CN106376270A - Sustainably improved planting structure of saline and alkaline land - Google Patents
Sustainably improved planting structure of saline and alkaline land Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106376270A CN106376270A CN201610794946.9A CN201610794946A CN106376270A CN 106376270 A CN106376270 A CN 106376270A CN 201610794946 A CN201610794946 A CN 201610794946A CN 106376270 A CN106376270 A CN 106376270A
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- Prior art keywords
- layer
- salt
- ion exchange
- planting
- farming
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B77/00—Machines for lifting and treating soil
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a sustainably improved planting structure of a saline and alkaline land and belongs to the technical field of garden engineering. The sustainably improved planting structure comprises: planting pits and an inspection well, wherein each planting pit is internally provided with a salt separation layer, a salt discharging layer, an ion exchange layer and a planting layer in sequence from bottom to top; in the inspection well, inspection and exchanging holes are formed in positions of the ion exchange layers of the planting pits, and the inspection and exchanging holes are communicated with the ion exchange layers; each ion exchange layer comprises: a first water leakage layer, a second water leakage layer and a supporting plate arranged between the first water leakage layer and the second water leakage layer; the supporting layers are arranged from the inspection and exchanging holes to the periphery of the planting pits in a diverging manner, so that a plurality of chambers are formed among the first water leakage layers, the second water leakage layers and the supporting plates; the chambers are internally filled with ion exchange media; and planting matrixes fill the planting layers and the planting matrixes are nutrient soil. According to the sustainably improved planting structure provided by the invention, the pH (Potential of Hydrogen) value of saline and alkaline soil is reduced and the growth of plants is promoted, so that the structure is an sustainably improved structure.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to garden engineering technology field, the pattern of farming that more particularly, to a kind of salt-soda soil is persistently improved.
Background technology
Salt affected soil, due to the accumulation of salinities a large amount of in soil, can cause a series of deterioration of soil physical properties, to wide
The big salt affected soil that can not be suitable for garden plantses growth needs carries out improveing, reduce its salt alkali content becomes afforestation
One key subjects of engineering.Conventional soil improvement can be generally divided into physically improved, water conservancy improvement, chemical modifying etc., its
In, with ion exchange as principle, improved by the salinity in ion exchange salt-soda soil salt-soda soil be effective method it
One.If Authorization Notice No. is CN103283338B, the Chinese invention patent of entitled " a kind of method of salt-soda soil rice cultivation "
Pass through described in document to apply calcium sulfate, make calcium sulfate carry out ion-exchange reactionss to improve salt-soda soil with the salinity in salt-soda soil
Method；And for example, described in Chinese patent literature CN101012380A, using calcium superphosphate, calcium sulfate, gas permeable material and corruption
The compositionss of ripe thick Organic substance are as the modifying agent of salinized soil；Additionally, with poly- third described in Chinese patent literature CN1923949A
Olefin(e) acid (PAA) mixed dissolution pyroligneous liquor, phytohormone combination, as modifying agent, had both considered fall low ph value it is also contemplated that promoting
Plant growth；Etc..
But, above-mentioned alkaline land improving mode is all to carry out on the microcell in a certain area and its top layer, according to heating power
Learn second law to understand, in the balance of level of ground water that this region exists and water, the diffusion balance of salt alkali concn is Δ G ＜
0, it is the process that free energy reduces, be the process of a spontaneous generation, that is, described accumulation of salt in the surface soil alkali is the process necessarily occurring.Cause
How this, constantly improve to salt-soda soil, prevents accumulation of salt in the surface soil alkali, is the content of the most critical of alkaline land improving.
Content of the invention
It is difficult to continue for alkaline land improving effect in prior art, the technical problem of easy accumulation of salt in the surface soil alkali, provide a kind of saline and alkaline
The plantation that ground is persistently improved, carries out lasting improvement to salt-soda soil, stablizes the improved effect in salt-soda soil.
For this reason, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
The pattern of farming that a kind of salt-soda soil is persistently improved, including：
Plantation hole, plantation hole digs in salt affected soil, plantation hole depth 1.5-2 rice, each 2 meters of length and width, and spacing 1-1.1 rice is various
Plant and equally spacedly in a row arrange in column between hole；Set gradually from the bottom to top in plantation hole every salt deposit, salt discharge layer, ion exchange layer
With plantation layer；
Inspection shaft, inspection shaft is located at the center of one group of four plantation hole, checks well depth 2-2.5 rice, internal diameter 0.8-1 rice, inspection shaft
A part be located at each plantation hole in；Inspection shaft is interior, the ion exchange layer position of each plantation hole offers inspection and exchanges mouth, inspection
Look into and exchange mouth to communicate with described ion exchange layer；
Described ion exchange layer includes：First leak layer, the first leak layer and be arranged at the first leak layer and the second leak layer
Between gripper shoe, gripper shoe from check and exchange mouth to the periphery diverging arrangement of plantation hole thus the first leak layer, the
Form some chambers between two leak layers and gripper shoe, be filled with Ion Exchange Medium in described within the chamber；
It is filled with planting matrix, described planting matrix is to meet Nutrition Soil in plantation layer.
Further, described first leakage board offers some leaking holes having funnel type；Open on second leakage board
It is provided with the leaking hole of some tool funnel types.
Further, inspection and exchange mouth arrange baffle plate able to turn on or off.
Further, described Composite nutrient soil includes the following component of parts by weight：Careless carbon 20-30 part, decomposed cow dung 30-
60 parts, straw 12-36 part of becoming thoroughly decomposed, wood flour 10-20 part of becoming thoroughly decomposed, wheat bran 10-20 part, flyash 7-11.6 part, mountain sand 15-25
Part, phosphorus humic fertileizer 5-7 part, nitrogen humic fertileizer 5-7 part, rabbit excrement 8-10 part of becoming thoroughly decomposed, sugar residue 20-30 part, and, become thoroughly decomposed Lentinus Edodess Bag Material 15-
20 parts.
Further, described every salt deposit be boiler ash sediment, in wheat bran, sawdust, bark, horsehit, blinding, cobble or Caulis et Folium Oryzae
One group or two or more mixing；It is filled with gravel, zeolite or sandstone in described salt discharge layer and salt discharging pipe is set.
Further, described ion exchange in the layer Ion Exchange Medium is calcium superphosphate or calcium sulfate and montmorillonite, height
Ridge stone or the arbitrary mixture of Vermiculitum；Or, cation exchange resin.
Further, it is additionally provided with reservoir bed between described ion exchange layer and plantation layer, described reservoir bed is by plant
One or more be mixed of straw, hydroscopic high-molecular resin SAP or meerschaum.
Further, the described thickness every salt deposit be 0.2-0.3m, salt discharge layer thickness be 0.2-0.3m, ion exchange layer
Thickness be 0.25-0.35m.
Further, present invention additionally comprises a Special digging has, for taking out in ion exchange layer in inspection and exchange mouth
Ion Exchange Medium, including handle and a head, head has the work surface of a flat or interior concave arc.
The pattern of farming that the salt-soda soil of the present invention is persistently improved, in plantation hole, setting is every salt deposit, salt discharge layer and ion exchange
Layer, the salinity below salt deposit prevents is up, and salt discharge layer carries out desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching salt discharge, and ion exchange layer will by cation exchange medium
Cation in soil swaps, and reduces soil pH value；By plantation hole is grouped, one inspection of setting in one group of plantation hole
Look into well, by indexs such as inspection shaft periodic detection ion exchange in the layer pH values, and ion exchange Jie is changed according to testing result
Matter, makes the effect of alkaline land improving be stabilized and continue, and prevents soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil alkali again after improvement；Using Composite nutrient soil conduct
Planting matrix, ensures the nutrition needed for plant growing, beneficial to plant growing.
To sum up, the pattern of farming of the present invention, while reducing salt affected soil pH value, is taken into account promotion plant growth, is one
Plant continuable alkaline land improving pattern of farming, there is good market prospect.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of ion exchange layer cross section of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the A-A of Fig. 2 to sectional view；
Fig. 4 is the structural representation digging tool of the present invention；
In figure, 1 is plantation hole, and 2 is inspection shaft, and 3 is to check and exchange mouth, and 4 is every salt deposit, and 5 is salt discharge layer, and 51 is salt discharging pipe, 6
For ion exchange layer, 61 is the first leakage board, and 62 is gripper shoe, and 63 is the second leakage board, and 64 is Ion Exchange Medium, and 65 is leakage
Water hole, 7 is plantation layer, and 8 is to dig tool, and 81 is handle, and 82 is head.
Specific embodiment
With reference to Fig. 1-4, the present invention is described further with specific embodiment, with prior art in the present invention
Identical part will be with reference to prior art.
As Figure 1-3, the pattern of farming that a kind of salt-soda soil of the present invention is persistently improved, including：
Plantation hole 1, plantation hole digs in salt affected soil, plantation hole depth 1.5-2 rice, each 2 meters of length and width, and spacing 1-1.1 rice is various
Plant and equally spacedly in a row arrange in column between hole；Set gradually from the bottom to top in plantation hole every salt deposit 4, salt discharge layer 5, ion exchange
Layer 6 and plantation layer 7；
As shown in Fig. 2 inspection shaft 2, inspection shaft is positioned at the center of one group of four plantation hole, inspection well depth 2-2.5 rice, internal diameter 0.8-
1 meter, a part for inspection shaft is located in each plantation hole；Inspection shaft is interior, the ion exchange layer position of each plantation hole offers inspection
And exchange mouth 3, check and exchange mouth 3 and communicate with described ion exchange layer 6；
Ion exchange layer 6 includes：First leak layer 61, the first leak layer 62 and be arranged at the first leak layer and the second leak layer
Between gripper shoe 62, gripper shoe 62 is from checking and exchange mouth to the periphery diverging arrangement of plantation hole thus in the first leak
Form some chambers, each chamber is all opened on inspection and exchanges mouth 3, in described chamber between layer, the second leak layer and gripper shoe
Interior is filled with Ion Exchange Medium 64；Ion Exchange Medium 64 can be using calcium superphosphate or calcium sulfate and montmorillonite, kaolinite
Stone or the arbitrary mixture of Vermiculitum；Or, cation exchange resin.Draw materials conveniently, exchange effect is good, and cost is suitable.
In order to obtain superior technique effect, as a kind of preferred embodiment, if offering on the first leakage board 61
The dry leaking hole 65 having funnel type；The leaking hole 65 of some tool funnel types is offered on the second leakage board 63.Fall funnel type
Leaking hole is conducive to plantation in the layer cation to enter ion exchange layer 6 and carries out ion exchange；And the leaking hole of funnel type can make
The moisture getting off from plantation layer stops the more time in ion exchange layer, thus being conducive to the carrying out of ion exchange.
It is filled with planting matrix, described planting matrix is to meet Nutrition Soil in plantation layer.Composite nutrient soil includes weight portion
The following component of number：Careless carbon 20-30 part, decomposed cow dung 30-60 part, straw 12-36 part of becoming thoroughly decomposed, wood flour 10-20 part of becoming thoroughly decomposed,
Wheat bran 10-20 part, flyash 7-11.6 part, mountain sand 15-25 part, phosphorus humic fertileizer 5-7 part, nitrogen humic fertileizer 5-7 part, become thoroughly decomposed rabbit excrement 8-10
Part, sugar residue 20-30 part, and, Lentinus Edodess Bag Material 15-20 part of becoming thoroughly decomposed.What mentioned component mixed formation meets Nutrition Soil, whole
Body is in acidity and nutritious, drainage effect is good, increases oxygen in soil, and good permeability, not hardened, is difficult the accumulation of salt in the surface soil, can promote
Enter the growth of plant and microorganism.
Described every salt deposit 4 be boiler ash sediment, wheat bran, sawdust, bark, horsehit, blinding, one group or two in cobble or Caulis et Folium Oryzae
Plant above mixing；It is filled with gravel, zeolite or sandstone in salt discharge layer 5 and salt discharging pipe 51 is set.There is good obstruct salt, alkali
Up effect.
It is additionally provided with reservoir bed between described ion exchange layer and plantation layer（In figure is not shown）, described reservoir bed is by planting
One or more be mixed of thing straw, hydroscopic high-molecular resin SAP or meerschaum.For to rainwater or filling
Irrigate water to be stored, need for plant growing, the number of times of irrigation can be efficiently reduced, increase the survival rate of plant.
Checking and exchanging, on mouth, baffle plate able to turn on or off is set.Baffle plate can be Unscrew or be lifted up
Open, the structure of baffle plate can adopt structure of the prior art, will not be described here.
The described thickness every salt deposit is 0.2-0.3m, the thickness of salt discharge layer is 0.2-0.3m, the thickness of ion exchange layer is
0.25-0.35m.Remaining thickness of plantation hole is plantation layer.
For the ease of taking out ion exchange in the layer Ion Exchange Medium, present invention additionally comprises a Special digging tool 8, this digs tool
There is a handle 81 and a head 82 with decreased food direction in about 90 degree of angles, head has a flat or indent
The work surface of circular arc.Using digging after the Ion Exchange Medium taking-up that tool 8 will use after a while, refill new ion and hand over
Change medium, ensure the effect of ion exchange.
Certainly, the present invention can also adopt other embodiment, above are only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not used for
Limit the practical range of the present invention, equivalence changes and modification that all contents according to the application the scope of the claims are made, all should be this
Bright technology category.
Claims (9)
1. the pattern of farming that a kind of salt-soda soil is persistently improved is it is characterised in that include：
Plantation hole, plantation hole digs in salt affected soil, plantation hole depth 1.5-2 rice, each 2 meters of length and width, and spacing 1-1.1 rice is various
Plant and equally spacedly in a row arrange in column between hole；Set gradually from the bottom to top in plantation hole every salt deposit, salt discharge layer, ion exchange layer
With plantation layer；
Inspection shaft, inspection shaft is located at the center of one group of four plantation hole, checks well depth 2-2.5 rice, internal diameter 0.8-1 rice, inspection shaft
A part be located at each plantation hole in；Inspection shaft is interior, the ion exchange layer position of each plantation hole offers inspection and exchanges mouth, inspection
Look into and exchange mouth to communicate with described ion exchange layer；
Described ion exchange layer includes：First leak layer, the first leak layer and be arranged at the first leak layer and the second leak layer
Between gripper shoe, gripper shoe from check and exchange mouth to the periphery diverging arrangement of plantation hole thus the first leak layer, the
Form some chambers between two leak layers and gripper shoe, be filled with Ion Exchange Medium in described within the chamber；
It is filled with planting matrix, described planting matrix is to meet Nutrition Soil in plantation layer.
2. salt-soda soil according to claim 1 is persistently improved pattern of farming it is characterised in that：On described first leakage board
Offer some leaking holes having funnel type；The leaking hole of some tool funnel types is offered on the second leakage board.
3. salt-soda soil according to claim 1 is persistently improved pattern of farming it is characterised in that：Checking and exchanging on mouth
Baffle plate able to turn on or off is set.
4. salt-soda soil according to claim 1 is persistently improved pattern of farming it is characterised in that：Described Composite nutrient soil bag
Include the following component of parts by weight：Careless carbon 20-30 part, decomposed cow dung 30-60 part, straw 12-36 part of becoming thoroughly decomposed, become thoroughly decomposed wood flour
10-20 part, wheat bran 10-20 part, flyash 7-11.6 part, mountain sand 15-25 part, phosphorus humic fertileizer 5-7 part, nitrogen humic fertileizer 5-7 part, rabbit of becoming thoroughly decomposed
Sub- excrement 8-10 part, sugar residue 20-30 part, and, Lentinus Edodess Bag Material 15-20 part of becoming thoroughly decomposed.
5. salt-soda soil according to claim 1 is persistently improved pattern of farming it is characterised in that：Described every salt deposit be ashes
One group in slag, wheat bran, sawdust, bark, horsehit, blinding, cobble or Caulis et Folium Oryzae or two or more mixing；In described salt discharge layer
It is filled with gravel, zeolite or sandstone and salt discharging pipe is set.
6. salt-soda soil according to claim 1 is persistently improved pattern of farming it is characterised in that：In described ion exchange layer
Ion Exchange Medium be calcium superphosphate or calcium sulfate and montmorillonite, kaolinite or the arbitrary mixture of Vermiculitum；Or, cation
Exchanger resin.
7. salt-soda soil according to claim 1 is persistently improved pattern of farming it is characterised in that：In described ion exchange layer
It is additionally provided with reservoir bed and plantation layer between, described reservoir bed is by straw, hydroscopic high-molecular resin SAP or meerschaum
One or more be mixed.
8. salt-soda soil according to claim 1 is persistently improved pattern of farming it is characterised in that：The described thickness every salt deposit
For 0.2-0.3m, salt discharge layer thickness be 0.2-0.3m, ion exchange layer thickness be 0.25-0.35m.
9. salt-soda soil according to claim 1 is persistently improved pattern of farming it is characterised in that：Also include a Special digging
Tool, for from checking and exchanging taking-up ion exchange in the layer Ion Exchange Medium in mouth, including handle and a head, head has
There is the work surface of a flat or interior concave arc.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107148822A (en) * | 2017-04-20 | 2017-09-12 | 滨海县耕地质量与肥料管理站 | Field comprehensive processing method based on hidden pipe salt discharge |
| CN108476955A (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2018-09-04 | 山西省农业科学院现代农业研究中心 | The facility and method of summer strawberry are planted using White mushroom slag in salt-soda soil |
| CN108513753A (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2018-09-11 | 盐城市大丰区绿洲农业发展有限公司 | Prevent for plastic shed soil saliferous every salt paper and its application method |
| CN109964717A (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2019-07-05 | 河北绿城园林绿化工程有限公司 | A kind of beach dry land willow implantation methods |
| CN111296157A (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2020-06-19 | 山东胜伟盐碱地科技有限公司 | Method for improving fruit tree planting survival rate in saline-alkali soil and promoting garden uniformity |
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