CN107439320A - A kind of greening method of concordant limestone breakage mountain body - Google Patents
A kind of greening method of concordant limestone breakage mountain body Download PDFInfo
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- CN107439320A CN107439320A CN201710809866.0A CN201710809866A CN107439320A CN 107439320 A CN107439320 A CN 107439320A CN 201710809866 A CN201710809866 A CN 201710809866A CN 107439320 A CN107439320 A CN 107439320A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of greening method of concordant limestone breakage mountain body, comprise the following steps：（One）It is domatic for the stone pit of breakage mountain body of the height higher than 5 meters, danger stone, turquoise, float stone thereon are removed, and be backfilling into stone-pit；Then, the Drilling kind plant hole on striking platform, plantation arbor-vitae, locust tree, Chinese parasol tree etc.；In slope toe excavation planting groove, vine plant is transplanted；（Two）It is domatic for the stone pit of breakage mountain body of the height less than 5 meters, in slope toe excavation planting groove, transplant vine plant；（Three）For the stone pit bottom surface of breakage mountain body, excavation or Drilling kind plant hole, arbor is planted；Sow Wild grass；（Four）Maintenance：Carry out periodic maintenance in two years, maintenance content includes watering, apply fertilizer, reseeding, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control etc..The greening method of the present invention, using the Scientific Outlook on Development as guidance, consider the natural law of ecological recovery, do not pursue the effect got instant result, recovered natural, ecological, can be applicable in similar damage massif ecological recovery.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of greening method of concordant limestone breakage mountain body, belongs to massif ecological environment recovery technique neck
Domain.
Background technology
" everybody says that Yi Mengshan Mountain is good, wonderful sight ... on Yi Mengshan Mountain ", a bent graceful folk song sung Yimeng Mountain Areas that
Charming style and features.Mengyin County is located at Yimeng Mountain Areas innerland, and ecological environment is graceful, and geomorphological landforms and tourist resources enrich.Cloud
Wu Shan mountain ranges massif lithology is medium bed shape limestone, and positioned at the southern side of Beijing-Shanghai Expressway Mengyin section, massif trend is walked with limestone
To basically identical, belong to concordant limestone massif, it is right in history due to the random mining in more than 10 stone pits such as Mengyin County cement plant
Massif causes heavy damage, and massif vegetation is ruined, left the striking platform of baldness, have impact on massif ecological environment.
The content of the invention
For the above situation, the invention provides a kind of greening method of concordant limestone breakage mountain body.Breakage mountain body is adopted
Stone field production face is mostly sector shape or irregular, and exposed surface height is typically in 30~50m, and the striking platform gradient is typically at 56 °, side
Edge position rock loosens, and crag towers.Earth's surface often has a stone-pit and hillock before striking platform slope, and stone pit bottom width 5~
15m.The present invention greening method, it then follows principle of sound accounting, environment compatibility principle, permanent principle, scape control unification principle and
Economic principle.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions：
A kind of greening method of concordant limestone breakage mountain body, comprises the following steps：
（One）It is domatic for the stone pit of breakage mountain body of the height higher than 5 meters（Abbreviation striking platform）, remove danger stone thereon, pine
Stone, float stone, and be backfilling into stone-pit；Then, the Drilling kind plant hole on striking platform（Utilizing works rig is given a farfetched interpretation）, plant in plant hole
Filling soil（The soil on periphery, or the Nutrition Soil prepared）, plantation arbor-vitae, locust tree, Chinese parasol tree or other local wildlife species；Opened in toe
Dig a planting groove, backfill（The soil on periphery, or the Nutrition Soil prepared）, transplant the vine plants such as Pueraria lobota bar, Boston ivy；
Further, on the striking platform that rock is dense, cranny development is poor, the kind plant hole of rule is taken to give a farfetched interpretation mode；
On the striking platform of the relative development in crack, given a farfetched interpretation along crack；
Further, the cylinder that is shaped as of plant hole is planted, diameter is not less than 11cm, 60~100cm of depth；The seeding row spacing of kind plant hole
It can be in that blossom type is arranged for 2~3m × 2~3m, and suitably be encrypted according to actual conditions or sparse；
Further, plant hole is planted perpendicular to ground；
Further, the Drilling air vent on striking platform, ventilation bore dia in 20~30mm, air vent it is vertical with planting plant hole and
It is connected；
Further, the Nutrition Soil filled in kind of plant hole, rich in organic matter, crumb structure is intact, with preferable fertilizer conservation, thoroughly
Water, venting capability, soil acidity or alkalinity（PH value）Between 6~7, arid soil density is less than 1200kg/m3；
Further, arbor-vitae, locust tree, Chinese parasol tree or other local wildlife species, the nursery stock branch of plantation are planted in kind of plant hole to satisfy
Full, plant type is neat, and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground is no more than 1cm, and 30~60cm of plant height, root band soil ball, root system no disease and pests harm and pathogen, root system are protected
Deposit intact, no splitting root；
（Two）It is domatic for the stone pit of breakage mountain body of the height less than 5 meters, in one planting groove of slope toe excavation, backfill（Week
The soil on side, or the Nutrition Soil prepared）, transplant the vine plants such as Pueraria lobota bar, Boston ivy；
Further, groove width 40cm, deep 50cm are planted；Backfill the thick soil of 40cm；The spacing in the rows of planting groove is 30cm；
（Three）For the stone pit bottom surface of breakage mountain body, excavation or Drilling kind plant hole, plant and soil is filled in plant hole（The soil on periphery, or
The Nutrition Soil of preparation）, plant the arbor species such as willow, Chinese parasol tree；Wild grass is manually sowed to stone pit bottom surface（Local is wild
Grass seeds）, the purpose is to solid soil is dust-proof, water moisture self restraint, improve the ecological environment；
Further, the specification for planting plant hole is 1m × 1m × 1m, 2~3m of spacing, 2~3m of line-spacing；
（Four）Maintenance：After the completion of above-mentioned construction, periodic maintenance is carried out in two years, maintenance content is including watering, applying fertilizer, reseeding, disease
Pest control etc., it is specific as follows：
1. within curing period, the moistening of kind of plant hole, appropriate watering, fertilizing are kept（For arid biogeographic zone, it should suitably increase irrigation times,
Rainy season can suitably be reduced）；Later stage watering can follow " few time of volume " principle；
Further, selection carries out watering operation in the morning, and irrigation amount should typically make soil depending on soil property and evaporation capacity
10~15cm of moistening is advisable, and usual one week secondary, suitably increases number when arid；It is actual according to the scene of locality, it is proposed that to use
Drip irrigation is watered；
2. all nursery stocks during 15~20 days, are sprayed once after cultivation to various nursery stocks, to reach the mesh of pre- preventing disease and pest
, such as 800 times of carbendazim；
After 3. kind of a plant is completed one month, general census survives situation, is reseeded for the nursery stock substantially not survived；
4. after 2 years, the vegetation root system of transplanting has grown, and gradual plutone, survival rate improves, by its natural curing.
The greening method of the present invention, takes into full account the vertical planting thinking that " Qiao fill rattan grass " is combined, and facade greening is main
Based on shrub, bottom surface greening is to plant based on arbor, toe plantation vine plant.Arbor with local dominant tree white poplar or
Based on Chinese parasol tree tree, shrub can intersect plantation based on arbor-vitae.Vine plant is using local species Boston ivy, Pueraria lobota bar, burst kind
Plant.White poplar, Chinese parasol tree tree planting are in bottom surface.The greening method of the present invention, is unloaded to fragmented rock body, and it is hidden to eliminate safety
Trouble-afforested and beautified by the way of " Qiao, filling, rattan, grass " is combined to slope, using the Scientific Outlook on Development as guidance, consider
The natural law of ecological recovery, the effect got instant result is not pursued, has recovered natural, ecological, can be promoted in stone pit surrounding enviroment
Using.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1：Air vent arranges schematic diagram.
Fig. 2：Hill afforestating effect diagram.
Fig. 3：The Chinese parasol tree tree photo grown in limestone crack.
Fig. 4：The arbor-vitae photo of plantation.
Fig. 5：Administer preceding mountain top local pictures.
Fig. 6：Local pictures before improvement.
Fig. 7：The photo of breakage mountain body after improvement（One）.
Fig. 8：The photo of breakage mountain body after improvement（Two）.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.
Involved instrument, reagent, material etc. in following embodiments, it is existing in the prior art unless otherwise noted
Conventional instrument, reagent, material etc., can be obtained by regular commercial sources.
Stone pit Geological environment treatment scheme along example Shandong Province Mengyin County Beijing-Shanghai Expressway
First, area's overview is administered
1 physical geography
1.1 geographical position
Workspace is located at the southern side along the Beijing-Shanghai Expressway of the Mengyin County south of a city, Yunwu Mountain, the north side of sleeping Ox Mountain, by Mengyin County water
Ni Chang stone pits and more than ten individual small towns, village, individual stone pit composition.It is executive to be subordinate to Mengyin County.Intra zone traffic facilitates, Beijing-Shanghai height
Fast highway, 205 national highways pass through in the Mengyin south of a city, Yunwu Mountain northern foot.Workspace geographical coordinate：" -117 ° of 117 ° 53 ' of east longitude 00
55 ' 10 ", north latitude 35-degree 41 ' 02 " -35 ° 42 ' 43 "；This section administered is Hui Quan valleys section, and this section of breakage mountain body is about
632m, the m of bare area 3.66 ten thousand2。
It is 1.2 meteorological
Mengyin County is located in the continental monsoon climatic region of warm temperate zone semi-moist, throughout the year clearly, spring drought is windy for tool, the summer it is hot it is rainy,
The climate characteristics such as the clear and crisp days of autumn, winter cool-drying.13.4 DEG C of average temperature of the whole year, for many years（1971-2006）Average precipitation
752.8mm, year maximum precipitation 1100.6mm（Nineteen ninety）, the 6-9 months are concentrated mainly on by precipitation in monsoon climate effect year
Part, the 70%-80% of annual precipitation is accounted for, wherein the precipitation of 7, August part can account for more than the 50% of annual precipitation, so
The month, more heavy rains occurred（24 hours>50mm）, most heavy rain number 10 times in year（Nineteen ninety）, most torrential rain amount 358mm
（Nineteen sixty）.
1.3 the hydrology
Workspace is located near earth's surface watershed, is the upstream in Dong Wen rivers tributary, belong to ephemeral stream or coombe more.
2 geological conditions
2.1 topography and geomorphology
Workspace is mountains low-to-middle in height hills area, belongs to cuesta, 40 ° or so of natural grade, destructional landforms.Yunwu Mountain height above sea level in area
417.2mm, moved towards in northwest (NW)-east southeast, vegetation relatively develops, and scenery is beautiful.
2.2 stratum
Exposure stratum is relatively simple in area, and Cambrian system, Ordovician strata are sequentially distributed from south orientation north.Using mountain top earth's surface watershed as
Boundary, mountain southern side are Ao Tao and Cambrian limestone, shale zebra limestone, shale etc.；Mountain north side is Ordovician system grey thick-layer limestone.Adopt
Stone place band is Ordovician Majiagou Bei An village section grey limestone, and thick-layer, matter is pure, stratification development, is inclined to east northeast, formation dip
35~43 °.
Exposure stratum and distribution situation are by always to being newly described below in Xian Jiang areas：
1st, Cambrian system（∈）：It is distributed in Yunwu Mountain southern side, predominantly shallow-sea facies carbonate sediment.
Steamed bun group（∈M）：Purplish grey mica matter shale, siltstone and arenaceous shale are embedded small Oolitic Limestones, thickness
133mm。
Open summer group（∈j）：Grey medium bed Oolitic Limestones press from both sides celadon shale.Thickness 441m.
Gu Shan groups（∈jG）：Yellow green calcareous shale folder thin layer knob-like limestone, leaf of bamboo rock limestone, thickness 45m.
Parched rice shop group（∈j）：Grey leaf of bamboo shape calcirudite, thin layer limestone, algal limestone and Oolitic Limestones.Thickness 173m.
Three rockery groups（∈Ojs）:The grey medium bed fine grain dolomite of band containing chert nodule, small leaf of bamboo shape dolomite, carefully
Crystalline substance contains calcite dolomite.Thickness 65m.
2nd, the Ordovician system（O）：It is distributed in Yunwu Mountain north side.
Horse man ditch group（OM）：Grey thick-layer limestone, press from both sides shale dolomitic limestone, thickness 610m.Eastern Mount Huang section, light yellow angle
Psephitic shale dolomitic limestone, thickness 20m.Bei An village section, grey thick-layer limestone, thickness 112m.
2.3 engineering geology and disaster geology feature
Before the exploitation of stone pit, massif is mainly made up of limestone at this, block or layer structure, lithology be limestone, dolomitic limestone,
Oolitic limestone clip page rock, marl.Limestone densification is hard, and mechanical strength is high；Marl, shale easy-weathering, low intensity；Limestone fc
=90-160 kpa, dolomitic limestone fc=50-190 kpa.Engineering geological condition is good.
Being adopted strong effect by mine is influenceed, and massif landform shape is changed.Quarrying activity simultaneously also changes mountain
The engineering geological condition of body, especially substantially loosened in exploitation covering of the fan area, rock, cranny development, the crag of bulk also be present
Body, under freeze thawing, precipitation and shock effect, slump, avalanche easily occurs, neighbouring villager and road traffic are constituted a threat to.
3 present situations
Stone pit Hui Quan valleys section is located at the north side on Yunwu Mountain mountain range, Beijing-Shanghai Expressway south along the Beijing-Shanghai Expressway of Mengyin County
Side, Mengyin County Bureau of Land and Resources is in 2001-2002 by its Close All, and mining right people all losss at present.The section is quarried
Field limestone is in medium bed shape, relatively complete fine and close, local cranny development.
Through investigation, Hui Quan valleys section breakage mountain body is about 632m, and stone pit production face is mostly sector shape or irregular, exposed
For face height typically in 30-50m, the gross area is about 3.66 ten thousand m2, the striking platform gradient is typically at 56 ° or so, edge Lycopodium chinense Christ
Dynamic, crag towers.Earth's surface often has stone-pit and hillock before striking platform slope.Stone pit bottom width 5-15m, area is about
7200m2, stone pit bottom surface eastern section bottom surface planted Fast growth poplar, and west section bottom surface is still idle, does not carry out any processing.
The Fast growth poplar of plant grows fine.
2nd, resolution
1 striking platform is afforested and Beautification design general thought
On the premise of mutually coordinating with surrounding environment, careless tree planting is planted suitablely, suits measures to local conditions to carry out the greening and beautification of striking platform.Adopt
Stone face afforest with beautification should it is good with landscape, growth is stable, the careless seeds of thick raw easily pipe and economical and practical local carry out it is multi-level
Greening, build and combine and do not lose the engineering landscape of its unique landscape style together with natural environment.Specific design thinking is as follows：
1st, retain and recover the natural vegetation of original good landscape effect, and make full use of surrounding environment landscape feature.
2nd, striking platform side slope and stone pit bottom surface Shun Po are made use of momentum and carry out topography reform, made landform in order, do water and soil conservation well,
Mutually coordinate with natural environment around as far as possible.
3rd, basic greening thinking：It is less than 5m striking platform for height, the rattan classes such as toe plantation Boston ivy can be used to plant
Quilt, the tall and big arbor of stone pit bottom surface plantation are blocked；Highly be more than 5m striking platform, interspersed on striking platform formula plantation arbor-vitae,
The evergreen shrubs such as black pine.
4th, the selection of species is afforested mainly according to the natural environment of locality, with reference to weather conditions, attractive in appearance, economic, practical
Principle under take the mode that " Qiao, filling, rattan, grass " is combined, with the multi-level afforestation effect for reaching active and widening the vision.
2 is domatic（Striking platform）
2.1 Dangerous Rock Bodies are cleared up
Loosening fractured rock on striking platform, it is dangerous larger, it is necessary to it to be unloaded, unloading mainly uses the construction of manual cleaning
Method, the danger stone on domatic, turquoise, float stone must be removed totally.Unloading rock is directly backfilling into the stone-pit of periphery.Unloading
Volume about 500m3。
There is high about 12m at one stone pit east bottom surface, is about 9m, thickness 3m or so " small tor ", it is proposed that is provided on territory
Source department is adopted flat by enterprise, collective of village or individual under supervising.If this is not yet handled before administering, this enters its table
Layer Dangerous Rock Body unloading.
2.2 greening schemes
Cave kind is used on striking platform（Perforating is planted）Greening mode, i.e., utilizing works rig is given a farfetched interpretation certain diameter on striking platform
With the kind plant hole of depth.The kind plant hole for taking rule in the striking platform that rock is dense, cranny development is poor is given a farfetched interpretation mode, plant
Away from substantially according to 2m × 2m, arranged in blossom type.In crack, the location of relative development is mainly given a farfetched interpretation along crack.Its seeding row spacing is joined
According to 2m × 2m, according to the separately suitably encryption or sparse of the actual conditions of cranny development.Filling is prepared in the kind plant hole given a farfetched interpretation
The local species such as Nutrition Soil, plantation arbor-vitae, locust tree, Chinese parasol tree（As shown in Figure 4）.Can directly it exist on the striking platform for thering is soil to accumulate
Digged pit in soil and plant arbor-vitae etc..Slope toe excavation 40cm depths 50cm one wide simple planting groove, Nutrition Soil thick backfill 40cm, is pressed
According to rattan classes such as spacing in the rows 30cm plant Pueraria lobotas bar, Boston ivy.Slot length 650m is planted, it is necessary to earth and stone digging 130m3, backfill Nutrition Soil
105m3。
3 stone pits bottom surface
Stone pit floor treatment is mainly to take the afforestation mode of " tall, grass is combined ".Arbor with plant locality willow, Chinese parasol tree
Based on arbor species.In view of occlusion effect, substantially according to spacing 2-3m, line-spacing 2-3m is planted suitablely.Kind plant hole is abundant
Using the existing stone-pit in bottom surface, without the place of stone-pit, can hand excavation plant plant hole, kind plant hole is according to 1m × 1m × 1m's
Specification is excavated, it is contemplated that needs to excavate kind of a plant hole 500, cubic metre of earth and stone 500m3, backfill Nutrition Soil 500m3.Grass greenization is mainly the bottom of at
Dough figurine work sows local Wild grass, the purpose is to solid soil is dust-proof, water moisture self restraint, improves the ecological environment, it is contemplated that need grass seeds
20kg。
4 afforest and beautify engineering
Afforest and beautify engineering and take into full account the vertical planting thinking that " Qiao fill rattan grass " is combined, facade greening mainly using shrub as
Main, bottom surface greening is to plant based on arbor, toe plantation vine plant.Arbor using local dominant tree white poplar or Chinese parasol tree tree as
Main, shrub can intersect plantation based on arbor-vitae, black pine.Vine plant is using local species Boston ivy, Pueraria lobota bar, burst plantation.
White poplar, Chinese parasol tree tree planting are in bottom surface, according to spacing 2-3m line-spacings 2-3m；Arbor-vitae, black pine seeding row spacing are substantially according to 2m × 2m；
Rattan class plants 1 row, spacing in the rows 30cm.Through budgetary estimate, this afforestation project needs 500 plants of arbor, 8000 plants of shrub, rattan class 2200 altogether
Strain.
The 5 Nutrition Soil earthwork
The kind plant hole that perforating is given a farfetched interpretation for cylinder, diameter by 11cm calculate, depth by 60cm calculating, bottom surface arbor kind plant hole according to
1m × 1m × 1m specification calculates, and takes into full account the Nutrition Soil needed for the plantation of rattan class, is computed needing Nutrition Soil altogether about
650m3。
6 maintenances
After the completion of construction, it is necessary to periodically conserved, maintenance content includes watering, apply fertilizer, reseeding, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control etc..
1st, within curing period, the moistening of kind of plant hole should be always maintained at, for arid biogeographic zone, should suitably increase irrigation times, rain
Season can suitably be reduced, after six weeks, depending on growing state watering, fertilizing.Later stage watering should follow " few time of volume " principle.
2nd, all nursery stocks during 15-20 days, are sprayed once after cultivation to various nursery stocks, using 800 times of carbendazim as
It is main, to reach the purpose of pre- preventing disease and pest.
3rd, after construction is completed one month, general census shrub, liana survive situation, for the nursery stock substantially not survived
It should give and reseed.
4th, selection carries out watering operation to plant in the morning, and irrigation amount should typically make depending on soil property and evaporation capacity
Ground moistening 10-15cm is advisable, and usual one week secondary, suitably increases number when arid.It is actual according to the scene of locality, it is proposed that
Watered by the way of greening vehicle sprinkling.
5th, mid-term and later stage after constructing, the gradual succession development of vegetation, formed to reach predetermined phytobiocoenose, water and soil
The targets such as holding, landscape recovering, child care and renewal etc. should be carried out and maintain operation, while carry out the preventing and treating of pest and disease damage.
6th, the preventing and treating of disease should regard symptom type and the cause of disease, using rational irrigation and drainage, apply fertilizers scientifically or spray agrochemical
Measure actively prevents and treats.
7th, after completion of works, domestic demand is conserved meticulously within 2 years, and after 2 years, shrub, the liana root system of transplanting have been developed, and are sowed grass seeds by duster
Grass seeds and shrub seedses also well-grown, survival rate improve, and wild draft shrub also gradual plutone, by its nature
Maintenance.
3rd, construction requirement
1 slope surface treatment and chisel cave
The requirement of 1.1 slope surface treatments
The unloading of domatic Dangerous Rock Body is typically constructed using artificial method, and domatic danger stone, turquoise, float stone must be removed totally, need
Domatic to stablize behind slope of cutting for cutting slope smoothes out.In domatic construction it is noted that it is following some：
1st, the unloading of domatic Dangerous Rock Body is carried out according to order from top to bottom, is important to carry out the security protection work in work progress
Make.
2nd, domatic debris, danger stone are cleared up, smoothes out domatic kept stable, unstable to shallow-layer is domatic, can take
Point-like whitewashing stabilizes it.
3rd, to excessively smooth domatic, certain concavo-convex mat surface should be built, to build the living space of plant.
4th, to domatic original vegetation it is noted that protection, it is impossible to arbitrarily destroy.
1.2 kinds are planted work of spreading manuer in holes
1st, facade kind plant hole
Because massif is steeper, rock be in-thick-layer shape, kind plant hole spacing 2m × 2m.Blast reaming is used after the pore-forming of small-bore, easily
Damaged again, the landslide of massif are caused, forms new disaster, according to the geological conditions of conventional construction experience and the engineering,
The factors such as the ecological environment of existing massif plant, to ensure the survival rate of kind of plant, using 108~Ф's of bore diameter Ф 127
Drill bit carries out pore-forming, the mm of 110~Ф of drilling diameter Ф 130, and depth of pore forming is not less than 60cm.Water drilling is used during drilling, to kind
Whether plant hole has crack（Leak is water-tight）, the size in crack（Leak it is fast with it is slow）Be easy to judge, for without crack or
The less hole in crack can suitably increase hole depth, pair it cannot be guaranteed that plant survival hole, to carry out technical finesse.Main attention
Item is as follows：
（1）Perforating is blocked in the domatic progress away from more than bottom of slope 5-8m, the shrub that its underpart is transplanted mainly by bottom surface.
（2）Perforating should be no less than 110mm by the direction of vertical bottom face, diameter, into the not small 50cm of empty depth.
（3）Rock is fine and close, the technical finesse of cranny development poorly section striking platform
It is unfavorable to plant growth to be planted because rock is dense, cranny development is poor, after pore-forming, therefore plantation cavities is carried out
Technical finesse, the method that Drilling air vent can be taken.Air vent is horizontal direction, vertical with kind of plant hole and be connected, diameter
Control is in 20-30mm or so, as shown in Figure 1.
（4）The selection of instrument
It is recommended that using Portable light engineering driller, its advantage is：Rig is in light weight, easy to operate, efficiency high, can reduce rock
The percentage of damage in stone face, and can prevent striking platform from occurring phenomena such as rubble, turquoise and float stone again, reduce potential safety hazard.
2nd, bottom surface arbor kind plant hole
The mode based on artificial dig pit is taken, the modes such as machinery, explosion can be taken if necessary, kind plant hole design specification is 1m × 1m
×1m。
2 afforestation projects
Afforestation project mainly includes backfill planting soil and plantation Qiao, filled, rattan class, and the massif after plantation is domatic to see Fig. 2.
The processing of 2.1 Nutrition Soils
The planting matrix soil for being suitable for hill afforestating is pulled to processing site first, 15mm requirement is less than according to particle diameter, using people
Work adds the operating type of machinery to carry out fine screen, according to certain ratio that turfy soil, cow dung, chicken manure, wood is fine while sieving native
The fillers such as dimension, wood sawdust, water-loss reducer, binder, soil conditioner, plant growth substance, pH buffer, compound fertilizer and grass seeds
After being mixed and stirred according to different phase, dry to dry and comfortable degree, it is standby to be pulled to job site.
2.2 greening general requirements
1st, for Qiao on original wild deserted mountain, shrub, retained in principle；Striking platform bottom heap has the place of soil, should
Dig the cave plant shrub such as arbor-vitae, and suitable transplant rattan class crop and broadcast sowing weeds kind.
2nd, construct before should find out administer area in along nearby irrigation pipe arrangement, flow to or can water supply and sewage ditch situation
And the ponding situation after heavy rain, so as to the drainage measure during constructing and conserving, setting yard drain flow direction.
3rd, on the premise of construction needs are met, construction land tenure is reduced as far as possible, and job site arrangement is wanted compact and reasonable, protected
The original of good job site leaves trees etc..
4th, timbered location, spacing in the rows do not reach 3m for bottom surface, appropriate encryption.
2.3 plant（Sow）Engineering
1st, the plant of nursery stock
Trees transport to scene, and as the same day can not plant, root is just covered, and as a period of time can not be colonized, should heel in immediately
Irrigated without prejudice to greening construction, transport more convenient and can wind sheltering and the not place of ponding.
2nd, nursery stock requires that band soil ball is transplanted, and soil ball neglects greatly the determination of nursery stock size, and main root system can be wrapped in soil ball
, wrapping can use straw rope, and wrapping degree is not dissipated by soil ball to be defined, and should remove wrapping material after nursery stock is put into planting pit during plant
Material, in order to root growth.
3rd, it should be selected before nursery stock is come into operation, meet the requirement of design so that same operation area nursery stock size is whole
Together, growth is uniform, and the nursery stock that, root system weak to growth potential is badly damaged should reject.
4th, one people is helped trunk directly with hand during the transplanted seedling tree of stone pit bottom surface, is put into hole, and another people will cheat the good soil on side
Insert.When soil inserts half, nursery stock is lifted up with hand, makes rhizome junction equal with ground, then will be native steady and sure.
Continue to insert soil, until with Horizon or slightly above untill Horizon, and carried out with the earth bank that will be watered.
5th, vegetation specification：White poplar 35~40 ㎜, high ﹥ 2m；The high 60cm of arbor-vitae；Rattan class 60cm.
6th, rattan class is transplanted
Rattan class root is preferably with soil ball, is transplanted according to spacing in the rows 30m.Be loaded into soil box in will to its root nutrition soil appropriate compacting,
To be gone out when avoiding watering.Plant that afternoon will pour before knocking off to it.
7th, grass seeds broadcasts sowing
Grass seeds is moistened and admixed in the Nutrition Soil of moistening in advance, uniform broadcasting after the rain uses straw screen or mat in massif bottom surface after broadcasting sowing
Son covers and curtain hardening was taken off after 1 week.
3 procedure calls
The characteristics of according to administering, this improvement should take following sequence of construction：Dangerous Rock Body cleaning → facade kind plant hole is dug → stood
Face greening → bottom surface arrangement → bottom surface greening.
Wherein the cleaning of Dangerous Rock Body, plant the cutting of plant hole, facade greening takes order from top to bottom.
4th, feasibility analysis and expected performance analysis
1 feasibility analysis
This main target administered is afforested on the basis of geological disaster hidden danger is eliminated, and keeps permanent greening to imitate
Fruit, progressively repair massif ecological functions.
This administers the Dangerous Rock Body first to being loosened on striking platform（Collapse body）Unloaded, eliminated safe hidden trouble, ensured
Engineering construction is not threatened by geological disaster.Threat of the rock fall disaster to local villager's security of the lives and property is also eliminated simultaneously.
The design of facade kind plant hole employs " flowerpot principle ", it is ensured that the ventilation of vegetation root system, so as to ensure its survival rate
The effect afforested for a long time.According to investigation, administered in distance on other section breakage mountain bodies of area less than 500m, crack kind is wild
Chinese parasol tree growth it is vigorous（As shown in Figure 3）, many top layer cracks, which are relatively developed section and all grown, wild careless shrub, and this illustrates at this
" stone life " phenomenon is more universal, possesses preferably artificial greening basic condition.
Facade vegetation composition uses the evergreen black pine of drought-enduring, impoverishment tolerant, the four seasons, arbor-vitae, can ensure long-term greening effect
Fruit, it helps the recovery of massif ecological functions, simultaneously because the pine and cypress in mountain top portion is mutually coordinated, fully have followed and surrounding environment
The principle mutually coordinated.
The means of high megaphanerophyte greening are taken in bottom surface, have both served the preferable effect of blocking, and and can enough produces certain warp
Ji benefit.Due to being gratuitously transferred to local common people after greening, this behave has also given full play to the local masses and has participated in maintenance
Enthusiasm.
Wild grass is broadcasted sowing in bottom surface, carries out blanket type greening, can not only play a part of greening environment, the growth of vegetation
Its root system can also play a part of solidification to the not thick soil in top layer, prevent and treat airborne dust.Life can be promoted with water moisture self restraint simultaneously
The recovery of state function.
Fig. 5, Fig. 6 are the photo before administering；Fig. 7, Fig. 8 are the photo of breakage mountain body after administering.It is visible by contrasting, administer
Afterwards, afforestation effect is notable.
The budget of this control expense is in strict accordance with country and saves relevant criterion, and the use of fund is in strict accordance with state's domestic discipline and family rules
Fixed, implementation is allocated a fund for its specified purpose, the smooth implementation that fund can ensure.
In summary, this harnessing project technical measures is feasible, and capital budgeting is reasonable, can ensure item according to embodiment
Purpose is smoothly implemented.
2 are expected performance analysis
Mine geological environment is administered before the impossible former quarrying of recovery as former state naturally along this Mengyin County Beijing-Shanghai Expressway
Matter geomorphologic landscape, but the geological environment after improvement, will while showing graceful honourable, produce obvious environmental benefit,
Social benefit.
2.1 environmental benefit
Since limestone ore deposit is exploited, nature geological environment is destroyed at this, excavates massif, the accumulation of debris heap and later life rubbish
Rubbish, building waste accumulation, the heavy damage ecological environment on Yunwu Mountain mountain range, directly affects the image in Yimeng old area, Mengyin
It the improvement of stone pit mine geological environment along county's Beijing-Shanghai Expressway, can be beautified the environment, water conservation, prevented with stable side slope
Only soil erosion and landslide, purify air, enhancing landscape, and its Significance for Environment protrudes.
2.2 social benefit
After engineering control, summer, The trees make a pleasant shade at this, and flowers and plants are mutually reflected.Change over dirty, random, dangerous state, occupied to be local
It is the place to go lain fallow after dinner at one that the people, which provide, can by local common people warm welcome and expect earnestly；Meanwhile this is controlled
Science and engineering journey also will be Yimeng old area building Socialist New and build a harmonious socialist society and make specific contribution.
Along the Beijing-Shanghai Expressway of Mengyin County in " line of the 3rd area two " visual range maximum as our province area of stone pit
Abandoned mine, its harnessing project can be used as typical case to promote.
Claims (7)
- A kind of 1. greening method of concordant limestone breakage mountain body, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：（One）It is domatic for the stone pit of breakage mountain body of the height higher than 5 meters, danger stone, turquoise, float stone thereon are removed, and backfill Into stone-pit；Then, the Drilling kind plant hole on striking platform, plant and soil is filled in plant hole, plantation arbor-vitae, locust tree, Chinese parasol tree or other Local wildlife species；In slope toe excavation planting groove, backfill, vine plant is transplanted；（Two）It is domatic for the stone pit of breakage mountain body of the height less than 5 meters, in slope toe excavation planting groove, backfill, transplant rattan Class plant；（Three）For the stone pit bottom surface of breakage mountain body, excavation or Drilling kind plant hole, plant and soil is filled in plant hole, plant arbor；To Manually sow Wild grass in stone pit bottom surface；（Four）Maintenance：After the completion of above-mentioned construction, periodic maintenance is carried out in two years, maintenance content is including watering, applying fertilizer, reseeding, disease Pest control etc., it is specific as follows：（1）Within curing period, the moistening of kind of plant hole, appropriate watering, fertilizing are kept；（2）All nursery stocks during 15~20 days, are sprayed once after cultivation to various nursery stocks；（3）After plantation is completed one month, general census survives situation, is reseeded for the nursery stock substantially not survived；（4）After 2 years, shrub, the liana root system of transplanting have been developed, spray and gradual plutone, by its natural curing.
- 2. the greening method of concordant limestone breakage mountain body according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The vine plant choosing From Pueraria lobota bar, Boston ivy.
- 3. the greening method of concordant limestone breakage mountain body according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The arbor is selected from thorn Chinese scholartree, willow, Chinese parasol tree.
- 4. the greening method of concordant limestone breakage mountain body according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The shape of described kind of plant hole Shape is cylinder, and diameter is not less than 11cm, 60~100cm of depth；The seeding row spacing of kind plant hole is 2~3m × 2~3m.
- 5. the greening method of the concordant limestone breakage mountain body according to claim 1 or 4, it is characterised in that：Described kind of plant hole Perpendicular to ground.
- 6. the greening method of concordant limestone breakage mountain body according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The plantation groove width 40cm, deep 50cm；Backfill the thick soil of 40cm；The spacing in the rows of planting groove is 30cm.
- 7. the greening method of concordant limestone breakage mountain body according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：On stone pit is domatic Drilling air vent, for ventilation bore dia in 20~30mm, air vent is vertical and be connected with planting plant hole.
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| CN108476648A (en) * | 2018-02-26 | 2018-09-04 | 福建省林业科学研究院（福建省林业技术发展研究中心、福建省林业生产力促进中心、中国林业科学研究院海西分院） | A kind of method and system of rock coast Difficult site revegetation |
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| CN112243788A (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2021-01-22 | 承德京城矿业集团有限公司 | Method for soft foundation slope geomembrane nutrition pot composite afforestation and locust thereof |
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| CN115299279A (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2022-11-08 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Method for quickly repairing soilless wound side slope vegetation |
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Application publication date: 20171208 |