CN108934256A - A kind of arable farming method improveing soil - Google Patents
A kind of arable farming method improveing soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN108934256A CN108934256A CN201810602969.4A CN201810602969A CN108934256A CN 108934256 A CN108934256 A CN 108934256A CN 201810602969 A CN201810602969 A CN 201810602969A CN 108934256 A CN108934256 A CN 108934256A
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- crop
- soil
- subsoiling
- drip irrigation
- arable farming
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of arable farming methods for improveing soil, belong to technical field of crop cultivation.For the present invention the following steps are included: suppressing after (1) Subsoiling, the first crop of sowing is laid with drip irrigation zone, after the first crop harvest, crushes the stalk of the first crop, ploughs deeply into soil or be covered in farmland surface, rotary tillage is primary；(2) second year is suppressed after Subsoiling, and the second crop is sowed, and is laid with drip irrigation zone, after the second crop harvest, is crushed the stalk of the second crop, is ploughed deeply into soil, rotary tillage is primary；Second crop includes gramineous crop or legume；(3) it suppresses after Subsoiling in third year, sows third crop, be laid with drip irrigation zone, after third crop harvest, crush the stalk of third crop, turn over into soil, rotary tillage is primary；The third crop includes gramineous crop or legume；Second crop is different from the first crop and third crop respectively.Method of the invention can significantly improve soil, and effect of increasing production is obvious.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of crop cultivation, and in particular to a kind of arable farming method for improveing soil.
Background technique
Northeast plain area is due to climatic factor, and general one is only one season of plantation crop, and conventional cultivation method predominantly connects
Make, ecological benefits and economic benefit are low.Crop pathogens accumulation is serious, and pest and disease damage occurs frequently, and gradually aggravates.It is especially native
It passes disease constantly to occur, pathogen is gradually evolved reinforcements, and prevention and treatment difficulty becomes the chief threat of production, crop failure is serious.It ploughs
Layer soil, which deteriorates, causes soil microbial activities to reduce, microbiologic population's imbalance, nutrient decomposition decline.It is single in soil to support
Divide consumption larger, the recovery of accumulation consumption for many years is more difficult, and with the extension of Cultivation time, soil salt content is improved, and gradually to surface layer
Aggregation, exacerbation that pH is unbalance.The continuous cropping of many years monocrop, causes that topsoil soils are hardened, physical and chemical property deteriorates, and pH value increases, and ploughs bottom
Layer is deepened to be hardened seriously, influences absorption and utilization of the crop to nutrient.
Many years continuous production is easy to cause agricultural land soil structure deterioration serious, and soil water storage soil moisture conservation is poor, encounters rainfall
Rainwash easy to form easily forms small ditch, and moisture content, which penetrates into, to be caused to irrigate a large amount of wastes with rainfall resource, farmland soil less
Earth wind erosion is heavier with soil erosion.Agricultural land soil hard plough sole easy to form, the plough sole of hardening gradually thicken, plough sole
Nutrient, moisture are deficient, and microorganism largely reduces, and content of organic matter decline is larger, and the permeable of soil, permeability decaying are serious,
Difficulty is pricked under crop root, seriously affects the growth of ground crop.
And after the Northeast harvests every year, most of crop material indwelling farmland, some areas the next spring is even
There is also the behavior of crop straw burning, a large amount of stalk is caused to waste, even there is a corresponding straw-returning operation, stalk it is organic
Transforming degree is also low.
Currently, there is no the comprehensive returning to the field arable farming methods of the High-efficiency straw that one kind can play improvement soil.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of arable farming method with soil improvement action, improvement
Soil texture improves soil organic matter content, improves soil moisture content.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention the following technical schemes are provided:
The present invention provides a kind of arable farming methods for improveing soil, comprising the following steps:
(1) it is suppressed after Subsoiling, sows the first crop, be laid with drip irrigation zone, after the first crop harvest, crushed first and make
The stalk of object is ploughed deeply into soil or is covered in earth's surface, and rotary tillage is primary；First crop includes that gramineous crop or pulse family are made
Object；
(2) second year is suppressed after Subsoiling, and the second crop is sowed, and is laid with drip irrigation zone, after the second crop harvest, powder
The stalk of broken second crop is ploughed deeply into soil, and rotary tillage is primary；Second crop includes gramineous crop or legume；
(3) it suppresses after Subsoiling in third year, sows third crop, be laid with drip irrigation zone, after third crop harvest, powder
The stalk of broken third crop is turned over into soil, and rotary tillage is primary；The third crop includes gramineous crop or legume；
Second crop is different from the first crop and third crop respectively.
Preferably, the depth of step (1) to step (3) described subsoiling is 25~45cm.
Preferably, the partial size of step (1) to step (3) described crushing independently is 5~25cm.
Preferably, step (1) to the depth ploughed deeply described in step (2) independently is 31~45cm.
Preferably, step (3) depth turned over is 20~30cm.
It preferably, further include laying plastic process when being laid with drip irrigation zone when the gramineous crop is corn.
Preferably, the deep soil loosing shovel that step (1) to step (3) described subsoiling uses is preposition cutting blade deep soil loosing shovel.
Preferably, the mode of step (1) to step (3) described sowing includes wide-and narrow-row and uniform ridge planting.
Preferably, step (1) to step (3) suppression, subsoiling, sowing, be laid with drip irrigation zone, crush, plough deeply, turn over and
Rotary tillage is mechanically actuated.
Preferably, the arable farming method is applied to the season of crop 1 year producing region.
The present invention provides a kind of arable farming methods for improveing soil, form crop rotation using two or more crops and close
System, and straw-returning, cooperation suppression, subsoiling, trickle irrigation, crush, plough deeply, turn over rotary tillage technology, improve topsoil soils in due course
Temperature in advance the sowing time, builds suitable soil moisture content and soil moisture environment, promotes to sow and emerge in advance, extends and make
Object growth time, increase yield: corn yield increasing rate is 5~21%, soybean yield-increasing rate 4%~18%, and wheat rate of growth 5%~
16%；Soil texture is improved, promotion straw decomposition: available nitrogen increase by 30~50%, potassium increase by 10~24%, phosphorus increase by 21~
33%, soil organic matter content increases by 0.13~0.22%, and soil microbe quantity increases by 7~18.7%；Raising soil water storage,
Storage capacity increases Soil Reservoir reservoir storage, promotes water effective utilization, improves soil drought-resistant ability, reduces redundancy and irrigates
With water, irrigation water is saved, the waste of water resource is reduced, improves the reasonable utilization of water resource；Various crop stalk interval is mixed
Returning to the field is closed, is conducive to diversification soil nutrient and forms, be easy to improve straw decomposition effect, provides good soil for second stubble crop growth
Earth structure and nutrient composition.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the solution of the present invention flow chart；
Fig. 2 is that embodiment 1 completes the soil stalk hierarchical diagram after the arable farming of three seasons；
Fig. 3 is that embodiment 2 completes the soil stalk hierarchical diagram after the arable farming of three seasons；
Fig. 4 is that embodiment 3 completes the soil stalk hierarchical diagram after the arable farming of three seasons；
Fig. 5 is that embodiment 4 completes the soil stalk hierarchical diagram after the arable farming of three seasons.
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of arable farming methods for improveing soil, comprising the following steps:
(1) it is suppressed after Subsoiling, sows the first crop, be laid with drip irrigation zone, after the first crop harvest, crushed first and make
The stalk of object is ploughed deeply into soil or is covered in earth's surface, and rotary tillage is primary；First crop includes that gramineous crop or pulse family are made
Object；
(2) second year is suppressed after Subsoiling, and the second crop is sowed, and is laid with drip irrigation zone, after the second crop harvest, powder
The stalk of broken second crop is ploughed deeply into soil, and rotary tillage is primary；Second crop includes gramineous crop or legume；
(3) it suppresses after Subsoiling in third year, sows third crop, be laid with drip irrigation zone, after third crop harvest, powder
The stalk of broken third crop is turned over into soil, and rotary tillage is primary；The third crop includes gramineous crop or legume；
Second crop is different from the first crop and third crop respectively.
Arable farming method provided by the invention, flow chart is as shown in Figure 1:
The present invention suppresses after Subsoiling when cultivating, and sows the first crop, drip irrigation zone is laid with, to the first crop
After harvest, the stalk of the first crop is crushed, ploughs deeply into soil or is covered in earth's surface, rotary tillage is primary；First crop includes standing grain
Undergraduate course crop or legume.Subsoiling of the present invention is preferably mechanically actuated, the mechanical preferably subsoiler, the subsoiling
Machine preferably includes wide-and narrow-row Striply deep loosening machine, uniform row Striply deep loosening machine, the compound Striply deep loosening machine of wide-and narrow-row or comprehensive depth
Loose machine, the subsoiler preferably include deep soil loosing shovel.Deep soil loosing shovel of the present invention preferably includes preposition cutting blade deep soil loosing shovel, more
It preferably include preposition equilateral triangle cutting edge, right angled triangle cutting edge.In the present invention, when the subsoiler is
When wide-and narrow-row Striply deep loosening machine, the depth of the subsoiling is preferably 25~45cm, more preferably 30~40cm, most preferably
35cm.Wide-and narrow-row Striply deep loosening machine of the present invention preferably includes Striply deep loosening shovel and suppression device, the suppression device packet
Include press wheel or pack roller.When the subsoiler is uniform row Striply deep loosening machine, the uniform row Striply deep loosening machine is preferred
Device is shoveled and suppressed including Striply deep loosening, and the depth of the deep soil loosing shovel is preferably 25~45cm, and more preferably 32~38cm is optimal
It is selected as 35cm.When subsoiler subsoiler compound for wide-and narrow-row, the compound subsoiler of wide-and narrow-row preferably includes compound
Striply deep loosening shovel and suppression device, the compound Striply deep loosening shovel preferably include long shovel and short shovel, long shovel of the present invention
Depth is preferably 31~45cm, more preferably 35~42cm, most preferably 40cm；The depth of short shovel of the present invention is preferably 20
~30cm, more preferably 22~28cm, most preferably 25cm.It is described comprehensive when the subsoiler is all-dimensional subsoiler
Subsoiler preferably includes omnibearing-deep ploughing shovel, shovel wing and suppression device, and the depth of omnibearing-deep ploughing shovel is preferably 25~
45cm, more preferably 30~40cm, most preferably 37cm.In an embodiment of the present invention, the suppression device preferably includes
Press wheel or pack roller can combine subsoiling and soil seam compacting operation and be completed at the same time.Present invention town after Subsoiling
Pressure sows the first crop, and first crop includes gramineous crop or legume.The sowing of first crop of the present invention
Mode preferably includes wide-and narrow-row sowing and the sowing of uniform row, and gramineae plant preferably includes corn, wheat, buckwheat or swallow
Wheat, wherein when first crop is corn, it is preferred to use wide-and narrow-row seeding method, the wide-and narrow-row sowing is respectively width
Row 80cm, narrow row 50cm.The present invention is laid with drip irrigation zone, preferably further includes laying plastic after the completion of corn seeding.The present invention
To the method and specification for being laid with drip irrigation zone and mulch, there is no particular determinations, using the conventional method of this field, preferably
Drip irrigation zone is laid under film.It is same that the present invention is laid with all-in-one machine preferably through covering with ground sheeting and drip irrigation pipe when being laid with drip irrigation zone
The laying of Shi Jinhang mulch and drip irrigation pipe.Laying can be used directly in corn growth process such as arid climate in the present invention
Drip irrigation zone carries out drought resisting moisturizing, and reduction drought loses, and the top dressing of corn jointing stage carries out the same benefit of liquid manure using the drip irrigation zone being laid with,
The utilization efficiency of liquid manure is improved, crop nutrition content is promoted to absorb and utilize, being equipped with for mulch is conducive to improve the soil moisture, mulch paving
Can promote plant growth after if, the harm of corn growth stage low temperature can be effectively relieved, can pre- preventing low-temperature cold damage, reduction damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature damage
It loses.After autumn harvest corn, the present invention directly crushes corn stover, and the partial size of the crushing is preferably 5~15cm, more excellent
It is selected as 7~10cm, most preferably 8cm.The present invention by the stalk of crushing plough deeply the depth into soil, ploughed deeply be preferably 31~
40cm, more preferably 32~38cm, most preferably 35cm.There is no particular determinations to the mode ploughed deeply by the present invention, preferably pass through
Machinery carries out, the mechanical preferably pivot plow.For the present invention after described plough deeply, rotary tillage is primary, and the rotary tillage preferably exists
Farmland upper layer carries out, and smashes the bulk soil on upper layer.There is no particular determinations for mode of the present invention to the rotary tillage, preferably pass through machine
Tool carries out.
In the present invention, when first crop is wheat, it is preferred to use uniform row sowing.Uniform row of the present invention
The line width 65cm of sowing.The present invention is laid with drip irrigation zone after the completion of wheat cultivation.The present invention to be laid with drip irrigation zone specification not
There is particular determination, using conventional drip irrigation band, the preferred method with shallow embedding is laid with, and the depth of the shallow embedding is preferably earth's surface
5cm below face.The present invention carries out a trickle irrigation moisturizing after being laid with drip irrigation zone, to wheatland after planting, carries out to agricultural land soil
Increase moisture in the soil, improve the humidity of 0~20cm of wheatland depth soil, promotes sprouting, the emergence of wheat seeds.The entire growth course of wheat uses
Drip irrigation equipment carries out moisturizing drought resisting, reduces or avoid the wheat underproduction caused by arid.Fertilising in wheat growth course also uses
Drip irrigation equipment carries out, and improves utilization of the wheat to liquid manure.After wheat harvest, the present invention crushes wheat straw, the grain of the crushing
Diameter is preferably 16~25cm, more preferably 18~23cm, most preferably 20cm.The present invention is ploughed deeply by the smashed wheat straw
It preferably further include bundling, closing heap and decomposed process, process and method of the present invention to the bundling and closing heap before entering soil
There is no particular determinations, utilize the conventional method of this field.It is of the present invention decomposed preferably to the wheat straw after closing heap
Straw decomposing inoculant to be sprayed on heap, and quick composting is carried out to stalk, the decomposed time is preferably 8~20d, more preferably 15~
18d, most preferably 17d.The present invention will be decomposed after Wheat-straw mulching to farmland surface face, then plough deeply into soil, it is described to plough deeply
Depth be preferably 30~45cm, more preferably 35~40cm, most preferably 38cm.There is no special to the mode ploughed deeply by the present invention
Different restriction is preferably carried out by mechanical, the mechanical preferably pivot plow.For the present invention after described plough deeply, rotary tillage is primary, institute
It states rotary tillage preferably to carry out on farmland upper layer, smashes the bulk soil on upper layer.There is no special for mode of the present invention to the rotary tillage
It limits, is preferably carried out by mechanical.
In the present invention, when first crop is oat, it is preferred to use uniform row seeding method, the uniform row are broadcast
The line width 65cm of kind.The present invention is laid with drip irrigation zone after the completion of oat is sowed.The present invention to be laid with drip irrigation zone specification not
Particular determination, using the conventional drip irrigation band of this field, the preferred method with shallow embedding is laid with.The present invention is being laid with drip irrigation zone
Afterwards, a trickle irrigation moisturizing is carried out to oat field after planting, increasing moisture in the soil is carried out to agricultural land soil, improves 0~20cm of oat field depth
The humidity of soil promotes sprouting, the emergence of wheat seeds.The entire growth course of oat uses drip irrigation equipment to carry out moisturizing drought resisting,
Reduce or avoid the oat underproduction caused by arid.Fertilising during Oat Growth is also carried out using drip irrigation equipment, and oat is improved
Utilization to liquid manure.After oat harvest, the present invention crushes oat straw, and the partial size of the crushing is preferably 10~25cm, more
Preferably 18~23cm, most preferably 20cm.The present invention is preferred to go back before the smashed oat straw is ploughed deeply soil
Including bundling, closing heap and decomposed process, there is no particular determination, benefits for process and method of the present invention to the bundling and closing heap
With the conventional method of this field.Decomposed be preferably of the present invention sprays straw decomposing on the oat straw heap after closing heap
Agent carries out quick composting to oat straw, and the decomposed time is preferably 8~20d, more preferably 15~18d, most preferably
17d.The present invention will be decomposed after oat straw cover farmland surface face, then plough deeply into soil, the depth ploughed deeply is preferred
For 35~45cm, more preferably 37~40cm, most preferably 38cm.There is no particular determinations to the mode ploughed deeply by the present invention, excellent
Gated mechanical progress, the mechanical preferably pivot plow.For the present invention after described plough deeply, rotary tillage is primary, and the rotary tillage is excellent
Choosing carries out on farmland upper layer, smashes the bulk soil on upper layer, and is closed the interstices of soil for turning over generation.The present invention is to the rotary tillage
Mode there is no particular determinations, preferably carried out by mechanical.
When first crop is soybean, it is preferred to use uniform row seeding method, the line width of the uniform row sowing
65cm.There is no particular determinations for specification of the present invention to laying drip irrigation zone, using the conventional drip irrigation band of this field, preferably
It is laid with the method for shallow embedding, the depth of the shallow embedding is preferably 5cm.After soybean harvest, the present invention crushes soybean stalk, institute
The partial size for stating crushing is preferably 8~20cm, more preferably 10~15cm, most preferably 13cm.The present invention is preferably by the big of crushing
Beanstalk stalk is uniformly layered on farmland surface, ploughs deeply into soil, and the depth ploughed deeply is preferably 25~40cm, more preferably 28~
35cm, most preferably 30cm.There is no particular determinations to the mode ploughed deeply by the present invention, are preferably carried out by mechanical, the machinery
Preferably pivot plow.For the present invention after described plough deeply, rotary tillage is primary, and the rotary tillage preferably carries out on farmland upper layer, smashes
The bulk soil on upper layer, and it is closed the interstices of soil for turning over generation.There is no particular determinations for mode of the present invention to the rotary tillage, excellent
Gated mechanical progress.
The present invention suppresses after second year, Subsoiling, sows the second crop, is laid with drip irrigation zone, harvests to the second crop
Afterwards, the stalk for crushing the second crop, is ploughed deeply into soil, rotary tillage is primary；Second crop includes that gramineous crop or pulse family are made
Object.Subsoiling of the present invention is the soil after the straw-returning of the first crop of subsoiling, and in the present invention, the subsoiling, suppression,
It sows, laying drip irrigation zone, harvest, crush, ploughing deeply and the method for rotary tillage is identical in the first crop.Of the present invention second makees
Object is different from the type of the first crop, and the crop rotation of Different Crop is formed on soil.Subsoiling of the present invention can increase soil with
The air circulation for burying stalk is turned over, promotes the mixing of the depth of soil and stalk and contact, can be improved turn over the resolution ratio for burying stalk in this way
And decomposition rate.The present invention preferably further includes a rotary tillage after the subsoiling, the rotary tillage can sufficiently break up bulk soil and
It levels land, the soil seam of subsoiling generation is closed up in closing, crushes the root stubble of the first crop.
The present invention suppresses after third year, Subsoiling, sows third crop, is laid with drip irrigation zone, harvests to third crop
Afterwards, the stalk for crushing third crop, is turned over into soil, rotary tillage is primary；The third crop includes that gramineous crop or pulse family are made
Object.Subsoiling of the present invention is the soil after the straw-returning of the second crop of subsoiling, and in the present invention, the subsoiling, suppression,
Sowing, the method for being laid with drip irrigation zone, harvest, crushing and rotary tillage are identical as the first crop.The depth of the present invention turned over
Preferably 20~30cm.Third crop of the present invention is different from the type of the second crop, and Different Crop is formed on soil
Crop rotation.Subsoiling of the present invention can increase soil and turn over the air circulation for burying stalk, promote the mixing of the depth of soil and stalk and
Contact, can be improved turn over the resolution ratio for burying stalk and decomposition rate in this way.
Cultural method of the present invention is suitable for the season of crop 1 year producing region, preferably includes Three Eastern Provinces area, of the invention
In embodiment, which is applied to West in Jilin Province semiarid region.
It is described in detail below with reference to arable farming method of the embodiment to improvement soil provided by the invention, still
They cannot be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
In West in Jilin Province semiarid region, drought occurs often, and topsoil is relatively thin, and soil fertility is lower.
1st year maize planting carries out wide-and narrow-row to agricultural land soil using wide-and narrow-row Striply deep loosening machine before spring corn seeding
Striply deep loosening, subsoiling depth 30cm, Striply deep loosening drive end unit carry press wheel, by Striply deep loosening and soil seam compacting operation combine
And it is completed at the same time.Using corn wide-and narrow-row seeder, carries out mechanical precision drilling and make row operation.Finally using covering with ground sheeting and
Drip irrigation pipe is laid with all-in-one machine, the simultaneously laying of film and drip irrigation pipe.Breeding time is chased after using the drip irrigation pipe of laying
Fertile operation.After autumn harvest corn, corn stover is directly ground to 8cm particle, farmland is ploughed deeply using one-way plough, it is deep
Returning to the field is turned over to enter in the soil of 30cm.It is primary in the rotary tillage of farmland upper layer after corn stover ploughs deeply returning to the field, bulk soil crushing in upper layer is beaten
It dissipates.
Wheat is planted in crop rotation before 2nd year spring is clear and bright, prior to seeding to carried out corn stover plough deeply the farmland of returning to the field into
Striply deep loosening of row, subsoiling depth shovel distance 65cm in 35cm, two Striply deep loosenings.In farmland surface after Striply deep loosening
Face carries out a rotary tillage, is then once suppressed using pack roller.Using wheat seeder to the wheat of crop rotation after the completion of suppression
Son carries out seeding operation.Wheat after planting, using tractor carries out shallow embedding laying to drip irrigation pipe, to after planting after laying
Wheatland carry out a trickle irrigation moisturizing.Breeding time carries out topdressing operation using the drip irrigation pipe being laid with.After autumn wheat harvest, by wheat
Straw crush 15cm, and bundling, closing heap, spray straw decomposing inoculant in wheat straw heap after crushing, quick composting are carried out to stalk, after decomposed
Farmland surface face is covered, is then turned over earth's surface wheat straw in the soil for also entering 25cm depth using Cultivator, then using rotation
The machine of ploughing carries out a rotary tillage on agricultural land soil surface.Finally soil is compacted using pack roller, this subjob is completed.
3rd year crop rotation maize planting.Wide-and narrow-row Striply deep loosening machine, subsoiling device tail portion lanyard are used before spring corn seeding
Device is suppressed, the Striply deep loosening of a wide-and narrow-row is carried out to agricultural land soil, subsoiling depth is about 35cm.It is broadcast using corn wide-and narrow-row
Kind machine carries out mechanical precision drilling and goes.It finally is laid with all-in-one machine using covering with ground sheeting and drip irrigation pipe, simultaneously film
With the laying of drip irrigation pipe.Breeding time carries out topdressing operation using the drip irrigation pipe being laid with.After autumn harvest corn, by corn stover
8cm is directly crushed, returning to the field is turned over and enters in the soil of 20cm depth, carries out rotary tillage on agricultural land soil upper layer after maize straw,
Bulk soil crushing in upper layer is broken up.
Comparative example
Before the sowing of spring current year, first crop crop residual stalk is collected together into heap using tractor-ploughing rake and transports farmland (or directly by stalk
Burn and be carbonized in field), it then carries out flood irrigation and increases moisture in the soil.When equal tractors can be into ground, is leveled land, broken up using conventional rotary cultivator
Bulk soil crushes stayed stubble etc. after first crop crop harvests, and is gone again using tractor, then carries out mechanical planting.Crop
Growth course such as dry weather, conditional plot carry out flood irrigation moisturizing, and can avoid or reduce drought influences.Plant growth
Fertilizer in journey imposes, and is carried out using tractor, first uniformly applies granular fertilizer in the ranks, is then mixed using tractor with soil,
Fertilizer needs to wait for rainfall or irrigates just be held into soil.After autumn harvest, remaining stalk etc. is temporarily stored in field, current year is made
Industry finishes, etc. the next springs sowing before be uniformly processed.
Using cultural method of the invention, after three-wheel arable farming, crop material is layered returning to the field, such as Fig. 2 in soil layer
It is shown, it can effectively break plough sole, reduce the soil weight by 0.18g/cm3Left and right, soil porosity increase by 5% or so, can
Increase soil granular 0.5% or so；Subsoiling makes rainwater and irrigation water are preferably lower to seep, the water storage 16m more than not subsoiling plot3/ mu
Left and right, 0~20cm soil average moisture content increase by 4.3% or so than conventional tillage；Subsoiling improves the utilization rate of irrigation water
16% or so；The water consumption of under-film drip irrigation is 12% or so of traditional irrigation mode；Covering with ground sheeting sun on daytime during Low Temperature in Spring
After light irradiation, the soil of 0~10cm depth improves 5 DEG C of temperature or so, the soil moisture 1.5 DEG C of left sides higher than open country under night mulch
It is right；In the case where more arid, the soil moisture ratio open country of 0~25cm soil layer is high by 35% or so under film；Quick-acting nitrogen contents are
88.25mg/kg increases by 35% or so compared with the soil of comparative example；Quick-acting potassium content is 118.06mg/kg, and it is left to increase by 14%
It is right；Available phosphorus contents are 40.16mg/kg, increase by 23% or so；Soil organic matter content is 12.478g/kg, increases by 0.14%
Left and right；Edaphon increases by 7% or so；The utilization rate of under-film drip irrigation condition fertilizer improves 10% or so.
Compared with comparative example, 44.8kg/ mus of corn yield increasing or so, rate of growth is 8% or so；Wheat increases production 58.5kg/ mus
Left and right, rate of growth 9% or so.
Embodiment 2
In West in Jilin Province semiarid region, drought occurs often, and topsoil is relatively thin, and soil fertility is lower.
1st year maize planting.Band depth is carried out to agricultural land soil using uniform row Striply deep loosening machine before spring corn seeding
Pine, subsoiling depth carry pack roller in 30cm, Striply deep loosening drive end unit, by Striply deep loosening and soil seam compacting operation combination and simultaneously
It completes.Using the uniform row seeder of corn, carries out mechanical precision drilling and make row operation.Finally use covering with ground sheeting and trickle irrigation hair
Pipe is laid with all-in-one machine, the simultaneously laying of film and drip irrigation pipe.Corn growth process such as arid climate, can be used directly
The drip irrigation pipe of laying carries out drought resisting moisturizing, reduces drought loss.The top dressing of corn jointing stage carries out water using the drip irrigation pipe being laid with
Fertilizer improves the utilization efficiency of liquid manure with mending.After autumn harvest corn, directly by stalk bundling, closing heap, stalk quick composting is sprayed
Agent carries out stalk compost.
Oat is planted in crop rotation in 2nd year.The Ching Ming Festival spring before the sowing of front and back oat, the band of primary uniformly row is carried out to farmland
Subsoiling, subsoiling position are that in the ranks, subsoiling depth is 35cm, and two Striply deep loosenings shovel distance 65cm.It, will be rotten after the completion of subsoiling suppression
Ripe good corn stover, to being uniformly laid in the ranks, is carried out after the completion of being laid with using oat of the oat seeder to crop rotation along row
Seeding operation.After sowing, drip irrigation pipe is shallowly placed into the soil using tractor, then starts to irrigate for the first time.Autumn oat
After harvest, oat straw is crushed into 20cm, bundling, closing heap after crushing spray straw decomposing inoculant on oat straw heap, carry out to stalk
15 days or so quick compostings, it is decomposed after by improving straw mulching to farmland surface, then using pivot plow by earth's surface oat straw and the 1st
The corn stover in year is ploughed deeply jointly into 35cm soil below.After ploughing deeply, one is carried out on plowed soils using rotary cultivator
Secondary rotary tillage process.
3rd year crop rotation maize planting.A subsoiling, subsoiling are carried out using wide-and narrow-row Striply deep loosening machine before spring corn seeding
Depth is 40cm, and subsoiling drive end unit lanyard suppression device, Striply deep loosening and soil seam compacting are completed at the same time.It is broadcast using corn wide-and narrow-row
Kind machine carries out the operations such as mechanical precision drilling and suppression.Finally using covering with ground sheeting and drip irrigation pipe laying all-in-one machine, while into
The laying of row mulch and drip irrigation pipe.After autumn harvest corn, corn stover is directly crushed into 8cm, is uniformly layered on farmland surface.
It turns in the soil for also entering 25cm.It is primary in the rotary tillage of farmland upper layer after maize straw.
With the application of the invention, crop material is layered returning to the field in soil layer, as shown in figure 3, can be effective after three-wheel arable farming
Break plough sole, make the soil weight reduce 0.29g/cm3Left and right, soil porosity increase by 8% or so, can increase soil granular
1.2% or so；Subsoiling makes rainwater and irrigation water are preferably lower to seep, the water storage 19m more than not subsoiling plot3/ mu or so, 0~20cm
Soil average moisture content increases by 5.5% or so than conventional tillage；Subsoiling makes the utilization rate of irrigation water improve 23% or so；It is dripped under film
The water consumption of filling is 16% or so of traditional irrigation mode；During Low Temperature in Spring after the irradiation of covering with ground sheeting sunlight on daytime, 0~10cm
Deep soil improves 6 DEG C of temperature or so, 1.5 DEG C higher than open country of the soil moisture or so under night mulch；In the case where more arid,
The soil moisture ratio open country of 0~25cm soil layer is high by 35% or so under film；Quick-acting nitrogen contents are 90.86mg/kg, with comparative example
Soil is compared, and increases by 39% or so；Quick-acting potassium content is 122.20mg/kg, increases by 18% or so；Available phosphorus contents are
41.47mg/kg increases by 27% or so；Soil organic matter content is 12.480g/kg, increases by 0.16% or so；Edaphon
Increase by 11% or so；The utilization rate of under-film drip irrigation condition fertilizer improves 19% or so.
Compared with comparative example, 68kg/ mus of corn yield increasing or so, rate of growth is 11% or so；Oat increases production a 67.2kg/ mus of left sides
The right side, rate of growth 11% or so.
Embodiment 3
In West in Jilin Province semiarid region, drought occurs often, and topsoil is relatively thin, and soil fertility is lower.
1st year maize planting.Item is carried out to agricultural land soil using wide-and narrow-row compound Striply deep loosening machine before spring corn seeding
Band subsoiling, subsoiling depth are respectively 35cm and 25cm, and distance is 130cm between long shovel and short shovel, and compound subsoiling drive end unit carries town
Compound subsoiling and soil seam compacting operation are combined and are completed at the same time by pressure device.Using corn wide-and narrow-row seeder, mechanical essence is carried out
Row operation is sowed and made to amount.Then it is laid with all-in-one machine using covering with ground sheeting and drip irrigation pipe, simultaneously film and drip irrigation pipe
Laying.Breeding time carries out topdressing operation using the drip irrigation pipe being laid with.After autumn harvest corn, directly by stalk bundling, closing heap,
It sprays straw decomposing inoculant and carries out the quick compost of stalk.
Soybean is planted in crop rotation in 2nd year.By decomposed good corn stover uniform fold to agricultural land soil before spring soybean planting
Farmland is ploughed deeply using large-scale one-way plough in surface, and corn stover is turned over and is buried at the 35cm soil of farmland.After the completion of ploughing deeply,
A rotary tillage is carried out on agricultural land soil surface using rotary cultivator, large clod is generated when rotary tillage will plough deeply and is broken up, keeps farmland ground flat
It is whole, soil is soft.Pack roller is carried using the Striply deep loosening drive end unit of uniform row, the Striply deep loosening of uniform row is carried out to farmland,
Subsoiling depth is 30cm, and two Striply deep loosenings shovel spacing 65cm.After the completion of subsoiling suppression, make the mechanical carry out machine of row using uniform row
Tool is gone, and then carries out mechanical precision drilling using soybean seeder.After autumn soybean harvest, soybean stalk is directly crushed
The soybean stalk of crushing is uniformly layered on farmland surface by 10cm, and the soybean stalk of crushing is turned over embedment 30cm's using Cultivator
Soil is finally broken up farmland bulk soil using rotary cultivator, and current year site preparation is completed.
Wheat is planted in crop rotation in 3rd year.The Ching Ming Festival spring before the sowing of front and back wheat, to the farmland for having carried out stalk returning
The interval subsoiling of a band is carried out, subsoiling depth shovels spacing 130cm in 35cm, two Striply deep loosenings.In agriculture after the completion of subsoiling
Field surface carries out rotary tillage, is compacted using pack roller to agricultural land soil after rotary tillage, then using wheat seeder to crop rotation
Wheat sowed.Wheat sowing is completed, and carries out shallow embedding laying to drip irrigation pipe using tractor.After autumn wheat harvest,
Wheat straw is uniformly taken in the ranks, waits next year spring to arrive, turn over wheat straw full dose into 20cm's before lower stubble corn seeding
Soil.
Using method of the invention, after three-wheel arable farming, crop material is layered returning to the field in soil layer, as shown in figure 4,
Plough sole can effectively be broken, reduce the soil weight by 0.33g/cm3Left and right, soil porosity increase by 10% or so, can increase
Soil granular 1.5% or so；Subsoiling makes rainwater and irrigation water are preferably lower to seep, the water storage 22m more than not subsoiling plot3/ mu or so,
0~20cm soil average moisture content increases by 7.2% or so than conventional tillage；It is left that subsoiling makes the utilization rate of irrigation water improve 30%
It is right；The water consumption of under-film drip irrigation is 21% or so of traditional irrigation mode；Covering with ground sheeting sunlight on daytime irradiates during Low Temperature in Spring
Afterwards, the soil of 0~10cm depth improves 8 DEG C of temperature or so, 2 DEG C higher than open country of the soil moisture or so under night mulch；It is more arid
In the case where, the soil moisture ratio open country of 0~25cm depth is high by 55% or so under film；Quick-acting nitrogen contents are 98.06mg/kg, with
The soil of comparative example is compared, and increases by 50% or so；Quick-acting potassium content is 128.42mg/kg, increases by 24% or so；Available phosphorus contents
For 43.43mg/kg, increase by 33% or so；Soil organic matter content is 12.488g/kg, increases by 0.22% or so；The micro- life of soil
Object increases by 18.7% or so；The utilization rate of under-film drip irrigation condition fertilizer improves 28% or so.
Compared with comparative example, corn can increase production 82kg/ mus or so, and rate of growth is 21% or so；Soybean can increase production 26kg/ mus
Left and right, rate of growth 18% or so；Wheat can increase production 76kg/ mus or so, rate of growth 16% or so.
Embodiment 4
In West in Jilin Province semiarid region, drought occurs often, and topsoil is relatively thin, and soil fertility is lower.
1st year maize planting.Width is carried out to agricultural land soil using wide-and narrow-row all-dimensional subsoiler before spring corn seeding
Capable omnibearing-deep ploughing, subsoiling depth are 40cm, and omnibearing-deep ploughing drive end unit carries suppression device, omnibearing-deep ploughing and soil are stitched
Compacting operation is combined and is completed at the same time.Using corn wide-and narrow-row seeder, carries out mechanical precision drilling and make row operation.Use ground
Film covering and drip irrigation pipe are laid with all-in-one machine, the simultaneously laying of film and drip irrigation pipe.After autumn harvest corn, by corn
Stalk directly crushes 8cm, ploughs deeply returning to the field using one-way plough and enters in the soil of 40cm.After corn stover ploughs deeply returning to the field, rotary tillage is used
Machine carries out the upper layer rotary tillage of a farmland, and bulk soil crushing in upper layer is broken up.
Wheat is planted in crop rotation in 2nd year.The Ching Ming Festival spring before the sowing of front and back wheat, returning to the field is ploughed deeply to corn stover has been carried out
Farmland carries out an omnibearing-deep ploughing, and for subsoiling depth in 45cm, two deep soil loosing shovel distances are 65cm.After subsoiling in farmland
Surface carries out rotary tillage, is then suppressed using pack roller.It is carried out after the completion of suppression using wheat of the wheat seeder to crop rotation
Seeding operation.Wheat after planting, using tractor to drip irrigation pipe carry out shallow embedding laying, breeding time using be laid with drip irrigation pipe into
Row topdressing operation.After autumn wheat harvest, wheat straw is crushed into 20cm, it is rotten to spray stalk in wheat straw heap for bundling, closing heap after crushing
Ripe dose, quick composting carried out to stalk, it is decomposed after by improving straw mulching to farmland surface face, then use Cultivator by earth's surface wheat straw
It turns over and also enters 25cm soil.
3rd year crop rotation maize planting.It is primary in the rotary tillage of agricultural land soil surface using rotary cultivator before spring corn seeding, rotary tillage
Drive end unit lanyard pack roller is tentatively suppressed.A subsoiling is carried out using wide-and narrow-row all-dimensional subsoiler, subsoiling depth is
45cm, subsoiling drive end unit are linked with pack roller, carry out omnibearing-deep ploughing and soil seam compacting to agricultural land soil.It is broadcast using corn wide-and narrow-row
Kind machine carries out the operations such as mechanical precision drilling and suppression.It finally is laid with all-in-one machine using covering with ground sheeting and drip irrigation pipe, while complete
At the laying of mulch and drip irrigation pipe.After autumn harvest corn, corn stover is directly crushed into 8cm, is uniformly layered on farmland surface
Face carries out direct ground mulching and returning.
Using the method for the present invention, after three-wheel arable farming, crop material is layered returning to the field in soil layer, as shown in figure 5, energy
Effectively break plough sole, reduces the soil weight by 0.1g/cm3Left and right, soil porosity increase by 4% or so, can increase soil
Granule 0.5% or so；Subsoiling makes rainwater and irrigation water are preferably lower to seep, the water storage 11m more than not subsoiling plot3/ mu or so, 0~
20cm soil average moisture content increases by 2.3% or so than conventional tillage；Subsoiling makes the utilization rate of irrigation water improve 8% or so；Film
The water consumption of lower trickle irrigation is 10% or so of traditional irrigation mode；During Low Temperature in Spring after the irradiation of covering with ground sheeting sunlight on daytime, 0~
The soil of 10cm depth improves 4 DEG C of temperature or so, 1 DEG C higher than open country of the soil moisture or so under night mulch；More arid situation
Under, the soil moisture ratio open country of 0~25cm depth is high by 30% or so under film；Quick-acting nitrogen contents are 84.98mg/kg, with comparative example
Soil compare, increase by 30% or so；Quick-acting potassium content is 113.92mg/kg, increases by 10% or so；Available phosphorus contents are
39.51mg/kg increases by 21% or so；Soil organic matter content is 12.476g/kg, increases by 0.13% or so；Edaphon
Increase by 7% or so；The utilization rate of under-film drip irrigation condition fertilizer improves 10% or so.
Compared with comparative example, corn can increase production 45kg/ mus or so, and rate of growth is 5% or so；Soybean can increase production 18kg/ mus
Left and right, rate of growth 4% or so；Wheat can increase production 42kg/ mus or so, rate of growth 5% or so.
In conclusion reducing the soil weight by 0.05~0.36g/cm using cultural method of the invention3, soil aperture
Degree increases by 3~10%, can increase soil granular 0.5~1.5%；
Subsoiling can make rainwater and irrigation water are preferably lower to seep, generally can more 11~22m of water storage than not subsoiling plot3/ mu, 0
~20cm soil average moisture content generally increases by 2.3%~7.2% than conventional tillage condition；Subsoiling can make the utilization rate of irrigation water
Improve 8~30%；The water consumption of under-film drip irrigation is the 10~21% of traditional irrigation mode；
During Low Temperature in Spring after the irradiation of covering with ground sheeting sunlight on daytime, temperature 1~8 is generally can be improved in the soil of 0~10cm depth
DEG C, the soil moisture under night mulch is 1~2 DEG C higher than open country；In the case where more arid, the soil moisture content one of 0~25cm depth
As it is higher than open country by 30~55%, with the intensification of soil layer, moisture difference is gradually reduced；
Available nitrogen in soil can be made to increase by 30~50%, potassium increases by 10~24%, and phosphorus increases by 21~33%, soil can be made to have
Machine matter content increases by 0.13~0.22%；Soil microbe quantity 7~18.7% can be increased；It can make fertilizer under the conditions of under-film drip irrigation
Utilization rate improve 10~28%.
This technology method is (different because of soil fertility, region etc.) to adapt to various soil properties, becomes apparent to middle-and-low-yielding fields operation effectiveness.
Compared with comparative example, corn can increase production 45~82kg/ mus, and rate of growth is 5~21%；Soybean can increase production 18~26kg/ mus, volume increase
Rate 4%~18%；Wheat increases production 42~76kg/ mus or so, rate of growth 5%~16%.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of arable farming method for improveing soil, comprising the following steps:
(1) it is suppressed after Subsoiling, sows the first crop, be laid with drip irrigation zone, after the first crop harvest, crush the first crop
Stalk is ploughed deeply into soil or is covered in earth's surface, and rotary tillage is primary；First crop includes gramineous crop or legume；
(2) second year is suppressed after Subsoiling, and the second crop is sowed, and is laid with drip irrigation zone, after the second crop harvest, crushes the
The stalk of two crops is ploughed deeply into soil, and rotary tillage is primary；Second crop includes gramineous crop or legume；
(3) it suppresses after Subsoiling in third year, sows third crop, be laid with drip irrigation zone, after third crop harvest, crush the
The stalk of three crops is turned over into soil, and rotary tillage is primary；The third crop includes gramineous crop or legume；
Second crop is different from the first crop and third crop respectively.
2. arable farming method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the depth of step (1) to step (3) subsoiling
Degree independently is 25~45cm.
3. arable farming method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the grain of step (1) to step (3) crushing
Diameter independently is 5~25cm.
4. arable farming method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step (1) to the depth ploughed deeply described in step (2)
Degree independently is 31~45cm.
5. arable farming method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step (3) depth turned over is 20~
30cm。
6. arable farming method according to claim 5, which is characterized in that when the gramineous crop is corn, paving
If when drip irrigation zone further including laying plastic process.
7. arable farming method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step (1) to step (3) subsoiling uses
Deep soil loosing shovel be preposition cutting blade deep soil loosing shovel.
8. arable farming method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step (1) to the side of step (3) sowing
Formula includes wide-and narrow-row and uniform ridge planting.
9. arable farming method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step (1) to step (3) suppression, depth
Pine, sowing, be laid with drip irrigation zone, crush, plough deeply, turn over rotary tillage be mechanically actuated.
10. arable farming method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the arable farming method is applied to crop
1 year one season producing region.
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