CN115299296A - Method for repairing degenerated alpine grassland of Qinghai-Tibet plateau - Google Patents

Method for repairing degenerated alpine grassland of Qinghai-Tibet plateau Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115299296A
CN115299296A CN202210989165.0A CN202210989165A CN115299296A CN 115299296 A CN115299296 A CN 115299296A CN 202210989165 A CN202210989165 A CN 202210989165A CN 115299296 A CN115299296 A CN 115299296A
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grassland
parts
qinghai
grass seeds
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吴建波
王小丹
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Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment IMHE of CAS
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Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment IMHE of CAS
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G20/00Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/30Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/34Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • A01N43/36Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
    • A01N43/38Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A01N59/02Sulfur; Selenium; Tellurium; Compounds thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N61/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01PBIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
    • A01P1/00Disinfectants; Antimicrobial compounds or mixtures thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01PBIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
    • A01P21/00Plant growth regulators
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01PBIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
    • A01P3/00Fungicides

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for repairing degraded alpine grassland of Tibet plateau, which comprises the following steps: in the middle 6 th month of each year, digging fish scale pits on the degraded grassland; taking local species of Philippine violet needle cogongrass and Yuzhuiguo needle cogongrass as main dominant species, taking commercial species of elymus and old mango as companion species, and uniformly mixing the local species and the commercial species to serve as grass seeds for restoring alpine grassland; soaking the grass seeds in a germination promoting agent for 12 hours before sowing; and (4) spreading the treated grass seeds and the mixed germination matrix into the fish scale pits, and covering soil. The method uniformly mixes the native species and the commodity species to serve as the grass seeds for restoring the alpine grassland, can adapt to the severe environment of low temperature and drought of the alpine grassland of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, can store water by adopting the fish scale pits, solves the problems of water shortage and drought, and can reduce water and soil loss caused by plowing, and has obvious effects on improving the survival rate of the grass seeds and restoring the high-cold degenerated grassland of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau by adopting the mixed germination matrix to retain water and lock fertilizer.

Description

Method for repairing degenerated alpine grassland of Qinghai-Tibet plateau
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of original ecological restoration of degenerated alpine grasses, and particularly relates to a restoration method of degenerated alpine grasses of a Qinghai-Tibet plateau.
Background
Alpine Steppe (Alpine Steppe) is a plant community which is influenced by cold and drought climates in high-altitude areas for a long time and is formed by breeding of cold-resistant and drought-resistant perennial dense-clumped grasses, rhizome-type sedge and cushion-shaped shrub plants. The alpine grassland is one of the most main grassland types in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau area of China.
The Qinghai-Tibet plateau is a fragile ecosystem with global significance. As one of the important pasturing areas in China, the grassland area is wide and accounts for about 50.9 percent of the total area of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. The complex biodiversity and unique geographic environment and cultural characteristics provide guarantees for local life and economic development. However, in recent years, due to unreasonable grazing regimes, artificial factors such as excessive reclamation, and changes in natural climate (drought, low temperature), alpine grasses which are fragile originally are degraded to various degrees. The grassland in the alpine pasturing area is degraded by 39.64 percent, and the degraded area of the grassland is expanded by 3 to 5 percent each year. The diversity of grassland is lost, the stability is reduced, the productivity is reduced, the vegetation is difficult to recover, the quality of the pasture is deteriorated, and the soil is desertified. Therefore, how to reasonably and effectively repair the degenerated high-cold grassland is an urgent problem to be solved.
Mixed sowing of grasslands is an effective measure for recovering deteriorated grasslands, and is researched at home and abroad. The mixed grassland seeding is to seed grasses on the basis of the original natural grasslands so as to increase the grassland coverage and the productivity of grasslands and improve the quality of the grasses, thereby achieving the effect of restoring the grassland ecology.
In the prior art, the mixed sowing mode of leguminous plants and gramineous plants is most applied. Because leguminous forage germplasm resources with strong adaptability and reasonable management measures are lacked in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, the reseeded leguminous forage has weak competitiveness, low survival rate and difficult diffusion, thereby being difficult to popularize in a large area.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for repairing degenerated alpine grassland of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. Aiming at the reasons that the vegetation in the alpine deteriorated grassland is difficult to recover, and foreign species populations are easy to degrade in the alpine grassland, and the like, the method utilizes the method of combining native species and commodities to recover the vegetation in the deteriorated grassland.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the method for repairing the degenerated alpine grassland of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau comprises the following steps:
s1, land arrangement: digging fish scale pits on the land of degraded alpine grassland in the middle 6 th month of each year;
s2, selecting grass seeds: taking local species of Philippine violet needle grass and Cymbopogon citratus as dominant species, taking commercial species of elymus dahuricus and old aweto as companion species, and uniformly mixing the local species and the commercial species to serve as grass seeds for high-cold grassland restoration;
s3, grass seed treatment: soaking the grass seeds in a germination promoter for 12 hours before sowing;
s4, sowing: and (4) spreading the treated grass seeds and the mixed germination matrix into the fish scale pits, and covering soil.
Further, in step S1, the scale of the craters is 20cm × 20cm, and the density of the craters is 3 to 4 per square meter.
Further, in step S2, the mass ratio of the indigenous species of filigree dactylon and filipendula to the commercial species of elymus and old mango is 4. 15-20 g of seeds are sown in each fish scale pit.
Further, in step S3, the germination promoter includes the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of sodium selenite solution, 3-5 parts of indoleacetic acid and 3-5 parts of bactericide.
Furthermore, the germination promoter submerges 5-10 cm over the grass seeds and is subjected to dark treatment at the temperature of 15-20 ℃.
Further, in the step S4, the mixed germination matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-8 parts of dry cow and sheep manure, 3-8 parts of water-retaining agent and 2-4 parts of microbial liquid.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method is characterized in that the agrimonia pilosa and the feather cylinder fescue which are native species are used as dominant species, the commercial species elymus and old awn are used as associated species, the native species and the commercial species are uniformly mixed to serve as grass seeds for restoring the alpine grassland, the method can adapt to the severe environments of low temperature and drought of the alpine grassland of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, and meanwhile, the scale pits are adopted to store water, so that the problems of water shortage and drought and water and soil loss caused by plowing can be solved.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined in the appended claims, and all matters produced by the invention using the inventive concept are protected.
Example 1
A method for repairing degraded alpine grassland of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau comprises the following steps:
s1, land arrangement: in the middle 6 th of each year (rainy season), digging fish scale pits on the land of degraded alpine grassland; the specification of the fish scale pits is 20cm-20cm, and the density of the fish scale pits is 4-6 per square meter.
S2, selecting grass seeds: taking local species of the Philippine fescue and the Cytisus columna as dominant species of local species, taking commercial species of the Philippine Oncorum and the old Miscanthus sinensis as associated species, and uniformly mixing the local species and the commercial species to serve as grass seeds for restoring the alpine grassland, wherein the mass ratio of the local species of the Philippine Oncorum to the commercial species of the Philippine Oncorum and the Cytisus columna to the commercial species of the Philippine Oncorum and the old Miscanthus sinensis is 4.
S3, grass seed treatment: soaking the grass seeds in a germination promoting agent for 12 hours before sowing; the germination promoter is 5cm over the grass seeds and is dark-treated at 15 deg.C. The germinant comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of sodium selenite solution, 3 parts of indoleacetic acid and 3 parts of bactericide.
S4, sowing: and (4) spreading the treated grass seeds and the mixed germination matrix into the fish scale pits, and covering soil. The mixed germination matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 6 parts of dry cow and sheep manure, 3 parts of a water-retaining agent and 2 parts of a microbial liquid.
Example 2
A method for repairing degraded alpine grassland of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau comprises the following steps:
s1, land arrangement: in the middle 6 th month of each year (rainy season), digging fish scale pits on the degenerated alpine grassland; the specification of the fish scale pits is 20cm-20cm, and the density of the fish scale pits is 4-6 per square meter.
S2, selecting grass seeds: the method comprises the following steps of taking local species of Philippine violet herb and Philippine cymbopogon flexuosus as dominant species, taking commercial species of Philippine blumea and Largeon aweto as associated species, and uniformly mixing the local species and the commercial species to serve as grass seeds for restoring the plateau cold grassland, wherein the mass ratio of the Coilippine violet herb and the Philippine lupulos to the commercial species of Philippine blumea and Largeon aweto is 4.
S3, grass seed treatment: soaking the grass seeds in a germination promoting agent for 12 hours before sowing; the germination promoter is 8cm above grass seeds, and is dark-treated at 20 deg.C. The germinant comprises the following components in parts by weight: 8 parts of sodium selenite solution, 4 parts of indoleacetic acid and 4 parts of bactericide.
S4, sowing: and (4) spreading the treated grass seeds and the mixed germination matrix into the fish scale pits, and covering soil. The mixed germination matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 6 parts of dry cow and sheep manure, 5 parts of water-retaining agent and 3 parts of microbial liquid.
Example 3
A method for repairing degenerated alpine grassland of Qinghai-Tibet plateau comprises the following steps:
s1, land arrangement: in the middle 6 months of each year (rainy season), digging fish scale pits on the land of degraded alpine grassland; the specification of the fish scale pits is 20cm-20cm, and the density of the fish scale pits is 4-6 per square meter.
S2, selecting grass seeds: taking the purple stipa capillata and the feather stipa capillata as local species, taking the elymus and the old awn as commercial species, and uniformly mixing the local species and the commercial species to serve as grass seeds for the restoration of the alpine grassland, wherein the mass ratio of the purple stipa capillata and the feather stipa capillata to the commercial species elymus capillata and the old awn is 4.
S3, grass seed treatment: soaking the grass seeds in a germination promoting agent for 12 hours before sowing; the germination promoter is soaked in grass for 10cm, and is dark-treated at 20 deg.C. The germinant comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of sodium selenite solution, 5 parts of indoleacetic acid and 5 parts of bactericide.
S4, sowing: and (4) spreading the treated grass seeds and the mixed germination matrix into the fish scale pits, and covering soil. The mixed germination matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 8 parts of dry cow and sheep manure, 8 parts of a water-retaining agent and 4 parts of a microbial liquid.
Comparative example 1
The alpine grassland repairing method adopts plane seeding directly without digging fish scale pits, and the other steps are the same as the embodiment 1.
Comparative example 2
A alpine grassland restoration method takes local species as grass seeds for alpine grassland restoration, and the rest steps are the same as example 1.
Comparative example 3
A method for restoring alpine grassland, wherein a mixed germination matrix is not used in the sowing process, and the other steps are the same as in example 1.
And after 3 months, counting the total community coverage of the repaired alpine grassland. The following table shows the total community coverage in alpine grassland (%)
Grouping Total coverage of alpine grassland community (%)
Example 1 90
Example 2 95
Example 3 92
Comparative example 1 78
Comparative example 2 83
Comparative example 3 82
As can be seen from the above table, compared with the restoration methods provided in each proportion, the restoration method provided in each embodiment significantly improves the total coverage of the community, and compared with the alpine grassland which is not restored, the total coverage of the community is improved by 40% to 60%, which indicates that the alpine grassland restoration method provided by the present invention can promote the growth of the grass seeds. Realize the restoration of the alpine deteriorated grassland.
The method takes the indigenous species of the Philippine fescue and the Yuzhuliangmao as dominant species, the commodity species of the elymus dahuricus and the old awn wheat as associated species, and the indigenous species and the commodity species are uniformly mixed to serve as the grass seeds for restoring the alpine grassland, so that the method can adapt to the severe environment of low temperature and drought of the high-alpine grassland of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, and simultaneously, the scale pits are adopted to store water, solve the problems of water shortage and drought and reduce water and soil loss caused by plowing.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims (6)

1. A method for repairing degenerated alpine grassland of Qinghai-Tibet plateau is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, land arrangement: in the middle 6 months of each year, digging fish scale pits on the land of the degraded alpine grassland;
s2, selecting grass seeds: taking local species of Philippine violet needle fescue and Cymbopogon citratus as dominant species of local species, taking commercial species of elymus dahuricus and old mango as companion species, and uniformly mixing the local species and the commercial species to serve as grass seeds for high-cold grassland restoration;
s3, grass seed treatment: soaking the grass seeds in a germination promoting agent for 12 hours before sowing;
s4, sowing: and (3) spreading the grass seeds soaked by the germination promoter and the mixed germination matrix into the fish scale pits, and covering soil.
2. The method for repairing degenerated alpine grassland in Qinghai-Tibet plateau as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S1, the scale of craters is 20cm x 20cm, and the density of craters is 4-6 per square meter.
3. The method for restoring a degenerated alpine grassland in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the mass ratio of the local species of the Philippine cymbopogon flexuosus and the Yuzhuibigmo to the commercial species of the elymus dahuricus and the old awn is 4.
4. The method for repairing degenerated alpine grassland of Qinghai-Tibet plateau as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S3, the germination promoter comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of sodium selenite solution, 3-5 parts of indoleacetic acid and 3-5 parts of bactericide.
5. The method for repairing degenerated alpine grassland of Qinghai-Tibet plateau as claimed in claim 5, wherein the germination promoter is 5-10 cm over the grass seeds and is dark-treated at 15-20 ℃.
6. The method for repairing degenerated alpine grassland of Qinghai-Tibet plateau as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S4, the mixed germination matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-8 parts of dry cow and sheep manure, 3-8 parts of water-retaining agent and 2-4 parts of microbial liquid.
CN202210989165.0A 2022-08-17 2022-08-17 Method for repairing degenerated alpine grassland of Qinghai-Tibet plateau Pending CN115299296A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116012733A (en) * 2022-12-14 2023-04-25 兰州大学 Method for repairing severe degradation alpine grassland bare spot by using species combination of native grass

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CN102138467A (en) * 2011-03-21 2011-08-03 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 Measure for promoting vegetation in cold regions to restore rapidly
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CN107278407A (en) * 2017-07-25 2017-10-24 兰州大学 A kind of method for preventing the secondary generation of Degenerated Meadow
CN110036832A (en) * 2018-12-25 2019-07-23 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所 A kind of Qinghai-Tibet Platean ore mining traces revegetation method
CN109601279A (en) * 2019-02-20 2019-04-12 中国农业大学 A kind of Native species hybrid sowing method restored for Alpine Grasslands

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116012733A (en) * 2022-12-14 2023-04-25 兰州大学 Method for repairing severe degradation alpine grassland bare spot by using species combination of native grass
CN116012733B (en) * 2022-12-14 2023-09-29 兰州大学 Method for repairing degenerated alpine grassland bare spot by utilizing species combination of native grass

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