CN114208434A - Shallow-buried drip irrigation corn straw returning method - Google Patents
Shallow-buried drip irrigation corn straw returning method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114208434A CN114208434A CN202111613921.1A CN202111613921A CN114208434A CN 114208434 A CN114208434 A CN 114208434A CN 202111613921 A CN202111613921 A CN 202111613921A CN 114208434 A CN114208434 A CN 114208434A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- corn
- shallow
- drip irrigation
- field
- returning
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a shallow-buried drip irrigation corn straw returning method, relates to the technical field of corn straw returning, and solves the practical production problems of low comprehensive utilization rate of corn straws, common open-air burning phenomenon, unreasonable types of matched machines and tools and unreasonable traction power at present, and the technical scheme has the key points that: the method takes villages, towns and villages as a planning unit, takes 3 years as a planning period according to the characteristics of local light, temperature, water and heat resources, and selects different corn straw returning modes between the years. In each planning unit, 1/3 corn straws are buried and returned to the field every year, 1/3 corn straws are mixed and returned to the field, and 1/3 corn straws are covered and returned to the field by strips. The method of the invention adopts a plurality of returning modes to coexist, can effectively relieve the contradiction of short suitable ploughing period and nervous machine tool operation after harvest in autumn, and is beneficial to reducing disturbance damage to cultivated land, protecting cultivated land, saving cost and improving efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of returning corn straws, in particular to a shallow-buried drip irrigation method for returning the corn straws to the field.
Background
The inner Mongolia land has abundant resources and contributes greatly to the national food safety guarantee. However, after large-scale and high-intensity cultivation in the conventional cultivation mode, the organic matter content of the soil is reduced year by year, and simultaneously, a large amount of water and soil loss is caused, so that the quality of cultivated land resources is degraded. In addition, the corns in the inner Mongolia autonomous region are widely planted and continuously planted for a long time, the annual biomass of the corn straws is large and redundant, the crushing degree of the straws is low, the straw decomposition in returning to the field is slow, the seeding and seedling emergence are not facilitated after the straws are returned to the field, the diseases, pests and weeds are serious, the number of power machines for plowing and preparing the land, seeding and traction is large, but the problem of unreasonable regional configuration is also aggravated year by year.
The corn production takes 'water saving, weight reducing, drug reducing and synergy' as the core, how to keep stable soil organic carbon storage, improve the quality of soil organic matters and maintain higher crop yield level is not only an urgent requirement for solving the grain problem and protecting the ecological environment in the current agricultural production, but also an important scientific proposition. The water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation technology has the characteristics of obvious water saving and efficiency improvement, environmental friendliness and the like, and is considered as a model of efficient water-saving irrigation. In recent years, under-mulch drip irrigation is rapidly developed, but the problem of residual mulch pollution is more and more severe when the under-mulch drip irrigation technology increases the yield. The shallow-buried drip irrigation is an irrigation technology that a wide-narrow row planting mode is adopted on the premise of no film covering, a drip irrigation belt is buried at the position of 3-5 cm deep in the middle of a narrow row, and water with certain pressure is slowly and uniformly dripped into soil near the roots of plants in a water drop mode through the drip irrigation belt by utilizing a water pipeline, so that a water-fertilizer integration technology is realized, the agricultural cost input and the environmental pollution of residual films are reduced, and the shallow-buried drip irrigation has a great popularization value.
The straw returning and drop irrigation are combined to adjust the nutrient content in the soil, increase the organic matter of the soil, slow down the loss of the nitrogen in the soil, and the application amount and the application time of the moisture and the fertilizer can be accurately regulated according to the soil moisture content, so that the utilization efficiency of the moisture and the nitrogen is greatly improved, the waste of water and nitrogen resources can be reduced, and the crop yield and the utilization efficiency of the water and nitrogen are improved. In addition, straw returning and drip irrigation fertilization reduce the reduction rate of water in the soil, increase the water storage capacity of the soil, improve the corn yield and improve the water utilization efficiency by 13.0 percent. In addition, the traditional straw returning method has the problems that the straw decomposition is incomplete and the residue is prominent, the seeding quality and the seedling emergence are seriously influenced, and the combination of drip irrigation and the straw returning method can promote the straw decomposition, increase the organic matter content of soil and improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil.
Therefore, aiming at the technical bottlenecks of slow straw mulching and returning decomposition, poor seedling quality, low degree of modernization of matched agricultural equipment and straw fertilizing and matrix utilization processes under a corn continuous cropping system, the invention aims to break through the key technologies of straw strip mulching, mixing and stirring and turning-burying and returning to the field under the corn continuous cropping system, integrate stable-yield high-quality low-biomass corn varieties suitable for returning to the field, a straw mechanical smashing and total-returning cultivation technology, a water and fertilizer integrated sowing technology, a comprehensive nutrient management technology and an ecological high-efficiency prevention and control technology for pest and weed damage, and form a key technical system of shallow-burying and drip-irrigation corn continuous cropping straw returning to the field under shallow-burying and drip-irrigation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a shallow-buried drip irrigation corn straw returning method, which adopts a plurality of returning modes, can effectively relieve the contradiction of short suitable ploughing period and machine tool operation tension after harvest in autumn, is beneficial to reducing disturbance damage to the ploughed land, protects the ploughed land, saves cost and improves efficiency.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a shallow-buried drip irrigation corn straw returning method takes villages, towns and villages as a planning unit, and performs the steps of turning over and burying corn straws and returning the corn straws into the fields, mixing and returning the corn straws and covering strips and returning the corn straws into the fields according to the characteristics of local light, temperature, water and heat resources and taking 3 years as a planning period, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, in the first year, carrying out shallow-buried drip irrigation on the whole quantity of the corn straws to be buried and returned to the field, under the shallow-buried drip irrigation mode, equipping agricultural machinery suitable for the buried and returned field, and matching with traction power machinery, and realizing the fertilization of the corn straws through the deep-buried return of the straws to the field;
s2, in the second year, carrying out shallow-buried drip irrigation and returning the whole amount of the corn straws to the field in a rotary mixing manner, under the shallow-buried drip irrigation mode, equipping an agricultural machine suitable for the rotary mixing and returning to the field, and matching with a traction power machine, so that the fertilization of the corn straws is realized through the whole amount of the straws in a mixed mixing and returning to the field;
and S3, in the third year, shallow-buried drip irrigation is carried out, the whole corn straw strips are covered and returned to the field, agricultural equipment suitable for the strip covering and returning to the field is equipped in the shallow-buried drip irrigation mode, and a traction power machine is matched, so that the fertilization of the corn straws is realized through the whole corn straw strips.
Furthermore, in the planning unit, 1/3 corn stalks are buried and returned to the field every year, 1/3 corn stalks are mixed and returned to the field by a combined soil preparation machine or a subsoiler and a rotary cultivator, and 1/3 corn stalks are covered and returned to the field by strips.
Further, the agricultural implement suitable for turning and burying and returning to the field in the step S1 comprises a corn shallow-buried drip irrigation, sowing, fertilizing and tape laying all-in-one machine, a corn harvester, a straw returning machine, a hydraulic turnover plow and a hydraulic rake.
Further, the agricultural implements suitable for the rotary mixing and returning to the field in the step S2 comprise a corn shallow-buried drip irrigation, seeding, fertilizing and tape laying all-in-one machine, a corn harvester, a straw returning machine, a subsoiler, a rotary cultivator and a combined soil preparation machine.
Further, the agricultural machine suitable for covering and returning the ground surface to the field in the step S3, namely, the corn shallow-buried drip irrigation, sowing, fertilizing and tape laying all-in-one machine, the corn harvester, the straw returning machine, the tape rotary cultivator and the subsoiler.
Further, the selection of the herbicide in step S3 includes fluroxypyr, nicosulfuron, atrazine, or mesotrione.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. in the method, the problems of large biomass of the corn straws, low crushing degree of the straws, slow decomposition of the returned straws, unfavorable seeding and seedling emergence of the returned straws and serious pest and weed damage can be solved by performing shallow-buried drip irrigation on the corn straws and returning the corn straws to the field and full-rotary mixed returning the corn straws to the field;
2. in the method, the mode of mechanically crushing the whole corn straw to cover the ground surface and returning the ground surface to the field by taking stubble staggering/stubble breaking sowing and efficient herbicide application as the core can solve the problems of large corn straw amount, low utilization rate and environmental pollution caused by straw burning, and achieve the aims of fertilizing the soil, storing water and preserving soil moisture, saving cost and improving efficiency.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, it should be understood that the following detailed description is only illustrative of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a shallow-buried drip irrigation corn straw returning method, which takes villages, towns and villages as a planning unit, and performs the steps of turning over and returning the shallow-buried drip irrigation corn straws to the field, mixing and returning the shallow-buried drip irrigation corn straws to the field and covering and returning the shallow-buried drip irrigation corn straws to the field by strips according to the characteristics of local light, temperature, water and heat resources by taking 3 years as a planning period, as shown in figure 1, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, in the first year, carrying out shallow-buried drip irrigation on the whole quantity of the corn straws to be buried and returned to the field, under the shallow-buried drip irrigation mode, equipping agricultural machinery suitable for the buried and returned field, and matching with traction power machinery, and realizing the fertilization of the corn straws through the deep-buried return of the straws to the field;
s2, in the second year, carrying out shallow-buried drip irrigation and mixing the whole amount of the corn straws to return to the field, under the shallow-buried drip irrigation mode, equipping an agricultural machine suitable for rotary mixing and returning to the field, and matching with a traction power machine, and realizing the fertilization of the corn straws through the whole amount of the corn straws mixed and mixed to return to the field;
and S3, in the third year, shallow-buried drip irrigation is carried out, the whole corn straw strips are covered and returned to the field, agricultural equipment suitable for the strip covering and returning to the field is equipped in the shallow-buried drip irrigation mode, and a traction power machine is matched, so that the fertilization of the corn straws is realized through the whole corn straw strips.
Example (b):
in the first year: shallow-buried drip irrigation corn straw full-turning-buried returning technical mode
Aiming at the problems that the climate of inner Mongolia autonomous region is warm and dry, the surface water resource is insufficient, the biomass of the corn straws is large, the crushing degree of the straws is low, the decomposition of the returned straws is slow, the returned straws are not beneficial to seeding and seedling emergence, and the diseases, insect pests and weeds are serious, the like, under the shallow-buried drip irrigation mode, the corn harvester, the straw returning machine, the hydraulic turnover plow, the hydraulic rake and other related agricultural machines are optimized and improved, and the power machine is matched for traction, the corn straws are deeply turned to return to the field to realize the fertilizer application, the problems of large quantity, low utilization rate, environment pollution caused by straw burning and the like are solved, and the purposes of fertilizing the soil, storing the water, preserving the soil moisture, saving the cost and increasing the efficiency are achieved.
The operation key points are as follows:
(1) standard of straw returning to field
After the corn harvester harvests, performing secondary crushing and stubble cleaning by using a Glan straw returning machine, wherein the operation quality of corn straw crushing and returning is in accordance with the regulation of DB 32/T1171-2007 quality standard of corn straw crushing and returning, and the crushing length of the straws is not more than 10 cm.
(2) Device model selection
A corn harvester, a straw returning machine, a hydraulic turnover plow, a hydraulic rake, a subsoiler, a high-horsepower tractor, a pesticide spraying tank and the like; the matched traction power is generally more than 210 horsepower.
(3) Variety selection
According to the ecological cultivation conditions of the technical popularization area, high-yield, high-quality and high-adaptability excellent varieties approved and popularized by the state or inner Mongolia autonomous region are selected, meanwhile, the selected varieties can be 100-200 ℃ lower than the accumulated temperature required by the landowner for directly sowing the varieties, or the number of leaves is 1-2, and the seed quality meets the regulation of GB 4404.1 'food crop seed quality standard-cereal'.
(4) Tillage and soil preparation
Selecting a land block with a deep plough layer, a flat topography, a high fertility and a water and fertilizer retention function. The method is characterized in that no tillage and soil preparation operation is carried out before harvest and sowing in autumn, the seedling stage is deeply loosened for 1-2 times, the first time is deeply loosened by 20cm, and the second time is deeply loosened by 30-35 cm.
(5) Seeding
And (3) sowing time: in general, sowing in soil moisture is carried out in time within 30 days at 4 months and 5 days at 5 months, the ground temperature of 5-10 cm is stably passed through 8 ℃ during sowing, and freezing damage at-3 ℃ can be avoided after seedling emergence or seedling release; a sowing mode: no-tillage flat seeding; and (3) sowing depth: the sowing depth is 3cm, the depth is consistent, and the soil covering is uniform. Seeding rate: the seeding amount is determined according to the requirements of seed germination rate, planting density and the like, and the mechanical seeding amount is 2.7-3.3 kg/mu.
(6) Chemical weeding
And (3) herbicide selection: depending on the practical obstacles encountered in production, herbicides with specific functional characteristics are selected, such as: fluroxypyr, nicosulfuron, atrazine, mesotrione, and the like; spraying concentration and period: according to the content of the main components of the herbicide or the specification, the proper spraying concentration and spraying period are determined, closed weeding is generally carried out after sowing, and weeding is generally carried out before 5 leaves after seedling.
(7) Slow controlled fertilizer application
The soil testing formula fertilization is carried out according to factors such as soil nutrient condition, soil fertilizer supply capacity, climatic cultivation conditions, target yield and the like, a controlled-release blended fertilizer meeting the requirements of corn growth and development on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is selected, the controlled-release nitrogen proportion of a nitrogen fertilizer is not less than 30%, the N content of coated urea is not less than 45%, and the release period is 60 days. Fertilizing amount: N-P2O5-K2The controlled release blended fertilizer with O of 29-13-10 is 40 kilograms per mu; a fertilizing mode: the fertilizer and seed integrated machine is adopted for one-time application during combined seeding; fertilizing depth: the plough layer is about 15-20 cm.
(8) Reasonable close planting
Reasonably allocating row spacing of plants according to local climatic conditions, soil conditions, production conditions, variety characteristics and production purposes, and ensuring proper density, wherein the row spacing is uniform at 65 cm for seed cleaning, and the reasonable planting density of compact varieties is 4250 plants/mu; the planting density of the compact variety is 4500-4750 plants/mu with the width of 130 cm and the width of narrow row.
(9) Prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests
Preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests and head smut in the seedling stage through seed coating; insect sticking: in the middle and late ten days of 6 months, the larvae are prevented and treated before 3 years old, and 1000 times of solution spraying of 20-30 ml/mu of pyrethroid pesticide and 20-30 kg of water or 80 percent of dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate is used for preventing and treating; corn borer: before the corn borers lay eggs, the adult corn borers are trapped and killed by a high-pressure mercury lamp at the beginning of egg laying and 2.5-3.0 ten thousand trichogramma/mu released in the early prosperous period, and the trichogramma is released by 2 times; spraying BT wettable powder 200 g/mu and water 25 kg at the end of the corn heart leaves; red spider or aphid: the pyrethroid or abamectin medicaments are used for preventing and treating; large and small leaf spot: the 1000-time solution of 60 percent wettable zineb powder is used for preventing and treating.
Second-year shallow-buried drip irrigation corn straw full-amount mixing and returning technical mode
Aiming at the problems that the climate of an inner Mongolia autonomous region is warm and dry, the surface water resource is insufficient, the biomass of the corn straws is large, the crushing degree of the straws is low, the decomposition of the returned straws is slow, the returned straws are not beneficial to seeding and seedling emergence, and the diseases, insect pests and weeds are serious, and the like, under the shallow-buried drip irrigation mode, the corn harvester, the straw returning machine, the no-tillage seeder, the combined land preparation machine and other related agricultural machines are optimized and improved, and the power machine is matched to be pulled to return the field, the fertilizer application of the corn straws is realized through the full-amount mixing and stirring of the straws, the problems of large amount of the corn straws, low utilization rate, environment pollution caused by straw burning and the like are solved, and the purposes of fertilizing the soil fertility, water storage and soil moisture conservation, cost saving and efficiency improvement are achieved.
The operation key points are as follows:
(1) standard of straw returning to field
After the corn harvester harvests, performing secondary crushing and stubble cleaning by using a Glan straw returning machine, wherein the operation quality of corn straw crushing and returning is in accordance with the regulation of DB 32/T1171-2007 quality standard of corn straw crushing and returning, and the crushing length of the straws is not more than 10 cm.
(2) Device model selection
A corn harvester, a straw returning machine, a subsoiler, a rotary cultivator, a combined soil preparation machine, a hydraulic rake, a high-horsepower tractor, a pesticide spraying tank and the like; the matched traction power is generally more than 210 horsepower.
(3) Variety selection
According to the ecological cultivation conditions of the technical popularization area, high-yield, high-quality and high-adaptability excellent varieties approved and popularized by the state or inner Mongolia autonomous region are selected, meanwhile, the selected varieties can be 100-200 ℃ lower than the accumulated temperature required by the landowner for directly sowing the varieties, or the number of leaves is 1-2, and the seed quality meets the regulation of GB 4404.1 'food crop seed quality standard-cereal'.
(4) Tillage and soil preparation
Selecting a land block with a deep plough layer, a flat topography, a high fertility and a water and fertilizer retention function. The method is characterized in that no tillage and soil preparation operation is carried out before harvest and sowing in autumn, the seedling stage is deeply loosened for 1-2 times, the first time is deeply loosened by 20cm, and the second time is deeply loosened by 30-35 cm.
(5) Seeding
And (3) sowing time: in general, sowing in soil moisture is carried out in time within 30 days at 4 months and 5 days at 5 months, the ground temperature of 5-10 cm is stably passed through 8 ℃ during sowing, and freezing damage at-3 ℃ can be avoided after seedling emergence or seedling release; a sowing mode: no-tillage flat seeding; and (3) sowing depth: the sowing depth is 3cm, the depth is consistent, and the soil covering is uniform. Seeding rate: the seeding amount is determined according to the requirements of seed germination rate, planting density and the like, and the mechanical seeding amount is 2.7-3.3 kg/mu.
(6) Chemical weeding
And (3) herbicide selection: depending on the practical obstacles encountered in production, herbicides with specific functional characteristics are selected, such as: fluroxypyr, nicosulfuron, atrazine, mesotrione, and the like; spraying concentration and period: according to the content of the main components of the herbicide or the specification, the proper spraying concentration and spraying period are determined, closed weeding is generally carried out after sowing, and weeding is generally carried out before 5 leaves after seedling.
(7) Slow controlled fertilizer application
The soil testing formula fertilization is carried out according to factors such as soil nutrient condition, soil fertilizer supply capacity, climatic cultivation conditions, target yield and the like, a controlled-release blended fertilizer meeting the requirements of corn growth and development on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is selected, the controlled-release nitrogen proportion of a nitrogen fertilizer is not less than 30%, the N content of coated urea is not less than 45%, and the release period is 60 days. Fertilizing amount: N-P2O5-K2The controlled release blended fertilizer with O of 29-13-10 is 40 kilograms per mu; a fertilizing mode: the fertilizer and seed integrated machine is adopted for one-time application during combined seeding; fertilizing depth: the plough layer is about 15-20 cm.
(8) Reasonable close planting
Reasonably allocating row spacing of plants according to local climatic conditions, soil conditions, production conditions, variety characteristics and production purposes, and ensuring proper density, wherein the row spacing is uniform at 65 cm for seed cleaning, and the reasonable planting density of compact varieties is 4000 plants/mu; the planting density of the compact variety is 4250-4500 plants/mu with the width of 130 cm and narrow rows.
(9) Prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests
Preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests and head smut in the seedling stage through seed coating; insect sticking: in the middle and late ten days of 6 months, the larvae are prevented and treated before 3 years old, and 1000 times of solution spraying of 20-30 ml/mu of pyrethroid pesticide and 20-30 kg of water or 80 percent of dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate is used for preventing and treating; corn borer: before the corn borers lay eggs, the adult corn borers are trapped and killed by a high-pressure mercury lamp at the beginning of egg laying and 2.5-3.0 ten thousand trichogramma/mu released in the early prosperous period, and the trichogramma is released by 2 times; spraying BT wettable powder 200 g/mu and water 25 kg at the end of the corn heart leaves; red spider or aphid: the pyrethroid or abamectin medicaments are used for preventing and treating; large and small leaf spot: the 1000-time solution of 60 percent wettable zineb powder is used for preventing and treating.
In the third year: shallow-buried drip irrigation corn straw full-amount strip coverage returning technical mode
Aiming at the problems of warm drying in climate, insufficient surface water resources, large biomass of maize straws, low crushing degree of the straws, slow decomposition of returned straws, unfavorable sowing and seedling emergence of returned straws, serious occurrence of diseases, insect pests and weeds and the like in inner Mongolia autonomous regions, under the shallow-buried drip irrigation mode, a maize harvester, a straw returning machine, a strip rotary cultivator, a subsoiler and other related agricultural machines are optimized and improved, and a power machine is matched for traction, the research of herbicide selection, application mode and dosage is combined, the mechanized strip rotary tillage land preparation technology and the comprehensive pest and disease damage defense technology for improving the sowing quality and ensuring the planting density under the condition of integrated straw strip coverage are integrated, and a key technical mode of full mechanized crushing strip coverage and field returning of maize straws with strip rotary tillage and efficient herbicide application as cores is formed.
The operation key points are as follows:
(1) standard of straw returning to field
After the corn harvester harvests, performing secondary crushing and stubble cleaning by using a Glan straw returning machine, wherein the operation quality of corn straw crushing and returning is in accordance with the regulation of DB 32/T1171-2007 quality standard of corn straw crushing and returning, and the crushing length of the straws is not more than 10 cm.
(2) Device model selection
Corn harvester, straw returning machine, strip rotary cultivator, subsoiler, tractor, pesticide spraying tank, etc.; the matched traction power is generally more than 210 horsepower.
(3) Variety selection
According to the ecological cultivation conditions of the technical popularization area, high-yield, high-quality and high-adaptability excellent varieties approved and popularized by the state or inner Mongolia autonomous region are selected, meanwhile, the selected varieties can be 100-200 ℃ lower than the accumulated temperature required by the landowner for directly sowing the varieties, or the number of leaves is 1-2, and the seed quality meets the regulation of GB 4404.1 'food crop seed quality standard-cereal'.
(4) Tillage and soil preparation
Selecting a land block with a deep plough layer, a flat topography, a high fertility and a water and fertilizer retention function. The method is characterized in that no tillage and soil preparation operation is carried out before harvest and sowing in autumn, the seedling stage is deeply loosened for 1-2 times, the first time is deeply loosened by 20cm, and the second time is deeply loosened by 30-35 cm.
(5) Seeding
And (3) sowing time: in general, sowing in soil moisture is carried out in time within 30 days at 4 months and 5 days at 5 months, the ground temperature of 5-10 cm is stably passed through 8 ℃ during sowing, and freezing damage at-3 ℃ can be avoided after seedling emergence or seedling release; a sowing mode: no-tillage flat seeding; and (3) sowing depth: the sowing depth is 3cm, the depth is consistent, and the soil covering is uniform. Seeding rate: the seeding amount is determined according to the requirements of seed germination rate, planting density and the like, and the mechanical seeding amount is 2.7-3.3 kg/mu.
(6) Chemical weeding
And (3) herbicide selection: depending on the practical obstacles encountered in production, herbicides with specific functional characteristics are selected, such as: fluroxypyr, nicosulfuron, atrazine, mesotrione, and the like; spraying concentration and period: according to the content of the main components of the herbicide or the specification, the proper spraying concentration and spraying period are determined, closed weeding is generally carried out after sowing, and weeding is generally carried out before 5 leaves after seedling.
(7) Slow controlled fertilizer application
The soil testing formula fertilization is carried out according to factors such as soil nutrient condition, soil fertilizer supply capacity, climatic cultivation conditions, target yield and the like, a controlled-release blended fertilizer meeting the requirements of corn growth and development on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is selected, the controlled-release nitrogen proportion of a nitrogen fertilizer is not less than 30%, the N content of coated urea is not less than 45%, and the release period is 60 days. Fertilizing amount: N-P2O5-K2The controlled release blended fertilizer with O of 29-13-10 is 40 kilograms per mu; a fertilizing mode: the fertilizer and seed integrated machine is adopted for one-time application during combined seeding; fertilizing depth: the plough layer is about 15-20 cm.
(8) Reasonable close planting
Reasonably configuring row spacing of plants according to local climatic conditions, soil conditions, production conditions, variety characteristics and production purposes, and ensuring proper density, wherein the row spacing is uniform at 65 cm for seed cleaning, and the reasonable planting density of compact varieties is 3750-4000 plants/mu; the planting density of the compact variety is 4000-4500 plants/mu with the width of 130 cm and narrow rows.
(9) Prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests
Preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests and head smut in the seedling stage through seed coating; insect sticking: in the middle and late ten days of 6 months, the larvae are prevented and treated before 3 years old, and 1000 times of solution spraying of 20-30 ml/mu of pyrethroid pesticide and 20-30 kg of water or 80 percent of dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate is used for preventing and treating; corn borer: before the corn borers lay eggs, the adult corn borers are trapped and killed by a high-pressure mercury lamp at the beginning of egg laying and 2.5-3.0 ten thousand trichogramma/mu released in the early prosperous period, and the trichogramma is released by 2 times; spraying BT wettable powder 200 g/mu and water 25 kg at the end of the corn heart leaves; red spider or aphid: the pyrethroid or abamectin medicaments are used for preventing and treating; large and small leaf spot: the 1000-time solution of 60 percent wettable zineb powder is used for preventing and treating.
In the embodiment of the invention, aiming at the problems of slow straw covering, returning and decomposition, poor seedling quality, low modernization degree of matched agricultural equipment and the straw fertilizing and matrixing utilization processes in the intra-Mongolia autonomous region corn continuous cropping system, the key technologies of straw strip covering, mixing and turning, burying and returning are broken through in the corn continuous cropping system, stable-yield high-quality low-biomass corn varieties suitable for returning to the field, the straw mechanical smashing, full-returning and cultivating technology, the water-fertilizer integrated sowing technology, the nutrient comprehensive management technology and the ecological high-efficiency prevention and control technology of pest and weed damage are integrated, the key technology system of shallow-buried drip irrigation corn continuous cropping straw full-returning is formed, meanwhile, related equipment and machines are matched, and a county drip irrigation area is taken as a unit, and a technical operation mode of shallow-buried corn straw full-returning is established; the demonstration is carried out by depending on planting households or large cooperative society, so that the popularization and the duplication of the technical mode are conveniently ensured.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A shallow-buried drip irrigation corn straw returning method is characterized in that: the method is characterized in that a country, a town and a village are taken as a planning unit, 3 years are taken as a planning period according to the characteristics of local light, temperature, water and heat resources, and the method specifically comprises the following steps of:
s1, in the first year, carrying out shallow-buried drip irrigation on the whole quantity of the corn straws to be buried and returned to the field, under the shallow-buried drip irrigation mode, equipping agricultural machinery suitable for the buried and returned field, and matching with traction power machinery, and realizing the fertilization of the corn straws through the deep-buried return of the straws to the field;
s2, in the second year, carrying out shallow-buried drip irrigation and mixing the whole amount of the corn straws to return to the field, under the shallow-buried drip irrigation mode, equipping an agricultural machine suitable for rotary mixing and returning to the field, and matching with a traction power machine, and realizing the fertilization of the corn straws through the whole amount of the corn straws mixed and mixed to return to the field;
and S3, in the third year, shallow-buried drip irrigation is carried out, the whole corn straw strips are covered and returned to the field, agricultural equipment suitable for the strip covering and returning to the field is equipped in the shallow-buried drip irrigation mode, and a traction power machine is matched, so that the fertilization of the corn straws is realized through the whole corn straw strips.
2. The shallow-buried drip irrigation corn straw returning method as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the planning unit, 1/3 corn straws are buried and returned to the field every year, 1/3 corn straws are mixed and returned to the field by a combined soil preparation machine or a subsoiler and a rotary cultivator, and 1/3 corn straw strips are covered and returned to the field.
3. The shallow-buried drip irrigation corn straw returning cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the agricultural machine suitable for turning and burying and returning to the field in the step S1 comprises a corn shallow-buried drip irrigation, seeding, fertilizing and tape laying all-in-one machine, a corn harvester, a straw returning machine, a hydraulic turnover plow and a hydraulic rake.
4. The shallow-buried drip irrigation corn straw returning method as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the agricultural machine suitable for mixing and returning to the field in the step S2 comprises a corn shallow-buried drip irrigation, sowing, fertilizing and tape laying all-in-one machine, a corn harvester, a straw returning machine, a subsoiler, a rotary cultivator and a combined land preparation machine.
5. The shallow-buried drip irrigation corn straw returning method as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the agricultural machine suitable for strip coverage and returning to the field in the step S3 comprises a corn shallow-buried drip irrigation, sowing, fertilizing and tape laying all-in-one machine, a corn harvester, a straw returning machine, a strip rotary cultivator and a subsoiler.
6. The shallow-buried drip irrigation corn straw returning method as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the type selection of the herbicide in step S3 includes fluroxypyr, nicosulfuron, atrazine, or mesotrione.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111613921.1A CN114208434A (en) | 2021-12-27 | 2021-12-27 | Shallow-buried drip irrigation corn straw returning method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111613921.1A CN114208434A (en) | 2021-12-27 | 2021-12-27 | Shallow-buried drip irrigation corn straw returning method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114208434A true CN114208434A (en) | 2022-03-22 |
Family
ID=80706257
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111613921.1A Pending CN114208434A (en) | 2021-12-27 | 2021-12-27 | Shallow-buried drip irrigation corn straw returning method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN114208434A (en) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107295876A (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2017-10-27 | 吉林省农业科学院 | A kind of applicable semiarid region soil wheel ploughs corn planting method |
| CN107306634A (en) * | 2017-07-12 | 2017-11-03 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | A kind of beautiful two ripe high yields of wheat and the cultivated method of combination wheel for improving organic carbon content |
| CN108934256A (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2018-12-07 | 吉林省农业科学院 | A kind of arable farming method improveing soil |
| AU2020100519A4 (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2020-05-28 | Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center | Method for high rice yield by deep plowing and comprehensive soil nutrient management in south china |
| CN113396663A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-09-17 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Crop high-yield regulation and control method in microbial fertilizer and straw returning deep ploughing mode |
-
2021
- 2021-12-27 CN CN202111613921.1A patent/CN114208434A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107295876A (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2017-10-27 | 吉林省农业科学院 | A kind of applicable semiarid region soil wheel ploughs corn planting method |
| CN107306634A (en) * | 2017-07-12 | 2017-11-03 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | A kind of beautiful two ripe high yields of wheat and the cultivated method of combination wheel for improving organic carbon content |
| CN108934256A (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2018-12-07 | 吉林省农业科学院 | A kind of arable farming method improveing soil |
| AU2020100519A4 (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2020-05-28 | Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center | Method for high rice yield by deep plowing and comprehensive soil nutrient management in south china |
| CN113396663A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-09-17 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Crop high-yield regulation and control method in microbial fertilizer and straw returning deep ploughing mode |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 毕洪文;王红蕾;钱春荣;李金霞;姜宇博;葛选良;王美璇;来永才;: "黑龙江省玉米秸秆综合利用问题与对策研究" * |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN106358748A (en) | Dry land spring corn planting method based on straw turnover | |
| CN102326486A (en) | Planting technology of purple sweet potatoes | |
| CN110463537A (en) | A kind of wheat green high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method | |
| CN106342545A (en) | Grain and feed two-harvest per year corn culture method | |
| CN109717028A (en) | Crop rotation implantation methods between a kind of corn soybean returning total stalks into fields | |
| CN107047045A (en) | A kind of Huang-Huai-Hai southern areas wheat and corn anniversary increases production breeding method | |
| CN113575327A (en) | Simple and efficient cultivation method suitable for paddy-upland rotation in hilly areas | |
| CN108293729A (en) | A kind of nonirrigated farmland plastic-sheet-covered wheat green section fertilizer cultural method | |
| CN105027884A (en) | Light and simplified cultivation method for oilseed rapes in northern snow region | |
| CN110915343B (en) | Corn straw shallow-pressing covering-belt rotary tillage method for returning all straws to field | |
| CN112970535A (en) | Density-increasing nitrogen-reducing efficient planting method for spring corn mixed cropping leguminous green manure | |
| CN112056037A (en) | Cultivation method for returning all corn straws to field | |
| CN106069017B (en) | A kind of prevention and control underground pest and disease damage improves the green alternating method that peanut yield is constituted | |
| CN110663472A (en) | Close planting high-yield and high-efficiency corn planting method | |
| AU2021101021A4 (en) | A Saccharum officinarum - Arachis hypogaea Linn Intercropping Mode | |
| CN112602547B (en) | Corn no-tillage stubble-remaining water-supplementing sowing method | |
| CN110226477A (en) | Potato millet three crops per annual water-saving efficient implantation methods | |
| CN113728888A (en) | Grain and grass composite planting method for alfalfa intercropping wheat and corn | |
| CN111631094B (en) | Efficient planting method for two-year-three-cropping in dry land | |
| CN108967081A (en) | Forage Sorghum and silage corn mixed planting method and application | |
| CN108293565A (en) | The method for improving Xinjiang fruit tree field land utilization ratio and benefit | |
| CN105325160A (en) | Simplified cultivation method of oilseed rapes in northern snow region | |
| CN112400631A (en) | Method for cultivating two kinds of three-harvest multipurpose utilized double-low cabbage type rape | |
| CN111386984B (en) | Synergistic efficient planting method for cotton, melon and vegetable in saline-alkali land | |
| CN112772315A (en) | Whole-course mechanized high-yield synergistic planting method for summer corn in Huang-Huai-Hai tide soil area |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |