containing dissolved oxygen to generate acid as the main entry point, solves the problem of acid generation from the source, and simultaneously avoids the subsequent corrosion and dissolution phenomena caused by the entry of acid water into the interior, thereby protecting the internal structure of the side slope;
the invention provides a sulfur-containing black slope acid improvement and vegetation recovery method, which has no large amount of geotechnical operation, can be formed at one time by engineering, cannot influence and pollute a slope surface, and can quickly recover surface vegetation while isolating black rocks from air contact and oxidizing by utilizing soil layers and other layers.
Detailed Description
The repairing process of the invention carries out surface layer laying according to a certain sequence, and the principle is as follows: since the black rock slopes are prone to efflorescence and generate acidic pore water, in order to maximize the effect of neutralizing acidic water, it is necessary to bring the neutralizing layer into direct contact with the slopes; the effects of different planting soil layers are different, the first planting soil layer mainly plays a role of a buffer zone, is required for plant growth and provides a better initial growth condition for bacteria, and the second planting soil layer mainly plays a role of planting; and the dry fungus powder is arranged between the first planting soil layer and the second planting soil layer, so that a buffer zone effect can be provided for the initial growth of the strains to the desulfurization acidophilic, and the effect of the strains can be better exerted.
As a preferred embodiment, after the dry fungus powder is uniformly scattered on the first planting soil layer, the thin mud layer is laid first, and then the second planting soil layer is laid, so that the ferrous sulfide and air can be isolated from oxidation reaction, and the thin mud layer can provide water required in the growth of the strains.
The dry bacterial powder is scattered in the first planting soil layer, and can consume acidic sulfides generated on the original side slope before construction to restore the normal pH value of the side slope.
In order to achieve a better effect of slope restoration, the composition of the dry bacterial powder is further adjusted according to black rock slopes with different weathering degrees, and pseudomonas is added or not added to the fully weathered slope dry bacterial powder. The dry fungus powder adopted by the invention repairs the side slope through the following two aspects: 1. the desulfurization process is accelerated, and then the neutralization layer is immediately utilized to neutralize acidity, so that the situation that the acidic water formed by the neutralization layer is corroded and dissolved to damage the safety of the slope structure is prevented; 2. the acidophilic activity of the strain is used to consume a part of the acidic compounds. By adding the dry bacterium powder and adjusting the composition of the dry bacterium powder, the subsequent corrosion, dissolution and other adverse phenomena of the black rock slope caused by acidity can be effectively improved.
The invention also utilizes the surface plant debris layer to prevent water and soil loss caused by rainfall at the initial stage of plant growth, and can be used as organic matter as a fertilizer for plant growth; the selected plant species comprise drought soil acid-resistant plants and wet soil acid-resistant plants, and can adapt to different climatic environments, so that the vegetation can achieve the landscape effect of the side slope after recovery.
And (4) carrying out growth maintenance and management on the planted plants, and particularly, appropriately reseeding according to the growth conditions of the vegetation seeds in the later period to ensure the diversity requirement.
Example 1
The method comprises the following steps of performing acid improvement and vegetation restoration on a black rock slope in a completely weathered state:
s1, leveling the slope according to the landform of the side slope and the design construction drawing, and ensuring that the whole slope to be constructed has no obvious protrusion and depression;
s2, grid division is carried out on the slope surface of the side slope, soil samples with the depth of 15 cm-20 cm are uniformly mixed in each divided square grid, sampling in the grids is carried out by adopting five-point sampling, namely sampling in four corners and the center of each grid, the pH value of the soil sample is ensured to have certain representativeness, and the acidity strength of the soil in each grid area is obtained after the pH value is measured;
s3, determining the usage amount of the acid neutralizing agent (limestone powder) in each area according to the pH value obtained in the step S2, and then starting spraying a limestone powder surface layer as an acid neutralizing layer;
s4, paving a first planting soil layer on the paved limestone powder surface layer, wherein the planting soil layer is nutrient soil containing organic matters and weakly alkaline plant ash;
s5, uniformly scattering dry bacterium powder on the first planting soil layer, wherein the dry bacterium powder consists of thiobacillus ferrooxidans and thiobacillus thiooxidans, the weight ratio of the thiobacillus ferrooxidans to the thiobacillus thiooxidans is 4:5, both the thiobacillus ferrooxidans and the pseudomonas are acidophilic bacteria, and the thiobacillus ferrooxidans can oxidize ferrous iron, oxidized element sulfur and reduced sulfur compounds, so that the added dry bacterium powder can effectively improve the subsequent corrosion, dissolution and other adverse phenomena of the black rock slope caused by acid water;
s6, spraying a thin mud layer and then paving a second planting soil layer, wherein the soil composition of the second planting soil layer is the same as that of the first planting soil layer;
s7, selecting plants with strong tolerance under the requirement of plant diversity to recover vegetation, and spreading a layer of plant debris after the plants are planted to reduce the soil loss caused by rainfall, wherein the planted plants are grass, citronella, green bristlegrass, oat grass and alfalfa;
and S8, carrying out growth maintenance and management on the planted plants, and appropriately replanting according to the growth condition of the vegetation seeds in the later period to ensure the diversity requirement.
After the plants are planted for half a year, the growth condition of the plants is better, and the coverage rate of the whole side slope reaches more than 60%. Taking a soil sample with the depth of 15CM to 25CM from the side slope, wherein the soil sample is weakly acidic, and the content of acidic sulfur compounds is greatly reduced compared with that before improvement; after the plants are planted for one year, the growth condition of the plants is good, the coverage rate is more than 90%, the phenomena of water accumulation, water burst and the like do not occur on the slope surface after the plants are subjected to a plurality of rainfall fields, and the pH values of the first planting layer and the second planting layer are in a normal level; the problem of endogenous acid water erosion and dissolution of the black side slope is solved under the action of the bacterial powder, the limestone powder and the plant root system, and the air is isolated from the soil by utilizing the upper vegetation, so that the black rock stratum is prevented from weathering and producing acid. The acid improvement and vegetation restoration effects of the side slope are obvious.
Example 2
The method comprises the following steps of performing acid improvement and vegetation restoration on a black rock slope in a semi-weathered state:
s1, leveling the slope according to the landform of the side slope and the design construction drawing to ensure that the whole slope to be constructed has no obvious protrusion and depression;
s2, grid division is carried out on the slope surface of the slope, soil samples with the depth of 15 cm-20 cm are uniformly mixed in each divided square grid, sampling in the grids is carried out by adopting five-point sampling, namely sampling in the four corners and the center of each grid, the PH value of the soil sample has certain representativeness, and the acidity intensity of the soil in each grid area is obtained after the PH value is measured;
s3, determining the usage amount of the acid neutralizing agent (limestone powder) in each area according to the pH value obtained in the step S2, and then starting spraying a limestone powder surface layer as an acid neutralizing layer;
s4, paving a first planting soil layer on the paved limestone powder surface layer, wherein the planting soil layer is nutrient soil containing organic matters and weakly alkaline plant ash;
s5, uniformly scattering dry bacterium powder on the first planting soil layer, wherein the dry bacterium powder consists of thiobacillus ferrooxidans, pseudomonas and thiobacillus thiooxidans, the weight ratio of the thiobacillus ferrooxidans to the pseudomonas powder to the thiobacillus thiooxidans is 3:4:4, the thiobacillus ferrooxidans and the pseudomonas are acidophilic bacteria, and the thiobacillus ferrooxidans can oxidize ferrous iron, sulfur oxide and a reducing sulfur compound, so that the added dry bacterium powder can effectively improve the subsequent corrosion, dissolution and other adverse phenomena of the black rock slope due to acidity;
s6, spraying a thin mud layer and then paving a second planting soil layer, wherein the soil composition of the second planting soil layer is the same as that of the first planting soil layer;
s7, selecting plants with strong tolerance under the requirement of plant diversity to recover vegetation, and spreading a layer of plant debris after the plants are planted to reduce the soil loss caused by rainfall, wherein the planted plants are grass, citronella, green bristlegrass, oat grass and alfalfa;
and S8, carrying out growth maintenance and management on the planted plants, and appropriately replanting according to the growth condition of the vegetation seeds in the later period to ensure the diversity requirement.
After the plants are planted for half a year, the growth condition of the plants is better, and the coverage rate of the whole side slope reaches more than 70%. Taking a soil sample with the depth of 10CM to 20CM from the slope, wherein the soil sample is neutral and the content of acidic sulfur compounds is very low; after the plants are planted for one year, the growth condition of the plants is good, the coverage rate is more than 90%, the phenomena of water accumulation, water burst and the like do not occur on the slope surface after the plants are subjected to a plurality of rainfall fields, and the pH values of the first planting layer and the second planting layer are at normal levels; the problem of endogenous acid water erosion and dissolution of the black side slope is solved under the action of the bacterial powder, the limestone powder and the plant root system, and the air is isolated from the soil by utilizing the upper vegetation, so that the black rock stratum is prevented from weathering and producing acid. The acid improvement and vegetation restoration effects of the side slope are obvious.
Example 3
The method comprises the following steps of performing acid improvement and vegetation restoration on a black rock slope in an unvulcanized state:
s1, leveling the slope according to the landform of the side slope and the design construction drawing to ensure that the whole slope to be constructed has no obvious protrusion and depression;
and S2, carrying out grid division on the slope surface of the slope, uniformly mixing soil samples with the depth of 15-20 cm in each divided square grid, and sampling in the grids by adopting five-point sampling, namely sampling in the four corners and the center of each grid, so as to ensure that the pH value of the soil sample has certain representativeness. Measuring the pH value to obtain the acidity intensity of the soil in each square area;
s3, determining the usage amount of the acid neutralizing agent (limestone powder) in each area according to the pH value obtained in the step S2, and then starting spraying a limestone powder surface layer as an acid neutralizing layer;
s4, paving a first planting soil layer on the paved limestone powder surface layer, wherein the planting soil layer is nutrient soil containing organic matters and weakly alkaline plant ash;
s5, uniformly scattering dry bacterium powder on the first planting soil layer, wherein the dry bacterium powder consists of thiobacillus ferrooxidans, pseudomonas and thiobacillus thiooxidans, the weight ratio of the thiobacillus ferrooxidans to the pseudomonas powder to the thiobacillus thiooxidans is 2:1:2, the thiobacillus ferrooxidans and the pseudomonas are acidophilic bacteria, and the thiobacillus ferrooxidans can oxidize ferrous iron, sulfur oxide and a reducing sulfur compound, and the added dry bacterium powder can effectively improve the subsequent corrosion, dissolution and other adverse phenomena of the black rock slope due to acidity;
s6, spraying a thin mud layer and then paving a second planting soil layer, wherein the soil composition of the second planting soil layer is the same as that of the first planting soil layer;
s7, selecting plants with strong tolerance under the requirement of plant diversity to recover vegetation, and spreading a layer of plant debris after the plants are planted to reduce the soil loss caused by rainfall, wherein the planted plants are grass, citronella, green bristlegrass, oat grass and alfalfa;
and S8, carrying out growth maintenance and management on the planted plants. And (4) appropriately replanting according to the growth condition of the vegetation seeds in the later period, and ensuring the diversity requirement.
After the plants are planted for half a year, the growth condition of the plants is better, and the coverage rate of the whole side slope reaches more than 90 percent. The content of the acidic sulfur compounds and the vegetation are kept at an extremely low level before recovery, and the side slope is not affected; after the plants are planted for one year, the growth condition of the plants is good, the coverage rate is more than 95%, the phenomena of water accumulation, water burst and the like do not occur on the slope surface after the plants are subjected to a plurality of rainfall fields, and the pH values of the first planting layer and the second planting layer are in a normal level; the air is isolated by utilizing the upper vegetation, the planting soil layer and the limestone powder layer, so that the acid production caused by weathering of the black rock layer is prevented. The vegetation recovery effect of the side slope is obvious.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific/preferred embodiments and is not intended to limit the practice of the invention to those descriptions. Several alternatives or modifications to the described embodiments may be made without departing from the inventive concept and such alternatives or modifications should be considered as falling within the scope of the present invention.
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Application publication date: 20210810 |