CN111296157A - Method for improving fruit tree planting survival rate in saline-alkali soil and promoting garden uniformity - Google Patents
Method for improving fruit tree planting survival rate in saline-alkali soil and promoting garden uniformity Download PDFInfo
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- CN111296157A CN111296157A CN202010192478.4A CN202010192478A CN111296157A CN 111296157 A CN111296157 A CN 111296157A CN 202010192478 A CN202010192478 A CN 202010192478A CN 111296157 A CN111296157 A CN 111296157A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the fruit tree planting survival rate in saline-alkali soil and promoting the uniformity of gardens, which comprises the following steps: 1) digging tree holes and ridging before planting fruit tree seedlings, paving a layer of crushed straw with the thickness of 15-25cm at the bottom of the tree holes, and then uniformly spreading a degradation transforming agent on the upper parts of the straw; 2) after the degradation transforming agent is spread for the first time, covering a layer of thin soil on the straws, then uniformly spreading the degradation transforming agent for the second time, and then uniformly spreading the water-retaining agent; 3) planting trees, covering soil, watering, and covering a weed-control film; 4) carrying out daily management: preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests and pruning branches. The invention obviously improves the survival rate of tree planting; the tree has strong growth vigor, uniform and consistent gardens and good early-stage high yield; physiological diseases are few, iron deficiency green loss and zinc deficiency lobular disease are rare; good fruit fineness, good quality and obviously reduced nutrient deficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of saline-alkali soil vegetation planting, in particular to a method for improving the survival rate of fruit tree planting in saline-alkali soil and promoting the uniformity of gardens.
Background
The saline-alkali soil in China is mainly distributed in northwest, northeast and coastal areas, the total area is about 3-4 hundred million acres, which is equivalent to 1/5 of the existing cultivated land area in China, and the saline-alkali soil has the advantages thatSaline-alkali soil resources with agricultural utilization prospect reach 2 hundred million acres, and recently, saline-alkali soil resources with improved utilization potential account for about 1 hundred million acres. The Bohai area of the Bohai includes a great amount of saline-alkali soil, such as Shandong, Hebei, Tianjin, etc., and the saline-alkali soil is widely distributed in Shandong province, and can be divided into two types of coastal saline-alkali soil and inland saline-alkali soil, and the total area is 5926.73km2Mainly distributed in Dongying, Binzhou, Weifang and Texas. Wherein the mild saline-alkali soil is 2655.07km244.80 percent; 1718.13km for moderate saline-alkali soil228.99% of the total; the area of the severe saline-alkali soil reaches 1553.53km2Accounting for 26.21%; total province saline-alkali cultivated land 3863.80km22062.93km of saline-alkali wasteland2. The low-degree saline-alkali land in the saline-alkali area is mainly developed by grain crops, the productivity level of the land is very low, the output and return rate are low, the vegetation is single, the ecology is fragile, and the large-area saline-alkali wasteland is not reclaimed and utilized.
The saline-alkali soil fruit trees have planting physiological obstacles: 1. the survival rate is low, and the main hazards of the saline-alkali soil are high salt content and ion toxicity of the soil, so that the saplings are difficult to root and survive; 2. the growth vigor is weak, even if the trees survive, the growth vigor is obviously weak, the growth quantity is small, and the small and old trees are easy to form; 3. the physiological diseases are more, elements such as iron, zinc, calcium and the like in the saline-alkali soil are easy to fix and difficult to absorb, and the physiological diseases such as iron-deficiency yellow leaves and the like are easy to cause to influence the growth of trees; 4. the garden is irregular, the height is thick and strong, the crown difference is large, and the fruit tree yield is influenced; 5. the fruits have unbalanced trace elements, poor surface smoothness and many deformed fruits which are not durable to storage and transportation.
The method for planting and improving fruit trees in saline-alkali soil is more, for example, a salt-separating layer is laid on the bottom layer of a tree pit, and the materials suitable for the salt-separating layer mainly comprise: wheat bran, sawdust, bark, horse dung, straw and the like. The wheat bran is about 5cm, the sawdust and the bark are about 10cm, and other people need to pay attention to a protective soil layer between the salt isolation layer and the root system to prevent the root system from being burnt out. The organic acid generated by decomposition of the salt-separating layer of the organic matter forms an acid film, which can reduce the pH value of the soil and increase the soil fertility.
The saline-alkali soil improving fertilizer for gardening also has the effect of reducing the salt content and the alkali content of soil to a certain degree, but the saline-alkali soil improving fertilizer also has an application range, is generally suitable for saline-alkali soil with the salt content of less than 0.4% in a topsoil plough layer, and has the pH value of 7.8-8.8; organic fertilizer and ferrous sulfate are mixed, and the effectiveness of iron is improved by forming a complex compound by organic matters and iron; and 0.5 percent of urea and 0.3 percent of ferrous sulfate can be applied for topdressing or irrigation, which are generally used as auxiliary measures for improving the saline-alkali soil, and the method is implemented singly and has limited effect.
The above measures all have the problem of poor effect to different degrees.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention discloses a method for improving the survival rate of fruit tree planting in saline-alkali soil and promoting the uniformity of gardens, which comprises the following steps:
1) digging tree holes and ridging before planting fruit tree seedlings, paving a layer of crushed straw with the thickness of 15-25cm at the bottom of the tree holes, and then uniformly spreading a degradation transforming agent on the upper parts of the straw;
2) after the degradation transforming agent is spread for the first time, covering a layer of thin soil on the straws, then uniformly spreading the degradation transforming agent for the second time, and then uniformly spreading the water-retaining agent;
3) planting trees, covering soil, watering, and covering a weed-control film;
4) carrying out daily management: preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests and pruning branches.
Further, the degradation conversion agent comprises sulfur, ferrous sulfate and urea, and the weight ratio of the degradation conversion agent to the urea is 3-4: 1-2: 0.1 to 0.2 part of the mixture is evenly mixed with 10 parts of fine sandy soil.
Further, the uniformly mixed degradation transforming agent comprises two parts by weight: 2/3 of the total weight was applied in step 1) and the remainder 1/3 was applied in step 2).
Further, the application amount of the water-retaining agent is 0.1-1 kg.
Further, the water-retaining agent is a composite material of poly humic acid or fulvic acid and bentonite.
Further, the straws are straws of corn, wheat, rice or sugarcane.
Further, the depth of the tree hole in the step 1) is 45-60cm, and the length and the width are respectively 120-140 cm; the ridge height is 10-20cm, and the ridge width is 80-120 cm.
Further, the thickness of the covering soil in the step 3) is 4-10 cm.
Further, during the process of broadcasting the degradation transforming agent and the water-retaining agent, the root system of the nursery stock cannot be contacted with the degradation transforming agent and the water-retaining agent, and the interval is kept at least 5 cm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the survival rate of tree planting is obviously improved;
2) the tree has strong growth vigor, uniform and consistent gardens and good early-stage high yield;
3) physiological diseases are few, iron deficiency green loss and zinc deficiency lobular disease are rare;
4) good fruit fineness, good quality and obviously reduced nutrient deficiency.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to specific embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
The experiment of the invention is carried out in a coastal experiment base of Shengwei group, the salt content of the soil is 0.5 percent, the soil is cleared up at the bottom of 2 months in 2017, peach trees, peach tree varieties 9602 and stock Qingzhou nectarines are prepared for planting peach trees. The height of the seedling is 100cm, the ground diameter is 0.8cm, and the seedling is fixed to be dry at the time of planting by 0.5 m. The experiment is divided into three groups, the soil fertility level is required to be consistent, and the planting is respectively carried out according to the following three methods:
(1) the method of the invention is used for planting;
(2) in the conventional salt-separating layer method, only corn straws are used for the bottom layer of the tree pit;
(3) a control group is not provided with a salt isolation layer;
the three methods are respectively used for planting 2 mu.
Example one (group 2017):
the method for improving the survival rate of fruit tree planting in saline-alkali soil and promoting the uniformity of the garden comprises the following steps:
1) digging tree holes and ridging before planting fruit tree seedlings, wherein the depth of each tree hole is 45cm, the length and the width of each tree hole are 120cm, the ridge height is 10cm, and the ridge width is 80 cm; then spreading a layer of crushed straws with the thickness of 15cm at the bottom of the tree pit, and then uniformly spreading a degradation conversion agent on the upper parts of the straws; 1) digging tree holes and ridging before planting fruit tree seedlings, paving a layer of crushed straw with the thickness of 15-25cm at the bottom of the tree holes, and then uniformly spreading a degradation transforming agent on the upper parts of the straw;
2) after the degradation transforming agent is spread for the first time, covering a layer of 1-2cm thin soil on the straws, then uniformly spreading the degradation transforming agent for the second time, and then uniformly spreading the water-retaining agent;
3) placing the saplings into the tree pits, covering soil of 5cm to make the root and neck parts of the saplings flush with the ground, treading, building cofferdams of 10cm in height, watering, and covering with a weed-prevention film after water infiltration;
4) carrying out daily management after the saplings sprout: such as pest control and branch pruning.
The degradation conversion agent comprises sulfur, ferrous sulfate and urea, and the weight ratio is 3: 1: mixing 0.1 part with 10 parts of fine sandy soil; the uniformly mixed degradation transforming agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2/3 of the total weight was applied in step 1) and the remainder 1/3 was applied in step 2).
The application amount of the water-retaining agent is 0.1kg, and the water-retaining agent is a composite material of poly-humic acid or fulvic acid and bentonite; the straw is the straw of corn, wheat, rice or sugarcane.
During the process of broadcasting the degradation transforming agent and the water-retaining agent, the root system of the seedling can not be contacted with the degradation transforming agent and the water-retaining agent, and the interval is kept at least 5 cm.
Example two (2018 group):
the method for improving the survival rate of fruit tree planting in saline-alkali soil and promoting the uniformity of the garden comprises the following steps:
1) digging tree holes and ridging before planting fruit tree seedlings, wherein the depth of each tree hole is 50cm, the length and the width of each tree hole are 130cm, the ridge height is 15cm, and the ridge width is 100 cm; then spreading a layer of crushed straw with the thickness of 20cm at the bottom of the tree pit, and then uniformly spreading a degradation conversion agent on the upper part of the straw;
2) after the degradation transforming agent is spread for the first time, covering a layer of 1-2cm thin soil on the straws, then uniformly spreading the degradation transforming agent for the second time, and then uniformly spreading the water-retaining agent;
3) putting the tree seedlings into the tree pits, covering soil of 8cm to enable the root and neck parts of the tree seedlings to be flush with the ground, treading the tree seedlings, building cofferdams of 10cm in height, watering the tree seedlings, and covering the tree seedlings with a weed-prevention film after water permeates the tree seedlings;
4) carrying out daily management after the saplings sprout: such as pest control and branch pruning.
The degradation conversion agent comprises sulfur, ferrous sulfate and urea, and the weight ratio is 3: 1: mixing 0.1 part with 10 parts of fine sandy soil; the uniformly mixed degradation transforming agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2/3 of the total weight was applied in step 1) and the remainder 1/3 was applied in step 2).
The application amount of the water-retaining agent is 0.6kg, and the water-retaining agent is a composite material of poly-humic acid or fulvic acid and bentonite; the straw is the straw of corn, wheat, rice or sugarcane.
During the process of broadcasting the degradation transforming agent and the water-retaining agent, the root system of the seedling can not be contacted with the degradation transforming agent and the water-retaining agent, and the interval is kept at least 5 cm.
Example three (2019 group):
the method for improving the survival rate of fruit tree planting in saline-alkali soil and promoting the uniformity of the garden comprises the following steps:
1) digging tree holes and ridging before planting fruit tree seedlings, wherein the depth of each tree hole is 60cm, the length and the width of each tree hole are 140cm, the ridge height is 20cm, and the ridge width is 120 cm; then spreading a layer of crushed straws with the thickness of 25cm at the bottom of the tree pit, and then uniformly spreading a degradation conversion agent on the upper parts of the straws;
2) after the degradation transforming agent is spread for the first time, covering a layer of 1-2cm thin soil on the straws, then uniformly spreading the degradation transforming agent for the second time, and then uniformly spreading the water-retaining agent;
3) placing the saplings into the tree pits, covering soil of 10cm, making the root and neck parts of the saplings flush with the ground, treading, building cofferdams of 10cm in height, watering, and covering with a weed-prevention film after water infiltration;
4) carrying out daily management after the saplings sprout: such as pest control and branch pruning.
The degradation conversion agent comprises sulfur, ferrous sulfate and urea, and the weight ratio is 4: 2: mixing 0.2 and 10 parts of fine sandy soil uniformly; the uniformly mixed degradation transforming agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2/3 of the total weight was applied in step 1) and the remainder 1/3 was applied in step 2).
The application amount of the water-retaining agent is 1kg, and the water-retaining agent is a composite material of poly-humic acid or fulvic acid and bentonite; the straw is the straw of corn, wheat, rice or sugarcane.
During the process of broadcasting the degradation transforming agent and the water-retaining agent, the root system of the seedling can not be contacted with the degradation transforming agent and the water-retaining agent, and the interval is kept at least 5 cm.
The growth amount of the young shoots is calculated and expressed by the average value of the lengths of the developing branches with the height of about 1.0m from the periphery of the crown to the ground. The measurement is carried out by selecting 10 representative plants of each type, selecting 10 developing shoots of each plant, and measuring the length from the branch base bud scale mark to the base of the terminal bud after stopping growing. The ground diameter is 10cm (above the grafting opening) away from the ground. And (5) planting and measuring secondary branches in the same year.
After planting, the survival rate, the ground diameter, the growth amount of new shoots and the like of peach trees are investigated in 11 months in 2017-2019, and the results are shown in the following table:
as can be seen from the table, the survival rate of the peach trees is obviously higher than that of the contrast by adopting the method, the ground diameter is thick, the growth quantity is large, the tree body uniformity is higher, and the biological foundation is laid for the high yield of the peach trees; in addition, the iron-deficiency green-losing situation of the tree body is observed in 8 months in the year after planting, the method of the invention hardly has obvious iron-deficiency green-losing phenomenon after planting, and the method 2 and the method 3 have more than one third of new tips and leaves per mu respectively and have obvious difference of 10 plants and 9 plants of the tree with obvious iron-deficiency green-losing plants. After the peach trees are fruited in the third year, the peach trees planted by the method have good fruit brightness, clean fruit surfaces and 12.6% of soluble solids, while the method 2 and the method 3 have insufficient relative brightness and cleanliness, and the soluble solids are 11.8% and 11.2% respectively.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but must be based on the realization of those skilled in the art; where combinations of features are mutually inconsistent or impractical, such combinations should not be considered as being absent and not within the scope of the claimed invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for improving the survival rate of fruit tree planting in saline-alkali soil and promoting the uniformity of gardens is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) digging tree holes and ridging before planting fruit tree seedlings, paving a layer of crushed straw with the thickness of 15-25cm at the bottom of the tree holes, and then uniformly spreading a degradation transforming agent on the upper parts of the straw;
2) after the degradation transforming agent is spread for the first time, covering a layer of thin soil on the straws, then uniformly spreading the degradation transforming agent for the second time, and then uniformly spreading the water-retaining agent;
3) planting trees, covering soil, watering, and covering a weed-control film;
4) carrying out daily management: preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests and pruning branches.
2. The method for improving the fruit tree planting survival rate in saline-alkali soil and promoting the garden to be tidy as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the degradation conversion agent comprises sulfur, ferrous sulfate and urea, and the weight ratio is 3-4: 1-2: 0.1 to 0.2 part of the mixture is evenly mixed with 10 parts of fine sandy soil.
3. The method for improving the fruit tree planting survival rate in saline-alkali soil and promoting the uniformity of the garden as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the uniformly mixed degradation transforming agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2/3 of the total weight was applied in step 1) and the remainder 1/3 was applied in step 2).
4. The method for improving the fruit tree planting survival rate in saline-alkali soil and promoting the garden to be tidy as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the application amount of the water-retaining agent is 0.1-1 kg.
5. The method for improving the fruit tree planting survival rate in saline-alkali soil and promoting the garden to be tidy as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the water-retaining agent is a composite material of poly humic acid or fulvic acid and bentonite.
6. The method for improving the fruit tree planting survival rate in saline-alkali soil and promoting the garden to be tidy as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the straw is the straw of corn, wheat, rice or sugarcane.
7. The method for improving the fruit tree planting survival rate in saline-alkali soil and promoting the garden to be tidy as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the depth of the tree hole in the step 1) is 45-60cm, and the length and the width of each tree hole are 120-140 cm; the ridge height is 10-20cm, and the ridge width is 80-120 cm.
8. The method for improving the fruit tree planting survival rate in saline-alkali soil and promoting the garden to be tidy as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the covering soil in the step 3) is 4-10 cm.
9. The method for improving the fruit tree planting survival rate in saline-alkali soil and promoting the garden to be tidy as claimed in claim 1, wherein: during the process of broadcasting the degradation transforming agent and the water-retaining agent, the root system of the seedling can not be contacted with the degradation transforming agent and the water-retaining agent, and the interval is kept at least 5 cm.
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