CN109673279A - A kind of vegetation cropping pattern controlling the soil erosion of coal gangue hill reclaimed land - Google Patents
A kind of vegetation cropping pattern controlling the soil erosion of coal gangue hill reclaimed land Download PDFInfo
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- CN109673279A CN109673279A CN201710868784.3A CN201710868784A CN109673279A CN 109673279 A CN109673279 A CN 109673279A CN 201710868784 A CN201710868784 A CN 201710868784A CN 109673279 A CN109673279 A CN 109673279A
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Abstract
The technical solution that the present invention uses in order to solve the technical problem is a kind of vegetation cropping pattern for controlling the soil erosion of coal gangue hill reclaimed land, coal gangue hill reclaimed land lower slope section miscegenation shrub, upward slope section mongrel plants Qiao Guan, the shrub of miscegenation includes Bermuda grass and shrub lespedeza, the Qiao Guan that mongrel is planted includes wet-land pine tree and sweetgum, the following steps are included: the shaping shape of coal gangue hill is transformed, earthing applies fertilizer for concrete operations, in the lower slope section of the improved coal gangue hill reclaimed land of shaping, Bermuda grass and shrub lespedeza are planted；Upward slope section mongrel plants wet-land pine tree and sweetgum, the present invention uses the mining area hillock restoration of the ecosystem Vegetation pattern of " lower slope section shrub companion planting-upward slope section Qiao Guan is mixed to be handed over ", the net flow of mining area side slope can effectively be slowed down, slow down the loss of this area's soil nutrient, contain the soil erosion on waste heap reclamation ground, and the soil erosion control method of the side slope, effect is lasting, economical and practical.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the scientific domains of environment remediation, are related to a kind of ecological restoring method of discarded coal field, especially relate to
And the vegetation cropping pattern and corresponding implantation methods of the soil erosion control of the coal gangue hill reclaimed land of coal field.
Background technique
Coal is always domestic main energy sources, still accounts for 65% or more in the disposable energy so far, coal is equally state
Inside one of mineral resources more abundant, coal resources in China prognostic reserves have 5.9 trillion tons, and there is coal storage in national each province
Amount.However, domestic coal mining long history, mining rate is big, some coal mine illegal productions, unauthorized and wasteful mining ignore in addition
Environmental protection in progress of coal mining, numerous gangues, slag are piled into mountain, form the discarded ground of coal field it is barren it
Ground.
Gangue is the waste mined and washed, be discharged during coal separation, is largely deposited directly on earth's surface, not only occupies
Soil, sulfide evolution or leaching therein can pollute atmosphere, farmland and water body.Coal gangue hill can also spontaneous combustion occur fire, or
In rainy season avalanche, silts river up and cause disaster.Coal gangue hill has the characteristics that high osmosis, low vapo(u)rability, and rainfall will lead to coal
The soil erosion of hillock, resource are largely lost.
Currently, for the spatial and temporal distributions of the erosion caused by sloping surfaces studies have shown that production miscarriage and sand of the upward slope section by rain drop erosion will
The amount of weathering of lower slope section is aggravated, the soil erosion of lower slope section is generally more serious than upward slope section, and the life of existing Mine Abandoned Land
State recovery technique, using single Qiao Guan or shrub companion planting mode, not according to the soil erosion situation and money of coal gangue hill side slope
The reasonable cultivated plant of source distribution, and Effect of Ecological Restoration is relatively poor, benefit is held time shorter.
Summary of the invention
To overcome above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention provides a kind of vegetation plantation for controlling the soil erosion of coal gangue hill reclaimed land
Mode, the loss for the soil nutrient that the soil erosion of coal gangue hill can be effectively controlled in this method and soil erosion is brought, and effect
It is significant lasting, it is economical and practical.
The present invention is to solve the technical solution that uses of the technical problem as a kind of control coal gangue hill reclaimed land water and soil stream
The vegetation cropping pattern of mistake, coal gangue hill reclaimed land lower slope section miscegenation shrub, upward slope section mongrel plant Qiao Guan, the shrub packet of miscegenation
Include Bermuda grass and shrub lespedeza, the Qiao Guan that mongrel is planted includes wet-land pine tree and sweetgum, concrete operations the following steps are included:
(1), according to the gradient size of coal gangue hill, the transformation of shaping shape is carried out to coal gangue hill；
(2), on the surface of the improved coal gangue hill of shaping shape, the flyash and clay mixture of 15~30cm are covered
And compacting is flattened, cover the planting soil of 60~80cm afterwards and flattens compacting；
(3), apply inorganic fertilizer and compounding application organic fertilizer to the planting soil after smooth compacting；
(4), in the lower slope section of the improved coal gangue hill of shaping shape, Bermuda grass and shrub lespedeza are planted；Bermuda grass uses
Ecological vegetation carpet breeding, the ecological vegetation carpet of the seed containing Bermuda grass are layed in coal gangue hill lower slope section；It is excavated in slope surface several
Diameter 30cm, the vertical-horizontal of deep 30~40cm transplant cave, each transplanting cave 0.8~1.0m of spacing, 1.0~1.5m of line-spacing, choosing
Select the good shrub lespedeza strong sprout of root system, cutting strunk plant, 1~2 plant of every dibbling seedling, watering and earthing soil moisture conservation after transplanting；
(5), in the upward slope section of the improved coal gangue hill of shaping shape, mixed friendship sweetgum and wet-land pine tree is planted, plant is planted
Away from 2m × 1m, transplanting cave specification is 50cm × 50cm × 50cm, transplants sweetgum and one Nian Miao of wet-land pine tree, and cutting strunk plant has been transplanted
Cheng Hou covers one layer of loose plant soil on tree well；
35 ° of gradient > of coal gangue hill is transformed using the method for band site preparation for shaping shape transformation in step (1)
For halfpace form；The coal gangue hill of the gradient≤35 ° can directly carry out next step, without carrying out shaping shape transformation.
It is horizontal at above-mentioned halfpace form, that is, band site preparation to band, at platform-like, wide 2m, horizontal difference between platform
3m, and slope is cut to the gradient≤35 °.
The flyash of flyash and clay mixture in step (2) and the ratio of clay are 3:7.
Inorganic fertilizer in step (3) includes N, P, K fertilizer；Organic fertilizer includes straw, hay etc..
The plantation mixis ratio of wet-land pine tree and sweetgum in step (5) is 1:1, the mixed mixed friendship between being configured to strain handed over.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: use the mining area hillock of " lower slope section shrub companion planting-upward slope section Qiao Guan is mixed to be handed over "
Restoration of the ecosystem Vegetation pattern can effectively slow down the net flow of mine hillock slope surface, contain the loss of this area's soil nutrient, slow down
The soil erosion on waste heap reclamation ground.Meanwhile the soil erosion control method of the hillock, effect is lasting, economical and practical.
Specific embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention will be described in further detail below.
Embodiment 1: the present invention is in coal field discarded ground specific embodiment
The ecological recovery example of the coal gangue hill of Jiangxi Province, iron-stone mouth town, Xinfeng County Coalmine Wasteland, specifically includes following
Step:
(1), the coal gangue hill that the gradient in ground is 38 ° is discarded to coal field and carries out the transformation of shaping shape, with excavator pair
Coal gangue hill ingoing silver band site preparation, cut it is horizontal at the site preparation to band of slope, at platform-like, wide 2m, horizontal difference 3m between band, the gradient
30 °, transformation forms the gangue of halfpace form, realizes the land reclamation of coal gangue hill；
(2), on the surface of the improved coal gangue hill of shaping shape, the flyash and clay mixture of 20cm, powder are covered
The ratio of coal ash and clay is 3:7, is flattened and is tamped using road roller, is planted in flyash containing a large amount of water solubility Si, Ca, Mg, P etc.
Nutrient necessary to object can be used as fertilizer, while this layer of overburden soil can completely cut off the heat of gangue, prevent gangue oneself
Combustion；The planting soil for covering 20cm afterwards, is equally flattened with road roller and is tamped, which is repeated 3 times, and covers the kind of overall thickness 80cm
Planting soil；
(3), the coal gangue hill after earthing builds gutter, collects rainwater, prevents rainwater from making coal to earthing normal erosion
Spoil is again exposed, influences vegetation in the normal growth at the initial stage of transplanting；
(3), to after smooth compacting planting soil apply N, P, K inorganic fertilizer and planting soil surface cover straw and
Hay serves as organic fertilizer and prevents soil from being corroded；
(4), using the half of the projection length of grade of coal gangue hill as boundary, coal gangue hill is divided into upward slope section and lower slope section；
(5), in the lower slope section of the improved coal gangue hill of shaping, Bermuda grass and shrub lespedeza are planted；Bermuda grass uses ecology
Vegetation blanket breeding, the ecological vegetation carpet of the seed containing Bermuda grass are layed in coal gangue hill lower slope section；Several diameters are excavated in slope surface
The vertical-horizontal of 30cm, deep 30cm transplant cave, and each transplanting cave spacing 1.0m, line-spacing 1.5m select the good shrub lespedeza of root system
Strong sprout, cutting strunk plant, 1~2 plant of every dibbling seedling, watering and earthing soil moisture conservation after transplanting；Transplanting is using " three bury two step on one mention seedling "
Shrub lespedeza strong sprout is placed on transplanting cave center, is first filled into several planting soils, then gradually doses wind by method that is, in plant
The gangue particle of change when filling out half, nursery stock is gently mentioned, then gently steady and sure with foot, keeps nursery stock root and soil abundant
In conjunction with finally remaining weathering gangue particle being filled into cave, then cover appropriate planting soil, and stand solid with their feet；
(5), in the upward slope section of the improved coal gangue hill of shaping, mixed friendship sweetgum and wet-land pine tree, ratio 1:1, strain are planted
Between mix and hand over, plant seeding row spacing 2m × 1m, transplanting cave specification is 50cm × 50cm × 50cm, transplanting sweetgum and one Nian Miao of wet-land pine tree,
Cutting strunk plant, transplanting after the completion of plant, cover one layer of loose plant using the method for " three bury two step on one mention seedling " on tree well
Soil；
(6), conventional management is carried out to the reclaimed land of coal gangue hill, appropriate watering, top dressing prevent and treat pest and disease damage in time, control
The interspecies competition of wet-land pine tree and sweetgum processed, appropriate period can intermediate cutting, mitigate inter-species contradiction.
The present invention uses the Vegetation pattern of " lower slope section shrub companion planting-upward slope section Qiao Guan is mixed to be handed over ", this is because lower slope section is native
Earth corrodes seriously, can not adapt to the growth requirement of arbor in a short time, the configuration of shrub and Qiao Guan more have the molding and resource of vegetation
Reasonable utilization.In addition, the various nutritional quality scores in gangue are all higher than earthing, suitable plant species is selected, covering is suitable
When the soil of thickness, the quick-acting ingredients in gangue can be effectively drawn, for accelerating the ecological recovery of hillock most important.
Embodiment 2: the method for different Vegetation pattern control coal gangue hill soil erosions
7 sample prescriptions are selected in experiment hillside fields, build 1 hillslope processes in each sample prescription, plot area 20m × 5m is small
Area's surrounding is surrounded with cement plate, 2 runoff buckets is connected under each cell, for collecting and measuring runoff muddy water sample.Research ground sample
Square property list is shown in Table 1.
The sample prescription characteristic on the research of table 1 ground
During experiment after (March~June) one rainfall event, by each hillslope processes dust-collecting bucket runoff and silt sufficiently stir
It is even, 1000mL mixed sample is taken, finds out sediment content after precipitating, run-off is to measure water in dust-collecting bucket after one rainfall event
Reading；The measuring method of soil nutrient includes: sulfuric acid, potassium dichromate oxidation-volumetric determination organic matter, the measurement of alkaline hydrolysis diffusion method
Degradation nitrogen, the rapid available phosphorus after the extraction of molybdenum antimony colorimetric method for determining, the available potassium after flame spectrophotometric determination extraction, related experiment result
It is shown in Table 2 and table 3.
Influence of the different Vegetative restoration patterns of table 2 to soil erosion amount
| Sample prescription | Soil total amount of erosion (tkm-2) | Erosion amount reduces (%) than bare area |
| 1 | 173.8 | 142.92 |
| 2 | 199.5 | 111.63 |
| 3 | 223 | 89.33 |
| 4 | 250.6 | 68.48 |
| 5 | 270.1 | 56.31 |
| 6 | 256 | 64.92 |
| 7 | 422.2 | - |
Reduction ratio of the different Vegetative restoration patterns of table 3 with respect to bare area nutrient flow vector
As shown in Table 2, each Vegetation pattern has certain relaxation effect, sample prescription to the soil erosion of coal gangue hill reclaimed land
1 pair of coal gangue hill reclaimed land erosion control effect is obvious, and the reduction of erosion amount is up to 140%, and sample prescription 2 is with respect to the control of sample prescription 1
Erosiveness is weaker；The soil erosion on whole slope controls Vegetation pattern, and effect is poor compared to the Vegetation pattern of segmentation, corrodes and reduces
Amount is below 90%；In the mode that Qiao Guan mongrel is planted, wet-land pine tree and the mixed control erosion effect handed over of sweetgum are better than other forms.
As shown in Table 3, shrub lespedeza and Bermuda grass are weaker to the absorbability of rapid available phosphorus and available potassium, and wet-land pine tree and sweetgum
Mixed friendship can be effectively controlled the loss of rapid available phosphorus and available potassium, but its organic matter does not possess ability relative to shrub mode seriously not
Foot, the two can have preferable control loss ability under the Vegetation pattern of side slope segmentation plant to each nutrient.
Gangue can be effectively controlled using the Vegetation pattern of " lower slope section shrub companion planting-upward slope section Qiao Guan is mixed to be handed over " in the present invention
The soil amount of weathering of mountain reclaimed land, though the Mixed species of single shrub or Qiao Guan possess ability in individual nutritients type
It is weaker, but the Vegetation pattern of shrub-Qiao Guan can effectively make up the deficiency of single individual capability, effectively control reclaimed land soil nutrient
Loss.
The above only expresses the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but can not be because
This and be interpreted as limitations on the scope of the patent of the present invention.It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art,
Under the premise of not departing from present inventive concept, several deformations can also be made, improves and substitutes, these belong to protection of the invention
Range.Therefore, the scope of protection of the patent of the invention shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of vegetation cropping pattern for controlling the soil erosion of coal gangue hill reclaimed land, it is characterised in that: coal gangue hill reclaimed land
Lower slope section miscegenation shrub, upward slope section mongrel plant Qiao Guan.
2. a kind of vegetation cropping pattern for controlling the soil erosion of coal gangue hill reclaimed land according to claim 1, feature
Be: the shrub of miscegenation includes Bermuda grass and shrub lespedeza, and the Qiao Guan that mongrel is planted includes wet-land pine tree and sweetgum.
3. a kind of vegetation cropping pattern for controlling the soil erosion of coal gangue hill reclaimed land according to claim 1 or 2, special
Sign is: planting process the following steps are included:
(1), according to the gradient size of coal gangue hill, the transformation of shaping shape is carried out to coal gangue hill；
(2), on the surface of the improved coal gangue hill of shaping shape, the flyash and clay mixture of 15~30cm of covering are simultaneously whole
It is flat；Planting soil and the leveling of 60~80cm are covered afterwards；
(3), apply inorganic fertilizer and compounding application organic fertilizer to the planting soil after smooth compacting；
(4), in the lower slope section of the improved coal gangue hill reclaimed land of shaping shape, miscegenation Bermuda grass and shrub lespedeza；
(5), in the upward slope section of the improved coal gangue hill reclaimed land of shaping shape, mongrel plants wet-land pine tree and sweetgum.
4. a kind of vegetation cropping pattern for controlling the soil erosion of coal gangue hill reclaimed land according to claim 3, feature
Be: the shaping shape transformation in step (1) transform 35 ° of gradient > of coal gangue hill as ladder using the method for band site preparation
Platform form.
5. a kind of vegetation cropping pattern for controlling the soil erosion of coal gangue hill reclaimed land according to claim 3, feature
It is: it is horizontal at halfpace form i.e. band site preparation to band, at platform-like, wide 2m, horizontal difference 3m between platform, and cut slope extremely
The gradient≤35 °.
6. a kind of vegetation cropping pattern for controlling the soil erosion of coal gangue hill reclaimed land according to claim 3, feature
Be: the ratio of the flyash of flyash and clay mixture in step (2) and clay is 3:7.
7. a kind of vegetation cropping pattern for controlling the soil erosion of coal gangue hill reclaimed land according to claim 3, feature
Be: the inorganic fertilizer in step (3) includes N, P, K fertilizer；Straw, hay are as organic fertilizer.
8. a kind of vegetation cropping pattern for controlling the soil erosion of coal gangue hill reclaimed land according to claim 3, feature
Be: the mongrel plant ratio of wet-land pine tree and sweetgum in step (5) is 1:1, the mixed mixed friendship between being configured to strain handed over.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110710409A (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2020-01-21 | 阳泉煤业（集团）股份有限公司 | Vegetation recovery method for acid coal gangue dump |
| CN110820767A (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-02-21 | 神华包头能源有限责任公司 | Waste rock mountain abandoning construction method based on ecological restoration and water and soil conservation |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110710409A (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2020-01-21 | 阳泉煤业（集团）股份有限公司 | Vegetation recovery method for acid coal gangue dump |
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| CN110820767A (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-02-21 | 神华包头能源有限责任公司 | Waste rock mountain abandoning construction method based on ecological restoration and water and soil conservation |
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Application publication date: 20190426 |