CN104718940A - Cultivation method for good-quality and high-yield peonies - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method for good-quality and high-yield peonies. The method includes the steps that fine soil preparation is conducted; base fertilizer is applied; plant division is conducted; planting is conducted; field management is conducted; harvesting is conducted. The invention provides an artificial cultivation production technology of the good-quality and high-yield peonies. Supported by the base of a modern agricultural science and technology, the survival rate is high, the course can be controlled, the production cycle is short, and the method is easy and convenient to operate by using the plant division method of a modern industrial technological means; the good-quality and high-yield peonies can be obtained, the yield per unit area by 1500-2000 kg of fresh roots is achieved.

Description

A kind of good quality and high output Peony growing method

Technical field

The invention belongs to traditional Chinese medicine field of planting, be specifically related to a kind of good quality and high output Peony growing method.

Background technology

Tree peony has another name called deer fragrant-flowered garlic, wooden Chinese herbaceous peony, rich and honour flower, is Ranunculaceae Paeonia, machaka.Stem is high about 1 meter, goes out winglike compound leaf two times three, flower both sexes, large-scale and beautiful, is singly born in the top of current-year branch, multiple lobe, and pattern is abundant red, powder, Huang, green, white, blue, purple isochrome, has the good reputation of " aromatic ", " king in spending ".Tree peony, except the ornamental value of its flower, also has very high medical value.Being processed into " root bark of tree peony " by the root of tree peony, is famous and precious Chinese herbal medicine.Its cold nature, taste is pungent, nontoxic, enter the heart, liver, kidney three warp, have loose hemostasis, purify the blood and blood, pain relieving, the effect of stimulating the menstrual flow, reduce blood pressure in addition, effect of anti-inflammation, clothes can be lengthened the life by beneficial body for a long time.Protein, zinc, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and vitamin group, carotenoid, amino acid, polysaccharide and multiple unsaturated fatty acid is rich in the oil that peony seeds is squeezed out.Wherein, unsaturated fatty acid content is more than 90%, and especially linolenic content, more than 40%, is 140 times of olive oil.

Tree peony breeds the methods such as available sowing, grafting, group training.Adopt planting seed method cycle germination rate that is long, seed low; Grafting commonly uses Peony Root grafting, complex operation, and the sound field cycle is also long, generally takes 3-4 and just can gather; Group training method production cost is higher.Therefore this several propagation method all has weak point.

Summary of the invention

The present invention avoids the weak point existing for above-mentioned prior art, and provide a kind of good quality and high output Peony growing method, the present invention adopts offshoot to breed, and the method survival rate is high, process control, with short production cycle, simple and easy to do, and can obtain good quality and high output tree peony.

For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:

A kind of good quality and high output Peony growing method, it is characterized in that, its concrete steps are as follows:

(1) meticulous wholely

Select high-land, well-drainedly soil deep tillage to be raked on the sunny side, removing rubble, stone, grass roots etc., pulverized by soil, ground flattens, and keeps that the soil is porous; If acid ground, can consider and impose human excrement urine, or every mu enriches lime 15-25kg, as a means of neutralization; If basic soil, ferrous sulfate 4-7kg, 2-5kg Cosan can be executed for every mu; Every mu of ground soil pouring 150-220 kilogram of 50% water-soluble ambam 35 times of liquid dilutions carry out a soil disinfection;

(2) apply fertilizer to the subsoil

Base fertilizer is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: chicken manure 40-50, fallen leaves weeds 15-25, rotten fruit 8-16, rice bran 5-10, fish bird internal organ 25-45, shrimp shell meal 20-30, yellow mealworm worm excrement 10-15, wheat bran 7-14, turfy soil 14-22, ooze 18-27, EM bacterial classification 1-2, cane molasses 2-3, rice washing water 16-24, residual tea 13-21, urea 4-6, ferrous sulfate 1-2, pyroligneous liquor 2-4, yeast waste liquor 3-5;

Base fertilizer preparation method is as follows:

A, rice washing water and residual tea to be mixed, then add EM bacterial classification, cane molasses, stir, sealed fermenting at 35-37 DEG C of temperature, shake in every 1-2 days once, 5-7 days, obtains liquid A;

B, urea and ferrous sulfate to be mixed, then add 4-6 times of water gaging, be heated to 40-50 DEG C, stir and make it abundant dissolving, add pyroligneous liquor and yeast waste liquor again after being cooled to room temperature, stir, obtain liquid B;

C, with container, chicken manure, fallen leaves weeds, rotten fruit, rice bran are put into wherein, then added liquid A, stir, then ooze is spread equably, add the fish bird internal organ, shrimp shell meal, yellow mealworm worm excrement, the wheat bran that are pre-mixed, then be spilled into liquid B equably, finally spread turfy soil equably, cover tightly and become thoroughly decomposed, add appropriate water after sealing and fermenting 15-20 days, stir up and down, continue sealing and fermenting, mixed every 4-5 days and make a movement, ferment and namely obtain required base fertilizer in 8-12 days;

50-150 kilogram of above-mentioned obtained base fertilizer is executed on every mu of ground, adopts to dig to spread manuer in holes into mode, and cave is deeply at 50-70cm;

(3) plant division

Be that early September is to early October plant division in the time, select the maternal plant plant division that 2-5 is raw healthy and strong, whole maternal plant plant is dug out from soil, keep root system complete as far as possible, profit cuts off the root of be completely cured, tear up root or undergrowth blackout, the tree peony seedling dug out is shrugged off attached soil on root gently, puts shady and cool place's airing couple of days; After root airing slightly deliquescing, select plant to be convenient to the position split, break into two with one's hands with hand or rive into several strain clump with scraper, each strain Cong Yi is with three or four branches and two or three root system, and it is anticorrosion that charcoal powder is coated in wound, plant division 800 times of tmtd solution soak 15-20 minute, wait to plant after drying;

(4) plant

Before axillary seedling is planted, by old complaint, impaired, old root cuts off, new axillary seedling stump process of planting, all cut off by branch more than plant ground, only stay the resting bud at rhizome place; Plant plant division pruned puts into hole or basin, evenly adds ready compost; When add soil to hole dark or basin dark 1/3 time, plant can be mentioned two or three centimetre gently, its root is stretched freely, make compost infiltrate rhizosphere and touch with soil; Planting density is every mu of 3000-4000 strain of planting, and seeding row spacing is 40 × 50cm;

(5) field management

A, to hoe the fields

The low bank of earth between fields sealed after planting, in spring combine hoe the fields take off gradually flat so that field management; In tree peony vegetative period, duty is needed to hoe the fields; Will deeply uproot before blooming, the degree of depth can reach 3-5cm; Post flowering wants shallow hoe, and the degree of depth can reach 1-3cm;

B, to topdress

Tree peony plant after First Year, generally do not topdress, Second Year starts, and topdresses every year 2 times.Before and after the Spring Equinox, use 80-100 jin composite fertilizer for every mu; Before entering the winter, every mu of barnyard manure 2000-3000 jin used 300-400 jin cake fertilizer or become thoroughly decomposed, 80-100 jin composite fertilizer; After tree peony exhibition leaf, foliage spray can be carried out in conjunction with the extermination of disease and insect pest; Every 15-20 days, spray one time 400 times potassium dihydrogen phosphate or other foliar fertilizer, spray 3-5 time continuously;

C, the extermination of disease and insect pest

Early and middle ten days, sprayed carbendazim 500 times of liquid, will cover whole ground during sprinkling February; At the beginning of 3 months, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields phoxim granule 20-30 jin, mid or late April, within 7-10 days before the florescence, sprays equivalent formula bordeaux mixture, zineb liquid etc.; In 5 months, the last ten-days period, later every 15-20 days, spray a carbendazim or the bactericide such as thiophanate methyl, tpn, until mid or late September;

Within tree peony vegetative period, visual damage by disease and insect a situation arises adjustment spray medicine number of times, but spray of whole season of growth medicine should not be less than 3 times;

D, to water

Need water during arid in good time, particularly before SPRING WHEAT BEFORE AND AFTER FLOWERING or grave mound of surviving the winter, ensure that soil moisture content is moderate; Take trench digging to ooze to water, or adopt the water saving such as drip irrigation, micro-spray irrigation practice, keep loosing soil Li Shui;

(6) gather

After field planting, 3-4 can gather in the crops, and October gathers, and excavates to be selected in fine day and to carry out, and is all dug out by plant root, shrug off earth, cut fresh, put shady and cool place and stack 1-2 days, treat its slightly dehydration divide and deliquescing, removing fibrous root, with holding tightly fresh, torsional fracture root skin, extracts core out; Root bar is comparatively thin, mealiness is poor or have the root skin of worm scar, does not scrape crust, directly dries.

Beneficial effect of the present invention:

The tree peony artificial planting production technology of a kind of good quality and high output provided by the invention, it relies on the basis of modern agriculture science and technology, use that modern industrial technology means offshoot survival rate is high, process control, with short production cycle, simple and easy to do, and good quality and high output tree peony can be obtained, realize per mu yield fresh 1500-2000kg.

Embodiment

a kind of good quality and high output Peony growing method, comprises the following steps:

(1) meticulous wholely

Select high-land, well-drainedly soil deep tillage to be raked on the sunny side, removing rubble, stone, grass roots etc., pulverized by soil, ground flattens, and keeps that the soil is porous; If acid ground, can consider and impose human excrement urine, or every mu enriches lime 20kg, as a means of neutralization; If basic soil, ferrous sulfate 5kg, 2.5kg Cosan can be executed for every mu; Every mu of ground soil waters 200 kilogram of 50% water-soluble ambam, 35 times of liquid dilutions and carries out a soil disinfection;

(2) apply fertilizer to the subsoil

Base fertilizer is made up of the raw material of following weight (kg): chicken manure 45, fallen leaves weeds 20, rotten fruit 12, rice bran 8, fish bird internal organ 35, shrimp shell meal 25, yellow mealworm worm excrement 12, wheat bran 11, turfy soil 18, ooze 23, EM bacterial classification 1.5, cane molasses 2.5, rice washing water 18, residual tea 16, urea 5, ferrous sulfate 1.5, pyroligneous liquor 3, yeast waste liquor 4;

Base fertilizer preparation method is as follows:

A, rice washing water and residual tea to be mixed, then add EM bacterial classification, cane molasses, stir, sealed fermenting at 36 DEG C of temperature, shake in every 2 days once, 7 days, obtains liquid A;

B, urea and ferrous sulfate to be mixed, then add 5 times of water gagings, be heated to 45 DEG C, stir and make it abundant dissolving, add pyroligneous liquor and yeast waste liquor again after being cooled to room temperature, stir, obtain liquid B;

C, with container, chicken manure, fallen leaves weeds, rotten fruit, rice bran are put into wherein, then added liquid A, stir, then ooze is spread equably, add the fish bird internal organ, shrimp shell meal, yellow mealworm worm excrement, the wheat bran that are pre-mixed, then be spilled into liquid B equably, finally spread turfy soil equably, cover tightly and become thoroughly decomposed, sealing and fermenting added appropriate water after 18 days, stirred up and down, continued sealing and fermenting, mixed every 5 days and make a movement, ferment and namely obtain required base fertilizer in 10 days;

The above-mentioned obtained base fertilizer of 120 kg is executed on every mu of ground, adopts to dig to spread manuer in holes into mode, and cave is deeply at 60cm;

(3) plant division

Be that early September is to early October plant division in the time, select the maternal plant plant division that 2-5 is raw healthy and strong, whole maternal plant plant is dug out from soil, keep root system complete as far as possible, profit cuts off the root of be completely cured, tear up root or undergrowth blackout, the tree peony seedling dug out is shrugged off attached soil on root gently, puts shady and cool place's airing couple of days; After root airing slightly deliquescing, select plant to be convenient to the position split, break into two with one's hands with hand or rive into several strain clump with scraper, each strain Cong Yi is with three or four branches and two or three root system, and it is anticorrosion that charcoal powder is coated in wound, plant division 800 times of tmtd solution soak 20 minutes, wait to plant after drying;

(4) plant

Before axillary seedling is planted, by old complaint, impaired, old root cuts off, new axillary seedling stump process of planting, all cut off by branch more than plant ground, only stay the resting bud at rhizome place; Plant plant division pruned puts into hole or basin, evenly adds ready compost; When add soil to hole dark or basin dark 1/3 time, plant can be mentioned two or three centimetre gently, its root is stretched freely, make compost infiltrate rhizosphere and touch with soil; Planting density is every mu of 3000-4000 strain of planting, and seeding row spacing is 40 × 50cm;

(5) field management

A, to hoe the fields

The low bank of earth between fields sealed after planting, in spring combine hoe the fields take off gradually flat so that field management; In tree peony vegetative period, duty is needed to hoe the fields; Will deeply uproot before blooming, the degree of depth can reach 3-5cm; Post flowering wants shallow hoe, and the degree of depth can reach 1-3cm;

B, to topdress

Tree peony plant after First Year, generally do not topdress, Second Year starts, and topdresses every year 2 times.Before and after the Spring Equinox, use 100 jin, a traditional unit of weight of composite fertilizers for every mu; Before entering the winter, every mu of barnyard manure 2500 jin, a traditional unit of weight used 300 jin, a traditional unit of weight of cake fertilizer or become thoroughly decomposed, 100 jin, a traditional unit of weight of composite fertilizers; After tree peony exhibition leaf, foliage spray can be carried out in conjunction with the extermination of disease and insect pest; Every 15 days, spray one time 400 times potassium dihydrogen phosphate or other foliar fertilizer, spray 4 times continuously;

C, the extermination of disease and insect pest

Early and middle ten days, sprayed carbendazim 500 times of liquid, will cover whole ground during sprinkling February; At the beginning of 3 months, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields phoxim granule 25 jin, a traditional unit of weight, mid or late April, within 7-10 days before the florescence, sprays equivalent formula bordeaux mixture, zineb liquid etc.; In 5 months, the last ten-days period, later every 15-20 days, spray a carbendazim or the bactericide such as thiophanate methyl, tpn, until mid or late September;

Within tree peony vegetative period, visual damage by disease and insect a situation arises adjustment spray medicine number of times, but spray of whole season of growth medicine should not be less than 3 times;

D, to water

Need water during arid in good time, particularly before SPRING WHEAT BEFORE AND AFTER FLOWERING or grave mound of surviving the winter, ensure that soil moisture content is moderate; Take trench digging to ooze to water, or adopt the water saving such as drip irrigation, micro-spray irrigation practice, keep loosing soil Li Shui;

(6) gather

After field planting, 3-4 can gather in the crops, and October gathers, and excavates to be selected in fine day and to carry out, and is all dug out by plant root, shrug off earth, cut fresh, put shady and cool place and stack 1-2 days, treat its slightly dehydration divide and deliquescing, removing fibrous root, with holding tightly fresh, torsional fracture root skin, extracts core out; Root bar is comparatively thin, mealiness is poor or have the root skin of worm scar, does not scrape crust, directly dries.

After adopting cultivation method of the present invention, plantation tree peony good quality and high output out, realizes per mu yield fresh 1500-2000kg, and process control, with short production cycle, simple and easy to do, greatly reduces planting cost, improves planting benefit.

Claims (1)

1. a good quality and high output Peony growing method, is characterized in that, its concrete steps are as follows:

(1) meticulous wholely

Select high-land, well-drainedly soil deep tillage to be raked on the sunny side, removing rubble, stone, grass roots etc., pulverized by soil, ground flattens, and keeps that the soil is porous; If acid ground, can consider and impose human excrement urine, or every mu enriches lime 15-25kg, as a means of neutralization; If basic soil, ferrous sulfate 4-7kg, 2-5kg Cosan can be executed for every mu; Every mu of ground soil pouring 150-220 kilogram of 50% water-soluble ambam 35 times of liquid dilutions carry out a soil disinfection;

(2) apply fertilizer to the subsoil

Base fertilizer is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: chicken manure 40-50, fallen leaves weeds 15-25, rotten fruit 8-16, rice bran 5-10, fish bird internal organ 25-45, shrimp shell meal 20-30, yellow mealworm worm excrement 10-15, wheat bran 7-14, turfy soil 14-22, ooze 18-27, EM bacterial classification 1-2, cane molasses 2-3, rice washing water 16-24, residual tea 13-21, urea 4-6, ferrous sulfate 1-2, pyroligneous liquor 2-4, yeast waste liquor 3-5;

Base fertilizer preparation method is as follows:

Rice washing water and residual tea are mixed, then adds EM bacterial classification, cane molasses, stir, sealed fermenting at 35-37 DEG C of temperature, within every 1-2 days, shake once, 5-7 days, obtain liquid A;

Urea and ferrous sulfate are mixed, then adds 4-6 times of water gaging, be heated to 40-50 DEG C, stir and make it abundant dissolving, add pyroligneous liquor and yeast waste liquor again after being cooled to room temperature, stir, obtain liquid B;

With container, chicken manure, fallen leaves weeds, rotten fruit, rice bran are put into wherein, then added liquid A, stir, then ooze is spread equably, add the fish bird internal organ, shrimp shell meal, yellow mealworm worm excrement, the wheat bran that are pre-mixed, then be spilled into liquid B equably, finally spread turfy soil equably, cover tightly and become thoroughly decomposed, add appropriate water after sealing and fermenting 15-20 days, stir up and down, continue sealing and fermenting, mixed every 4-5 days and make a movement, ferment and namely obtain required base fertilizer in 8-12 days;

50-150 kilogram of above-mentioned obtained base fertilizer is executed on every mu of ground, adopts to dig to spread manuer in holes into mode, and cave is deeply at 50-70cm;

(3) plant division

Be that early September is to early October plant division in the time, select the maternal plant plant division that 2-5 is raw healthy and strong, whole maternal plant plant is dug out from soil, keep root system complete as far as possible, profit cuts off the root of be completely cured, tear up root or undergrowth blackout, the tree peony seedling dug out is shrugged off attached soil on root gently, puts shady and cool place's airing couple of days; After root airing slightly deliquescing, select plant to be convenient to the position split, break into two with one's hands with hand or rive into several strain clump with scraper, each strain Cong Yi is with three or four branches and two or three root system, and it is anticorrosion that charcoal powder is coated in wound, plant division 800 times of tmtd solution soak 15-20 minute, wait to plant after drying;

(4) plant

Before axillary seedling is planted, by old complaint, impaired, old root cuts off, new axillary seedling stump process of planting, all cut off by branch more than plant ground, only stay the resting bud at rhizome place; Plant plant division pruned puts into hole or basin, evenly adds ready compost; When add soil to hole dark or basin dark 1/3 time, plant can be mentioned two or three centimetre gently, its root is stretched freely, make compost infiltrate rhizosphere and touch with soil; Planting density is every mu of 3000-4000 strain of planting, and seeding row spacing is 40 × 50cm;

(5) field management

A, to hoe the fields

The low bank of earth between fields sealed after planting, in spring combine hoe the fields take off gradually flat so that field management; In tree peony vegetative period, duty is needed to hoe the fields; Will deeply uproot before blooming, the degree of depth can reach 3-5cm; Post flowering wants shallow hoe, and the degree of depth can reach 1-3cm;

B, to topdress

Tree peony plant after First Year, generally do not topdress, Second Year starts, and topdresses every year 2 times;

Before and after the Spring Equinox, use 80-100 jin composite fertilizer for every mu; Before entering the winter, every mu of barnyard manure 2000-3000 jin used 300-400 jin cake fertilizer or become thoroughly decomposed, 80-100 jin composite fertilizer; After tree peony exhibition leaf, foliage spray can be carried out in conjunction with the extermination of disease and insect pest; Every 15-20 days, spray one time 400 times potassium dihydrogen phosphate or other foliar fertilizer, spray 3-5 time continuously;

C, the extermination of disease and insect pest

Early and middle ten days, sprayed carbendazim 500 times of liquid, will cover whole ground during sprinkling February; At the beginning of 3 months, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields phoxim granule 20-30 jin, mid or late April, within 7-10 days before the florescence, sprays equivalent formula bordeaux mixture, zineb liquid etc.; In 5 months, the last ten-days period, later every 15-20 days, spray a carbendazim or the bactericide such as thiophanate methyl, tpn, until mid or late September;

Within tree peony vegetative period, visual damage by disease and insect a situation arises adjustment spray medicine number of times, but spray of whole season of growth medicine should not be less than 3 times;

D, to water

Need water during arid in good time, particularly before SPRING WHEAT BEFORE AND AFTER FLOWERING or grave mound of surviving the winter, ensure that soil moisture content is moderate; Take trench digging to ooze to water, or adopt the water saving such as drip irrigation, micro-spray irrigation practice, keep loosing soil Li Shui;

(6) gather

After field planting, 3-4 can gather in the crops, and October gathers.