CN105993489A - Soil improvement method for continuous cotton planting dry land by cotton-grass rotation in southern meadow soil area - Google Patents
Soil improvement method for continuous cotton planting dry land by cotton-grass rotation in southern meadow soil area Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
Abstract
The invention provides a soil improvement method for a continuous cotton planting dry land by cotton-grass rotation in a southern meadow soil area. The method comprises the following steps: (1) subjecting alfalfa seeds to irradiation with gamma rays of radioactive isotope protactinium; (2) before sowing, subjecting the ray-treated seeds to presowing treatment which comprises seed soaking and seed dressing; (3) carrying out soil preparation, and digging sowing ditches; (4) applying dry chicken and duck manures and a cake fertilizer into the sowing ditches, and carrying out sowing; (5) when the seeds germinate and leaves grow out, starting spraying a liquid titanium fertilizer; (6) timely mowing the alfalfa, and carrying out intertillage and fertilization; and (7) after the alfalfa is continuously planted for 2 years, carrying out turning over and burying, supplying a fertilizer, and planting cotton again. The soil improvement method for the continuous cotton planting dry land by cotton-grass rotation provided by the invention is applicable to application in different areas of China and the southern meadow soil area, and makes full use of the characteristics that the alfalfa is suitable for light cultivation and has excellent soil improvement effects, thereby reducing or preventing relative degradation of continuous cotton cropping soil.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the continuous cropping nonirrigated farmland cotton grass crop rotation that grows cotton improve the soil method, particularly relate to Meadow Soil, a kind of south Cotton Gossypii
The cotton grass crop rotation of continuous cropping nonirrigated farmland is improved the soil method.
Background technology
China is Cotton Gossypii (Gossypium hirsutum L.) big producing country. the whole nation has the province (city, district) of 2/3 to produce cotton
Flower, within 2009～2010, whole world sown areas of cotton reach 3040 × 104H. lint yield reaches 2356 × 104T, wherein, China
The cultivated area of Cotton Production accounts for 19.8%, reaches 601.92 × 104h㎡；The Cotton Gossypii of China is mainly distributed on Huang-Huai-Hai, the Changjiang river
The three cotton regions such as basin and northwest.Huang-Huai-Hai cotton region includes Henan, Shandong, Hebei, Shanxi and 5, Shaanxi province；The Yangtze river basin is cotton
District includes Jiangsu, Hubei, Anhui, Hunan, Sichuan, Jiangxi and 7, Zhejiang province；Cotton region, northwest includes Xinjiang and provinces and regions, Gansu two.
Cotton region, the Yangtze river basin is Meadow Soil, south, and Cotton Gossypii essentialspecies is on moisture soil, next to that red soil, with Jianghan Plain cotton region
As a example by, this district's soil belongs to the Sulfur fractions subclass in Yangtze middle reaches moisture soil great soil group, the Cotton Gossypii kind in this district more than 95% on Sulfur fractions,
Other Cotton Gossypii kind of 5% is on red soil, brown-red soil.
Because irrigation conditions restricts (generally nonirrigated farmland), the crop rotation in cotton field is relatively difficult to achieve, can only cotton continuous cropping；Cotton Gossypii is even
Make, add using of the material such as irrational chemical fertilizer, pesticide in production process, cause brokenly to Cotton Soil ecosystem
Bad so that Cotton Soil is chronically at sub-health state. also known as " cotton continuous cropping soil swelling-shrinkage ", show that soil nutrient content drops
Low and uneven, have during Cotton Gossypii soil-borne disease and seriously occur, degradation under output of cotton and quality, so that under economic benefit
Sliding, cotton grower's enthusiasm for production baffles.
A kind of soil that cotton continuous cropping soil swelling-shrinkage is the cotton crop planted by continuous cropping and soil microorganism produces jointly
Biological barrier because same field grow cotton growth bad, and replant other crops can normal growth, so, Cotton Gossypii soil
Earth obstacle is exactly the relative degeneration of soil.
The radical cure relatively degenerated about continuous cropping cotton soil, forefathers once had more research, wherein broke traditions simple
Plantation idea, it is relatively common to carry out other crop such as cotton interplanting melon, dish, Semen Viciae fabae, Brassica campestris L, but, these crops of cotton interplanting,
Expense thing is taken a lot of work, and single household can not plant too much, and therefore, the radical cure area that continuous cropping cotton soil is degenerated relatively is the most limited.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, overcomes the defect that prior art exists, it is provided that one alleviates or contains even
Make the southern Meadow Soil Cotton Gossypii continuous cropping nonirrigated farmland cotton grass crop rotation that Cotton Gossypii soil degenerates relatively to improve the soil method.
The present invention solves its technical problem and employed technical scheme comprise that, south Cotton Gossypii continuous cropping nonirrigated farmland, Meadow Soil cotton grass crop rotation changes
Indigenous method, comprises the following steps:
(1) by alfalfa seed through the gamma roentgenization (i.e. Irradiation) of radioisotope protactinium；
(2) before sowing, the seed crossed by Irradiation carries out pre-sowing treatment, including bubble kind, seed dressing；
(3) wholely: by cotton for moisture soil ploughing deeply, contour trench digging point railway carriage or compartment, face, railway carriage or compartment the most smooth, acid soil spread fertilizer over the fields Calx, the most smooth, start broadcasting
Plant ditch；
(4) execute dry chicken and duck excrement, cake fertilizer in seed furrow, then sow；
(5) start to spray titanium solution when germination grows blade；
(6) alfalfa cradles in good time, intertills, applies fertilizer；
(7) kind is turned over after alfalfa and is buried fertilizer for 2 years continuously, again plants Cotton Gossypii.
Described (1st) step, described alfalfa seed is through the gamma roentgenization of radioisotope protactinium, it is simply that by purple
Herba Trigonellae Ruthenicae seed, utilizes the gamma ray of radioelement protactinium to be irradiated, transmitted intensity Gr600, distance 1.8-2.2m, time
Between 2-2.5 hour；The gene making each economical character of Seed Development yield is undergone mutation.Test shows, treated seed ratio
Not being irradiated the seed processed, the first year, grass yield nearly doubled.
Described (2nd) step, before sowing, seed treatment with irradiation crossed carries out pre-sowing treatment, including bubble kind, seed dressing；
Bubble kind: being soaked by seed clear water, water is more than 1 times of seed quality, soaks 12-13 hour, dries；
Seed dressing:
It is watered the ratio of 0.8-1kg in every 1ml titanium fertilizer, converts to obtain titanium solution；
It is watered the ratio of 150-250ml in 1g phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria powder, converts to obtain phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria solution；
Mix by the mass ratio of 8-12:1 with human excrement by local moisture soil, retting more than one month, air-dry, make dry mud powder；
Add titanium solution 0.1-0.2kg, solubilization phosphorus bacteria powder 0.015-0.025 kg by 1kg seed, add dry mud powder 0.1-
The ratio of 0.2kg adds titanium solution, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria solution, dry mud powder, seed dressing；
With Rhizobium Inoculation, it is the strongest to local natural conditions adaptability.Titanium fertilizer is inoculated, and root nodule bacteria nitrogen fixing capacity can be made to improve 3
Times, increase production 30%.
Described (3rd) step, described by cotton for moisture soil ploughing deeply, contour trench digging point railway carriage or compartment, face, railway carriage or compartment the most smooth, acid soil spreads fertilizer over the fields stone
Grey, the most smooth, open seed furrow and refer to the whole ground operation on kind of alfalfa ground, first 20-25Cm is ploughed deeply on ground；After ploughing, etc.
High trench digging point railway carriage or compartment (railway carriage or compartment wide 1.5～2 m, railway carriage or compartment furrow width 20～40 cm, ditch depth 20～25 cm)；Face, thick smooth railway carriage or compartment, puts down in conjunction with face, railway carriage or compartment
Whole, acid soil spreads fertilizer over the fields Calx per hectare 225-450 kg (preferred per hectare 450kg of cohesive soil, sand soil preferably per hectare
225kg)；Thin leveling, reaches neat, flat, loose, broken, clean, moisture in the soil 6 sign standard；Open seed furrow (line-spacing 20～40cm)；
Described (4th) step, executes dry chicken and duck excrement, cake fertilizer is sowed again is exactly by the dry chicken of 3000-3500kg/h in described seed furrow
Duck excrement, 1000-1200kg/h cake fertilizer are mixed thoroughly, execute in seed furrow, then sow, and sow deep 1～2cm, per hectare sowing quantity 15
～18kg.
Described (5th) step, described beginning when germination grows blade sprays fertile (Beijing Wan Chunjintaike of fruit type titanium
Skill Development Co., Ltd produces), it is simply that alfalfa germinates after opening up leaf and starts to spray titanium solution, concentration: clear water converted by titanium fertilizer
2000～3000 times of quality, every 20kg water adds carbamide 100-200g；The amount of spraying: spray titanium solution 450～600kg/h every time, goes out
Seedling sprays 2～3 times to the 1st harvesting, and the 1st harvesting is to the 2nd harvesting spray 2～3 times, by that analogy；Spraying method: spray pale reddish brown
Alfalfa-leaves front and the back side.
Described (6th) step, described alfalfa cradles in good time, intertill, topdressing refers to alfalfa sowing and the most just may be used
To cradle, (can cradle when having 10% plant blossom without the alfalfa for the treatment of with irradiation, the alfalfa of irradiated process is being opened
Gather in most suitable during flower), toothing 5-6cm is high；Alfalfa ground seedling stage and intertilling after every time cradling, cut weeds；Seedling stage imposes
The dried poultrymanure become thoroughly decomposed or cake fertilizer, water in conjunction with soluble in water the sprinkling of per hectare 75-80kg carbamide, other period, after cradling only every time
Benefit executes phosphorus potash fertilizer, not nitrogen fertilizer application, to increase the content of dry.
Described (7th) step, described continuous kind turns over after alfalfa and buries fertilizer for 2 years, and plantation Cotton Gossypii is exactly to replant cottonly again
After alfalfa 2 years, last 1 Herba Medicaginis does not cradle for raising, but turns over and bury fertilizer, whole ground sowing cotton.
The present invention is through TWINSPAN classification and screening, and selecting " triumph Herba Medicaginis " kind is experimental cultivar, is particularly suitable for
The moisture soil cotton ground in the continuous cropping Cotton Gossypii winter slack of more than 7 years is selected in Meadow Soil, south.Described south Meadow Soil select continuous cropping Cotton Gossypii more than 7 years
The moisture soil in winter slack refer to cottonly: one is position (Meadow Soil-cotton region, the Yangtze river basin, south) experimental field；Two is that cotton ground is planted continuously
The cotton time limit；Three is crops for rotation-Winter idle land；Four is land type-moisture soil nonirrigated farmland.
Described through TWINSPAN classification and screening, alfalfa variety is to 13 Herba Medicaginis product by gray system theory the most triumphantly
Plant production performance (green forage yield, hay yield, stem/leaf ratio, plant height, branch amount, main root length, the regeneration in Xiang Zhong river flat district
The indexs such as speed) analyzed, set up comprehensive evaluation model, evaluate the production performance of each kind.Comprehensive production performance performance
Preferably alfalfa cultivars is Hunter-river, Hope's orchid moral and wI 323 etc.；Like the luxuriant and rich with fragrance variety production such as nit, Te Rui and Nong Bao
Can be poor；Although Herba Medicaginis king and triumph two kind green forage yield of Herba Medicaginis are higher, but its reproduction speed is slow, and Herba Medicaginis king's stem/leaf ratio
Low, triumph Herba Medicaginis dry matter content is low, but triumph Herba Medicaginis high temperature resistance, drought-resistant, cold resistance, preferably kind property are extensively, and seedling vigor is strong, produces
Amount height, therefore finally determine that triumph Herba Medicaginis is supplies of the present invention kind.
The preferred version improved further:
The light violet Herba Trigonellae Ruthenicae cradled is made various grass product and claims modulation, be particular about modulator approach, improve unit are grass product and produce
Amount and quality should be the another aspects of the efficient implantation methods of Alfalfa southern China, belong to the preferred version improved further.Pale reddish brown lucerne
One important Land use systems of Mu is to be modulated into common Radix Glycyrrhizae and dried grass, is also processed into hay powder and graininess Radix Glycyrrhizae etc..Lucerne
The unsuitable overdrying of Mu Radix Glycyrrhizae, because moisture is reduced to 14%, carotene loss is most, and the most in pellet internal loss, therefore
After cradling at fair weather behind two, three days repeatedly Exposure to Sunlight, through air-drying the wisp storage that can be bundled into 7.5kg mono-, for
Shortening drying time, making the stem and leaf rate of drying more consistent, place with good conditionsi, available machines used flattens alfalfa stem.Other one
Individual important Land use systems is to be exactly ensiling.Herba Medicaginis containing protein more and containing candy less, be the herbage of more difficult ensiling, in order to increase
Adding the saccharide in alfalfa ensilage material, improve ensiling success rate, method has 2: its 1, the crushing adding 32% in the Herba Medicaginis newly cradled is beautiful
The grain of rice or the dried chips of 25-35%；Its 2, Herba Medicaginis and green grass or young crops cradle Semen Maydis mixed silage.
The present invention selects the moisture soil cotton ground in the south Meadow Soil continuous cropping Cotton Gossypii winter slack of more than 7 years, and takes to select high product
Kind, seed be irradiated processing, soak seed before planting seed, fertile with titanium in phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria seed dressing, the most whole, use nutrient completely
Chicken and duck excrement cake fertilizer, spray titanium solution, in time cradle intertillage topdress, the series planting measure such as the rotation of crops in time, thus form south tide
Soil district's Cotton Gossypii continuous cropping nonirrigated farmland cotton grass crop rotation is improved the soil method；This light-duty method for planting, makes large area improvement Cotton Gossypii continuous cropping nonirrigated farmland phase
The soil degenerated is possibly realized, say, that the reality relatively degenerated in the face of large area continuous cropping cotton ground, actively should how take
To measure, with improving cotton energetically benefit, with stable Cotton Production, guides and cultivates cotton grower and greatly develop the energy-conservation simplification of high-yield and high-efficiency
New cultivation technology performs the technique preparation of early stage.
The present invention had both been suitable for the cotton grass crop rotation of cotton continuous cropping nonirrigated farmland, China various places and had improved the soil method, was suitable for again Meadow Soil, south Cotton Gossypii
The cotton grass crop rotation of continuous cropping nonirrigated farmland is improved the soil method, is suitable for light-duty making full use of alfalfa (alfalfa, lucerne, alfalfa)
Cultivation, the feature that improving soil is excellent, alleviate or contain that continuous cropping cotton soil is degenerated relatively, especially in old cotton region, faced by
How the reality that continuous cropping cotton ground soil large area is degenerated relatively, take to respond actively measure, improves cotton ground benefit energetically with stable
Cotton Production, guides and cultivates cotton grower and greatly develop high-yield and high-efficiency energy-conservation simplified cultivation new technique the most instant today, this
Invention practical value highlights.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described.(2008-2011, seminar is in hengyang, hunan province city
Xiang River east, ××× township bank has carried out the Cotton Gossypii continuous cropping nonirrigated farmland cotton grass crop rotation of southern Meadow Soil and has improved the soil method test, and implementation process is such as
Under.)
1. selection of land
(1) selection of position.××× township of hengyang, hunan province city genus the Changjiang river Liu Cheng, is Meadow Soil, south.
(2) the continuous cropping time limit selects.According to investigations, the local time limit relatively degenerated in cotton generation soil of planting continuously according to soil fertilizer cottonly
Power slightly difference, 6-8, the own continuous cropping in the ground Cotton Gossypii of present invention choosing 7 years.
(3) land type selects.The present invention experimental field belongs to Xiang River river and amasss the moisture soil level land, river that thing is grown, and soil layer is deep, suitable
Close this deep root type herbage growth of alfalfa；In crops for rotation Cotton Gossypii-winter slack, select the layout that Winter idle land is favorably tested.
2. selection kind.The alfalfa variety that China cultivates at present mainly includes local varieties, domestic improved variety, cultivation domestication
Kind and external introduced variety.End 2012, domestic and international alfalfa variety totally 866, in state-owned 41, external 825；Kind
Parabiosis habit and production performance are widely different, it is necessary to carry out the screening of alfalfa variety.The present invention uses gray system theory
13 alfalfa varieties are analyzed in the production performance in Xiang Zhong river flat district, result triumph yield of alfalfa row
1st, the index such as stem/leaf ratio, plant height, branch amount, main root length, reproduction speed is all at the 2nd, the 3rd, only hay yield occupy the 7th,
But the Herba Medicaginis face that our trial zone is cultivated at present is the least, grass product is mainly fresh grass therefore determines that triumph Herba Medicaginis is experimental cultivar.
3. irradiate.By triumph the alfalfa seed gamma ray of radiosiotope protactinium, intensity Gr600, distance 2m,
Time 2 h, is irradiated, and with the planting seed of irradiated process, its seeding stage shifts to an earlier date 1-2 days, reaches the suitableeest cut issue grass layer
Natural height height 6.31cm, year green forage yield height 33.9%-72.3% (table 1).
4. before sowing, seed treatment with irradiation crossed carries out pre-sowing treatment, including seed soaking, seed dressing.
(1) seed soaking, seed dressing method.
Bubble kind: being soaked by seed clear water, water is 1 times of seed quality, soaks 12 hours, dries；
Seed dressing:
It is watered the ratio of 1kg in every 1ml titanium fertilizer, converts to obtain titanium solution；
It is watered the ratio of 200ml in 1g phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria powder, converts to obtain phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria solution；
Mix by the mass ratio of 10:1 with human excrement by local moisture soil, retting one month, air-dry, make dry mud powder；
Adding titanium solution 0.1kg, solubilization phosphorus bacteria powder 0.02 kg by 1kg seed, the ratio adding dry mud powder 0.2kg adds titanium fertilizer
Liquid, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria solution, dry mud powder, seed dressing.
(2) effect soaked seed.Through the seed of the alfalfa seed non-seed soaking of ratio of seed soaking, germination percentage improves
13.7%, the seeding stage does sth. in advance 1-2 days.
(3) phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria effect is mixed.Phosphorus is one of required macronutrient of plant growing, mainly by root system of plant from soil
Earth absorbs, utilizes；Research shows, the total phosphorus content of China's soil is higher, but the phosphorus more than 95% is all invalid phosphorus, and plant is very
Difficulty directly utilizes, and in actual production, people have to use phosphate fertilizer in a large number and pursue the yield of plant, but the phosphate fertilizer applied is most of
Being fixed to insoluble phosphorus, plant is also only 5%-25% to the utilization rate of this season phosphate fertilizer；Soil and crop rhizosphere exist substantial amounts of
Microorganism, a lot of microorganisms have the ability (Lin Qimei, 2000, Zhao little Rong, 2001) that indissoluble phosphorus is converted into available phosphorus, these
Microorganism is referred to as phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria (including antibacterial, fungus and actinomycetes), these microorganisms is separated from plant rhizosphere and makes molten phosphorus
Microbial inoculum is dressed seed.2008, carry out seed at ××× township of Hengyang City Xiang River east bank and mixed phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria (Taiwan connection generation thing section
Skill limited company produces, and enterprise operation center Nanjing, continent is sold with Lian Fa bio tech ltd) test；Test sets 3
Process, P-dissolving fungi liquid (1g phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria add water 200ml) adjust yellow mud seed dressing (processing 1), 200ml water adjust yellow mud seed dressing (processing 2),
White seed (processes 3), is all plot experiment, plot area 10 × 3.3m=33, repeats for 3 times, and random district group arranges；Trial zone four
Set 1.2m width protection row week.In April, 2008 sows alfalfa, takes arable layer aggregate sample in April, 2009 and surveys available phosphorus content.
As a result, after 1 growth cycle of alfalfa (2008-2009), different disposal dissolves the effect of soil insoluble phosphorus, processes 1
In (phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria seed dressing) arable layer aggregate sample soil available phosphorus content be 11.4mg/kg, process 2 (yellow mud seed dressings) be 8.7mg/
Kg, process 3 (white seeds) are 8.6mg/kg, mix phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria and process whiter seed process raising 2.8mg/kg, improve 32.6%, and difference reaches
Pole significant level.
(4) titanium solution effect is mixed.Titanium is the beneficial element of plant, and it can promote that plant is to nitrogen, phosphorus, the absorption of potassium
And operating, improve percentage of seedgermination and crops root system development, improve chlorophyll content and dry-matter accumulation；2008, at weighing apparatus
Sun city Xiang River east, ××× township bank has carried out seed and has mixed the test of titanium solution；Test sets 3 process, and titanium solution (1ml is watered 1kg) is adjusted
Yellow mud seed dressing (processing 2), white seed (processing 3) are adjusted in yellow mud seed dressing (processing 1), 1kg water, are all plot experiments, plot area
10x3.3m=33, repeats for 3 times, and random district group arranges；Trial zone surrounding sets 1.2m width protection row.In April, 2008, sowing was pale reddish brown
Herba Medicaginis, surveys every square metre of overground part fresh grass amount, 0-30Cm soil layer root amount for 2008 when cradling.As a result, alfalfa every square metre
Overground part fresh grass amount, 0-30Cm soil layer root amount, process 1 and be respectively increased 24.6%, 32.8% than process 2, process 3, and difference is the most notable.
The most wholely.
(1) method of soil preparation test.2008, in ××× township of Hengyang City, Xiang River east bank carried out method of soil preparation test；If
Dig deep 25Cm+ per hectare lime 225kg+ (process 1) the most wholely, to dig the deep 10Cm+ per hectare 225kg+ that limes the most whole
Ground (process 2), dig deep 25Cm+ do not lime+(process 3), dig deep 25Cm+ per hectare and lime 225kg+ the most wholely the most wholely
(processing 4)；It is all plot experiment, plot area 20x10m=200, do not set repetition, sow alfalfa in April, 2008, see
Survey output of seedling, seedling amount, Radix Glycyrrhizae amount in 2009 in 2008 when the mat woven of fine bamboo strips cradles for 1 time.
(2) method of soil preparation compares.4 method of soil preparation compare, output of seedling, seedling amount when the mat woven of fine bamboo strips cradles for 1 time, process 1 > process 2 >
Process 3 > process 4, process difference between 1,2,3 not notable, process 1,2,3 ratio process 4, output of seedling, seedling amount increment rate reach
42.1-57.4%, difference is the most notable, it is seen that the impact on alfalfa output of seedling, seedling amount is bigger the most wholely；Within 2008, do
Grass amount, process 1,2,3 reaches 5.9-8.5% than processing 4 rate of growths, and difference is all notable, and these mainly process 4 Seedlings are few caused；And 2009
Year Radix Glycyrrhizae amount, processes 2 minimum, and the difference between the process 4 of the yield inverse mat woven of fine bamboo strips 2 also reaches significant level, and this will become apparent from deep-cutting
The ground impact (table 2) on deep root type alfalfa.
6. fertilising.
(1) Fertilizer ratio test.2008, in ××× township of Hengyang City, Xiang River east bank carried out Fertilizer ratio test；If
Dry chicken and duck excrement, cake fertilizer make base manure and topdress (process 1), and dry chicken and duck excrement, cake fertilizer are made base manure+chemistry N, P, K fertilizer and topdressed (process
2), base manure+dry chicken and duck excrement made by chemistry N, P, K fertilizer, cake fertilizer topdresses (processing 3), and chemistry N, P, K fertilizer makees base manure and (process of topdressing
4), it is all plot experiment, plot area 20 × 10m=200, do not set repetition；Sow alfalfa in April, 2008, survey the mat woven of fine bamboo strips 1,
Cradle green forage yield 2nd, the 3rd time.
(2) Fertilizer ratio benefit.4 Fertilizer ratios process and compare, and the alfalfa mat woven of fine bamboo strips cradles green forage yield the 1, the 2nd, the 3rd time
All follow process 1 > process 2 > process 3 > process 4；Processing 1 and relatively process 4 green forage yield height 0.91-1.07kg/, rate of growth is
16.8%-19.4% (table 3).
7. spray titanium fertile.
(1) titanium fertilizer brief introduction.It is reported. the increasing yield that titanium is fertile is mainly its physiologically active that can improve crop, makes work
The intensity of photosynthesis of thing increases by 6.6～85.8%, and chlorophyll content increases by 9.2～21.7%, and nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency are respectively increased
6.6～13.7% and 20%, the average volume increase 10.1 ± 0.9% on probation of various crops, volume increase probability reaches 75%；Wherein alfalfa,
Volume increase Radix Glycyrrhizae 11.2～3 5.3 % such as prairie milk vetch, Semen Tritici aestivi averagely increases production 5.3～13.2%, and Apple degree of staining improves 47.6%,
VC content increases 31.2～40.7%, and soluble sugar increases by 6.5～14.2%；Titanium fertilizer is spraying 2～3 times preferably around florescence；
Cereal crops are with 5～20mg/kg, melon with 5～10mg/kg, fruit tree with 7～20mg/kg, if with conventional chemical fertilizer compounding application
Better, but can not mix with calcium superphosphate, ammonium molybdate and use. the former produces precipitation, and the latter appraises at the current rate inefficacy.
(2) titanium fertilizer test.2008, carry out alfalfa at ××× township of Hengyang City Xiang River east bank and sprayed the examination of titanium fertilizer
Testing, (processing if spraying 2 titanium fertilizer between spraying 1 titanium fertilizer (processing 2) between not spraying titanium fertile (processing 1), cradling for 2 times, cradling for 2 times
3), cradle for 2 times between spray 4 process such as 3 titanium fertilizer (processing 4).It is all plot experiment, plot area 20 × 10m=200,
Do not set repetition.Sow alfalfa in April, 2008, survey the mat woven of fine bamboo strips and cradle green forage yield the 1, the 2nd, the 3rd time.
(3) titanium fertilizer sprays and compares one after another.4 process are compared, and grass yield is then process 4 > process 3 > process 2 > process 1, i.e.
Grass yield sprays increasing and increasing increasing and increase with the titanium fertilizer amount of spraying in other words of number of times with titanium fertilizer, respectively processes it
Between, difference all reaches significant level, illustrates to spray titanium fertile big to improving Alfalfa Output effect.Process 4 and relatively process 1 green forage yield
High 1.21-1.87kg/, high 38.7%-45.5% (table 4).
8. cradle, intertill, topdress.
(1) cradle.Test proves, bloom 50% or initial bloom stage, the yield of herbage and quality best, later herbage is gradually old, product
Matter is the poorest；As made hay powder, preferably gather in squaring period；Make Radix Glycyrrhizae, then the initial bloom stage harvesting that can terminate in the flower bud phase, to ensure to produce
Amount；The annual phase of cutting at end should not too late, and the autumn and winter cradle, and the most late harm is the biggest, has both affected and has survived the winter, again to Second Year growing way not
Profit.Within 2008, carrying out alfalfa at ××× township of Hengyang City Xiang River east bank and cut phase test eventually, (having located if cutting phase JIUYUE 10 eventually
Reason 1), cut phase JIUYUE eventually 20 (process 2), cut phase JIUYUE eventually 30 (process 3), cut on October phase 10 (process 4) eventually；Jun Shi community
Test, plot area 20x10m=200, do not set repetition.Sow alfalfa in April, 2008, survey and cut phase grass yield, observation eventually
Period of seedling establishment in 2009,1 suitable cut issue of the mat woven of fine bamboo strips in 2009 and green forage yield；Result JIUYUE cradles (process 1) and JIUYUE 20 days on the 10th
Cradling (process 2), period of seedling establishment in 2009,1 suitable cut issue of the mat woven of fine bamboo strips in 2009 and green forage yield difference are notable, and the phase of cutting eventually produces
Grass amount, processes 1 ratio and processes 2 low by 26.7% (Zao 10 days of cut issue)；Process 3, process 2 years period of seedling establishments of 4 mat woven of fine bamboo strips than process 1,2 the latest
7d and 15d, the mat woven of fine bamboo strips 1 suitable cut issue 3d and 5d in evening of 2 years mat woven of fine bamboo strips, low 12.3% profit 27.4% of green forage yield.This is because, the first Frost's Descent
Rear alfalfa would generally stop growing, it is necessary to cradles for the last time in JIUYUE, reserves 6 time-of-weeks so that it is before the Frost's Descent
Restoration ecosystem, result of the test shows, cuts eventually the phase at Xiang Zhong river flat district alfalfa most widely suited with JIUYUE 20 days.
(2) intertillage.One is to carry out weed control in time seedling stage, because of Seedling of Alfalfa poor growth, is easily invaded by weeds
Evil, so as artificial remove impurity mode should be used when Weed infestation is heavier in time or selects suitable herbicide.Two is to cradle for every 2 times
After to intertill and cut weeds.
(3) topdress.One be Seedling Stage in addition to executing the fertilizer that appropriate phosphorous potash fertilizer is many, also answer per hectare Nitrogen Top Dressing
75～150 kg, because alfalfa is weak in Seedling Stage root nodule bacteria nitrogen fixing capacity, so this phase should water or nitrogenous fertilizer is molten in time
Use again after Yu Shuizhong, to promote being formed and the growth of seedling of the effective root nodule bacteria of alfalfa；Later stage alfalfa is formed solid
After nitrogen ability should not applied nitrogen again, only mend and execute the fertilizer that phosphorous potash fertilizer is many, in order to avoid affecting the formation of its effective root nodule bacteria.
9. the rotation of crops.Cotton continuous cropping nonirrigated farmland replants 2 years plants cotton again after alfalfa, claim the crop rotation of cotton grass, the also referred to as rotation of crops.
(1) rotation of crops effect test.Within 2008, carry out, at ××× township of Hengyang City Xiang River east bank, (crop rotation of the cotton grass) effect that rotates crops
Should test, if cotton grass (alfalfa) crop rotation (processing 1), Cotton Gossypii continuous cropping (processing 2)；It is all plot experiment, plot area 20 ×
10m=200, does not set repetition.In April, 2008 sows alfalfa, and before test, (in April, 2008) layering soil sampling is surveyed unit weight, taken
Aggregate sample censorship, before within 2010, planting cotton whole ground, (in April, 2010) layering soil sampling is surveyed unit weight, is taken aggregate sample censorship, alfalfa,
Cotton yield measurement.
(2) crop rotation of cotton grass reduces soil weight effect.After continuous cropping replants alfalfa 2 years cottonly, 0-20cm soil layer soil
Unit weight substantially reduces: cotton grass (alfalfa) crop rotation (processing 1) 0-5cm, 5-10cm, 10-20cm soil layer soil weight respectively than
0.14-0.19g/cm is reduced before test3, reduce 9.6-12.1%；Cotton continuous cropping (process 2) 0-5cm, 5-10cm, 10-20cm soil
The layer soil weight increases 0.17-0.21g/cm than before test3, increase 10.8-14.4% (table 5).
(3) crop rotation of cotton grass improves the effect of soil nutrient content.After continuous cropping replants alfalfa 2 years cottonly, 0-20cm soil layer soil
Earth nutrient content significantly improves: cotton grass (alfalfa) crop rotation (processing 1) 0-5cm, 5-10cm, 10-20cm soil organism contains
Amount is respectively increased 11.3g/kg, 10.9g/kg, 10.1g/kg than before test, improves 74.3%, 74.1%, 71.6%, and Total Nutrient divides
You can well imagine high 0.63g/kg, 0.55g/kg, 0.52g/kg, improve 60%, 55.6%, 57.8%, available nutrient be respectively increased 32mg/kg,
28.5mg/kg, 25.8mg/kg, improve 59.1%, 55.3%, 54.8%；And cotton continuous cropping (processing 2) 0-20cm soil layer soil is organic
Matter, Total Nutrient, available nutrient reduce 6.8g/kg, 0.46g/kg, 16.2mg/kg respectively and reduce by 44.7%, 43%, 31.9% (table
6)。
(4) crop rotation of cotton grass improves the effect of land output.The crop rotation of cotton grass improves the effect of land output and intends carrying out from two aspects
Relatively: one be replant alfalfa cottonly after cradle the net income for raising creation and cotton ground continuous cropping Cotton Gossypii created net income ratio every year
Relatively；Two is to replant the alfalfa net income that after 2 years, multiple cropping Cotton Gossypii is created and cotton ground continuous cropping Cotton Gossypii created net income ratio cottonly
Relatively.
(5) mat woven of fine bamboo strips one aspect benefit.Replant alfalfa 2 years cottonly, per hectare year net income, produce and throw ratio, cotton grass is (pale reddish brown
Herba Medicaginis) crop rotation (process 1) be respectively 6680 yuan, 2.48, and cotton continuous cropping (processing 2) be respectively 4127.4 yuan, 1.24, change cottonly
Plant alfalfa 2 years, crop rotation is higher than continuous cropping hectare net income 2552.6 yuan, high by 61.8%, operation ratio big 1.24, big 1 times
(table 7).
(6) mat woven of fine bamboo strips two aspect benefit.Replant cotton (2010) after replanting alfalfa 2 years cottonly, per hectare year net income, ratio of going into operation
Value, cotton grass (alfalfa) crop rotation (processing 1) be respectively 15627.9 yuan, 1.91, and cotton continuous cropping (processing 2) is respectively
2737.5 yuan, 1.16, replant cotton after replanting alfalfa 2 years cottonly, crop rotation is higher than continuous cropping hectare net income 12890.4 yuan, high
470.9%, operation ratio big 0.75, amplification 64.7% (table 8).
(7) cotton grass (alfalfa) crop rotation benefit.Cotton grass (alfalfa) crop rotation 2008-2010 hectare net income is 6680
Unit × ÷ 3=9662.6 unit of+15627.9 yuan=28987.9 yuan of 2=13360 unit；Cotton continuous cropping 2008-2010 hectare year pure receipts
Entering is+2737.5 yuan=10992.3 yuan ÷ 3=3664.1 unit of 4127.4 yuan × 2=8254.8 unit, cotton continuous cropping year net income be only
The 37.9% of cotton grass (alfalfa) crop rotation；Cotton grass (alfalfa) crop rotation 2008-2010 operation ratio is 11180 yuan × 2=
22360 yuan+32877.9 yuan=55237.9 yuan ÷ (4500 × 2+17250)=2.1, cotton continuous cropping 2008-2010 goes into operation and compares
Value is+19987.5 yuan=62742.3 yuan ÷ (17250 × 3)=1.2 of 21377.4 yuan × 2=42754.8 unit, and cotton continuous cropping is gone into operation
Ratio is only the 57.1% of cotton grass (alfalfa) crop rotation.
Claims (10)
1. south Cotton Gossypii continuous cropping nonirrigated farmland, Meadow Soil cotton grass crop rotation is improved the soil method, it is characterised in that continuous cropping replants alfalfa 2 cottonly
Nian Houzai grows cotton.
South Cotton Gossypii continuous cropping nonirrigated farmland, Meadow Soil cotton grass crop rotation the most according to claim 1 is improved the soil method, it is characterised in that bag
Include following steps:
(1) by alfalfa seed through the gamma roentgenization of radioisotope protactinium；
(2) before sowing, the seed crossed by Irradiation carries out pre-sowing treatment, including bubble kind, seed dressing；
(3) wholely, seed furrow is opened；
(4) execute dry chicken and duck excrement, cake fertilizer in seed furrow, then sow；
(5) start to spray titanium solution when germination grows blade；
(6) alfalfa cradles in good time, intertills, applies fertilizer；
(7) kind is turned over after alfalfa and is buried fertilizer for 2 years continuously, again plants Cotton Gossypii.
South Cotton Gossypii continuous cropping nonirrigated farmland, Meadow Soil cotton grass crop rotation the most according to claim 1 and 2 is improved the soil method, and its feature exists
In, described (1st) step, by alfalfa seed, utilize the gamma ray of radioelement protactinium to be irradiated, transmitted intensity
Gr600, distance 1.8-2.2m, 2-2.5 hour time.
South Cotton Gossypii continuous cropping nonirrigated farmland, Meadow Soil cotton grass crop rotation the most according to claim 1 and 2 is improved the soil method, and its feature exists
In, described (2nd) step, before sowing, seed treatment with irradiation crossed carries out pre-sowing treatment, including bubble kind, seed dressing；
Bubble kind: being soaked by seed clear water, water is more than 1 times of seed quality, soaks 12-13 hour, dries；
Seed dressing:
It is watered the ratio of 0.8-1kg in every 1ml titanium fertilizer, converts to obtain titanium solution；
It is watered the ratio of 150-250ml in 1g phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria powder, converts to obtain phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria solution；
Mix by the mass ratio of 8-12:1 with human excrement by local moisture soil, retting more than one month, air-dry, make dry mud powder；
Add titanium solution 0.1-0.2kg, solubilization phosphorus bacteria powder 0.015-0.025 kg by 1kg seed, add dry mud powder 0.1-
The ratio of 0.2kg adds titanium solution, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria solution, dry mud powder, seed dressing.
South Cotton Gossypii continuous cropping nonirrigated farmland, Meadow Soil cotton grass crop rotation the most according to claim 1 and 2 is improved the soil method, and its feature exists
In, described (3rd) step, 20-25cm is ploughed deeply on ground.
South Cotton Gossypii continuous cropping nonirrigated farmland, Meadow Soil cotton grass crop rotation the most according to claim 1 and 2 is improved the soil method, and its feature exists
In, described (3rd) step, acid soil spreads fertilizer over the fields Calx per hectare 225-450 kg.
South Cotton Gossypii continuous cropping nonirrigated farmland, Meadow Soil cotton grass crop rotation the most according to claim 1 and 2 is improved the soil method, and its feature exists
In, described (4th) step, the dry chicken and duck excrement of 3000-3500kg/h, 1000-1200kg/h cake fertilizer are mixed thoroughly, executes in sowing
In ditch, then sow, sow deep 1～2cm, per hectare sowing quantity 15～18kg.
South Cotton Gossypii continuous cropping nonirrigated farmland, Meadow Soil cotton grass crop rotation the most according to claim 1 and 2 is improved the soil method, and its feature exists
In, described (5th) step, described beginning when germination grows blade sprays fruit type titanium fertilizer, it is simply that alfalfa germination exhibition
Starting after leaf to spray titanium solution, concentration: titanium fertilizer converts clear water 2000～3000 times of quality, every 20kg water adds carbamide 100-200g；Spray
Shi Liang: spray titanium solution 450～600kg/h every time, spray 2～3 times of emerging to the 1st harvesting, the 1st harvesting is received to the 2nd time
Cut spray 2～3 times, by that analogy；Spraying method: spray alfalfa blade front and the back side.
South Cotton Gossypii continuous cropping nonirrigated farmland, Meadow Soil cotton grass crop rotation the most according to claim 1 and 2 is improved the soil method, and its feature exists
In, described (6th) step, described alfalfa cradles in good time, intertill, topdressing refers to alfalfa sowing and the most just can cut
Cutting, toothing 5-6cm is high；Alfalfa ground seedling stage and intertilling after every time cradling, cut weeds；Impose the dried poultrymanure become thoroughly decomposed seedling stage
Or cake fertilizer, water in conjunction with soluble in water the sprinkling of per hectare 75-80kg carbamide, other period, only mend after cradling every time and execute phosphorus potash fertilizer,
Not nitrogen fertilizer application.
South Cotton Gossypii continuous cropping nonirrigated farmland, Meadow Soil cotton grass crop rotation the most according to claim 1 and 2 is improved the soil method, and its feature exists
In, described (7th) step, described continuous kind is turned over after alfalfa and is buried fertilizer for 2 years, and plantation Cotton Gossypii is exactly to replant pale reddish brown lucerne cottonly again
After Mu 2 years, last 1 Herba Medicaginis does not cradle for raising, but turns over and bury fertilizer, whole ground sowing cotton.
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