CN106900313A - A kind of maize straw is in the method under the platform of ridge - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of maize straw in the method under the platform of ridge.The method includes：1) by corn straw smashing；2) subsoiling ditching operation is carried out in farmland, forms subsoiling ditch；3) maize straw of crushing is inserted in subsoiling ditch；4) to soil is held together in subsoiling ditch, ridge platform is formed above subsoiling ditch after landfill maize straw.Further, the maize straw of crushing is inserted when in subsoiling ditch, straw decomposition agent can be applied and apply appropriate nitrogenous fertilizer, straw decomposition agent, nitrogenous fertilizer are well mixed with stalk and soil.The thick soil stratum of stalk can be blended after the method ridging in ridge platform overlying drowning, crop emergence rate has been ensured；It is small domatic that farmland surface can form waveform, increased soil surface area, and solar radiation heating effect is obvious；And soil heat preservation soil moisture conservation effect is significant under the platform of ridge.The present invention can promote the quick decomposition of maize straw, shorten its cycle for being converted into the soil organism, can quickly improve farmland soil fertility level, ensure crop yield.

Description

A method of returning corn stalks to the field under the ridge

technical field

The invention relates to the field of farmland cultivation and crop cultivation, in particular to a method for returning corn stalks to the field under a ridge.

Background technique

In the process of corn planting and production, a large amount of straw will be produced. The traditional way of straw disposal is to feed livestock or burning, incineration, the latter will bring serious environmental pollution. Due to the rapid development of my country's economy in recent years, the changes in planting and breeding structures, and the improvement of agricultural mechanization, great changes have taken place in straw treatment methods, and the general trend is to change to the direction of environmentally friendly comprehensive utilization of straw. As one of the main utilization methods, straw returning to the field can not only improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, increase the content of soil organic matter, but also save resources and energy, and reduce environmental pollution. It has received more and more attention worldwide.

After the corn is harvested, the traditional method of returning the straw to the field is to crush the straw first, and then mix or turn the straw into the plow layer soil with agricultural machinery such as a rotary tiller or a plow. With traditional farming methods, the thickness of the soil plow layer in most farmlands in my country is only 10-15cm. As a large biomass crop, corn produces a large amount of stalks per season; crushing corn stalks and returning them to the plow layer soil will greatly reduce the surface soil bulk density, increase soil air permeability, and keep water and fertilizer in the plow layer soil. Severe decline in sex, resulting in lower crop emergence and reduced yield. In ridge farming, after the straw is returned to the field, the plow layer soil mixed with straw will be ridged. Ridging itself will form countless wavy small "slopes" on the surface of the farmland, increasing the soil surface area. Therefore, in dry or windy weather, returning straw to the field and raising ridges is even more detrimental to soil moisture conservation. For example, in Northeast China, spring is the sowing season for main crops, and it is dry and windy. After the straw is returned to the field and the ridges are formed, the water evapotranspiration rate of the surface soil increases significantly compared with that of the soil without straw returning, and the impact on seed germination, emergence rate and economic output is more serious. .

After the straw is returned to the field, it will gradually decompose, releasing part of the nutrients for crops to absorb and use, and the other part will gradually transform into soil organic matter, improving the fertility of the farmland. However, in some cool regions and low temperature zones, such as Northeast my country and other places, the low accumulated temperature seriously affects the decomposition rate of the straw returned to the field, resulting in a negative impact on the emergence rate and yield of the crop after returning the corn straw for a season. Seasonal crops last. Therefore, although straw returning to the field is beneficial to agricultural production and resource utilization in the long run, it is still difficult to be accepted by farmers due to the lack of suitable returning techniques and methods. Therefore, in view of the above-mentioned problems in production, it is particularly important to develop a new method or technology for straw returning to the field.

Contents of the invention

In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and solve the existing problems of returning corn stalks to the field, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for returning corn stalks to the field under the ridge, which can promote the decomposition of straws and increase the emergence rate of crops.

The technical scheme that the present invention adopts is as follows:

A method for returning corn stalks to the field under a ridge, the steps comprising:

1) crushing corn stalks;

2) Carry out deep loosening and ditching operations in the farmland to form deep loosening ditches;

3) Fill the crushed corn stalks into the deep loose ditch;

4) Collect the soil in the deep loosening ditch, and form a ridge above the deep loosening ditch after filling the corn stalks.

Further, step 1) crush the corn stalks to a length less than 15cm.

Further, in step 2), deep loosening furrows are carried out in the farmland at equal intervals, with a depth of 25-35 cm, a width of 30-45 cm, and a distance between adjacent furrows of 60-75 cm.

Further, in step 3) when filling the crushed corn stalks into the deep loosening ditch, the corn stalks and the soil backfilled in the ditch should be mixed evenly as much as possible.

Further, step 3) when filling the crushed corn stalks into the subsoiling ditch, apply a straw decomposing agent, and mix the straw decomposing agent with the straw and soil evenly; the addition amount of the straw decomposing agent is 30-45kg / ha.

Further, step 3) when filling the crushed corn stalks into the deep pine ditch, apply an appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the deep pine ditch, and mix the nitrogen fertilizer with the straw and soil evenly; the addition amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 30-60kg N/ ha.

Further, in step 4) the method of collecting soil in the deep pine ditch is: 1) backfill the soil dug out from the deep pine ditch into the ditch and mix it evenly with straw and fertilizer; The soil in the plow layer in between is loose, with the deep loosening ditch as the center, the soil is collected from both sides to the center of the ditch, and the ridge platform is formed above the deep loosening ditch after the straw is filled.

Further, in the ridge platform formed in step 4), the distance between the ridge platform is 60-75cm, the vertical distance from the ridge platform to the furrow is 15-20cm, the furrow is 5-15cm lower than the original soil surface, and the top surface of the ridge platform is apart from the uppermost layer under the platform. The distance between the straws is 6-8cm, and the distance between the slope surface on both sides of the ridge platform and the top layer of straw under the platform is 3-5cm

Further, sowing is carried out on the ridge platform; when the deep loosening ditch for straw returning to the field is opened in the second year, the ditching position coincides with that of the first year, or is staggered with the first year, and is located at the original furrow position.

Further, the above-mentioned method works in autumn, so as to be easy to preserve moisture and increase the rate of emergence.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

By adopting the method of the invention, the wavy small "slope" formed after the farmland is ridged increases the surface area of the soil, and the temperature of the returned straw and the soil can be greatly increased by the solar radiation. The ridge platform also raises part of the soil surface, and the soil moisture conservation effect under the ridge platform is remarkable. After the corn stalks involved in the present invention are returned to the field under the ridge platform, the increase of soil temperature and the maintenance of moisture can both promote the decomposition of the stalks. Combined with auxiliary measures such as the application of nitrogen fertilizers and straw decomposing agents, the corn stalks are quickly decomposed and released nutrients for crop absorption and utilization, shortening the cycle of its transformation into soil organic matter, and rapidly improving the soil fertility of the farmland. At the same time, the top of the straw returned to the field is covered with a 6-8cm topsoil layer from the surface of the ridge, and its thickness is much greater than the sowing depth of ordinary crops. emergence rate and increase yield.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the steps of the method for returning corn stalks to the field under the ridge.

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a deep loosening ditch.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of burying straw in the deep loose ditch and forming a ridge above the ditch.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of another profile of straw concrete and ridges.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described below through specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

Example 1

This embodiment is a method of returning corn stalks to the field under the ridge platform. The process flow of this method is shown in Figure 1, including the following specific steps:

Step 1: Straw crushing. After the corn is harvested, it is taken away from the farmland together with the straw. Use a straw grinder and other tools to crush the straw, and the length of the crushed straw should be less than 15cm.

Step 2: Deep Loosening Ditch. Carry out deep loosening and ditching operations at equal intervals in the farmland, and the excavated soil is placed on both sides of the ditch, as shown in Figure 2, of which 1 is a deep loosening ditch with a depth of 25-35cm and a width of 30-45cm. 60-75cm; tools such as subsoiling shovel can be used for operation.

Step 3: Fill the straw into the deep loose ditch. Fill the crushed corn stalks into the deep loose ditch.

Step 4: Applying a microbial agent that promotes straw decomposition. Sprinkle 30-45kg/ha of straw decomposing agent evenly to the straw in the ditch, and mix it evenly with the straw to promote the decomposition of the straw.

Step 5: Apply nitrogen fertilizer. While the straw is being buried in the ditch, apply 30-60kg N/ha nitrogen fertilizer (urea, ammonium sulfate, NPK fertilizer, Hefei, etc.) And provide N source for soil microorganisms, and promote microorganisms to decompose straw.

Step 6: Mix straw, straw decomposing agent, nitrogen fertilizer and soil evenly. Backfill the soil excavated in the second step of ditching into the deep loosening ditch, and mix well with the materials added to the ditch, such as straw, straw decomposing agent, and nitrogen fertilizer.

Step 7: Loosen the plow layer soil. Loosen the soil between the adjacent deep loosening ditch by 10-15cm (depth), and the rotary tillage method can be adopted.

Step 8: Ridging and suppression. Take the deep loose ditch as the center, gather soil from 30-37.5cm on both sides to the center of the ditch, and form a ridge after filling the straw; use a compactor to suppress the farmland to ensure that the upper soil moisture does not evaporate too quickly.

As shown in Figure 3, 2 is a ridge platform, 3 is a furrow, and 4 is straw mixed soil (a mixture of straw, nitrogen fertilizer, and straw decomposing agent). The ridge platform is above the deep pine ditch, and the distance d1 between the ridge platforms is about 60-75cm. The vertical distance d2 from the ridge platform to the furrow is about 15-20cm, and the furrow is 5-15cm lower than the original soil surface. Corn stalks are mainly returned to the field under the ridge. The top position of returning straw is about 6-8cm away from the surface d3 of the ridge platform, and the general sowing depth is about 3-4cm, which does not affect the emergence rate of crops. The distance d4 between the slope surface on both sides of the ridge platform and the straw concrete is about 3-5cm.

Besides the form shown in Figure 3, the outline of the straw concrete can also be in other shapes, such as a square shape as shown in Figure 4.

Step 9: Sowing is carried out on the ridge table.

In step 2, when the subsoiling of straw returning to the field is carried out in the second year, the position of the subsoiling ditch can coincide with that of the first year, or can be staggered by 30-37.5cm; There are ridges that become ridges.

According to the method of returning straw to the field, it is easier to preserve moisture and increase the emergence rate in autumn operation than in spring operation.

The method of returning straw to the field can be realized by developing a combined operation machine, so as to save labor cost and increase operation efficiency.

In the method for returning straw to the field, step 3, step 4 and step 5 can be performed simultaneously.

Example 2

This embodiment is a method for returning corn stalks to the field under the ridge platform, including the following steps:

(1) After the corn is mature, it is harvested by a combine harvester. When harvesting, the corn stalks can be chopped into small pieces of <13cm by the harvester, and distributed in strips on the soil surface.

(2) After the corn is harvested, the corn stubble cutter is used to remove the stubble of the corn.

(3) Sprinkle 30kg/ha of microbial agent to promote straw decomposition and 100kg/ha of urea (combined with pure nitrogen 46kg/ha) to corn stalks.

(4) Use a subsoiling shovel to deeply loosen the furrows on the farmland. The depth of the ditch is 35-40 cm, the width of the ditch is 30-40 cm, and the distance between adjacent ditches is 60-75 cm. While ditching, put the straw mixed with microbial agent and nitrogen fertilizer into the deep loosening ditch, then backfill the ditch with soil, and mix well with it.

(5) Use rotary tillage for the non-returning part of the soil, with a depth of 10-15cm.

(6) Ridging. Ridging machinery is used to carry out the ridge operation with the straw returning belt as the center. The dimension specifications of ridging are with reference to embodiment 1.

(7) Use a compactor to suppress the farmland to ensure that the upper soil moisture is not evaporated too quickly.

(8) In the spring of the second year, apply the basal fertilizer on the ridge platform by means of hole application, and sow. The planting density is 70000 plants/ha.

(9) After sowing and before emergence, when the soil moisture is suitable, the herbicide is mixed with water and then closed for weeding.

A field test conducted in Hailun City, Heilongjiang Province in 2016 showed that compared with the common method of returning straw to the field, the corn seedling emergence rate increased from 73% to 87%, and the seedling emergence rate increased by 14%; the yield increased from 10.5t /ha increased to 11.8t/ha, yield increased by 12%.

The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit it. Those of ordinary skill in the art can modify or equivalently replace the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The scope of protection should be determined by the claims.

Claims (10)

1. in the method under the platform of ridge, its step includes a kind of maize straw：

1) by corn straw smashing；

2) subsoiling ditching operation is carried out in farmland, forms subsoiling ditch；

3) maize straw of crushing is inserted in subsoiling ditch；

4) to soil is held together in subsoiling ditch, ridge platform is formed above subsoiling ditch after landfill maize straw.

2. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that step 2) carry out equidistant subsoiling ditching operation, ditch in farmland Deep 25-35cm, ditch width 30-45cm, adjacent ditch spacing 60-75cm.

3. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that step 1) corn stalk powder is broken to length less than 15cm, step It is rapid 3) to insert when in subsoiling ditch the maize straw of crushing, maize straw is tried one's best with the soil being backfilling into ditch and is well mixed.

4. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that step 3) maize straw of crushing is inserted when in subsoiling ditch, Using straw decomposition agent, and straw decomposition agent is well mixed with stalk and soil；The addition of the straw decomposing inoculant is 30- 45kg/ha。

5. method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that step 3) maize straw of crushing is inserted when in subsoiling ditch, Apply appropriate nitrogenous fertilizer in subsoiling ditch, and nitrogenous fertilizer is well mixed with stalk and soil；The addition of the nitrogenous fertilizer is 30-60kg N/ha。

6. method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that step 3) in inserting maize straw in subsoiling ditch, using straw Stalk decay agent, applying nitrogenous fertilizer are carried out, or asynchronously carried out simultaneously.

7. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that step 4) be to the method that subsoiling ditch hold together soil：1) will be from The soil that subsoiling ditch digs out is backfilling into ditch and is well mixed with stalk, fertilizer；2) topsoil that will be located between adjacent subsoiling ditch Loosing soil, centered on subsoiling ditch, soil is held together from two lateral ditch centers, and ridge platform is formed in the top of subsoiling ditch after landfill stalk.

8. method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that step 4) in the ridge platform that is formed, ridge platform spacing is 60-75cm, Ridge platform is 15-20cm to the vertical range of furrow, and furrow is less than native soil surface 5-15cm, and ridge platform top surface is most gone up under platform The distance of layer stalk is 6-8cm, and distance of the ridge platform sloped sides surface away from Tai Xia the superiors stalk is 3-5cm.

9. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that sowed on the platform of ridge；It was used for straw-returning when the 2nd year When subsoiling ditch is ditched, trench digging position overlapped with the 1st year, or staggered with the 1st year, positioned at former furrow position.

10. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that operation in the fall, to be easy to the emergence rate that preserves soil moisture and increase.