CN112292954A - Three-dimensional ecological system of insect-fungus sand and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Three-dimensional ecological system of insect-fungus sand and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional ecosystem of entomogenous fungi sand and a construction method thereof. The ecological system takes red sandy soil as a base layer, and a humus layer and a surface layer are sequentially covered on the base layer; the humic layer mainly comprises rotten leaves or fermented straws, insect sand and bacterial colonies. The construction method mainly comprises the steps of crushing the red sandy soil to form a red sandy soil base layer; adding insect sand and bacterial colonies into rotten leaves or/and fermented straws, mixing in proportion, and covering on the surface of a red sandy soil base layer to form a humus layer; straw crushed materials are paved on the surface of the humus layer, and bacteria liquid is sprayed to form a surface layer; earthworms are put in, flowers, plants, grains and other crops are planted after the earthworms are rested for 7 days, and local surface insects are introduced to form the insect-bacterium sand three-dimensional ecosystem. The three-dimensional ecological system of the entomogenous fungi sand constructed by the method can be used for planting vegetables and short-rooted plants within 3-6 months; planting medium-rooted plants in 6-12 months; after 36 months, the rooting plants are planted, so that the self-repairing and virtuous cycle development of the red sandy soil is realized, and conditions are provided for developing ecological agriculture.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, in particular to a three-dimensional ecological system of worm-fungus sand and a construction method thereof.
Background
The subtropical area in China, such as Guangdong south-male city, is widely distributed with sandy red soil which develops on a red sandstone matrix, and a unique landform of red sand ridges is formed. Because the red sandstone is soft in texture and easy to corrode, and the surface erosion and corrosion are strong, the landform breakage, the loess hills garden and the slope are very serious in weathering, corrosion, scouring and water and soil loss in the areas, and bedrocks are exposed after some scouring to form a bald rock surface; the original flat and complete ground is washed and eroded into a hilly hill shape to form a landform of a red sand ridge.
The red sandy soil in the red sand ridge area is reddish brown, is sandy soil or light soil, has a pH value of 4.0-5.5, and has a soil layer thickness within a range of 35-65 cm; in the shallow land, most of the land is reclaimed as the garden, and in the shallow positions of hillback hilly fields, horsetail, couch grass, hawthorn thorn and the like grow sporadically, and flaky bare rocky balds are also grown on which sparse lower plants such as lichens, tussian palm and the like grow; the deep ridging or gentle slope of the soil layer can be developed as cultivated land, but the red sandy soil has unobvious section development, cold soil property, poor water and fertilizer retention capability, small seedlings and old seedlings, and the productivity of crops is always low.
Therefore, the red sand soil is comprehensively improved and utilized, the red sand soil resources are reasonably utilized and protected, the production potential is fully exerted, the excellent illumination, heat and moisture conditions of the red sand low-hilly area are fully utilized, and the balance and stability of a land ecosystem are promoted; not only can improve the living environment and the living quality of the red sandstone in low hills, but also meets the requirements of society on ecological environment protection.
The invention provides a stereoscopic ecosystem of worm fungus sand and a construction method thereof, wherein a set of nature-imitated stereoscopic circulation ecosystem is established by comprehensively applying earthworms, worm sand, bacterial colonies and surface insects, and the stereoscopic ecosystem can efficiently improve the red sandy soil; the planting of vegetables and short-rooted plants can be realized within 3-6 months; the medium-rooted plants can be planted within 6-12 months; after 36 months, the plants with long roots can be planted, and the improved red sandy soil has the condition for developing the characteristic ecological agriculture.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a three-dimensional ecosystem of entomogenous fungi sand and a construction method thereof, and aims to solve the problems in the background art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the three-dimensional ecological system of the worm-fungus sand takes red sandy soil as a base layer, and a humus layer and a surface layer are sequentially covered on the base layer.
Furthermore, the humus layer mainly comprises rotten leaves or/and fermented straws, insect sand and bacterial colonies.
Further, the insect sand is preferably white star insect sand.
Further, the bacterial colony is a lactobacillus complexing agent.
Further, the mass ratio of the rotten leaves or/and the fermented straws to the insect sand and bacterial colonies is 10: 1-5: 0.0005 to 0.005.
Further, the mass ratio of the rotten leaves or/and the fermented straws to the insect sand and bacterial colonies is 10: 1: 0.001.
further, the lactobacillus complexing agent is prepared by mixing lactobacillus, actinomycetes, bacillus subtilis, glucose and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, wherein the number ratio of the lactobacillus to the actinomycetes to the bacillus subtilis is 1:1: 0.3.
Further, the surface layer is formed by laying straw crushed materials.
Furthermore, the entomogenous fungi sand ecosystem can realize the planting of vegetables and short-rooted plants such as vegetables, lettuce, Chinese little greens, chrysanthemum and the like within 3-6 months; planting middle-rooted plants such as potatoes, garlic, pine seedlings and the like within 6-12 months; after 36 months, long-rooted plants such as peanuts, sweet potatoes and the like can be planted, and ecological agriculture can be developed.
A construction method of a three-dimensional ecosystem of entomogenous fungi sand comprises the following steps;
(1) laying a red sandy soil base layer: crushing the red sandy soil, and flattening the crushed red sandy soil by using a rotary cultivator to obtain the red sandy soil; watering, and covering a sunshade net or plant straws to form a red sandy soil base layer;
(2) paving a humus layer: adding decayed leaves or straws and the like into the insect sand and the bacterial colonies, mixing, stirring, and uniformly paving the mixture on the surface of the red sandy soil substrate formed in the step (1) to form a humus layer;
according to the invention, the insect sand is used for increasing the contents of organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, humic acid and other nutrient elements in the redsand soil, and the traditional organic fertilizer is replaced; compared with the traditional organic fertilizer, the insect sand also has the following advantages;
the insect sand is the excrement of insects, replaces the traditional organic chemical fertilizer with the insect sand, better accords with the requirement of ecological environmental protection, and simultaneously realizes the conversion and utilization of waste resources. The fertility of the insect sand is higher, and the dosage of the insect sand is only one tenth of that of the traditional organic fertilizer. Compared with the traditional organic fertilizer which is not thoroughly decomposed and burns roots, the insect sand is fully decomposed and fermented in the insect belly, and the phenomena of root burning and pest growing are avoided. The traditional organic fertilizer fermented by the livestock manure usually contains heavy metals and antibiotics, while the insect sand does not contain heavy metals and antibiotics, so that the fruits, vegetables and grains planted in the red sandy soil cultivated by the insect sand are safer and more nutritious.
The invention utilizes the lactobacillus complexing agent to change the composition of the soil microbial community structure and the proportion of functional genes, so that the relative abundance content of actinomycete phyla in the red sandy soil is improved to 8-13%, and the relative abundance content of lactobacillus reaches 5-6%; the increase of the content of actinomycetemcomita and lactobacillus in the soil promotes the metabolism of carbohydrate and amino acid and the metabolism of energy in soil microorganisms, and increases the sequence number of functional genes of glycoside hydrolase; on the other hand, the content of fungi in the soil is reduced; therefore, the structure of microbial communities and functional groups in the red sandy soil is optimized, the improvement of the red sandy soil is realized, and conditions are provided for the growth of crops.
When an ecological system is constructed, earthworms are preferably introduced, and the movement of the earthworms in soil is utilized to loosen the soil quality of the red sandy soil, improve the air permeability and the water permeability of the red sandy soil and be beneficial to the rapid growth of crops. On the other hand, the wormcast produced by the earthworms in the normal metabolic process contains a large amount of microbial communities and organic chemical components, and the dead bodies of the earthworms can also add organic matters to the soil after the earthworms die;
(3) surface layer laying: carrying out rotary tillage on the humus layer to fully mix the red sandy soil and the humus layer; taking straws, crushing, fermenting and decomposing, uniformly paving the straws on the surface of the humic layer in the step (2), spraying lactic acid bacteria liquid, watering, and covering a sunshade net to form a surface layer;
(4) after 3 days, putting earthworms under the surface layer in the step (2), and observing and recording the survival and disease conditions of the earthworms; after the rest for 7 days, planting or transplanting crops such as flowers, plants, grains and the like on the surface layer, and introducing local surface insects; and spraying plant vaccine solution to complete the construction of the three-dimensional ecosystem of the entomogenous fungi sand.
Furthermore, the ground surface insects are any one or more of local bees, ladybirds, dragonflies, mantises and other beneficial insects. Local surface insects, such as bees, are introduced to promote pollination to the flowering phase of the crops and improve the growth speed of the crops. The natural enemy insects such as local ladybug are introduced to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests without pesticides.
Further, the method for constructing the three-dimensional ecosystem of the entomogenous fungi sand comprises the following steps;
(1) laying a red sandy soil base layer: crushing the red sandy soil, wherein the particle diameter of the crushed red sandy soil is 1-2 cm; leveling red sandy soil by using a rotary cultivator to form a soil layer with the thickness of 40-60 cm; watering, and covering a sunshade net or plant straws to form a red sandy soil base layer;
(2) paving a humus layer: adding worm sand and bacterial colonies into rotten leaves or straws, mixing, stirring, uniformly paving the mixture on the surface of the red sandy soil substrate formed in the step (1), and paving the mixture to a thickness of 20-25 cm to form a humus layer;
(3) surface layer laying: carrying out rotary tillage on the humus layer to fully mix the red sandy soil and the humus layer; taking straws, crushing, decomposing, and uniformly paving on the surface of the humus layer in the step (2) to form a straw crushed layer of 1-8 cm; spraying lactic acid bacteria liquid, wherein the mass concentration of the lactic acid bacteria liquid is 0.02%; watering, and covering a sunshade net to form a surface layer;
(4) after 3 days, earthworms are put under the surface layer in the step (2), the putting amount is 50 jin/mu, each mu is divided into 5 blocks in the south, the south and the north, and 10 jin in the center of each block is put in a centralized way; observing and recording the survival and disease conditions of the earthworms; after the rest for 7 days, planting or transplanting flower and grass food crops on the surface layer, and introducing local surface insects; spraying a plant vaccine solution, wherein the mass concentration of the vaccine solution is 0.1%, spraying for 1 time every 3 days, and continuously spraying for 3 times; if the raining day is met in the period, the additional spraying needs to be carried out for 1 time after the sunny day; and finishing the construction of the three-dimensional ecosystem of the worm fungus sand.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention combines insects and biotechnology to establish a three-dimensional insect-fungus sand ecosystem; in the ecological system, organic matters in soil, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, humic acid and other nutrient elements are increased through the insect sand, the fermented straws and the bacterial colonies, soil internal circulation is established by utilizing the bacterial colonies and the earthworms, the bottom layer and the surface layer of the red sandy soil are subjected to three-dimensional restoration, and the growth conditions of green vegetation are restored; the restored red sandy soil can be planted in 3-6 months, vegetables and short-rooted plants can be planted in 6-12 months, medium-rooted plants can be planted in 36 months, and a prerequisite condition is provided for developing ecological agriculture.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Selecting a red sand ridge region of a certain city as a target implementation area, wherein the implementation area is 10m2(ii) a The specific implementation method comprises the following steps:
(1) laying a red sandy soil base layer: crushing the red sandy soil, wherein the particle diameter of the crushed red sandy soil is 1 cm; leveling to obtain sandy soil by using a rotary cultivator to form a soil layer with the thickness of 40 cm; watering, and covering peanut straws to form a red sandy soil base layer;
(2) paving a humus layer: taking rotten leaves, adding the insect sand and the bacterial colonies, mixing, stirring, uniformly paving the mixture on the surface of the red sandy soil substrate formed in the step (1), and paving the mixture to a thickness of 20cm to form a humus layer; wherein the mass ratio of the rotten leaves to the insect sand and the bacterial colony is 10: 2: 0.001; the bacterial colony is a lactobacillus complexing agent, and the lactobacillus complexing agent is prepared by mixing lactobacillus, actinomycetes, bacillus subtilis, glucose and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, wherein the number ratio of the lactobacillus to the actinomycetes to the bacillus subtilis is 1:1: 0.3.
(3) Surface layer laying: carrying out rotary tillage on the humus layer to fully mix the red sandy soil and the humus layer; taking straws, crushing, fermenting and decomposing, and uniformly paving the straws on the surface of the humic layer in the step (2) to form a straw crushed layer of 1 cm; spraying lactic acid bacteria liquid, wherein the mass concentration of the lactic acid bacteria liquid is 0.02%; watering, and covering a sunshade net to form a surface layer;
(4) after 3 days, putting earthworms under the surface layer in the step (2), wherein the putting amount is 0.8 jin; observing and recording the survival and disease conditions of the earthworms; after the rest for 7 days, quickly growing food crops such as flowers and grass seeds or peanuts are sown on the surface layer, and local bees are introduced; and spraying a plant vaccine solution, wherein the mass concentration of the vaccine solution is 0.1%, and completing the construction of the three-dimensional ecosystem of the entomogenous fungi sand.
Example 2
Selecting a red sand ridge region of a certain city as a target implementation area, wherein the implementation area is 10m2(ii) a The specific implementation method comprises the following steps:
(1) laying a red sandy soil base layer: crushing the red sandy soil, wherein the particle diameter of the crushed red sandy soil is 1.5 cm; leveling to obtain red sandy soil by using a rotary cultivator to form a soil layer with the thickness of 48 cm; watering, and covering peanut straws to form a red sandy soil base layer;
(2) paving a humus layer: taking fermented straws, adding insect sand and bacterial colonies, mixing, stirring, uniformly paving the mixture on the surface of the red sandy soil base layer formed in the step (1), and paving the mixture to a thickness of 22cm to form a humus layer; wherein the mass ratio of the rotten leaves to the insect sand and the bacterial colony is 10: 2: 0.003; the bacterial colony is a lactobacillus complexing agent, and the lactobacillus complexing agent is prepared by mixing lactobacillus, actinomycetes, bacillus subtilis, glucose and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, wherein the number ratio of the lactobacillus to the actinomycetes to the bacillus subtilis is 1:1: 0.3.
(3) Surface layer laying: carrying out rotary tillage on the humus layer to fully mix the red sandy soil and the humus layer; taking straws, crushing, fermenting and decomposing, and uniformly paving the straws on the surface of the humic layer in the step (2) to form a straw crushed layer of 5 cm; spraying lactic acid bacteria liquid, wherein the mass concentration of the lactic acid bacteria liquid is 0.02%; watering, and covering a sunshade net to form a surface layer;
(4) after 3 days, putting earthworms below the surface layer in the step (2), wherein the putting amount is 0.8 kg; observing and recording the survival and disease conditions of the earthworms; after the rest for 7 days, quickly growing food crops such as flowers and grass seeds or peanuts are sown on the surface layer, and local bees are introduced; and spraying a plant vaccine solution, wherein the mass concentration of the vaccine solution is 0.1%, and completing the construction of the three-dimensional ecosystem of the entomogenous fungi sand.
Example 3
Selecting a red sand ridge region of a certain city as a target implementation area, wherein the implementation area is 10m2(ii) a The specific implementation method comprises the following steps:
(1) laying a red sandy soil base layer: crushing the red sandy soil, wherein the particle diameter of the crushed red sandy soil is 2 cm; leveling to obtain red sandy soil by using a rotary cultivator to form a soil layer with the thickness of 60 cm; watering, and covering a sunshade net to form a red sandy soil base layer;
(2) paving a humus layer: fermenting straws, adding insect sand and bacterial colonies, mixing, stirring, uniformly paving on the surface of the red sandy soil base layer formed in the step (1), and paving to a thickness of 25cm to form a humus layer; wherein the mass ratio of the rotten leaves to the insect sand and the bacterial colony is 10: 1: 0.001; the bacterial colony is a lactobacillus complexing agent, and the lactobacillus complexing agent is prepared by mixing lactobacillus, actinomycetes, bacillus subtilis, glucose and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, wherein the number ratio of the lactobacillus to the actinomycetes to the bacillus subtilis is 1:1: 0.3.
(3) Surface layer laying: carrying out rotary tillage on the humus layer to fully mix the red sandy soil and the humus layer; taking straws, crushing, fermenting and decomposing, and uniformly paving the straws on the surface of the humic layer in the step (2) to form a straw crushed layer of 8 cm; spraying lactic acid bacteria liquid, wherein the mass concentration of the lactic acid bacteria liquid is 0.02%; watering, and covering a sunshade net to form a surface layer;
(4) after 3 days, putting earthworms below the surface layer in the step (2), wherein the putting amount is 0.8 kg; observing and recording the survival and disease conditions of the earthworms; after the rest for 7 days, sowing grass seeds or food crops such as peanuts and the like on the surface layer, introducing local bees, spraying a plant vaccine solution with the mass concentration of 0.1 percent, and completing the construction of the three-dimensional ecosystem of the worm fungus sand.
The examples 1-3 were carried out simultaneously, soil samples were collected and soil properties were measured before and during the implementation, and the results are shown in table 1; turning the soil of the 3 experimental lands in the second month, wherein the soil turning depth is 20 cm; removing plants, and planting cucumber seedlings on 3 experimental lands respectively; watering every day, maintaining, and recording growth and harvesting conditions; the recorded results are shown in Table 2;
| example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | |
| G/kg of soil organic matter before remediation | 2.8 | 2.0 | 3.5 |
| Soil pH before remediation | 4.6 | 4.8 | 4.8 |
| Soil nitrogen content before remediation, mg/kg | 78.03 | 81.20 | 77.35 |
| The phosphorus content of soil before restoration is mg/kg | 190.85 | 191.74 | 187.53 |
| The potassium content of soil before restoration is mg/kg | 79.02 | 77.25 | 76.30 |
| Soil organic matter g/kg after 7 days of rest | 16.5 | 17.3 | 17.0 |
| Soil pH 7 days after rest | 6.83 | 6.89 | 6.75 |
| Soil nitrogen content of mg/kg after 7 days of rest | 96.70 | 97.32 | 96.85 |
| The content of phosphorus in the soil after 7 days of rest is mg/kg | 103.56 | 102.96 | 105.15 |
| The soil potassium content is mg/kg after the rest for 7 days | 92.76 | 93.84 | 91.95 |
TABLE 1
| Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | |
| Height of cucumber seedling in cm at day 10 | 6.54 | 6.47 | 6.35 |
| The height of cucumber seedlings is cm on day 20 | 9.85 | 9.63 | 9.90 |
| Height of cucumber seedling in cm at day 30 | 19.41 | 19.30 | 18.85 |
| Kg cucumber fruit/plant | 0.575 | 0.607 | 0.612 |
TABLE 2
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the three-dimensional ecosystem of insect sand in the scheme is constructed in the embodiments 1 to 3 in the red sandy soil area, and after the three-dimensional ecosystem of insect sand is initially constructed, the red sandy soil is obviously improved; the soil is improved from about 2.0-3.5 to 16.5g/kg from the ground substance; the pH value of the redsand soil after restoration is gradually close to neutral from acidity; the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are all greatly improved; the red sandy soil after the fallow for 7 days is used for planting cucumber seedlings, and during the production period, the cucumber seedlings are high in plant height and good in fruit harvesting; therefore, the three-dimensional ecosystem of the insect sand constructed by the technical scheme can effectively restore the red sandy soil and realize the improvement and utilization of the red sandy soil.
Test 1
In the red sand ridge area of south-male city of Guangdong province, a red sandy soil area is selected as a soil restoration planning sample land, and the total area is 23 mu. Through field investigation, the current situation of the land of the planning field is mainly red sand ridge, farmland and village, important road traffic such as provincial road 334 is arranged around the region, and the road system in the region has a certain foundation but is weak overall. The whole terrain is flat and has small fluctuation, the whole field has more red sand ridge slow dunes, the soil resources are barren, and no crop grows. The technical scheme is implemented by middle insect industry project personnel in 2019 in 5-9 months, and a set of insect sand three-dimensional ecosystem is constructed in the planned land so as to finish the restoration of red sand soil in the planned land and develop soil conditions for ecological agriculture. Sample soil is collected before implementation, soil performance is detected, and detection data are shown in table 1. The specific implementation steps of the scheme are as follows:
(1) laying a red sandy soil base layer: crushing the red sandy soil in the planned land range, wherein the particle diameter of the crushed red sandy soil reaches 1 cm; leveling to obtain sandy soil by using a rotary cultivator, and forming a soil layer with the thickness of 45cm after leveling; watering to ensure that the red sandy soil is completely wet; covering a sunshade net or plant straws to form a red sandy soil base layer;
(2) paving a humus layer: collecting rotten leaves around a planned ground, surrounding peanut straws and peanut shells, crushing and fermenting, adding the aventurine and the lactobacillus complexing agent, mixing, stirring, uniformly paving the mixture on the surface of the red sandy soil base layer formed in the step (1), and paving the mixture with the thickness of 20cm to form a humus layer; the mass ratio of the total amount of rotten leaves, peanut straws and crushed peanut shell in the humus layer to the starfish sand and lactobacillus complexing agent is 10: 1: 0.001; the lactobacillus complexing agent is prepared by mixing lactobacillus, actinomycetes, bacillus subtilis, glucose and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, wherein the number ratio of the lactobacillus to the actinomycetes to the bacillus subtilis is 1:1: 0.3.
(3) Surface layer laying: carrying out rotary tillage on the humus layer to fully mix the red sandy soil and the humus layer; taking peanut straws, crushing, decomposing, and uniformly paving the peanut straws on the surface of the humus layer in the step (2) to form a straw crushed layer of 5 cm; spraying lactic acid bacteria liquid, wherein the mass concentration of the lactic acid bacteria liquid is 0.02%; watering, and covering a sunshade net to form a surface layer;
(4) keeping the soil layer completely wet, and after 3 days, throwing earthworms under the surface layer obtained in the step (2), wherein the throwing amount is 50 jin/mu, dividing each mu into 5 blocks in the south, the south and the north, and throwing 10 jin in the center of each block in a centralized manner; observing and recording the survival and disease conditions of the earthworms, and taking precautionary measures; after the rest for 7 days, collecting and detecting a soil sample, simultaneously uniformly sowing vegetable seeds of the four seasons on the surface layer, watering every day, and introducing local bees; spraying a plant vaccine solution after seedling emergence of the Chinese cabbage, wherein the mass concentration of the vaccine solution is 0.1 percent, and completing the construction of a three-dimensional ecosystem of the entomogenous fungi sand;
in the 4 th month, turning soil, wherein the soil turning depth is 20cm, and planting cucumbers; watering and maintaining daily; after 30 days, the plant height of the cucumber reaches 19.3cm, and the growth condition is good.
Turning soil in the 9 th month, removing existing plants, pulverizing, fermenting, adding organic matter, and planting potato; watering and maintaining daily; good growth and developed root system of the potato.
Sampling soil and detecting soil properties before the construction of an ecological system, on the 7 th day, in the 4 th month and in the 9 th month of rest; measuring the content of organic matters according to a potassium dichromate volumetric method; detecting the nitrogen content according to an alkaline hydrolysis diffusion method; determining the content of phosphorus according to a molybdenum blue colorimetric method; measuring the content of potassium according to an ammonium acetate-flame photometry; measuring the pH value by using an acidimeter; the assay data are shown in table 3 below:
| pH of soil | Organic matter content g/kg | Nitrogen content mg/kg | Phosphorus content mg/kg | Potassium content mg/kg | |
| Before repair | 5.2 | 5.2 | 80.15 | 202.35 | 79.35 |
| Repairing for 7 days | 6.7 | 16.2 | 95.75 | 102.34 | 92.76 |
| Repairing month 4 | 7.0 | 20.58 | 125.25 | 60.18 | 138.72 |
| Repairing month 9 | 7.1 | 20.86 | 137.40 | 58.65 | 145.68 |
TABLE 3
Test 2
In the holiday village at the well bay of the Xiaogan city in Hubei province, a rubble beach area is selected as a soil restoration planning land, and the total area is 1023 mu. Through field investigation, the current situation of the land of the planning field is mainly red stone beach, bare mountain and village, and the road system in the area has a certain foundation but is weak overall. The whole terrain inclines by about 15 degrees, the whole field has more red stones and slow hills, the soil resources are barren, and no crop grows. The technical scheme is implemented by project personnel in the middle insect industry (the predecessor of the middle insect industry is a middle sweet potato industry company) in 2014 for 5-12 months, and a set of insect sand three-dimensional ecosystem is constructed in the planned land so as to finish the restoration of the rubble soil in the planned land and develop soil conditions for ecological agriculture. Before implementation, the soil of the planned land is collected, the soil performance of the planned land is detected, and the detection data are shown in table 1. The specific implementation steps of the scheme are as follows:
(1) laying a red sandy soil base layer: crushing rubble within a planned land range, wherein the particle diameter of the crushed rubble reaches 2 cm; leveling rubble soil by using a rotary cultivator to form a rubble layer with the thickness of 52cm after leveling; watering to ensure that the red stone soil is completely moisture permeable; covering a sunshade net or plant straws to form a red sandy soil base layer;
(2) paving a humus layer: collecting rotten leaves around a planned ground, adding the aventurine and the lactobacillus complexing agent, mixing, stirring, uniformly paving the mixture on the surface of the red sandy soil base layer formed in the step (1), and paving the mixture to a thickness of 25cm to form a humus layer; the mass ratio of the rotten leaves in the humic layer to the starfish sand and lactobacillus complexing agent is 10: 1: 0.001; the lactobacillus complexing agent is prepared by mixing lactobacillus, actinomycetes, bacillus subtilis, glucose and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, wherein the number ratio of the lactobacillus to the actinomycetes to the bacillus subtilis is 1:1: 0.3.
(3) Surface layer laying: carrying out rotary tillage on the humus layer to fully mix the red sandy soil and the humus layer; taking sludge of the peripheral river channel, pumping the sludge, and then uniformly paving the sludge on the surface of the humic layer in the step (2) to form a sludge layer of 6 cm; spraying a bacterial liquid, wherein the mass concentration of the bacterial liquid is 0.02%; watering, and covering a sunshade net to form a surface layer;
(4) keeping the soil layer completely wet, and after 3 days, throwing earthworms under the surface layer obtained in the step (2), wherein the throwing amount is 50 jin/mu, dividing each mu into 5 blocks in the south, the south and the north, and throwing 10 jin in the center of each block in a centralized manner; observing and recording the survival and disease conditions of the earthworms, and taking precautionary measures; after the rest for 7 days, collecting and detecting a soil sample, simultaneously uniformly sowing fast-growing flowers and grass seeds on the surface layer, watering every day, and introducing bees and butterflies; spraying a plant vaccine solution after the seeds of flowers and plants emerge, wherein the mass concentration of the vaccine solution is 0.1 percent, and completing the construction of a three-dimensional ecosystem of the worm fungus sand;
turning soil in the 4 th month, wherein the soil turning depth is 20cm, and planting chrysanthemum; watering and maintaining daily; after 30 days, the height of the chrysanthemum reaches 16.3cm, and 0.75 kg of cucumber is harvested per plant on average in the picking period for picking the cucumber fruits; the cucumber has good growth condition in the whole process.
In the 9 th month, turning soil, removing existing plants, and planting peanut seedlings; watering and maintaining daily; the growth and harvesting conditions are good.
Sampling soil and detecting soil properties before the construction of an ecological system, on the 7 th day, in the 4 th month and in the 9 th month of rest; measuring the content of organic matters according to a potassium dichromate volumetric method; detecting the nitrogen content according to an alkaline hydrolysis diffusion method; determining the content of phosphorus according to a molybdenum blue colorimetric method; measuring the content of potassium according to an ammonium acetate-flame photometry; measuring the pH value by using an acidimeter; the assay data are shown in table 4 below:
| pH of soil | Organic matter | Nitrogen content | Phosphorus content | Potassium content | |
| Before repair | 5.6 | 3.8 | 79.15 | 192.33 | 78.35 |
| Day 7 of repair | 6.7 | 15.3 | 94.35 | 99.74 | 91.67 |
| Repairing month 4 | 6.8 | 19.52 | 115.65 | 63.15 | 135.26 |
| Rest in 9 months | 7.1 | 19.96 | 127.22 | 59.70 | 142.08 |
TABLE 4
As can be seen from tables 3-4, the three-dimensional ecosystem of the entomogenous fungi sand is constructed in the Hubei and Guangdong red sand ridge areas, and the ecosystem has good restoration capability; the red sandy soil is greatly improved in the properties of organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and pH, and within 3 months of the implementation of the ecosystem, the cucumber seedlings and the chrysanthemum with short roots are planted, so that the growth condition is good, and the yield of cucumber fruits is high; and (3) planting medium-rooted plants in the 9 th month, wherein the leaves of the plants are dense, the root systems are developed, and the growth conditions are stable. Therefore, the technical scheme has excellent effect in actual large-scale application; the insect sand three-dimensional ecosystem can be widely applied to improvement and utilization of red sandy soil, and reasonable utilization of waste resources is realized.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A three-dimensional ecosystem of worm fungus sand is characterized in that; the three-dimensional ecological system of the worm-fungus sand takes red sandy soil as a base layer, and a humus layer and a surface layer are sequentially covered on the base layer.
2. The three-dimensional ecosystem of entomogenous fungi sand according to claim 1, wherein: the humus layer mainly comprises rotten leaves or/and fermented straws, insect sand and bacterial colonies.
3. The three-dimensional ecosystem of entomogenous fungi sand according to claim 2, wherein: the bacterial colony is a lactobacillus complexing agent.
4. The three-dimensional ecosystem of entomogenous fungi sand according to claim 2, wherein: the mass ratio of the rotten leaves or/and the fermented straws to the insect sand and the bacterial colony is 10: 1-5: 0.0005 to 0.005.
5. The three-dimensional ecosystem of entomogenous fungi sand according to claim 4, wherein: the mass ratio of the rotten leaves or/and the fermented straws to the insect sand and the bacterial colony is 10: 1: 0.001.
6. the three-dimensional ecosystem of entomogenous fungi sand according to claim 1, wherein: the surface layer is formed by laying crushed straw.
7. The three-dimensional ecosystem of entomogenous fungi sand according to claim 1, wherein: the red sandy soil after the ecological system of the entomogenous fungi is restored; the planting of vegetables and short-rooted plants can be realized within 3-6 months; planting medium-rooted plants within 6-12 months; after 36 months, the long-rooted plants can be planted.
8. A construction method of a three-dimensional ecosystem of entomogenous fungi sand is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps;
(1) laying a red sandy soil base layer: crushing the red sandy soil, and leveling the red sandy soil by using a rotary cultivator; watering, and covering a sunshade net or plant straws to form a red sandy soil base layer;
(2) paving a humus layer: taking rotten leaves or/and fermented straws, adding insect sand and bacterial colonies, mixing, stirring, and uniformly paving the mixture on the surface of the red sandy soil substrate formed in the step (1) to form a humus layer;
(3) surface layer laying: carrying out rotary tillage on the humus layer to fully mix the red sandy soil and the humus layer; taking straws, crushing, fermenting and decomposing, uniformly paving the straws on the surface of the humic layer in the step (2), spraying lactic acid bacteria liquid, watering, and covering a sunshade net to form a surface layer;
(4) after 3 days, putting earthworms under the surface layer in the step (2), and observing and recording the survival and disease conditions of the earthworms; after the rest for 7 days, planting or transplanting crops such as flowers, plants, grains and the like on the surface layer, and introducing local surface insects; and spraying plant vaccine solution to complete the construction of the three-dimensional ecosystem of the entomogenous fungi sand.
9. The method for constructing the three-dimensional ecosystem of entomogenous fungi sand according to claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: comprises the following steps;
(1) laying a red sandy soil base layer: crushing the red sandy soil, wherein the particle diameter of the crushed red sandy soil is 1-2 cm; leveling red sandy soil by using a rotary cultivator to form a soil layer with the thickness of 40-60 cm; watering, and covering a sunshade net or plant straws to form a red sandy soil base layer;
(2) paving a humus layer: taking rotten leaves or/and fermented straws, adding insect sand and bacterial colonies, mixing, stirring, uniformly paving the mixture on the surface of the red sandy soil substrate formed in the step (1), and paving the mixture to a thickness of 20-25 cm to form a humus layer;
(3) surface layer laying: carrying out rotary tillage on the humus layer to fully mix the red sandy soil and the humus layer; taking straws, crushing, fermenting and decomposing, and uniformly paving the straws on the surface of the humus layer in the step (2) to form a straw crushed material layer of 1-8 cm; spraying lactic acid bacteria liquid, wherein the mass concentration of the lactic acid bacteria liquid is 0.02%; watering, and covering a sunshade net to form a surface layer;
(4) after 3 days, putting earthworms under the surface layer in the step (2), wherein the putting amount is 50 jin/mu; observing and recording the survival and disease conditions of the earthworms; after the rest for 7 days, planting or transplanting crops such as flowers, plants, grains and the like on the surface layer, and introducing local surface insects; and spraying a plant vaccine solution, wherein the mass concentration of the vaccine solution is 0.1%, and completing the construction of the three-dimensional ecosystem of the entomogenous fungi sand.
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