CN103650882B - Method for cultivating peonies on coastal saline and alkaline land - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for cultivating peonies on coastal saline and alkaline land. The method includes the following steps of land preparation, planting hole digging, field planting, water draining, watering and culture and management. The survival rate of the peonies cultivated through the method reaches 96.7%-97.8%, peony color is bright, the ornamental value is high, it is made possible that the peonies can be massively planted on the coastal saline and alkaline land, the gaps for introducing the peonies in a Tianjin Binhai new area are filled in, the variety of greening plants in a coastal region is enriched, and the city greening landscape effect is greatly improved.

Description

A kind of cultivation method of sea peony in saline-alkali land

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of flower cultivation, and in particular relates to a method for cultivating peony, in particular to a method for cultivating peony on coastal saline-alkali land.

Background technique

Peony, scientific name Paeonia suffruticosa, Ranunculaceae, Paeoniae genus. It is native to the northwestern part of my country, and the mountains in the Qinling Mountains and Daba Mountains are mostly wild, and they are small perennial deciduous shrubs. Peony is a unique woody and precious flower in my country. It has a long history of cultivation and has a history of more than 1,500 years of artificial cultivation. It has become an ornamental plant in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. It is a symbol of grace, luxury, auspiciousness and prosperity, and has the laudatory title of "king of flowers" and "national beauty and heavenly fragrance".

Peony likes a warm, humid and sunny environment, likes sunlight, and is also resistant to semi-shade, cold-resistant, drought-resistant, weak alkali-resistant, afraid of heat, afraid of summer sun exposure, and will enter a dormant state when the temperature is above 25°C, afraid of waterlogging, and avoid continuous cropping . It is suitable for growing in loose, deep, fertile, high-dry, well-drained neutral sandy loam soil.

With the rapid and sustainable development of our country's social economy and the improvement of people's living standards, higher requirements are put forward for urban environmental construction. The coastal area of Tianjin, my country is an area with dense urban population and relatively developed social and economic benefits. However, the Binhai area of Tianjin belongs to the heavily saline-alkaline area, with an area of 2.309 million mu of saline soil, a shallow groundwater level (0.5-1m), high salinity (70-108g/L), and high soil salinity (0 -30cm is 0.421% on average, and 30-60cm is 0.395% on average), the secondary alkalization of the soil is significant, the site conditions are special, and it faces three major problems, such as severe land salinization, water shortage and fragile ecosystem. "The Forbidden Area of Green Plants". After years of continuous soil improvement, the living conditions of plants have been greatly improved, but the phenomenon of secondary salinization in urban green spaces is still relatively common, most of the soil is still mild saline-alkali soil type, which still poses great harm to the survival of plants . In recent years, through the unremitting efforts of governments at all levels and affiliated enterprises, the urban greening environment has been better improved, and the greening rate has been greatly improved. However, there are still problems such as simple urban greening structure, single plant community, and poor diversity.

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the introduction and domestication of peonies have been carried out in various places, among which the most work has been done on the introduction of peonies in the Central Plains. Heze in Shandong, Lanzhou in Gansu, Pengzhou in Sichuan and Shanghai are the most successful introductions, but there is also a tendency that the color and luster will not be bright, the color will be light and dull, and the ornamental value will decrease after the introduction and survival. However, in the Binhai area of Tianjin, the natural conditions are harsh. Over the years, the introduction of peonies has repeatedly failed, and there are almost no large-scale plantings. The invention provides a method for planting peonies in coastal saline-alkali land, which makes it possible to introduce peonies in coastal saline-alkali areas, and is of great significance for improving urban greening level and landscape effect.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating peonies in coastal saline-alkali land, which includes steps such as site preparation, digging planting holes, planting, drainage, watering, and maintenance. This method was used to carry out a large-scale peony planting experiment in Tianjin Binhai New Area. Practice has proved that the survival rate of large-scale planting peony on coastal saline-alkali land can reach 96.7-97.8%. Vegetation types play a positive role in improving the effect of urban greening landscape.

The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:

A method for cultivating peony in coastal saline-alkali land, comprising the steps of:

1), land preparation

In September and October, when the ground temperature is 18-23°C, choose a sunny place, not easy to accumulate water, high terrain, at least 30cm above the ground, and good drainage. The land to be planted should be plowed to a depth of 75-85cm, and the soil should be turned up. 1. Mix the soil, river sand, and peat soil to make planting soil, and check the pH value of the planting soil. When the pH value is greater than 8, add ferrous sulfate to adjust the pH value to between 6.5-8; backfill the planting soil;

2), dig planting hole

Dig planting holes according to the row spacing of 90cm-120cm, the hole depth is 40-50cm, and the diameter is 20-30cm;

3), colonization

4), drainage

Dig a 30-40cm deep drainage ditch at the edge of the plantation to ensure good drainage;

5), watering

For the first watering, use flood irrigation, or make soil hole watering, be sure to water thoroughly; after that, do not water or fertilize within one month. For daily maintenance, ditch and water between the rows to allow water to permeate naturally from both sides. (Watering doesn't have to be too frequent, just keep the soil from getting too dry.)

6), maintenance and management

Loose soil weeding:

Topdressing: topdressing once every spring rain and before the beginning of winter, topdressing each tree with 1.5kg of barn fertilizer and 0.5kg of cake fertilizer; 15-20 days before flowering, apply nutrient fertilizer, 0.02kg/ ^m2 of urea and 0.05kg/m2 of diammonium phosphate ² ; Carry out foliage fertilization with 0.5% (percentage by weight) potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the flowering stage, spray 2-3 times; Topdress once decomposed bean cake water after flowering, the ratio of fertilizer and water is 20% (percentage by weight); July-September no fertilization;

summer cooling;

Waterlogging prevention in rainy season;

Winter protection.

Preferably, in the step 1), the mass ratio of soil: river sand: peat soil is 1:1:1.

Preferably, the planting step is as follows: if the planting step is bare-rooted seedlings, grasp the junction of the rhizomes with the left hand, place the plant in the center of the planting hole, straighten the root system with the right hand, distribute the root system evenly around, and fill the soil to half When making a hole, lift the seedling up to 1cm from the hole, and shake it gently to make the fine soil enter the gap between the roots. After filling the hole with soil, step on it hard to make the soil around the plant tightly compacted. (Avoid loose soil at the bottom of the planting hole, there are many gaps, and rainwater will accumulate, which is not good for the roots.) If the planting step is to bring ball seedlings with soil, the planting hole should be larger than the soil ball, so that all the soil balls are buried in the hole, and pressed firmly . Immediately after planting, seal with soil, cover the aboveground part with soil 15-20cm, and cover the joints of rhizomes. (Remove a part when loosening the soil in the following spring, which can protect the flower seedlings against winter cold and spring drought).

Preferably, the step of loosening the soil and weeding includes: weeding at any time to ensure that the planting land is always kept loose and grass-free, loosening the soil more than 5 times a year, and timely hoeing to loosen the soil after rain. From late October to early November, remove dead and diseased branches in time to clear the garden thoroughly.

Preferably, the step of cooling in summer is as follows: from July to the end of August in summer, a sunshade net is set up above the planting ground, and the distance from the sunshade net to the ground is more than 1m, so as to ensure ventilation while shading. Or plant vines on the west side of the planting ground for shade in summer, but the height of the vines must be high enough, and under the premise of ensuring shade, it must be ventilated. Set up a sunshade net. When the temperature exceeds 35°C, you can put straw curtains or reeds on the sunshade net and remove it in the evening. It is also possible to spray water upwards to cool down, and it is advisable to spray water without dripping water. You can also spread trimmed fresh garden waste, such as foliage or lawn grass, over the shade mesh.

Preferably, the step of waterlogging prevention in the rainy season is: in the rainy season, if the rain is dense and the rainfall is too large, in addition to digging drainage ditches, a plastic shed can also be built to cover the rain.

Preferably, the winter cold protection step is: in early November, a wind barrier is erected in the north of the planting site, with a height of 0.5-1m higher than the plant and a horizontal distance of 0.5m from the plant. More preferably, cover the roots with a layer of dry cow dung to keep them out of the cold.

The beneficial effects of the method for cultivating peonies in coastal saline-alkali soils of the present invention are as follows: the peonies planted according to the present invention have a survival rate of 96.7-97.8%, bright colors and high ornamental value, making it possible to plant peonies on a large scale on coastal saline-alkali soils, It fills the gap in the introduction of peonies in Tianjin Binhai New Area, enriches the types of green vegetation in the Binhai area, and greatly improves the effect of urban green landscape.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples.

Take the peony planting implemented in Tianjin Binhai New Area as an example.

The peony planting site is located in the high-voltage corridor of Badajie between Nanhai Road and Taihua Road, with an area of about 5000m ² . The peony seedlings planted are three-year-old seedlings with soil balls.

The method for cultivating peony in coastal saline-alkali land comprises the steps:

1 site preparation

The selected planting site is facing the sun, and the terrain is relatively high, 30cm above the ground, and it is not easy to accumulate water. At the end of September, when the ground temperature is 18-23°C, turn the land to be planted. The depth of the land preparation is about 80cm. Turn up the soil. According to the mass ratio of soil: river sand: peat soil = 1:1:1, make planting soil and test The pH of the planting soil was 7.68 and backfilled.

2 dig planting hole

Dig planting holes according to the row spacing of 110cm, the hole depth is 40cm, and the diameter is 30cm.

3 colonization

Bury all the soil balls in the hole, fill the soil tightly and compact it until the top of the soil balls is flush with the ground. Cover the aboveground part with soil 15cm. And make a hole with a diameter of 60cm around the plant.

4 Digging drainage ditches and watering ditches

Dig a 40cm deep drainage ditch at the edge of the plantation. Dig a 20cm deep watering ditch between the rows.

5 watering

Pour water into the soil hole, water thoroughly.

6 maintenance

Soil loosening and weeding: Weeding at any time, from March to November, loosening the soil once at the beginning of each month, and hoeing the ground to loosen the soil in time after the rain. In early November, the dead and diseased branches were removed and the garden was cleared.

Topdressing: In early February and early November, apply 1.5kg of decomposed manure and 0.5kg of cake fertilizer to each tree. Apply urea 0.02kg/m ² and diammonium phosphate 0.05kg/m ² in mid-April. Use 0.5% (percentage by weight) potassium dihydrogen phosphate to fertilize the leaves during the flowering period, and spray twice. Apply 20% (by weight) decomposed bean cake water in early June.

Cooling: From the beginning of July to the end of August, from 9 to 17 o'clock, set up a sunshade net above the planting ground. The distance from the sunshade net to the ground is 1m. Spray water to cool down.

Waterlogging prevention: When the rainfall exceeds 25mm in summer, build a plastic shed to cover the rain and keep the drainage ditch unimpeded.

Cold protection: In early November, set up a 1.5m high wind barrier in the north of the planting site, with a horizontal distance of 0.5m from the plants, and cover the roots of the plants with a layer of dry cow dung.

The peonies planted have a survival rate of 97% in the first year, and the flowers are large and colorful.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the technical solution of the present invention in any form. All simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a method for cultivating peony in coastal saline-alkali land, is characterized in that: comprises the steps: 1), land preparation In September and October, when the ground temperature is 18-23 ℃, choose a sunny place, not easy to accumulate water, high terrain, at least 30 cm above the ground, and good drainage. Turn over the land to be planted. Pick up the soil, mix the soil, river sand, and peat soil to make planting soil, and check the pH value of the planting soil. When the pH value is greater than 8, add ferrous sulfate to adjust the pH value to between 6.5-8; backfill; 2), dig planting hole Dig planting holes according to the row spacing of 90 cm-120 cm, the hole depth is 40-50 cm, and the diameter is 20-30 cm; 3), colonization 4), drainage Dig a 30-40 cm deep drainage ditch at the edge of the plantation to ensure good drainage; 5), watering For the first watering, use the method of flooding with flood water, or make soil hole watering, and be sure to water thoroughly; after that, do not water or fertilize within one month, and open ditches between rows for daily maintenance, so that water can naturally seep from both sides; 6), maintenance and management Loose soil weeding: Topdressing: topdressing once every spring rain and before the beginning of winter, topdressing each tree with 1.5 kg of barn fertilizer and 0.5 kg of cake fertilizer; 15-20 days before flowering, apply nutrient fertilizer, that is, apply urea 0.02 kg/ ^m2 and diammonium phosphate 0.05 kg/ m ² ; 0.5% (percentage by weight) potassium dihydrogen phosphate is used for foliar fertilization during the flowering period, spraying 2-3 times; topdressing decomposed bean cake water after flowering, and the ratio of fertilizer and water is 20% (percentage by weight); 7-9 Monthly no fertilization; summer cooling; Waterlogging prevention in rainy season; Winter protection. 2. The method for cultivating peony in coastal saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 1), the mass ratio of soil: river sand: peat soil is 1:1:1. 3. The coastal saline land peony cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: said step 3) the planting step is: if the planting step is a bare-root seedling, then the left hand grasps the joint of the rhizome, and the plant is placed In the center of the hole, straighten the root system with the right hand, so that the root system is evenly distributed around. When filling the soil to half the hole, lift the seedling up to 1 cm from the hole mouth, and shake it gently, so that the fine soil enters the gap between the roots and fills the hole with soil. Finally, step on it hard to make the soil around the plant tightly compacted. If the planting step is to bring seedlings with soil balls, the planting hole should be larger than the soil ball, so that all the soil balls are buried in the hole, and the soil around the plant is compacted. After planting, Immediately seal it with soil, cover the aboveground part with soil 15-20 cm, and cover the junction of rhizomes. 4. The peony cultivation method in coastal saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step of loosening the soil and weeding in the step 6) is: weeding at any time to ensure that the planting site always maintains a loose and weed-free state, loosening the soil 5 times a year Above, hoe the ground and loosen the soil in time after the rain. From late October to early November, remove dead and diseased branches in time to clear the garden thoroughly. 5. The coastal saline soil peony cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the summer cooling step of step 6) is: from July to the end of August in summer, a sunshade net is set up above the planting site, and the sunshade net is 1.5 meters away from the ground. m or more, shade and ventilation are ensured at the same time. 6. The method for cultivating peonies on coastal saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: the rainy season waterlogging prevention step of said step 6) is: when the summer rainfall exceeds 25 mm, a plastic shed is built to cover the rain, and the drainage ditch is kept unimpeded . 7. The method for cultivating peony in coastal saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: the winter cold protection step of the step 6) is: in early November, a wind barrier is set up on the north side of the planting site, and the height exceeds the plant by 0.5-1 m, The horizontal distance from the plant is 0.5 m, and a layer of dry cow dung is covered on the root.