CN110036832A - A kind of Qinghai-Tibet Platean ore mining traces revegetation method - Google Patents
A kind of Qinghai-Tibet Platean ore mining traces revegetation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110036832A CN110036832A CN201811585603.7A CN201811585603A CN110036832A CN 110036832 A CN110036832 A CN 110036832A CN 201811585603 A CN201811585603 A CN 201811585603A CN 110036832 A CN110036832 A CN 110036832A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The present invention relates to ore mining traces technology for recovering vegetation field, and in particular to a kind of Qinghai-Tibet Platean ore mining traces revegetation method.Specific steps include: the arrangement of matrix landforms, the improvement of matrix, vegetation establishment and management.The advantages of the method for the present invention are as follows: sowing kind is suitable for high altitude localities, cultivation maturing rate height close with periphery vegetation environmental；Type of seeding is simple, adheres to adaptation to local conditions, gathers materials on the spot, and achievees the purpose that ecological environment treatment, and then a kind of with the providing Qinghai-Tibet ore mining traces method of revegetation；Top dressing in the base manure and management process of initial stages of restoration with ensure that Qinghai-Tibet ore mining the traces survival rate of vegetation and good growth vigor in revegetation；The mixed seeding of plateau herbage builds group conducive to stabilization, provides the meadow Agent Construction Management Mode of a variety of demands.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ore mining traces technology for recovering vegetation field, and in particular to plant to a kind of Qinghai-Tibet Platean ore mining traces
The method being resumed.
Background technique
Ore mining abandons ground and refers to the non-soil not being available through administering destroyed by mining activity, can according to its source
It is divided into three types: first is that accumulating the discarded ground of the hillock formed by the barren rock and poor value of the surface soil, exploitation removed；Two
It is a large amount of mined out region and subsidence area formed with mineral mining, i.e. ground is discarded in exploitation hole；Third is that utilizing various sorting sides
Method sub-elects the residue after concentrate object and discharges the Disused tailing land to be formed.
Influence along with the Mining Wasteland of exploitation of mineral resources to environment be it is various, broken to Landscape
Bad, occupying to pollution and the influence in animals and plants habitat of environment etc. to land resource.Mining Wasteland is to ecological environment
Harm mainly has: (1) change of Landscape: destruction way of the mode to soil although strip mining transformation and two class of underground mining are dug up mine
Diameter, degree and mode difference, but all inevitably cause the change of Landscape.(2) a large amount of land resource is occupied: outdoor
Occupied land area of digging up mine is about as much as 5 times of stope area or more.(3) generation environment pollutes: in mining wastes
Acidity, alkalinity, toxicity or heavy metal component, by runoff and Atmospheric Diffusion can contaminant water, atmosphere, soil and biotic environment,
Range of its region influenced considerably beyond mining area.(4) surface collapse and Tectonic earthquake: mining industry is to the strong of geologic structure
Disturbance, is either being exploited or obsolete mine has the danger for generating surface collapse and Tectonic earthquake.(5) to biocoene
Destruction: can be it is frequently observed that biocoene can be caused by surveying the disturbance of earth's surface caused by mine, mining and underground in field
Very big harm, and many things are irreversible.
The many ore mining slashes in Qinghai-Tibet Platean are located in the high mountain location in remote location, based on exposed stone matter interface, have steady
Fixed geologic structure need to only clear up float stone, keep original state, be not required to carry out side slope arrangement.In addition Qinghai-Tibet harsh natural ring
Border, the height for creating Alpine Grasslands is cold, sensibility, fragility, the ecological system degradation that becomes international, maintain it is difficult with management
Topic.But in revegetation, due to extremely frigid zones very cold, Growing season is short；Physico-geographical Zonation vegetation structure is simple, local
Kind commercialization number of species are less, and alien species are difficult to adapt to；Soil development is young, coarse bone is strong, and soil layer is shallow, Total Nutrient
It is abundant and available nutrient is poor；The ecosystem is fragile, and self-recovery ability is poor, once it is difficult to restore by destruction, and Qinghai-Tibet
Different Soil its pH in plateau is different, and for pH range in 8.6-7.7 or so, this is the natural ecosystem on Qinghai-Tibet face
The essential characteristic of system, Qinghai-Tibet ore mining traces technology for recovering vegetation research integrated building should be carried out for these drawbacks,
And to Qinghai-Tibet ore mining traces the research of technology for recovering vegetation does not have systematic restoration methods at present.
Various harm based on above-mentioned Mining Wasteland, Qinghai-Tibet region is broad, ecological environment multiplicity, to Qinghai-Tibet Platean
The recovery on ore mining traces ground must comply with the natural law, be guidance with ecological theory, using biology techniques and engineering technology
The method combined, adheres to adaptation to local conditions, gathers materials on the spot, and achievees the purpose that ecological environment treatment.At present in Qinghai-Tibet ore mining
Restore to traces be more successfully alluvial gold ore mining traces and Qinghai-Tibet Highway, railway ditch vegetation recovery.Non-ferrous metal,
Coal ore mining traces recovery effects wait the verifying of time.
Summary of the invention
Based on the above issues, it is an object of the invention to be guidance by ecological theory, using biology techniques and work
Journey technology combines, and adheres to adaptation to local conditions, gathers materials on the spot, and achievees the purpose that ecological environment treatment, and then it is high to provide a kind of Qinghai-Tibet
The method of raw ore with adopting traces revegetation.
A kind of Qinghai-Tibet Platean ore mining traces revegetation method.Include the following steps: arrangement, the matrix of matrix landforms
Improvement, vegetation establishment and management, wherein
It is the arrangement of ore mining pit foundation matter and the arrangement of slag accumulation slash matrix that matrix landforms, which arrange, wherein the ore mining hole
The arrangement of matrix: step platform is transformed into through mechanical work to pit, step height is depending on ore mining hole landform and trend, height
For 10~20m, width is 1~2 m；Protective trough is constructed in step platform edges, slot height >=60cm, from setting gutter at slot bottom 5cm,
30cm thick alluvium is laid in slot；
The improvement of the matrix is the adjusting of the improvement of gravel matter, nutrient supplement, acid-base property, wherein the tune of the acid-base property
Saving pH range is 8.6 ~ 7.7；
The vegetation establishment includes sowing time, seeding method, breed combination, wherein breed combination meadow beat the grass type grass
Ground, type of beating the grass meadow, environmental meadow and four kinds of dual-purpose type meadow form；
The management includes weed control, irrigation and top dressing, the prevention and treatment of the disease pest plague of rats.
Further, the arrangement of the ore mining pit foundation matter includes Slope Treatment, by set up plane iron wire, plastic wire or
Stereoscopic plastic net, and anchored, the network forming of scar fixed frame is formed, successively sprayed with the mixed machine of pressure spray and is mixed with soil, fertilizer, had
The mixing pulp material of machine matter, bulk material, water-retaining agent, adhesive etc. is online to framework, is sprayed again after lower layer's solidification
It applies, until reaching demand thickness；The Slope Treatment also can use anchor net and build concrete curing dark ladder in slope surface, use
Hollow cement brick making face, brick is interior to fill the soil containing adhesive, carries out the arrangement of side slope.
Further, for the gradient≤60 degree, height≤60m, substrate has had certain efflorescence properties matrix and slope stability
The good side slope of property, can be used removing float stone, and the mode for establishing staggered fish-scale pit carries out Slope Treatment, fish-scale pit diameter >=1m,
Arc coagulation soil property protecting wall is constructed in the side slope lower part in fish-scale pit, and nock extends 50~100cm to side upwards, at the bottom 5cm of hole
Scupper is laid, >=the organic substrate containing water-retaining agent of 50cm is filled out in hole.
Further, the organic substrate is by peat, decomposed organic waste, coco bran, vermiculite, perlite, water conservation
The composition such as agent, pH adjusting agent, constant and micro elements regulator, bioactive substance, with nutrition is comprehensive, efficiency is long, weight
Gently (0.25 ~ 0.3t/m3), the good feature of ventilative, water conservation, nutrient preserving capability, with the can be used as ore mining traces ideal material of slope tr eatment.
Further, the arrangement of slag accumulation slash matrix: through mechanical planarization and being compacted, form platform,
It being covered with surface soil or soil moved in improve the original, matrix biggish for slag clay content does not need to carry out covering with new soil, and for clay content
Less or the matrix without mud must covering with new soil.
Further, the improvement of the gravel matter is before ore mining engineering construction, using mechanical equipment, by mining area table
0 ~ 60cm of soil is excavated, and strange land preservation is carried out, and by plantation herbaceous plant or spontaneous recovery, is reduced its structural damage, is supported
It shunts the loss lost and water erosion and wind erosion, mining finishes, carry out surface soil and soil moved in improve the original is moved back covering, wherein surface soil cladding thickness
For 3 ~ 30cm, covering with new soil is with a thickness of 1 ~ 30cm.
Further, the nutrient supplements base manure are as follows: and commercially available organic fertilizer 250kg/ mus, farmyard manure 2m3/ mu；Or nitrogen
Fertile 4kg/ mus is indicated in the form of N；3kg/ mus of phosphate fertilizer are indicated with p-shaped formula；Top dressing: 2.5 kg/ mus of nitrogenous fertilizer is indicated in the form of N, phosphorus
Fertile 1.5g/ mus is indicated with p-shaped formula, is imposed in plant tillering-jointing stage, is imposed 1 ~ 2 time.
Further, in the base manure, nitrogenous fertilizer is with 8.70kg/ mus of urea, and phosphate fertilizer is with 25 kg/ mus of calcium superphosphate；Top dressing
In, nitrogenous fertilizer is with 5.43kg/ mus of urea, and phosphate fertilizer is with 12.5 kg/ mus of calcium superphosphate.
Further, application calcium silicates, calcium carbonate can be used, in white lime in acid adjust in the adjusting of the acid-base property
With the acidity of its matrix；Alkalinity adjusts the pH environment for improving discarded ground using sulfuric acid, disulfate, and dosage is according to matrix traces
Depending on ground pH, depth bulk density and modifier concentration.
Further, the sowing time is the first tenday period of a month in May~early July, depending on different geographical climate characteristic；Seeding method:
It is carried out using the method for trench digging drilling or pine rake artificial broadcast, 15~30cm of line-spacing when drilling, 2~3cm of seed level are after planting gently
Rake covering.
Further, type of beating the grass meadow combinations of mixed is, relatively high in height above sea level, and the relatively arid area of soil is adopted
With Elymus nutans and with the unicast of moral elymus breviaristatus or mixed seeding, application rate when unicast is 22.5~30kg/hm2, when mixed seeding
Respectively use 15kg/hm2；Be lower than 4000m in height above sea level, the relatively wet area of soil, using carry out based on siberian wildrye unicast or with
Elymus nutans mixed seeding, application rate when unicast are 22.5~30kg/hm2, when mixed seeding respectively uses 15 kg/hm2。
Further, grazing-type meadow group is combined into Qinghai Grassland annual bluegrass or Qinghai flat stem annual bluegrass+Qinghai China sheep
Thatch+Qinghai cool-zone turfgrasses or with moral Puccinellia tenuiflora, the flat stem annual bluegrass of application rate Qinghai Grassland annual bluegrass or Qinghai is 4.5~
6.0kg/hm2, Qinghai Festuca sinensis is 10~15 kg/hm2, Qinghai cool-zone turfgrasses or with moral Puccinellia tenuiflora be 7.5~10kg/
hm2。
Further, environmental meadow combinations of mixed is that the flat stem of Elymus nutans+Qinghai Grassland annual bluegrass or Qinghai is early
Ripe standing grain+Qinghai cool-zone turfgrasses or with moral Puccinellia tenuiflora, application rate Elymus nutans is 15~21kg/hm2, Qinghai Grassland morning
The flat stem annual bluegrass of ripe standing grain or Qinghai is 4.5~6 kg/hm2, Qinghai cool-zone turfgrasses or with 7.5~10kg/hm of moral Puccinellia tenuiflora2。
Further, dual-purpose type meadow combinations of mixed is for Elymus nutans or with moral elymus breviaristatus or with the old awns of moral
Wheat+Qinghai Grassland annual bluegrass or Qinghai flat stem annual bluegrass+Qinghai Festuca sinensis+Qinghai cool-zone turfgrasses or with moral parvifolrine
Thatch, application rate: Elymus nutans is 10~15kg/hm with moral elymus breviaristatus or with moral siberian wildrye2, Qinghai Festuca sinensis
7.5~10.5 kg/hm2, the flat stem annual bluegrass of Qinghai Grassland annual bluegrass or Qinghai is 3.0~4.5kg/hm2, Qinghai cool-zone turfgrasses
Or with moral Puccinellia tenuiflora be 6.0~7.5 kg/hm2。
Further, weed control is carried out in Seedling Stage, and using 2,4-D butyl ester or 2,4,5-D chemical herbicides are prevented
It removes, 1.125~1.5kg/hm of gramineous grass2, when 10~15cm of height of seedling sprays；Irrigating with top dressing is that period of seedling establishment is irrigated 1 time, is poured water
Measure 600~1000m3/hm2?；Top dressing imposes 2.5kg/ mus of urea in July peak of growing season, and top dressing should be carried out before precipitation；
The protective agents prevention and treatment of the disease pest plague of rats has metrifonate or flolimat, and physical control is bait method, i.e., cereal is fried and mixed
Zinc sulphide is launched around rat hole or in rat hole, is poisoned and is extremely prevented and treated after muroid feeding.
It is compared with the prior art, of the invention using Qinghai-Tibet ore mining traces of the invention after the method for revegetation
Specific advantage are as follows:
(1) sowing kind is suitable for high altitude localities, cultivation maturing rate height close with periphery vegetation environmental；
(2) type of seeding is simple, adheres to adaptation to local conditions, gathers materials on the spot, and achievees the purpose that ecological environment treatment, and then provide one kind
Qinghai-Tibet ore mining traces revegetation method；
(3) with the ensure that Qinghai-Tibet ore mining traces vegetation in revegetation of the top dressing in the base manure and management process of initial stages of restoration
Survival rate and good growth vigor；
(4) mixed seeding of plateau herbage builds group conducive to stabilization, provides the meadow Agent Construction Management Mode of a variety of demands.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further explained for following embodiment, these embodiments are merely intended to be illustrative of the present invention, without being understood that
It is restricted.
The breed combination of 1 several grassland types of the present invention of table
Embodiment 1
A kind of Qinghai-Tibet Platean ore mining traces revegetation method, include the following steps: that the arrangements of matrix landforms, matrix change
Good, vegetation establishment and management, wherein
1, it is the arrangement of ore mining pit foundation matter and the arrangement of slag accumulation slash matrix that matrix landforms, which arrange,
(1) arrangement of ore mining pit foundation matter are as follows: step platform is transformed into through mechanical work to pit, step height cheats landform according to ore mining
It is highly 10m depending on trend, width is 1 m；Protective trough, the high 60cm of slot, from setting at slot bottom 5cm are constructed in step platform edges
Gutter, slot is interior to be laid with 30cm thick alluvium；
The arrangement of ore mining pit foundation matter is Slope Treatment, by setting up plane iron wire, plastic wire or stereoscopic plastic net, and carries out anchor
Gu forming the network forming of scar fixed frame, is successively sprayed with the mixed machine of pressure spray and be mixed with soil, fertilizer, organic matter, bulk material, water conservation
The mixing pulp material of agent, adhesive etc. is online to framework, is sprayed again after lower layer's solidification, until reaching demand thickness
Degree.
(2) it the arrangement of slag accumulation slash matrix: through mechanical planarization and is compacted, platform is formed, with surface soil or soil moved in improve the original
It is covered, matrix biggish for slag clay content does not need to carry out covering with new soil, and base few for clay content or without mud
Matter must covering with new soil.
2, the improvement of matrix
(1) improvement of gravel matter
Before ore mining engineering construction, using mechanical equipment, mining area surface soil 3cm is excavated, strange land preservation is carried out, passes through kind
Herbaceous plant or spontaneous recovery are planted, its structural damage, the loss of nutrient loss and water erosion is reduced and wind erosion, mining is complete
Finish, carries out surface soil and soil moved in improve the original and move back covering, wherein surface soil cladding thickness is 3cm, and covering with new soil is with a thickness of 1cm.
(2) nutrient supplement is base manure: commercially available organic fertilizer 250kg/ mus, farmyard manure 2m3/ mu；In plant tillering-jointing stage
It imposes, imposes 1 ~ 2 time.
(3) adjusting of acid-base property
It is 8.6 with reference to pH range, acidity, which is adjusted, can be used the acidity that application calcium silicates neutralizes its matrix；Alkalinity, which is adjusted, uses sulfuric acid
Improve the pH environment on discarded ground, dosage is according to matrix traces depending on pH, depth bulk density and modifier concentration.
3, vegetation establishment
(1) sowing time is the first tenday period of a month in May, depending on different geographical climate characteristic.
(2) it seeding method: is carried out using the method for trench digging drilling, line-spacing 15cm when drilling, seed level 2cm are after planting gently hugged
Rake covering.
(3) breed combination
Type of beating the grass meadow combinations of mixed is, relatively high in height above sea level, the relatively arid area of soil, using Elymus nutans list
It broadcasts, application rate when unicast is 22.5~30kg/hm2；
Grazing-type meadow group is combined into Qinghai Grassland annual bluegrass+Qinghai Festuca sinensis+Qinghai cool-zone turfgrasses, application rate Qinghai Grassland
Annual bluegrass is 4.5kg/hm2, Qinghai Festuca sinensis is 10kg/hm2, Qinghai cool-zone turfgrasses are 7.5kg/hm2。
Environmental meadow combinations of mixed is Elymus nutans+Qinghai Grassland annual bluegrass+Qinghai cool-zone turfgrasses, and application rate is hung down
Fringe lyme grass is 15kg/hm2, Qinghai Grassland annual bluegrass is 4.5kg/hm2, Qinghai cool-zone turfgrasses 7.5kg/hm2。
Dual-purpose type meadow combinations of mixed is that the cold ground in Elymus nutans+Qinghai Grassland annual bluegrass+Qinghai Festuca sinensis+Qinghai is early
Ripe standing grain, application rate: Elymus nutans 10kg/hm2, Qinghai Festuca sinensis 7.5kg/hm2, Qinghai Grassland annual bluegrass is 3.0kg/
hm2, Qinghai cool-zone turfgrasses are 6.0 kg/hm2。
4, it manages
(1) it weed control: is carried out in Seedling Stage, using 2,4-D butyl ester or 2,4,5-D chemical herbicides are prevented and kill off, grass family
Careless 1.125kg/hm2, when 10~15cm of height of seedling sprays.
(2) irrigation and top dressing: period of seedling establishment is irrigated 1 time, irrigation quantity 600m3/hm2?；Top dressing: it is imposed in July peak of growing season
2.5kg/ mus of urea, top dressing should be carried out before precipitation.
(3) prevention and treatment of the disease pest plague of rats: the protective agents prevention and treatment of the disease pest plague of rats has metrifonate and physical control bait method, i.e. handle
Cereal, which fries, mixes zinc sulphide dispensing around rat hole or in rat hole, is poisoned and is extremely prevented and treated after muroid feeding.
Embodiment 2
A kind of Qinghai-Tibet Platean ore mining traces revegetation method, include the following steps: that the arrangements of matrix landforms, matrix change
Good, vegetation establishment and management, wherein
1, it is the arrangement of ore mining pit foundation matter and the arrangement of slag accumulation slash matrix that matrix landforms, which arrange,
(1) arrangement of ore mining pit foundation matter are as follows: step platform is transformed into through mechanical work to pit, step height cheats landform according to ore mining
It is highly 13m depending on trend, width 1.5m；Protective trough, the high 65cm of slot, from setting at slot bottom 5cm are constructed in step platform edges
Gutter, slot is interior to be laid with 30cm thick alluvium；
The arrangement of ore mining pit foundation matter is Slope Treatment, can use anchor net and builds concrete curing dark ladder in slope surface, with sky
Edema with the heart involved adobe face, brick is interior to fill the soil containing adhesive, carries out the arrangement of side slope.
(2) it the arrangement of slag accumulation slash matrix: through mechanical planarization and is compacted, platform is formed, with surface soil or soil moved in improve the original
It is covered, matrix biggish for slag clay content does not need to carry out covering with new soil, and base few for clay content or without mud
Matter must covering with new soil.
2, the improvement of matrix
(1) improvement of gravel matter
Before ore mining engineering construction, using mechanical equipment, mining area surface soil 10cm is excavated, strange land preservation is carried out, passes through
Herbaceous plant or spontaneous recovery are planted, its structural damage, the loss of nutrient loss and water erosion is reduced and wind erosion, mining is complete
Finish, carries out surface soil and soil moved in improve the original and move back covering, wherein surface soil cladding thickness is 10cm, and covering with new soil is with a thickness of 5cm.
(4) nutrient supplement is base manure: 4kg/ mus of nitrogenous fertilizer are indicated in the form of N；3kg/ mus of phosphate fertilizer are indicated with p-shaped formula；Top dressing:
2.5 kg/ mus of nitrogenous fertilizer is indicated in the form of N, and 1.5g/ mus of phosphate fertilizer are indicated with p-shaped formula, are imposed in plant tillering-jointing stage, impose 1 ~
2 times, wherein when it is implemented, nitrogenous fertilizer is with 8.70kg/ mus of urea, and phosphate fertilizer is with 25 kg/ mus of calcium superphosphate in base manure；In top dressing,
Nitrogenous fertilizer is with 5.43kg/ mus of urea, and phosphate fertilizer is with 12.5 kg/ mus of calcium superphosphate.
(5) adjusting of acid-base property
It is 8 with reference to pH range, acidity, which is adjusted, can be used the acidity that application calcium carbonate neutralizes its matrix；Alkalinity, which is adjusted, uses hydrogen sulfate
Salt discards the pH environment on ground to improve, and dosage is according to matrix traces depending on pH, depth bulk density and modifier concentration.
3, vegetation establishment
(1) sowing time is early June, depending on different geographical climate characteristic.
(2) it seeding method: is carried out using the method for trench digging pine rake artificial broadcast.
(3) breed combination
Type of beating the grass meadow combinations of mixed is to be lower than 4000m, the relatively wet area of soil, based on siberian wildrye in height above sea level
Unicast is carried out, application rate when unicast is 22.5kg/hm2。
Grazing-type meadow group is combined into Qinghai Grassland annual bluegrass+Qinghai Festuca sinensis+with moral Puccinellia tenuiflora, application rate Qinghai grass
Ground annual bluegrass is 5.0kg/hm2, Qinghai Festuca sinensis is 12 kg/hm2, it is 8kg/hm with moral Puccinellia tenuiflora2。
Environmental meadow combinations of mixed is Elymus nutans+Qinghai Grassland annual bluegrass+with moral Puccinellia tenuiflora, and application rate is hung down fringe
Lyme grass is 18kg/hm2, Qinghai Grassland annual bluegrass is 5.0 kg/hm2, with moral Puccinellia tenuiflora 8kg/hm2。
Dual-purpose type meadow combinations of mixed is cold with moral elymus breviaristatus+Qinghai Grassland annual bluegrass+Qinghai Festuca sinensis+Qinghai
Ground annual bluegrass, application rate: being 12kg/hm with moral elymus breviaristatus2, 8.5 kg/hm of Qinghai Festuca sinensis2, Qinghai Grassland annual bluegrass
For 3.5kg/hm2, Qinghai cool-zone turfgrasses are 6.5 kg/hm2。
4, it manages
(1) it weed control: is carried out in Seedling Stage, using 2,4-D butyl ester or 2,4,5-D chemical herbicides are prevented and kill off, grass family
Careless 1.35kg/hm2, when height of seedling 12cm sprays.
(2) irrigation and top dressing: period of seedling establishment is irrigated 1 time, irrigation quantity 800m3/hm2?；Top dressing: it is imposed in July peak of growing season
2.5kg/ mus of urea, top dressing should be carried out before precipitation.
(3) prevention and treatment of the disease pest plague of rats: the protective agents prevention and treatment of the disease pest plague of rats has flolimat and physical control bait method, i.e.,
Cereal is fried and mixes upper zinc sulphide dispensing around rat hole or in rat hole, is poisoned and is extremely prevented and treated after muroid feeding.
Embodiment 3
A kind of Qinghai-Tibet Platean ore mining traces revegetation method, include the following steps: that the arrangements of matrix landforms, matrix change
Good, vegetation establishment and management, wherein
1, it is the arrangement of ore mining pit foundation matter and the arrangement of slag accumulation slash matrix that matrix landforms, which arrange,
(1) arrangement of ore mining pit foundation matter are as follows: step platform is transformed into through mechanical work to pit, step height cheats landform according to ore mining
It is highly 18m depending on trend, width is 2 m；Protective trough, the high 70cm of slot, from setting at slot bottom 5cm are constructed in step platform edges
Gutter, slot is interior to be laid with 30cm thick alluvium；
The arrangement of ore mining pit foundation matter is Slope Treatment, and for 60 degree of the gradient, height 60m, substrate has had certain efflorescence properties matrix
And the side slope that slope stability is good, removing float stone can be used, the mode for establishing staggered fish-scale pit carries out Slope Treatment, fish-scale pit
Arc coagulation soil property protecting wall is constructed in diameter 1m, the side slope lower part in fish-scale pit, and nock extends 50cm to side upwards, in hole bottom 5cm
Place lays scupper, and the organic substrate containing water-retaining agent of 50cm is filled out in hole.Wherein, organic substrate is by peat, decomposed organic
The groups such as waste, coco bran, vermiculite, perlite, water-retaining agent, pH adjusting agent, constant and micro elements regulator, bioactive substance
At.
(2) it the arrangement of slag accumulation slash matrix: through mechanical planarization and is compacted, platform is formed, with surface soil or soil moved in improve the original
It is covered, matrix biggish for slag clay content does not need to carry out covering with new soil, and base few for clay content or without mud
Matter must covering with new soil.
2, the improvement of matrix
(1) improvement of gravel matter
Before ore mining engineering construction, using mechanical equipment, mining area surface soil 20cm is excavated, strange land preservation is carried out, passes through
Herbaceous plant or spontaneous recovery are planted, its structural damage, the loss of nutrient loss and water erosion is reduced and wind erosion, mining is complete
Finish, carries out surface soil and soil moved in improve the original and move back covering, wherein surface soil cladding thickness is 20cm, and covering with new soil is with a thickness of 20cm.
(6) nutrient supplement is base manure: commercially available organic fertilizer 250kg/ mus, farmyard manure 2m3/ mu；
(7) adjusting of acid-base property
It is 7.7 with reference to pH range, acidity, which is adjusted, can be used the acidity that application white lime neutralizes its matrix；Alkalinity, which is adjusted, uses sulfuric acid
Improve the pH environment on discarded ground, dosage is according to matrix traces depending on pH, depth bulk density and modifier concentration.
3, vegetation establishment
(1) sowing time is early July, depending on different geographical climate characteristic.
(2) it seeding method: is carried out using the method for trench digging drilling, line-spacing 30cm when drilling, seed level 3cm are after planting gently hugged
Rake covering.
(3) breed combination
Type of beating the grass meadow combinations of mixed is, relatively high in height above sea level, the relatively arid area of soil, using Elymus nutans and
With moral elymus breviaristatus mixed seeding, when mixed seeding, respectively uses 15kg/hm2。
Grazing-type meadow group is combined into the flat stem annual bluegrass in Qinghai+Qinghai Festuca sinensis+Qinghai cool-zone turfgrasses, application rate Qinghai
Flat stem annual bluegrass is 5.5kg/hm2, Qinghai Festuca sinensis is 15 kg/hm2, Qinghai cool-zone turfgrasses are 9.5kg/hm2。
Environmental meadow combinations of mixed is the flat stem annual bluegrass+Qinghai cool-zone turfgrasses in Elymus nutans+Qinghai, and application rate is hung down
Fringe lyme grass is 18kg/hm2, the flat stem annual bluegrass in Qinghai is 5.5 kg/hm2, Qinghai cool-zone turfgrasses 9.5kg/hm2。
Dual-purpose type meadow combinations of mixed is early with the cold ground in moral siberian wildrye+Qinghai Grassland annual bluegrass+Qinghai Festuca sinensis+Qinghai
Ripe standing grain, application rate: being 13kg/hm with moral siberian wildrye2, 9.5 kg/hm of Qinghai Festuca sinensis2, Qinghai Grassland annual bluegrass is 4kg/
hm2, Qinghai cool-zone turfgrasses are 7kg/hm2。
4, it manages
(1) it weed control: is carried out in Seedling Stage, using 2,4-D butyl ester or 2,4,5-D chemical herbicides are prevented and kill off, grass family
Careless 1.45kg/hm2, when height of seedling 14cm sprays.
(2) irrigation and top dressing: period of seedling establishment is irrigated 1 time, irrigation quantity 900m3/hm2?；Top dressing: it is imposed in July peak of growing season
2.5kg/ mus of urea, top dressing should be carried out before precipitation.
(3) prevention and treatment of the disease pest plague of rats: the prevention and treatment of the disease pest plague of rats is physical control bait method, i.e., cereal is fried and mix upper vulcanization
Zinc is launched around rat hole or in rat hole, is poisoned and is extremely prevented and treated after muroid feeding.
Embodiment 4
A kind of Qinghai-Tibet Platean ore mining traces revegetation method, include the following steps: that the arrangements of matrix landforms, matrix change
Good, vegetation establishment and management, wherein
1, it is the arrangement of ore mining pit foundation matter and the arrangement of slag accumulation slash matrix that matrix landforms, which arrange,
(1) arrangement of ore mining pit foundation matter are as follows: step platform is transformed into through mechanical work to pit, step height cheats landform according to ore mining
It is highly 20m depending on trend, width is 2 m；Protective trough, the high 80cm of slot, from setting at slot bottom 5cm are constructed in step platform edges
Gutter, slot is interior to be laid with 30cm thick alluvium；
The arrangement of ore mining pit foundation matter is Slope Treatment, by setting up plane iron wire, plastic wire or stereoscopic plastic net, and carries out anchor
Gu forming the network forming of scar fixed frame, is successively sprayed with the mixed machine of pressure spray and be mixed with soil, fertilizer, organic matter, bulk material, water conservation
The mixing pulp material of agent, adhesive etc. is online to framework, is sprayed again after lower layer's solidification, until reaching demand thickness
Degree.
(2) it the arrangement of slag accumulation slash matrix: through mechanical planarization and is compacted, platform is formed, with surface soil or soil moved in improve the original
It is covered, matrix biggish for slag clay content does not need to carry out covering with new soil, and base few for clay content or without mud
Matter must covering with new soil.
2, the improvement of matrix
(1) improvement of gravel matter
Before ore mining engineering construction, using mechanical equipment, mining area surface soil 60cm is excavated, strange land preservation is carried out, passes through
Herbaceous plant or spontaneous recovery are planted, its structural damage, the loss of nutrient loss and water erosion is reduced and wind erosion, mining is complete
Finish, carries out surface soil and soil moved in improve the original and move back covering, wherein surface soil cladding thickness is 30cm, and covering with new soil is with a thickness of 30cm.
(8) nutrient supplement is base manure: 4kg/ mus of nitrogenous fertilizer are indicated in the form of N；3kg/ mus of phosphate fertilizer are indicated with p-shaped formula；Top dressing:
2.5 kg/ mus of nitrogenous fertilizer is indicated in the form of N, and 1.5g/ mus of phosphate fertilizer are indicated with p-shaped formula, are imposed in plant tillering-jointing stage, impose 1 ~
2 times, wherein when it is implemented, nitrogenous fertilizer is with 8.70kg/ mus of urea, and phosphate fertilizer is with 25 kg/ mus of calcium superphosphate in base manure；In top dressing,
Nitrogenous fertilizer is with 5.43kg/ mus of urea, and phosphate fertilizer is with 12.5 kg/ mus of calcium superphosphate.
(9) adjusting of acid-base property
It is 7.7 with reference to pH range, acidity, which is adjusted, can be used the acidity that application white lime neutralizes its matrix；Alkalinity, which is adjusted, uses sulfuric acid
Hydrogen salt discards the pH environment on ground to improve, and dosage is according to matrix traces depending on pH, depth bulk density and modifier concentration.
3, vegetation establishment
(1) sowing time is early July, depending on different geographical climate characteristic.
(2) it seeding method: is carried out using the method for trench digging pine rake artificial broadcast.
(3) breed combination
Type of beating the grass meadow combinations of mixed is to be lower than 4000m in height above sea level, the relatively wet area of soil using siberian wildrye and is hung down
Fringe lyme grass mixed seeding, when mixed seeding, respectively use 15 kg/hm2。
Grazing-type meadow group is combined into the flat stem annual bluegrass+Qinghai Festuca sinensis in Qinghai+with moral Puccinellia tenuiflora, and application rate Qinghai is flat
Stem annual bluegrass is 6.0kg/hm2, Qinghai Festuca sinensis is 15 kg/hm2, it is 10kg/hm with moral Puccinellia tenuiflora2。
Environmental meadow combinations of mixed is the flat stem annual bluegrass in Elymus nutans+Qinghai+with moral Puccinellia tenuiflora, and application rate is hung down fringe
Lyme grass is 21kg/hm2, the flat stem annual bluegrass in Qinghai is 6 kg/hm2, with moral Puccinellia tenuiflora 10kg/hm2。
Dual-purpose type meadow combinations of mixed is with the flat stem annual bluegrass+Qinghai Festuca sinensis in moral siberian wildrye+Qinghai+with moral parvifolrine
Thatch, application rate: being 15kg/hm with moral siberian wildrye2, 10.5 kg/hm of Qinghai Festuca sinensis2, the flat stem annual bluegrass in Qinghai is 4.5kg/
hm2, it is 7.5 kg/hm with moral Puccinellia tenuiflora2。
4, it manages
(1) it weed control: is carried out in Seedling Stage, using 2,4-D butyl ester or 2,4,5-D chemical herbicides are prevented and kill off, grass family
Careless 1.5kg/hm2, when height of seedling 15cm sprays.
(2) irrigation and top dressing: period of seedling establishment is irrigated 1 time, irrigation quantity 1000m3/hm2?；Top dressing: it is chased after in July peak of growing season
2.5kg/ mus of urea is applied, top dressing should be carried out before precipitation.
(3) prevention and treatment of the disease pest plague of rats: the protective agents prevention and treatment of the disease pest plague of rats has metrifonate.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, for the skill of this field
For art personnel, the invention may be variously modified and varied.It is all within the principle of the present invention, it is made it is any modification, etc.
With replacement, improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (15)
1. a kind of Qinghai-Tibet Platean ore mining traces revegetation method, include the following steps: the arrangements of matrix landforms, matrix
Improvement, vegetation establishment and management, which is characterized in that
The arrangement of slash matrix is accumulated in the matrix landforms arrangement for the arrangement of ore mining pit foundation matter and slag, wherein ore mining pit foundation
The arrangement of matter: step platform is transformed into through mechanical work to pit, step height is highly depending on ore mining hole landform and trend
10~20m, width are 1~2 m；Protective trough, slot height >=60cm, from setting gutter, slot at slot bottom 5cm are constructed in step platform edges
Interior laying 30cm thick alluvium；
The improvement of the matrix is the adjusting of the improvement of gravel matter, nutrient supplement, acid-base property, wherein the acid-base property
Adjusting pH range is 8.6 ~ 7.7；
The vegetation establishment includes sowing time, seeding method, breed combination, wherein breed combination meadow beat the grass type grass
Ground, type of beating the grass meadow, environmental meadow and four kinds of dual-purpose type meadow form；
The management includes weed control, irrigation and top dressing, the prevention and treatment of the disease pest plague of rats.
2. a kind of Qinghai-Tibet ore mining traces according to claim 1 revegetation method, which is characterized in that it is described
The arrangement of ore mining pit foundation quality looks further include Slope Treatment, by setting up plane iron wire, plastic wire or stereoscopic plastic net, and carry out
Anchoring forms the network forming of scar fixed frame, and successively spraying is mixed with soil, fertilizer, organic matter, bulk material, water-retaining agent, adhesive etc.
Mixing pulp material it is online to framework, sprayed again after lower layer's solidification, until reach demand thickness；The side slope
Processing also can use anchor net and build concrete curing dark ladder in slope surface, and with hollow cement brick making face, the interior filling of brick contains
The soil of adhesive carries out the arrangement of side slope.
3. a kind of Qinghai-Tibet ore mining traces according to claim 2 revegetation method, which is characterized in that for
The gradient≤60 degree, height≤60m, substrate have had certain efflorescence properties matrix and the good side slope of slope stability, removing can be used
Float stone, the mode for establishing staggered fish-scale pit carry out Slope Treatment, and arc is constructed in the side slope lower part of fish-scale pit diameter >=1m, fish-scale pit
Shape coagulation soil property protecting wall, nock extend 50~100cm to side upwards, and scupper is laid at the bottom 5cm of hole, fills out >=50cm in hole
The organic substrate containing water-retaining agent.
4. a kind of Qinghai-Tibet ore mining traces according to claim 1 revegetation method, which is characterized in that it is described
Organic substrate be by peat, decomposed organic waste, coco bran, vermiculite, perlite, water-retaining agent, pH adjusting agent, constant with it is micro
The composition such as element regulator, bioactive substance.
5. a kind of Qinghai-Tibet ore mining traces according to claim 1 revegetation method, which is characterized in that it is described
Slag accumulation slash matrix arrangement, through mechanical planarization and be compacted, formed platform, covered with surface soil or soil moved in improve the original,
Matrix biggish for slag clay content does not need to carry out covering with new soil, and few for clay content or matrix without mud must soil moved in improve the original
Covering.
6. a kind of Qinghai-Tibet ore mining traces according to claim 1 revegetation method, which is characterized in that it is described
Gravel matter improvement be before ore mining engineering construction, using mechanical equipment, mining area 0 ~ 60cm of surface soil is excavated, carry out
Strange land saves, and by plantation herbaceous plant or spontaneous recovery, reduces its structural damage, the loss of nutrient loss and water erosion and wind
Erosion, mining finishes, and carries out surface soil and soil moved in improve the original is moved back covering, wherein surface soil cladding thickness is 3 ~ 30cm, covering with new soil thickness
For 1 ~ 30cm.
7. a kind of Qinghai-Tibet ore mining traces according to claim 1 revegetation method, which is characterized in that it is described
Nutrient supplement base manure be commercially available organic fertilizer 250kg/ mus, farmyard manure 2m3/ mu；Or 4kg/ mus of nitrogenous fertilizer indicated in the form of N；Phosphorus
Fertile 3kg/ mus is indicated with p-shaped formula；Top dressing: 2.5 kg/ mus of nitrogenous fertilizer is indicated in the form of N, and 1.5g/ mus of phosphate fertilizer are indicated with p-shaped formula,
Plant tillering-jointing stage imposes, and imposes 1 ~ 2 time.
8. a kind of Qinghai-Tibet ore mining traces according to claim 7 revegetation method, which is characterized in that it is described
Base manure in, nitrogenous fertilizer is with 8.70kg/ mus of urea, and phosphate fertilizer is with 25 kg/ mus of calcium superphosphate；In top dressing, nitrogenous fertilizer urea 5.43kg/
Mu, phosphate fertilizer is with 12.5 kg/ mus of calcium superphosphate.
9. a kind of Qinghai-Tibet ore mining traces according to claim 1 revegetation method, which is characterized in that it is described
Acid-base property adjusting in acid adjust the acidity that application calcium silicates, calcium carbonate, white lime neutralize its matrix can be used；Alkalinity is adjusted
Section improves the pH environment on discarded ground using sulfuric acid, disulfate, dosage according to matrix traces pH, depth bulk density and regulator
Depending on concentration.
10. a kind of Qinghai-Tibet ore mining traces according to claim 1 revegetation method, which is characterized in that institute
The seeding method stated are as follows: carried out using the method for trench digging drilling or pine rake artificial broadcast, 15~30cm of line-spacing when drilling, seed level 2
After planting gently rake covers~3cm.
11. a kind of Qinghai-Tibet ore mining traces according to claim 1 revegetation method, which is characterized in that institute
The type meadow combinations of mixed of beating the grass stated is, relatively high in height above sea level, the relatively arid area of soil, using Elymus nutans and
With the unicast of moral elymus breviaristatus or mixed seeding, application rate when unicast is 22.5~30kg/hm2, when mixed seeding respectively uses 15kg/hm2；?
Height above sea level is lower than 4000m, the relatively wet area of soil, using carry out based on siberian wildrye unicast or with Elymus nutans mixed seeding,
Application rate when unicast is 22.5~30kg/hm2, when mixed seeding respectively uses 15 kg/hm2。
12. a kind of Qinghai-Tibet ore mining traces according to claim 1 revegetation method, which is characterized in that institute
It is early that the grazing-type meadow group stated is combined into the cold ground in Qinghai Grassland annual bluegrass or Qinghai flat stem annual bluegrass+Qinghai Festuca sinensis+Qinghai
Ripe standing grain or with moral Puccinellia tenuiflora, the flat stem annual bluegrass of application rate Qinghai Grassland annual bluegrass or Qinghai is 4.5~6.0kg/hm2, green
Extra large Festuca sinensis is 10~15 kg/hm2, Qinghai cool-zone turfgrasses or with moral Puccinellia tenuiflora be 7.5~10kg/hm2。
13. a kind of Qinghai-Tibet ore mining traces according to claim 1 revegetation method, which is characterized in that institute
The environmental meadow combinations of mixed stated be the flat stem annual bluegrass+Qinghai of Elymus nutans+Qinghai Grassland annual bluegrass or Qinghai coldly
Annual bluegrass or with moral Puccinellia tenuiflora, application rate Elymus nutans is 15~21kg/hm2, Qinghai Grassland annual bluegrass or Qinghai are flat
Stem annual bluegrass is 4.5~6 kg/hm2, Qinghai cool-zone turfgrasses or with 7.5~10kg/hm of moral Puccinellia tenuiflora2。
14. a kind of Qinghai-Tibet ore mining traces according to claim 1 revegetation method, which is characterized in that institute
The dual-purpose type meadow combinations of mixed stated is early for Elymus nutans or with moral elymus breviaristatus or with moral siberian wildrye+Qinghai Grassland
Ripe standing grain or Qinghai flat stem annual bluegrass+Qinghai Festuca sinensis+Qinghai cool-zone turfgrasses or with moral Puccinellia tenuiflora, application rate: hang down
Fringe lyme grass is 10~15kg/hm with moral elymus breviaristatus or with moral siberian wildrye2, 7.5~10.5 kg/ of Qinghai Festuca sinensis
hm2, the flat stem annual bluegrass of Qinghai Grassland annual bluegrass or Qinghai is 3.0~4.5kg/hm2, Qinghai cool-zone turfgrasses or with moral parvifolrine
Thatch is 6.0~7.5 kg/hm2。
15. a kind of Qinghai-Tibet ore mining traces according to claim 1 revegetation method, which is characterized in that institute
The weed control stated is to carry out in Seedling Stage, and using 2,4-D butyl ester or 2,4,5-D chemical herbicides are prevented and kill off, gramineous grass
1.125~1.5kg/hm2, when 10~15cm of height of seedling sprays；Irrigating with top dressing is that period of seedling establishment is irrigated 1 time, irrigation quantity 600~
1000m3/hm2?；Top dressing imposes 2.5kg/ mus of urea in July peak of growing season, and top dressing should be carried out before precipitation；The disease pest plague of rats
Protective agents prevention and treatment have metrifonate or flolimat, physical control is bait method.
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